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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xælæg</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xælæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T213202+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d4494e66" type="lemma"><orth>xælæg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4494e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>зависть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>envy</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>завистливый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>envious</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>socʼa</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></ref>; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xicæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>xicæ</w></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>socʼa</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></ref>; cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xicæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>xicæ</w></ref></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>xælæg</oRef> kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">завидовать</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to envy</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>зариться</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>covet</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также </note>
                <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">также </note>
                <q>жалеть</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <note type="comment">also </note>
                <q>to save, spare</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xælæg</oRef> æm ærkast</quote>
                <tr xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ему стало жалко (отдать и т. п.)</q>
                </tr>
                <tr xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he became
                    <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231106T133141+0300" comment="?"?>reluctant<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                    (to give away etc.)</q>
                </tr>
              </example>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ arxajd, mæ tyxmæ læg kodta <oRef/></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">люди (<q>человек</q>) завидовали моей (умелой)
                работе, моей силе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">people (<q>the man</q>) envied my (skillful)
                work, my strength</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ḱysangomy æxsīntæ dæm <oRef/>
              kænʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">княгини Ксанского ущелья будут тебе
                завидовать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the princesses of the Ksan gorge will envy
                you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn dæ k’ūxæj mælæt ma <oRef>baxælæg</oRef>
              kæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не пожалей для меня смерти от твоей руки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not spare me the death from your hand</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ wynaffæjy styr q˳yddag kæm īs, ūm qwamæ
              alḱī dær jæ zond ma <oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kæna</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">так как на нашем совете стоит большое дело
                (важный вопрос), то пусть каждый не пожалеет своего ума (для его решения)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">since a large affair (important question) is at
                our council, may each of us not spare his intelligence (to resolve it)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ḱysylæj mæ zærondy bonmæ wyn mæ zond nīk˳y
                <oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kodton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с малолетства до старости я никогда не пожалел
                для вас своего ума</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from young age until old age I never spared my
                intelligence for you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…tyng <oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kodta ældary
              bajragmæ…; æxsæv æj x˳yssæg nal axsta fyr <oRef>xælægæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он сильно зарился на княжеского жеребенка; сон
                его не брал по ночам от зависти</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he strongly coveted the prince’s colt; sleep
                didn’t catch him at night due to envy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 88</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ægær zyd æmæ <oRef/> adæjmag wyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он был слишком жадный и завистливый человек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was too stingy and envious a man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1961</date>
              <biblScope>III 68</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> æmæ xælmagæj fæcær!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">живи в зависти и в струпьях!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">live in envy and in scabs!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">? бранное
                выражение</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">? expression of
              abuse</note></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Зависть</q> как психическая <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">боль</q> могла ассоциироваться с болью физической. Ср. в
          этом плане <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>soc’a</w>
            <gloss><q>зависть</q><note type="comment">, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">жжение</q></note></gloss></ref>. Поэтому нет препятствий, чтобы возводить <oRef/>
          к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaryaka-</w></mentioned> и сближать с
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xᵛara-</w>
            <gloss><q>рана</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда, далее, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>swero</w>
              <gloss><q>боль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Schwäre</w>
              <gloss><q>язва</q>, <q>нарыв</q> и пр.</gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1050</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Та же база <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-</w></mentioned> распознается в <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xʷāri</w>
            <gloss><q>оскорбление</q>, <q>унижение</q>, <q>угнетенное
            состояние</q></gloss></mentioned> и в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfxæryn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æfxæryn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfxwærun</w>
            <gloss><q>обижать</q> и пр.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
                <biblScope>117—118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xælmag</w></mentioned> | <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwælmag</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>струп</q></gloss></mentioned>. В сочетании <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>xælæg æmæ xælmag</phr></mentioned></mentioned>, быть может, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">просвечивает</q> старое, физическое значение слова
          <oRef/>, тогда следует переводить не <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зависть и
          струп</q>, а <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">язва и струп</q>. Не исключено, однако, что
            <c>x-</c> в <oRef/> — протетический. В этом случае <w type="rec">ælæg</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">alaka-</w></mentioned>) можно сблизить со <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>alъkati</w>
            <gloss><q>сильно желать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>alkanas</w>
            <gloss><q>голодный</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Envy</q> as psychological <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">pain</q> could be associated with physical pain. Cf. in
          this respect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>soc’a</w>
            <gloss><q>the envy</q><note type="comment">, literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">burning</q></note></gloss></ref>. There is thus no obstacle that prevents
          reconstruction <oRef/> as <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaryaka-</w></mentioned> and bringing it together with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xᵛara-</w>
            <gloss><q>a wound</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further cognates are <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>swero</w>
              <gloss><q>pain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Schwäre</w>
              <gloss><q>ulcer</q>, <q>abscess</q> etc.</gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1050</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The same stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-</w></mentioned> is recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xʷāri</w>
            <gloss><q>offense</q>, <q>humiliation</q>, <q>oppressed state</q></gloss></mentioned>
          and in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfxæryn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æfxæryn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfxwærun</w>
            <gloss><q>offend</q> etc.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
                <biblScope>117—118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xælmag</w></mentioned> | <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwælmag</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>scab</q></gloss></mentioned>. The combination <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>xælæg æmæ xælmag</phr></mentioned></mentioned> could reflect the
          older, physical meaning of the word <oRef/>; then it should be translated not as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">envy and scab</q>, but as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ulcer and scab</q>. It is not excluded, however, that the
            <c>x-</c> in <oRef/> is prothetic. In this case, <w type="rec">ælæg</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">alaka-</w></mentioned>) can be compared to <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>alъkati</w>
            <gloss><q>wish strongly</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>alkanas</w>
            <gloss><q>hungry</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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