<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīstær</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xīstær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2636e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīstær</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xestær</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2636e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>старший</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>senior</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"><w>kæstær</w>
            <gloss><q>младший</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"><w>kæstær</w>
            <gloss><q>junior</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīstær kʼūx</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xīstær
                æng˳ylʒ</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большой палец</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thumb</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kæstær kʼūx</phr>
                <gloss><q>мизинец</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kæstær kʼūx</phr>
                <gloss><q>little finger</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wællag wazægdony badtysty
                <oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в верхней кунацкой сидели старшие</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elders sat in the upper kunak room</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīstærty</oRef> raz mæ bon næw
              ʒūryn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед старшими я не могу говорить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I canʼt speak in front of elders</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>227</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæstæræj, <oRef>xīstæræj</oRef>, syxagæj,
              bæstagæj næ ʒyrd kæræʒījyl nal bady</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будь то младшие, (или) старшие, (или) соседи,
                (или) земляки, мы уже не находим общего языка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whether they are younger, (or) older, (or)
                neighbors, (or) countrymen, we no longer find a common language</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>233</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...Barsægaty myggaǵy <oRef>xīstær</oRef>,
              dunejyl kadǵyn Bætæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...старший в фамилии Башаговых, всесветно
                чтимый Батаг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...the eldest in the Bashagov family,
                universally revered Batag</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">myggægty <oRef>xīstærtæm</oRef>
              arvītæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть пошлет к родовым старейшинам</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let him send to the tribal elders</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aka jyn wyd fyd, mad æmæ <oRef>xīstær</oRef>
              ævsymæry bæsty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ака был для него за отца, за мать, за старшего
                брата</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aka was for him a father, a mother, an older
                brother</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>278</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xestær</oRef> (wæjug) kæstærmæ
              ʒoruj...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старший (великан) говорит младшему...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elder (giant) says to the younger...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>4<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">orssær Tætærtup — sæ kʼwari
                <oRef>xestær</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">седоглавый Татартуп — старший в их группе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grey-headed Tatartup is the oldest in their
                group</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>58<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">175</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læqwan... bacudæj avd wæjugemæ ma sin
                <oRef>xestærgaj</oRef> sæ særtæ avdemæn dar rakʼwardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша... пошел к семи великанам и, в порядке
                старшинства, у всех семерых отрубил головы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man... went to the seven giants and,
                in order of seniority, cut off the heads of all seven</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>28<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13—14</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Исходная иранская модель — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-tara-</w></mentioned> (сравнительная степень от превосходной!). Суперлатив
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-</w></mentioned> предполагает позитив
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hū-</w>
            <gloss><q>приводить в движение, в действие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>sū-</w>, <w>suva-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
                <biblScope>1560 —1561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvašta-</w> означало, стало быть, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">главный деятель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">главный участник какого-либо действия (например,
                культового)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">spiritus
                inovens</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">старший (по положению
                или по возрасту)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><lang/>
            <w>xuški</w>, <w>xušči</w>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>старший</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><w>xušči-ё
              vrai</w>
            <gloss><q>старший брат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwēštak</w> (<w>γwyštk</w>)<note type="comment"> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwēštar</w> (<w>γwyštar</w>) <gloss><q>глава</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>старший</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наставник</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>учитель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwištart</w> (<w>xwšṯrṯ</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">οἱ
                ἄρχοντες</q></gloss></mentioned> = ос. <oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 230</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hvāṣṭa-</w>, <w>(Maralbaši) hveṣta-</w>
            <gloss><q>главный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>глава</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
            <biblScope>1942 X 599</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
            <biblScope>491</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The
              Khotanese Bhadracaryādeṣanā</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>,
            <date>1961</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="rus">стр. 61</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 61</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1933</biblScope>, <biblScope>стр. 44—60</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hvōīšta-</w><gloss><q>старший</q><note type="comment"> (по возрасту или
                положению)</note></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>
          относит сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>имя <hi rendition="#rend_bold">кушанского</hi> царя</gloss>
            <w>Haviṣka</w><gloss><q/></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">hvištaka-</w></note></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>имя другого кушанского царя</gloss>
            <w>Kaniṣka</w>
            <note type="comment">из <w type="rec">kaništaka-</w></note></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
            <biblScope>6—7</biblScope></bibl>). — От базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> могла существовать также форма сравн. степени <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvatara-</w></mentioned>; отсюда <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>xidīr</w> (м. род), <w>xidār</w> (ж. род) <gloss><q>старший</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><phr>xidār angix̌t </phr>
            <gloss><q>большой палец</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Слово характерно для
          восточноиранского ареала, и наличие его в Авесте может служить одним из указаний на
          восточноиранскую основу этого памятника. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>507</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The original Iranian model is <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-tara-</w></mentioned> (comparative degree from superlative!). The superlative
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-</w></mentioned> implies the positive
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hū-</w>
            <gloss><q>set in motion, put into action</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>sū-</w>, <w>suva-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
                <biblScope>1560 —1561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvašta-</w> meant, therefore, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">main figure</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the main participant in some action (for example, a
                cult one)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">spiritus
              inovens</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">senior (by position or
                by age)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><lang/>
            <w>xuški</w>, <w>xušči</w>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>senior</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><w>xušči-ё
              vrai</w>
            <gloss><q>older brother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwēštak</w> (<w>γwyštk</w>)<note type="comment"> (from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwēštar</w> (<w>γwyštar</w>) <gloss><q>chief</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>older</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mentor</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>teacher</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwištart</w> (<w>xwšṯrṯ</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">οἱ
                ἄρχοντες</q></gloss></mentioned> = Ossetic <oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 230</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hvāṣṭa-</w>, <w>(Maralbaši) hveṣta-</w>
            <gloss><q>main</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>chief</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
            <biblScope>1942 X 599</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
            <biblScope>491</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The
              Khotanese Bhadracaryādeṣanā</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>,
            <date>1961</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 61</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1933</biblScope>, <biblScope xml:lang="eng">pp. 44—60</biblScope></bibl>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hvōīšta-</w>
            <gloss><q>senior</q>
              <note type="comment"> (by age or position)</note></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> relates here also <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>the name of the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Kushan</hi> king</gloss>
            <w>Haviṣka</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">hvištaka-</w></note></mentioned>, likewise
            <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>the name of another Kushan king </gloss>
            <w>Kaniṣka</w>
            <note type="comment">from <w type="rec">kaništaka-</w></note></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
            <biblScope>6—7</biblScope></bibl>). — The base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> could have giben rise to another comparative form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvatara-</w></mentioned>; thence <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>xidīr</w> (masculine), <w>xidār</w> (feminine)
            <gloss><q>senior</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><phr>xidār angix̌t </phr>
            <gloss><q>thumb</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The word is typical of the Eastern Iranian
          area, and its presence in Avesta can serve as one of the indications of its Eastern
          Iranian source. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>507</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>