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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmcek</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_æmcek" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T133442+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d2415e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmcek</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d2415e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>enceg</orth>
                    <form xml:id="form_d2415e71" type="variant"><orth>ænceg</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d2415e74"/>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">Это слово связано с существовавшим у кавказских
                    горцев в прошлом обычаем аталычества. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Аталычеством в этнографии Кавказа именуется порядок, основная сущность
                            которого состоит в том, что ребенок, вскоре после своего рождения,
                            переходит на некоторое время в другую семью, а затем возвращается к
                            своим родителям</q> (<bibl>М. О. <author>Косвен</author>.
                                <title>Аталычество</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Сов.
                                    этногр.</title></bibl>
                            <biblScope>1935 II 41</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.
                                <quote><bibl><author>Марлинский</author> в <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Аммалат-беке</title></q> (изд.
                                <date>1895 г.</date>, <biblScope>стр. 9</biblScope>)</bibl> пишет:
                            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><name>Эмджек</name> — грудной,
                            молочный брат, от слова <name>эмджек</name> — сосец. У кавказских
                            народов это родство священнее природного: за своего эмджека каждый
                            положит голову</q></quote>. Практика аталычества отмечена у следующих
                    народов Кавказа: абхазов, абазин, черкес, кабардинцев, карачаевцев, балкарцев,
                    сванов, осетин, ингушей, чеченцев.</note>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">This word is connected to the
                        <foreign>atalyk</foreign> custom which existed in the past among highlanders
                    of the Caucasus. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">In ethnography of the
                            Caucasus, <foreign>atalyk</foreign> is used as the name of a custom
                            which consists in that a child, soon after its birth, is transferred for
                            some time into another family, and then returned to its parents</q>
                            (<bibl>M. O. <author>Kosven</author>. <title>Atalyčestvo</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Sov. ètnogr.</title></bibl>
                            <biblScope>1935 II 41</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.
                                <quote><bibl><author>Marlinsky</author> in <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Ammalat-bek</title></q>
                                (<date>1895</date> edition, <biblScope>p. 9</biblScope>)</bibl>
                        writes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><name>Emdzhek</name> is a milk
                            brother, from the word <name>emdzhek</name>, nipple. Among Caucasian
                            peoples this kinship is more sacred than natural kinship: anyone is
                            willing to lay their head for their emdzhek</q></quote>. The practice of
                        <foreign>atalyk</foreign> is found among the following peoples of the
                    Caucasus: Abkhaz, Abaza, Circassians, Kabardians, Karachay, Balkars, Svans,
                    Ossetians, Ingush, Chechens.</note>
                <sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_1">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
                        <oRef/> обозначает, в широком смысле, </note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
                        <oRef/> means, in the wide sense, </note>
                    <def xml:lang="ru">родство, возникающее на основе аталычества между двумя
                        семьями, отдающей и берущей ребенка на воспитание</def>
                    <def xml:lang="en">kinship arising on the basis of <foreign>atalyk</foreign>
                        (fosterage) between two families, one giving and one taking a child for
                        upbringing</def>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">: каждый член одной семьи становится для
                        членов другой <oRef/></note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">: every member of one family becomes an
                        <oRef/> for members of the other</note>
                </sense>
                <sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в более узком смысле <oRef/> может
                        значить</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in a more narrow sense, <oRef/> may
                        mean</note>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_1">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>молочный брат</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>milk brother</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_2">
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">или </note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">or </note>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>воспитатель</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>mentor</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:lang="os-x-digor" xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_3">
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">или (в дигорском) </note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">or (in Digor) </note>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>воспитанник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>foster child</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Для <q>воспитанника</q> есть и другое слово
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref></note>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. For <q>foster child</q> there is also another
                    word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref></note>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2415e76">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e78" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Aznauræn æ <oRef>enceg-ærvadæ</oRef> ba Qajtuqi furt ku adtæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>молочным братом Азнаура был сын Кайтука</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Aznaur’s milk brother was the son of Qaytuq</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>51<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e100" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Donbettæræj <oRef>enceg</oRef> sxastoncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у Донбетра они взяли (мальчика) на воспитание</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they took from Donbettyr a child for upbringing</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
                            <biblScope>19<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>mæ rajguræn — xani kesena, mæ <oRef>enceg</oRef> xæssæg — ældar
                            Kæsægæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>место моего рождения — ханский замок, мой молочный воспитатель —
