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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fysym</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_fysym" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d5163e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fysym</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d5163e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fusun</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5163e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>хозяин в отношения гостя</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>host</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>лицо, оказывающее гостеприимство, принимающее гостя</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>person which provids hospitality and welcoms guests</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e91"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>hospes</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d5163e97">
                    <form xml:id="form_d5163e99" type="lemma"><orth>fysym kænyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5163e102"><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e103"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>останавливаться в гостях</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>stay on a visit</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5163e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>останавливаться на ночлег</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>stay overnight</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5163e123">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e125">
                        <quote>wazæg cættæ æmæ fusym ægættæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>гость готов (остановиться у хозяина), но хозяин не готов (принять
                                гостя)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the guest is ready (to stay at the host's place), but the host is not
                                ready (to receive the guest)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            227</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e144">
                        <quote>xorz wazæǵy rwaǵy fysym jæxī xorz feny</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>по поводу хорошего гостя хозяин и сам угощается</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the host himself treats himself because of a good guest</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">saying</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e165">
                        <quote>fysym dyn ystæm</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>мы готовы принять тебя</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>we are ready to receive you</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">обращение к гостю</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">address to a guest</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e186">
                        <quote>mæ fysymtæ — radæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>мои хозяева (менялись) по очереди</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>my hosts were changing one by one</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (речь идет об общественном пастухе,
                            который по очереди столуется и ночует у домохозяев)</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (it is about a public shepherd who takes
                            turns to eat and sleep with the householders)</note>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e212" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>iwazæg dær de ʽwazæg, Wasgergi, fusun dær dæ fægæxst</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>и гость да будет твоим гостем, Уасгерги, и хозяин да будет на твоем
                                попечении</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>and let the guest be your guest, Wasgergi, and let the host be in
                                your care</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            139</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e235" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Qumi buduri ew fæjjawmæ næ fusun adtæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>на Кумской равнине мы гостили у одного пастуха</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>we stayed at a shepherd's place on the Kumskaya plain</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e257" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>æ fusun Woræsmægmæ ærkodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он остановился в качестве гостя у Уоразмага</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he stayed as a guest at Worazmagh's place</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            58</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e279">
                        <quote>batalyng syl fændagyl; īw lægæt yssardtoj, bacydysty ūrdæm æmæ ūm
                            bafysym kodtoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в пути наступили сумерки; нашли одну пещеру, вошли туда и там
                                устроили ночлег</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>twilight fell on the way; they found a cave, entered and settled
                                there for the night</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 58</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5163e298" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>e dæ zærdi kæroni dær ma ʽrfusun kænæd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>эта (мысль) пусть не утвердится даже на кончике твоего сердца (т. е.
                                „и не помышляй об этом“)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>let this thought not be affirmed even on the tip of your heart (i.e.,
                                “don’t even think about it”)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e324" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*pasumant-, fšumant-</w>
                        <gloss><q>хозяин скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5163e332" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>скотовладелец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово является наследием
                    кочевого скотоводческого быта, когда способность оказать гостеприимство
                    связывалась с обладанием скотом, а не обладанием домом. В этих условиях
                    естественно развитие значения: ‘хозяин скота’ → ‘хозяин, принимающий гостя’. Ср.
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e436" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e338" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>fšümant-</w>
                        <gloss><q>владелец скота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e444" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e346" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>pašumat-</w>
                        <gloss><q>богатый скотом</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для семантики ср.
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e452" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e354" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>vāstar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hospes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e460" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e363" xml:lang="ae"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">буквально</note>
                        <gloss><q>владеющий пастбищем</q></gloss></mentioned> (см.:
                            <bibl><author>Gaal</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Acta orient. Acad.
                            Hung. I, 1, стр. 89 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Слово воспринято во
                    многие кавказские языки: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e474" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e376" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>á-pš˳ma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e479" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e381" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
                        <w>pšuma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e484" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e386" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>bəsəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e489" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e391" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>bəsəm</w> <gloss><q>хозяин дома</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e497" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e400" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>fusæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e503" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e405" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>husam</w>
                        <gloss><q>пристанище</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e511" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e413" xml:lang="ce"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>дом хозяина</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘овца’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>74, 88, 90, 315, 337</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e324" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e428" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*pasumant-, fšumant-</w>
                        <gloss><q>livestock owner</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word is a legacy of
                    nomadic pastoralism, when the ability to provide hospitality was associated with
                    the possession of livestock, and not the possession of a house. Under these
                    conditions, the development of meaning is natural: ‘cattle master’ → ‘master
                    receiving a guest’. Compare with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e338" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e436" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>fšümant-</w>
                        <gloss><q>livestock owner</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e346" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e444" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>pašumat-</w>
                        <gloss><q>rich in livestock</q></gloss></mentioned>. For the semantics
                    compare with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e452" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>vāstar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hospes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e363" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e460" xml:lang="ae"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">literally</note>
                        <gloss><q>pasture owner</q></gloss></mentioned> (см.:
                            <bibl><author>Gaal</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Acta orient.
                            Acad. Hung. I, 1, p. 89 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The word entered many
                    Caucasian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e474" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>á-pš˳ma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e479" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
                        <w>pšuma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e386" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e484" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>bəsəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e391" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e489" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>bəsəm</w> <gloss><q>master of the house</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e400" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e497" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>fusæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e405" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e503" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>husam</w>
                        <gloss><q>shelter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5163e413" xml:id="mentioned_d5163e511" xml:lang="ce"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>house of a host</q></gloss></mentioned>. Compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘sheep’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>74, 88, 90, 315,
                    337</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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