<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">7fsīr</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_7fsīr" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d982e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆfsīr</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d982e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æfseræ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d982e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>колос</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>ear (botany)</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d982e82">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d982e84">
                        <quote>wæ x˳ymtæ ʒagæfsīr wænt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>да будут ваши нивы с полными колосьями!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>let your fields be with full ears!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d982e99">
                        <quote>æfsīræn jæ qædy arx yssadtoj jæ næmyǵīmæ æmæ hæūmæj fæcardysty afæʒæj
                            afæʒmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у колоса мололи стебель вместе с зерном и этим прожили в течение
                                года</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they ground the stalk of the ear together with the grain and due to
                                this they lived another year</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>53–54</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Считая, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fs</hi> восходит, как обычно, к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sp</hi>,
                    восстанавливаем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sper-</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spaira-</hi>. Такая основа действительно
                    прослеживается в некоторых индоевропейских языках со значением ‘острие’,
                    ‘остроконечная палка’, ‘стебель’ и пр. Особенно богато представлена в германских
                    языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e298" xml:id="mentioned_d982e121" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
                        <w>spir</w>
                        <gloss><q>длинный стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e306" xml:id="mentioned_d982e129" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                        <w>spire</w>
                        <gloss><q>шпиль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e137" xml:lang="en"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>горный пик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e311" xml:id="mentioned_d982e143" xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
                        <w>spīr</w>
                        <gloss><q>кончик ростка, побега, былинки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e319" xml:id="mentioned_d982e151" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e325" xml:id="mentioned_d982e158" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>шпиль на башне</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e332" xml:id="mentioned_d982e164" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
                        <w>spira</w>
                        <gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e340" xml:id="mentioned_d982e172" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
                        <w>spīra</w>
                        <gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e348" xml:id="mentioned_d982e180" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>отросток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e354" xml:id="mentioned_d982e186" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>палка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e360" xml:id="mentioned_d982e192" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>скипетр</q></gloss></mentioned>. Конечное <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-r(а)</hi> исторически
                    представляет формант; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e366" xml:id="mentioned_d982e199" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
                        <w>sphya-</w>
                        <gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e375" xml:id="mentioned_d982e207" xml:lang="sa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>палка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e381" xml:id="mentioned_d982e213" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                        <w>*spei-</w></mentioned>). С формантом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-n</hi> мы находим этот же корень в
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e386" xml:id="mentioned_d982e218" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>spīna</w>
                        <gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss></mentioned> и, вероятно, в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synʒ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sinʒæ</hi> ‘колючка’ (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fsinʒ-</hi> ←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spin-ti-</hi>); с формантом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e396" xml:id="mentioned_d982e228" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>spīca</w>
                        <gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантическая связь ‘колоса’ с
                    ‘острием’ поддерживается и другими языками; например, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e404" xml:id="mentioned_d982e237" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>στάχυς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*stegh-</hi> ‘быть
                            остроконечным’, ‘колоть’)</note>
                        <gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e415" xml:id="mentioned_d982e247" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>ahs</w>
                        <gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e423" xml:id="mentioned_d982e255" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>acus</w>
                        <gloss><q>игла</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e431" xml:id="mentioned_d982e263" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
                        <w>ušt</w>
                        <gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> при ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxst"/> ‘вертел’; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e441" xml:id="mentioned_d982e273" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>колос, колоть</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE
                    </note> Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sænæfsīr"/>
                            ‘виноград’.%n<bibl><author>Petersson</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1923 XIX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 4
                            сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Thinking that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fs</hi> usally traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sp</hi>, we trace the
                    word back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sper-</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spaira-</hi>. Such a stem can indeed be traced in
                    some Indo-European languages with the meaning ‘point’, ‘pointed stick’, ‘stem’,
                    etc. It is especially richly represented in Germanic languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e121" xml:id="mentioned_d982e298" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
                        <w>spir</w>
                        <gloss><q>long stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e129" xml:id="mentioned_d982e306" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                        <w>spire</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e143" xml:id="mentioned_d982e311" xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
                        <w>spīr</w>
                        <gloss><q>tip of sprout, shoot, blade</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e151" xml:id="mentioned_d982e319" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e158" xml:id="mentioned_d982e325" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>tower spire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e164" xml:id="mentioned_d982e332" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
                        <w>spira</w>
                        <gloss><q>stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e172" xml:id="mentioned_d982e340" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
                        <w>spīra</w>
                        <gloss><q>stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e180" xml:id="mentioned_d982e348" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>sprout</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e186" xml:id="mentioned_d982e354" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>stick</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e192" xml:id="mentioned_d982e360" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>sceptre</q></gloss></mentioned>. The final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-r(a)</hi> is
                    historically a formant; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e199" xml:id="mentioned_d982e366" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
                        <w>sphya-</w>
                        <gloss><q>chip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e207" xml:id="mentioned_d982e375" xml:lang="sa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>stick</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e213" xml:id="mentioned_d982e381" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                        <w>*spei-</w></mentioned>). With a formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-n</hi> we find the same root in
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e218" xml:id="mentioned_d982e386" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>spīna</w>
                        <gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss></mentioned> and probably in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synʒ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sinʒæ</hi> ‘thorn’ (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fsinʒ-</hi> ←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spin-ti-</hi>); with a formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e228" xml:id="mentioned_d982e396" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>spīca</w>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantic link between ‘ear’ and
                    ‘spike’ is supported by other languages as well; e.g., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e237" xml:id="mentioned_d982e404" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>στάχυς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
                            (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*stegh-</hi> ‘be pointed’, ‘prick’)</note>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e247" xml:id="mentioned_d982e415" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>ahs</w>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e255" xml:id="mentioned_d982e423" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>acus</w>
                        <gloss><q>needle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e263" xml:id="mentioned_d982e431" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
                        <w>ušt</w>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxst"/> ‘spit’; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e273" xml:id="mentioned_d982e441" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>kolos</w>
                        <gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e449" xml:lang="ru"><w>kolotʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>prick</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT
                        NOTE HERE </note> Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sænæfsīr"/>
                            ‘grapes’.%n<bibl><author>Petersson</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1923 XIX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 4
                        ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Созвучие <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsīr</hi> с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e474" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>afsīrne</w>
                        <gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></mentioned> следует считать случайным.</note>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The consonance of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsīr</hi> and <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e485" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>afsīrne</w>
                        <gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></mentioned> should be considered
                    accidental.</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>