                                князь из Кабарды</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the place of my birth is the khan’s castle, my foster upbringer is a
                                prince from Kabarda</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/>
                            <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e144" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>bafæsmardta Xæmici — se ’nosi <oRef>enceg</oRef>…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>узнала Хамица — их вечного молочного родственника…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>she recognized Khæmits — their perpetual
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T144818+0300" comment="there is no clear translation of &quot;молочный родственник&quot; (even in Russian it sounds unnatural)"?>fosterer<?oxy_comment_end ?>…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
                            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>skʼolaj fonsbæl kænæn <oRef>encegadæ</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>мы шефствуем над школьными животными</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>we act as patrons of the school animals</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
                            <biblScope>I 19</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Слово тюркского происхождения и означает <gloss><q>материнскую
                            грудь</q></gloss>; ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e265" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e191" xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
                            <w>ămcăk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e270" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e196" xml:lang="chg"><lang/>
                            <w>ămjek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e275" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e201" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
                            <w>emčex</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e280" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e206" xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
                            <w>emčāg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e285" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e211" xml:lang="tr-x-anat" extralang="az"><lang/>
                            <w>āmjāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e291" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e217" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                            <w>emček</w>
                        </mentioned>, <gloss><q>грудь
                            (женская)</q></gloss><gloss><q>сосок</q></gloss></mentioned>. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Молочное братство</q></gloss> лежит,
                    таким образом, в основе понятия эмчегства. Кроме балкарцев, карачаевцев и
                    осетин, термин <w>emčeg</w> в данном значении употребляется у чеченцев и
                    ингушей: <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e305" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e231" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                            <w>emčeg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e310" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e236" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                            <w>emčæg</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>молочный брат</q></gloss>,
                    <gloss><q>эмчег</q></gloss></mentioned>. Термин <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>ataləq</w>
                        <note type="comment">(также тюркского происхождения, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e324" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e250" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                                <w>ata</w>
                                <gloss><q>отец</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> чужд
                    осетинскому. О существовании аталычества на иранской почве ничего не известно, и
                    все говорит за то, что этот институт был усвоен осетинами на Кавказе от соседних
                    народов. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
                        <biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A word of Turkic origin, which means <gloss><q>mother’s
                            breast</q></gloss>; cf. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e191" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e265" xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
                            <w>ămcăk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e196" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e270" xml:lang="chg"><lang/>
                            <w>ămjek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e201" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e275" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
                            <w>emčex</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e206" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e280" xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
                            <w>emčāg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e211" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e285" xml:lang="tr-x-anat" extralang="az"><lang/>
                            <w>āmjāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e217" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e291" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                            <w>emček</w>
                        </mentioned>, <gloss><q>(female)
                            breast</q></gloss><gloss><q>nipple</q></gloss></mentioned>. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Milk brotherhood</q> thus lies at the heart
                    of the concept of <oRef/>-hood. In addition to the Balkars, Karachays and
                    Ossetians, the term <w>emčeg</w> in this meaning is used among the Chechens and
                    Ingush: <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e231" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e305" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                            <w>emčeg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e236" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e310" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                            <w>emčæg</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>milk brother</q></gloss>,
                        <gloss><q><oRef/></q></gloss></mentioned>. The term <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>ataləq</w>
                        <note type="comment">(also of Turkic origin, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e324" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                                <w>ata</w>
                                <gloss><q>father</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> is
                    alien for Ossetic. Nothing is known of the existence of fosterage
                    <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T145553+0300" comment="на иранской почве"?>in
                    the Iranian world<?oxy_comment_end ?>, and thus everything supports the
                    hypothesis that this institute was adopted by the Ossetians in the Caucasus from
                    neighboring peoples. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
                        <biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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