<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_gærtam" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d103e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gærtam</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d103e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>gærtan</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d103e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d103e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>взятка</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>bribe</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d103e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>подкуп</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>graft</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d103e92">
                    <form xml:id="form_d103e94" type="lemma"><orth>gærtamxor</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d103e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>взяточник („взяткоед“)</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>bribe-taker (“bribe-eater”)</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d103e108">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d103e110">
                        <quote>ræsuǧd Bela gærtam wydi</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>красавица Бэла послужила взяткой</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>beautiful Bela served as a bribe</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>188–189</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">За пределами осетинского слово прослеживается в грузинском,
                    русском и финских (пермских) языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e232" xml:id="mentioned_d103e133" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>krtami</w>
                        <gloss><q>дар</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e240" xml:id="mentioned_d103e141" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>подношение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e246" xml:id="mentioned_d103e147" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>взятка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e252" xml:id="mentioned_d103e153" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(стар. и обл.) </note><w>ко́ртома</w>
                        <gloss><q>аренда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e262" xml:id="mentioned_d103e163" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>наем</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e269" xml:id="mentioned_d103e170" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>откуп</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e275" xml:id="mentioned_d103e176" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>условная плата за наем чего-нибудь</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e281" xml:id="mentioned_d103e182" xml:lang="ru"><w>кортомить</w>
                        <gloss><q>брать в наем, на откуп</q></gloss></mentioned>(%i%bотдавать, брать
                    в кортому%b%i), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e287" xml:id="mentioned_d103e188" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>körtöm, körtəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e292" xml:id="mentioned_d103e193" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>kertəm</w>
                        <gloss><q>аренда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e300" xml:id="mentioned_d103e201" xml:lang="udm"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>наем</q></gloss></mentioned>. Случайно созвучие с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e307" xml:id="mentioned_d103e208" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>χάρτωμα</w></mentioned>. На пермской почве слово может
                    этимологизироваться на основе глагола <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kört</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kert-</hi> ‘связывать’. В этом
                    случае придется допустить, что в русский и кавказские языки слово вошло из
                    финских. Однако осетинское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi> по значению и огласовке примыкает к груз.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">krtami</hi> и должно считаться усвоенным оттуда.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><biblScope>Blüten 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">103
                            сл.</biblScope></bibl> —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Outside Ossetic, the word can be traced in the Georgian, Russian
                    and Finnish (Permic) languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e133" xml:id="mentioned_d103e232" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>krtami</w>
                        <gloss><q>donation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e141" xml:id="mentioned_d103e240" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>offering</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e147" xml:id="mentioned_d103e246" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>bribe</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e153" xml:id="mentioned_d103e252" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(obsolete and regional)
                            </note><w>kórtoma</w>
                        <gloss><q>rent</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e163" xml:id="mentioned_d103e262" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>hire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e170" xml:id="mentioned_d103e269" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>lease</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e176" xml:id="mentioned_d103e275" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>conditional payment for hiring something</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e182" xml:id="mentioned_d103e281" xml:lang="ru"><w>kortomitʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>hire out</q></gloss></mentioned>(%i%bотдавать, брать в
                    кортому%b%i), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e188" xml:id="mentioned_d103e287" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>körtöm, körtəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e193" xml:id="mentioned_d103e292" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>kertəm</w>
                        <gloss><q>rent</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e201" xml:id="mentioned_d103e300" xml:lang="udm"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>hire</q></gloss></mentioned>. The similarity with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e208" xml:id="mentioned_d103e307" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>χάρτωμα</w></mentioned> is accidental. If this word comes from Permic
                    languages, than it might be etymologized on the basis of the verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kört</hi> ||
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kert-</hi> ‘tie’. In this case one have to assume that this word entered Russian
                    and Caucasian languages via Finnic ones. However, Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi> is close to
                    Georgian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">krtami</hi> in the meaning and the sound form and it should be
                    considered acquired from it.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><biblScope>Blüten 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="en">103 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="internal">нужен особый посткоммент к циту</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>