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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fos</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_fos" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d759e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fos</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d759e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fons</orth></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fos.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>скот</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>cattle</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fos.2"><sense xml:id="sense_d759e83"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>имущество</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>property</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d759e92"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>добыча</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>plunder</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d759e102">
                    <re xml:id="re_d759e104">
                        <form xml:id="form_d759e106" type="lemma"><orth>lystæg fos</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d759e109"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>мелкий скот</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>small cattle</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d759e120">
                        <form xml:id="form_d759e122" type="lemma"><orth>stazwd fos</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d759e125"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>крупный скот</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>cattle</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d759e138">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e140">
                        <quote>xæxxon fæjjaw jæ fosīmæ kʼæʒæxty dær næ fællajy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>горный пастух со своей барантой неутомим и на скалах</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the mountain shepherd with his baranta is tireless even on the
                                rocks</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e159">
                        <quote>īw bon xīzænæj ærtardta je fsæst fosy ʒūg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>однажды он пригнал с пастбища свое сытое стадо овец</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>once he drove his well-fed flock of sheep from the pasture</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e178" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fons i xestærtæn, xætæl — kæstæræn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>скот (достался) старшим (братьям), свирель — младшему</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the cattle went to the older brothers, the flute went to the younger
                                one</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>55%l40%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e200">
                        <quote>mæ fydy tūgmæ æz dæwæj fos æmæ æxca næ bacagūrʒynæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>за кровь отца я не потребую у тебя скота и денег</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>for my father's blood I will not demand cattle and money from you</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 22</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d759e220">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e222">
                        <quote>bīræ fos yskodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он нажил много добра</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he made a lot of goods</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e237">
                        <quote>fosænqæl læg næ fællajy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>человек, рассчитывающий на добычу, неутомим</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a man who counts on prey is tireless</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            204</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e256" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>sækæræj dær fæffos kodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>и сахаром он попользовался</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>and he used sugar</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>255%l4%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e278" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>(mudbinʒitæ) sæ xwæzdær xæʒardar fons æncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(bees) are their main riches at the farm</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q/>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d759e300" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>mægur bælcconi… sæxecæn fonsbæl banimadtoncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>бедного путника они (разбойники) сочли за свою добычу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they (the robbers) considered the poor traveler their prey</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            138</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> восходит здесь к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> перед носовым; стало быть,
                    исходная форма — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi>. В иронском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> выпал (ассимилировался?), как в
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>380</biblScope></bibl>).
                    Восстанавливаемое <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi> находит ближайшую параллель в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e401" xml:id="mentioned_d759e331" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>panz</w>
                        <gloss><q>рогатый скот</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, очевидно,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e409" xml:id="mentioned_d759e339" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
                        <w>poso</w>
                        <gloss><q>скот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e417" xml:id="mentioned_d759e347" xml:lang="ddo"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>богатство</q></gloss></mentioned>. Что касается <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e424" xml:id="mentioned_d759e354" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>fos</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e429" xml:id="mentioned_d759e359" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>hons</w>
                        <gloss><q>добыча</q></gloss></mentioned>, то они должны рассматриваться как
                    усвоенные из осетинского, так как согласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> исторически чужд ингушскому, а
                    чеченский <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> представляет обычный субститут <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> в заимствованных словах:
                    ср., например, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ford</hi> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e439" xml:id="mentioned_d759e369" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>ford</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e444" xml:id="mentioned_d759e374" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>hord</w></mentioned>. При отсутствии удовлетворительной иранской
                    этимологии остается допустить, что осетинское слово представляет заимствование
                    из аварского, а чеченское и ингушское — из осетинского. Если принять во внимание
                    территориальное распределение соответствующих языков (аварский не соседит с
                    осетинским, чеченский и ингушский располагались между осетинским и аварским), то
                    картина получается довольно запутанная. Заслуживает внимания идеосемантика:
                    ‘скот’ → ‘имущество’ → ‘добыча’. Она говорит, во-первых, о том, что скот был
                    синонимом богатства; во-вторых, тот же скот служил основным объектом вожделений
                    в качестве добычи при военных столкновениях.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>66, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> traces here back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> before a nasal
                    consonant; thus, the initial form is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi>. In Iron, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> fell out
                    (assimilated?), as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>380</biblScope></bibl>). The
                    closest parallel of the recovered form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi> is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e331" xml:id="mentioned_d759e401" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>panz</w>
                        <gloss><q>horned cattle</q></gloss></mentioned>. Apparently, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e339" xml:id="mentioned_d759e409" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
                        <w>poso</w>
                        <gloss><q>cattle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e347" xml:id="mentioned_d759e417" xml:lang="ddo"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>wealth</q></gloss></mentioned> are related to it as well. As for
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e354" xml:id="mentioned_d759e424" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>fos</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e359" xml:id="mentioned_d759e429" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>hons</w>
                        <gloss><q>plunder</q></gloss></mentioned>, they should be viewed as acquired
                    from Ossetic, since the consonant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> is historically alien to Ingush, and
                    Chechen <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> is a usual substitute of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> in borrowed words: cf., for
                    example, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ford</hi> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e369" xml:id="mentioned_d759e439" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>ford</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e374" xml:id="mentioned_d759e444" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>hord</w></mentioned>. In the absence of a satisfactory Iranian etymology,
                    we are left to assume that the Ossetic word represents a borrowing from Avar,
                    and the Chechen and Ingush word is borrowed from Ossetic. If the territorial
                    distribution of the corresponding languages is taken into account ​​(Avar is not
                    adjacent to Ossetic, and Chechen and Ingush were located between Ossetic and
                    Avar), then the picture gets rather confusing. The ideosemantics deserves
                    attention: ‘cattle’ → ‘property’ → ‘plunder’. It says, first, that cattle was a
                    synonym of wealth; second, the same cattle served as the main object of desire
                    as plunder during military conflicts.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>66, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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