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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmbal</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_æmbal" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T113312+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3936e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmbal</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3936e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æmbal</orth>
                    <form xml:id="form_d3936e71" type="variant"><orth>ænbal</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3936e74">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3936e75">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>товарищ</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>comrade</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3936e84">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>спутник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>companion</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3936e94">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e96">
                        <quote>Cyppū zaǧta je <oRef>’mbælttæn</oRef>…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Цыппу сказал своим товарищам…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Cyppu said to his companions…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 142</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e115">
                        <quote><oRef>æmbælttæ</oRef> jæm q˳ystoj æncad</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>товарищи слушали его безмолвно</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>comrades listened to him without speaking</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 145</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e134">
                        <quote>lægtæj īw razyndī Salajæn jæxī <oRef>æmbal</oRef> abyræg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>из мужчин один оказался товарищем-абреком самого Сала</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>one of the men turned out to be an <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abyræg"><foreign>abrek</foreign></ref> comrade of
                                Sala himself</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>III 156</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e153">
                        <quote>X˳ycawæj būznyg, axæm æmbal k˳y wa</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>благодарение Богу иметь такого товарища</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>thank God to have such a friend</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
                            <biblScope>I 50</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e172" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>æncæ mænæn ærmæst <oRef>æmbal</oRef> mæ tōpp, mæ kard æma mæ
                            bæx</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>мои единственные товарищи — мое ружье, сабля и конь</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>my only companions are my gun, saber and horse</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
                            <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e195">
                        <quote>xonyn <oRef>æmbalæn</oRef> næ fydbylyz memæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в качестве товарища я зову с собой нашу беду</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>as a comrade I call my misfortune with me</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e214" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>rajston dungi <oRef>æmbalæn</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>товарищем я взял себе ветер</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I took the wind as my companion</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
                            <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e236" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>kæræʒemæn <oRef>ænbaltæn</oRef> cæmæn næ bæztæncæ?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>почему бы им не годиться друг другу в товарищи?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>why can they not be comrades to each other?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
                            <biblScope>8%l16%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w>æm-bal</w>, где <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> —
                    префикс (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e312" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e263" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>), а <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"><w>bal</w>
                        — <gloss><q>группа или партия, находящаяся в военном
                        походе</q></gloss></ref> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"><w>balxon</w></ref>), первоначально <gloss><q>товарищ по
                        походу</q></gloss>;<note type="footnote">С распространенным на переднем
                        Востоке
                            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T105213+0300" comment="check in printed book"?><w>ambal</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
                            <w>amal</w>, <w>hamal</w> (из <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3936e275" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
                            <w>hamāl</w>
                            <gloss><q>рабочий</q></gloss></mentioned>) <lang xml:lang="os"/>
                        <oRef>æmbal</oRef> ничего общего не имеет, вопреки
                                <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
                            <biblScope>43</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> по составу и значению близко к
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e327" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e287" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>со-ратник</w></mentioned>. Слово <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmbal</oRef>
                    | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef> дважды засвидетельствовано в аланскую
                    эпоху в качестве собственного имени: в русских летописях и в осетинской
                    (аланской) надписи с р. Зеленчук. Из летописи мы узнаем, что у князя Андрея
                    Боголюбского служил ключником ясин (осетин) <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Анбалъ</w></mentioned>, который в 1175 г. участвовал в убийстве
                    князя. В зеленчукской надмогильной надписи (X—XII в.) в числе погребенных
                    называются <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Παχαθα[ρ]η φουρτ Ανπαλαν</phr>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Бакатара сын
                                    <foreign>Анбалан</foreign></q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Α[ν]παλανη φουρτ Λακ</phr>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>Анбалана</foreign> сын
                                Лаг</q></gloss></mentioned>. Форма <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>Anbalan</w>
                        <note type="comment">(современное <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ænbalon</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> есть усиление
                    слова <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef>
                    <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><gloss>суффиксом</gloss>
                        <m>-аn</m>
                        <note type="comment">(современное <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Такая форма вполне
                    могла существовать как в качестве собственного имени, так и нарицательно (ср.
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmzærdion</w>
                        <note type="comment">рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæ"><w>æmzærdæ</w>
                                <gloss><q>единодушный</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned> и т. п.).
                    Таким образом в историю нашего слова мы с полным правом вносим и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e294" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
                        <w>ανπαλ </w> (<w>*ænbal</w>) <gloss><q>товарищ</q></gloss></mentioned>.
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>Известная в Осетии фамилия</gloss>
                        <w>Æmbaltæ</w>
                        <gloss><q>Амбаловы</q></gloss></mentioned> также предполагает существование
                    собственного имени <oRef>Æmbal</oRef>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>42, 262, 266</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">From <w>æm-bal</w>, where<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> is
                    a prefix (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e312" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>) and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"><w>bal</w>
                        is <gloss><q>a group or party in a military campaign</q></gloss></ref> (cf.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"><w>balxon</w></ref>), originally
                            <gloss><q>comrade in a military campaign</q></gloss>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
                        <oRef>æmbal</oRef> has no relation to the word <w>ambal</w>, <w>amal</w>,
                            <w>hamal</w> common in Western Asia (from <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3936e354" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
                            <w>hamāl</w>
                            <gloss><q>worker</q></gloss></mentioned>, pace
                                <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
                            <biblScope>43</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> in its form and meaning the
                    word resembles <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e287" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e327" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>so-ratnik</w>
                        <gloss><q>comrade-in-arms</q></gloss> (<gloss>lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">co-warrior</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.
                    The word <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmbal</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal </oRef> has been twice attested in the Alan era as a proper name — in
                    Russian chronicles and in the Ossetic (Alanic) inscription from the river
                    Zelenchuk. From the chronicles we learn that Prince
                    <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T112202+0300" comment="sometimes called Andrew I (of Bogolyubovo), but this name seems more widespread in the academic literature"?>Andrey
                    Bogolyubsky<?oxy_comment_end ?> had a Jassic (Alan) key keeper named <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Anbalъ</w></mentioned>, who participated in the murder of
                    the prince in 1174. The Zelenchuk gravestone inscription (10th-12th cc.), among
                    other names of buried people, refers to <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Πακαθα[ρ]η φουρτ Ανπαλαν</phr>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>Anbalan</foreign> son of
                                Bakatar</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Α[ν]παλανη φουρτ Λακ</phr>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Lag son of
                                    <foreign>Anbalan</foreign></q></gloss></mentioned>. The form
                        <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>Anbalan</w>
                        <note type="comment">(modern <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ænbalon</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> is an emphatic
                    derivate of <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef> with the <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><gloss>suffix</gloss>
                        <m>-аn</m>
                        <note type="comment">(modern <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Such a from could have
                    existed both as a proper name and as a common noun (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmzærdion</w>
                        <note type="comment">alongside <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæ"><w>æmzærdæ</w>
                                <gloss><q>unanimous</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned> etc.). Thus
                    we have all reason to include <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e294" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e337" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
                        <w>ανπαλ </w> (<w>*ænbal</w>) <gloss><q>companion</q></gloss></mentioned> in
                    the history of this word. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>The well-known
                            Ossetian family name</gloss>
                        <w>Æmbaltæ</w></mentioned> also presupposes the existence of
                        <oRef>Æmbal</oRef> as a proper name.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>42, 262, 266</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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