<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ma_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_ma_1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete" n="1">
        <form xml:id="form_d4858e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os"><orth>ma</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>не</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>not</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; запретительная частица при глаголах в императиве,
          эвентуально также конъюнктиве и оптативе</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; prohibitive particle used with verbs in the imperative,
          occasionally also in the subjunctive and optative</note>
        <re xml:id="re_d4858e85">
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в сочетании с местоимениями и наречиями: </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in combination with pronouns and adverbs: </note>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e93">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e95" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>ḱi</orth></form>
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e100" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>ke</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e105"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никто</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no one</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e118">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e120" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>cy</orth></form>
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e125" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>ci</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e130"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ничто</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nothing</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e143">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e145" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>k˳y</orth></form>
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e150" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220531T141149+0300" comment="NB: нет &quot;маку&quot;"?>kæmi<?oxy_comment_end ?></orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e157"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нигде</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nowhere</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e171">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e173" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>k˳y</orth><form xml:id="form_d4858e177" type="variant"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>kæd</orth></form></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e182"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никогда</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">never</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e195">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e197" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>wal</orth></form>
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e202" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>bal</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e207"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">больше не</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no more</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
          <re xml:id="re_d4858e220">
            <form xml:id="form_d4858e222" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ma</oRef>ma</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4858e227"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пока не</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">not yet</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4858e242">
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e244">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef> tærs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не бойся</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not fear</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>97, 121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e268">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef> kæwut, mæ xūrtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не плачьте, мои солнышки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not cry, my dear ones (lit. <q>my
                sons</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e294">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef> kæn, <oRef>ma</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не делай, нет!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not do, no!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e320">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ cærgæs, <oRef>ma</oRef> mæm kæs!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о орел, не смотри на меня!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o eagle, do not look at me!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>114</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e345" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cotæ, fal mæ <oRef>ma</oRef> feronx
              kæntæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">идите, но не забывайте меня</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go, but do not forget me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>10<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e377" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef> mæ maretæ, xwarz adæm</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не убивайте меня, добрые люди</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not kill me, good people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>13<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e407">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma īsūt wemæ <oRef>ma</oRef> dær syǧzærīn,
                <oRef>ma</oRef> dær ærx˳y wæ rætty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не берите с собой ни золота, ни серебра, ни
                меди в поясы свои</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in
                your purses</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e437">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef>
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220531T142112+0300" comment="NB: двойное отрицание с постпозицией"?>argævd<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              <oRef>ma</oRef> dær cʼæx sæǧy…, <oRef>ma</oRef> dær urs sæǧy, <oRef>ma</oRef> dær
              qūlony</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не закалывай ни серую козу, ни белую козу, ни
                пеструю</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not slaughter neither a grey goat, nor a
                white goat, nor a multicoloured (one)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e471">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ma</oRef> næ feqūsa</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как бы он нас не услышал</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lest he would hear us</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e490">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yʒmæ <oRef>ma</oRef> bavnældtais, æmæ dyl
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220531T142341+0300" comment="NB: в протасисе &quot;ма&quot;, в аподосисе &quot;нӕ&quot;"?>næ<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              fæxæcydaid</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не тронул бы ты собаки, и она тебя не укусила
                бы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(if) you wouldn’t have touched the dog, it
                wouldn’t have bitten you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОРСл."/>
              <biblScope>499</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e519">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>makæj</oRef> dær mīdæmæ waʒūt,
                <oRef>makæj</oRef> dær æddæmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ни внутрь, ни наружу никого не пускайте</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let no one neither in nor out</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 114</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e546">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæd dyn de ‘vsymærtæ amælænt,
                <oRef>makæmæn</oRef>
              <oRef>macy</oRef> zæǧ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть погибнут твои братья, никому ничего не
                говори</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (т.е.
                  <q>погибнут, если скажешь</q>)</note>
              
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may your brothers perish, do say nothing to no
                one</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (i.e. <q>they will die if
                  you say</q>)</note>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e583" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kud ærægæmæ ‘j næ xwæræ, <oRef>makæmi</oRef>
              fesæfæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как запоздала наша сестра, не пропала бы она
                где-нибудь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how late is our sister, may she not get lost
                somewhere</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>16<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e614">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mak˳y</oRef> dyn batajoj ūcy mæg˳yry
              kʼæbærtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть никогда не пойдут тебе впрок хлебные
                крохи того бедняка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may the bread crumbs of that poor man never go
                to your benefit</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e638">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ferox mæ kæn, mawal mæ warz</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">забудь меня, не люби меня больше</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">forget me, love me no more</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e661">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qūg, æxsyr radd, æxsyr gædy astæra, gædy myst
                <oRef>mawal</oRef> axsa, myst kʼatū <oRef>mawal</oRef> gærda</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">корова, дай молочко, чтобы (то) молочко полакал
                кот, чтобы кот больше не ловил мышку, чтобы мышка больше не грызла житницу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cow, give milk, so that a cat laps up the milk,
                so that the cat no longer catches the mouse, so that the mouse no longer gnaws the
                granary</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>62—63</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4858e688">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mama</oRef> jæ ‘rbawaʒ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не впускай его пока</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not let him in yet</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1032" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e710" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1038" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e716" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m>mē</m></mentioned> с тем же значением. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1043" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e721" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <m>ma-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4858e728" xml:lang="fa"><phr>ma
                tars</phr></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1053" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e731" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma tærs</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1059" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e737" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <m>me-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1064" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e742" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1070" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e748" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1075" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e753" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1080" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e758" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1085" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e763" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4858e770" xml:lang="srh"><phr>ma
                sō</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1095" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e773" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma co</phr>
                <gloss><q>не ходи</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1103" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e781" xml:lang="srh"><phr>ma
                  kan</phr></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1106" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e784" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma kæn</phr>
                <gloss><q>не делай</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1115" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e793" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>, <m>mə</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1122" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e800" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1128" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e806" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1133" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e811" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1138" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e816" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1145" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e823" xml:lang="xco"><w>mā-kka</w></mentioned>
              = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1148" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e826" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma kæ</phr>
                <gloss><q>не делай</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><author>Фрейман</author>.
