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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>ænʒalm</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_ænʒalm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240329T143853+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3596e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ænʒalm</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3596e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænʒalæ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3596e72">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3596e73">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жердь</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>pole</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3596e82">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>брус</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>beam</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Так называются брусья, употребляемые для
                    покрытия горской сакли. Плоская крыша сакли строится следующим образом: на
                    возведенные стены укладываются сперва потолочные балки (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1"><w>qædtæ</w></ref>) на расстоянии ½—1 м друг от друга;
                    поперек балок вплотную друг к другу кладутся жерди (<oRef/>), на брусья ложится
                    слой хвороста (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyxs"/>) и соломы (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæmp"/>); сверху насыпается земля — глина с песком (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt"/>), которая утрамбовывается с помощью особой
                    бабы (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūlæg"/>)</note>
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240403T135444+0300" comment="not 100% sure of the translation"?>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. This is the name for the poles used to cover a
                    highland house. The flat roof of the house is constructed in the following way:
                    first, ceiling beams (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1"><w>qædtæ</w></ref>)
                    are laid over the constructed walls ½—1 m apart from each other; crosswise to
                    the beams, in close contact with each other poles (<oRef/>) are overlaid on top,
                    which are then covered with brushwood (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyxs"/>)
                    and straw (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæmp"/>); earth — clay with sand (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt"/>) — is poured on top, which is then
                    levelled using a special hammer (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūlæg"/>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3596e92">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e94">
                        <quote>mæ xæʒar aǧ˳yndynæn ma mæ <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> qæwy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>чтобы покрыть дом, мне недостает только <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef>
                                (жердей)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I am only lacking in <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> (poles) to cover the
                                house</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e109" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>jæ <oRef>’nʒalæ</oRef> in Rasti komi rawaǧtoncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жерди для крыши спустили по ущелью Раст</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>poles for the roof were sent via the Rast gorge</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 135</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e131" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>etæ xæʒaræ kodtoncæ ’ma nikkarstoncæ se <oRef>’nʒalæ</oRef>
                            Ræstikomi</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>они строили дом и нарубили жердей в Растикоме</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they built a house and cut poles in
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240329T142053+0300" comment="this is in fact the same as &quot;Rast gorge&quot; in the previous sentence, only spelled differently"?>Ræstikom<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e153" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Majrænqul æ wærgutæbæl tærsæ <oRef>ænʒalæ</oRef> tæssarmæ
                            ærævardta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Майрамкул положил себе на колени буковую жердь поперек</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Mayrænqul put a beech pole cross his knees</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru"><lang xml:lang="os">Ос.</lang>
                    <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ænʒalm</w>
                    <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒalæ</w> представляет сращение префикса <m>æn-</m> c
                    основой <w>ʒal</w>
                    <gloss><q>брус</q></gloss> кавказского происхождения. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e238" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e182" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                            <w>ʒeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e246" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e187" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
                            <w>ǯali</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
                                <biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e258" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e199" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
                            <w>ǯa </w> : <w>ʒalepe</w></mentioned>, , <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>nǯa </w> : <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e204" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯolum</w>
                        <gloss><q>валежник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e272" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e213" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>žəlmə</w>, <w>zəlmə</w>
                        <gloss><q>хворост для покрытия крыши</q></gloss></mentioned>. Представляет
                    ли начальное <m>æn</m> в <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> иранский префикс (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>) или кавказский — трудно решить;
                    вероятнее последнее; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e280" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e221" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
                        <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>, а на осетинской почве еще и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ængūz</w>
                        <gloss><q>орех</q></gloss></ref>. Конечное <c>m</c>, вероятно, окаменелый
                    показатель множественности, вариант губного суффикса множественности <m>b</m> ‖
                        <m>m</m> ‖ <m>р</m>, широко распространенного в южнокавказских и
                    дагестанских языках; кстати, <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> употребляется нередко в
                    собирательном смысле: <gloss><q>брусья</q></gloss>. Чеченское и балкарское слово
                    усвоены, возможно, из осетинского.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
                    <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ænʒalm</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒalæ</w> represents
                    the fusion of the prefix <m>æn-</m> with the stem <w>ʒal</w>
                    <gloss><q>beam</q></gloss> of Caucasian origin. Compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e182" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e238" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ʒeli</w>
                        <gloss><q>beam</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e187" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e246" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯali</w>
                        <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
                                <biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e258" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
                            <w>ǯa </w> : <w>ʒalepe</w></mentioned>, , <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>nǯa </w> : <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e204" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e263" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯolum</w>
                        <gloss><q>brushwood</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e213" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e272" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>žəlmə</w>, <w>zəlmə</w>
                        <gloss><q>brushwood for roof covering</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is hard to
                    decide whether the initial <m>æn</m> in <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> is an Iranian prefix
                        (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>) or a Caucasian one;
                    the latter is more likely; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e221" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e280" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
                        <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>, and within Ossetic also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ængūz</w>
                        <gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></ref>. The final <c>m</c> is probably a
                    fossilized plural marker, a variant of the labial plural suffix <m>b</m> ‖
                        <m>m</m> ‖ <m>р</m> widespread in the South Caucasian and Daghestanian
                    languages; by the way, <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> is often used as a collective noun:
                            <gloss><q>beams</q></gloss>. The Chechen and Balkar words are possibly
                    adopted from Ossetic. <lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>327.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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