                  <title>Хорезмийский язык</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 116</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1168" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e846" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1173" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e851" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1178" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e856" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1184" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e862" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1189" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e867" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <m>μη</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1194" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e872" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <m>mi</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1199" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e877" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <m>mos</m></mentioned>. — Обращает на себя внимание наличие в ряде кавказских языков
          такой же запретительной частицы: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1204" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e882" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1211" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e889" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma de</phr>
                <gloss><q>не делай</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1217" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e895" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma
                  ala</phr>
                <gloss><q>не говори</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1223" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e901" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma
                  jeca</phr>
                <gloss><q>не бери</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1230" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e908" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<phr>ma alh</phr>
              <gloss><q>не говори</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1244" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e922" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <m>mæ</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1249" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e927" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <m>ma-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>ma-čičara</w>
              <gloss><q>не пиши</q></gloss>: <bibl><author>Жирков</author>. <title>Лакский
                  язык</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1955</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                  119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1273" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e951" xml:lang="ab" extralang="abq"><lang/>
            <m>m(ə)</m>
            <gloss>морфема отрицания</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1280" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e958" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>m(a)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1285" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e963" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
            <m>mə</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1290" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e968" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <m>mo</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<phr>mo čʼarum</phr>
              <gloss><q>не пиши</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>. В сванском <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e1304" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e982" xml:lang="sva"><m>mā</m></mentioned> употребляется как обычная (не запретительная)
          частица отрицания. Быть может, в индоевропейских языках эта частица представляет вклад из
          доисторических языков, родственных кавказским (cp.: <bibl><author>Lafon</author>.
              <title>Etudes basques et caucasiques</title>. <pubPlace>Salamanca</pubPlace>,
              <date>1952</date>, <biblScope>стр. 65</biblScope></bibl>). В этой связи следует
          отметить, что частица засвидетельствована только в южной группе индоевропейских языков. —
          Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_majmaiddær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author>.
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>535 сл.</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 155</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e710" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1032" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e716" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1038" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m>mē</m></mentioned> with the same meaning. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e721" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1043" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <m>ma-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1050" xml:lang="fa"><phr>ma tars</phr></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e731" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1053" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma tærs</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e737" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1059" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <m>me-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e742" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1064" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e748" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1070" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e753" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1075" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e758" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1080" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e763" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1085" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1092" xml:lang="srh"><phr>ma sō</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e773" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1095" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma co</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not go</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e781" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1103" xml:lang="srh"><phr>ma
                  kan</phr></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e784" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1106" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma kæn</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not do</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e793" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1115" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>, <m>mə</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e800" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1122" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e806" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1128" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e811" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1133" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e816" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1138" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e823" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1145" xml:lang="xco"><w>mā-kka</w></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e826" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1148" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>ma kæ</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not do</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><author>Frejman</author>.
                  <title>Xorezmijskij jazyk</title> [Khwarezmian language].
                  <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
                116</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e846" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1168" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e851" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1173" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e856" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1178" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e862" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1184" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <m>mā</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e867" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1189" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <m>μη</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e872" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1194" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <m>mi</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e877" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1199" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <m>mos</m></mentioned>. — Remarkably, an identical prohibitive particle is found in a
          number of Caucasian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e882" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1204" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e889" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1211" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma de</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not do</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e895" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1217" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma
                  ala</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not say</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e901" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1223" xml:lang="ce"><phr>ma
                  jeca</phr>
                <gloss><q>do not take</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e908" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1230" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
            <m>ma</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<phr>ma
                alh</phr>
              <gloss><q>do not say</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e922" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1244" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <m>mæ</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e927" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1249" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <m>ma-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>ma-čičara</w>
              <gloss><q>do not write</q></gloss>: <bibl><author>Žirkov</author>. <title>Lakskij
                  jazyk</title> [Lak language]. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1955</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e951" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1273" xml:lang="ab" extralang="abq"><lang/>
            <m>m(ə)</m>
            <gloss>negative morpheme</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e958" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1280" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>m(a)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e963" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1285" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
            <m>mə</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e968" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1290" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <m>mo</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<phr>mo
                čʼarum</phr>
              <gloss><q>do not write</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>. In Svan, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4858e982" xml:id="mentioned_d4858e1304" xml:lang="sva"><m>mā</m></mentioned> is used as a general (not prohibitive) negative
          particle. In Indo-European, then, this particle is perhaps a contribution from prehistoric
          languages related to Caucasian (cf.: <bibl><author>Lafon</author>. <title>Etudes basques
              et caucasiques</title>. <pubPlace>Salamanca</pubPlace>, <date>1952</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 65</biblScope></bibl>). In this connection we should mention that the
          particle is attested only in southern Indo-European languages. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_majmaiddær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Ws Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>535 ff</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 155</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>