<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x˳yn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_x0yn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d793e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>x˳yn</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xunæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d793e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>подарок</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>gift</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>подношение</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>offering</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>приношение</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>oblation</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (обычно в форме съестного)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (usually something edible)</note>
        </sense>
        <sense xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <usg><lang/></usg>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>доля (кусок съестного), преподносимая одним другому</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>a part (a piece of food) presented to someone else</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> = <lang>и.</lang>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> = <lang>Iron</lang>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/></note>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>x˳ynʒaw</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">несущий подношение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bearer of offering</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tamar <oRef>x˳yn</oRef> yscættæ kodta, xærd,
              nywæzt, daræstæ, xaynæn cy q˳ydī, æppæt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тамара приготовила подношение, еду, питье,
                одежду, все, что полагается для подарка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tamara prepared an offering, food, drink,
                clothes, everything that is needed for a gift</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">syxag qæwtæj (wazǵyty) ḱī jæxīmæ x˳ydta, ḱī
              syn <oRef>x˳yntæ</oRef> xasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из соседних аулов кто звал (гостей) к себе, кто
                приносил им подношения</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from neighboring villages who called guests to
                him, who brought them offerings</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adon æppæt (xærd æmæ nozt) myn fervystoj
              Narty styr k˳yvdtæj x˳yntæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все это (еду и пи- тье) присылали мне в виде
                приношений с больших нартовских пиров</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">all this (food and drink) was sent to me in the
                form of offerings from large Nart feasts</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Oræzmæg æ kardi fijbæl ew <oRef>xunæ</oRef>
              isista, ma ʒoruj biccewmæ: ærwajæ, mæ xor, mæ xunæ raxwæræ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Оразмаг взял на кончике своего ножа один
                кусочек и говорит мальчику: <q>подойди, мое солнышко, поешь мое подношение</q></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Oræzmæg took one piece on the tip of his knife
                and said to the boy: <q>come, my sun, eat my offering</q></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xuntæj</oRef> mæmæ ka cudæj, oni
              ærænburd kodton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я собрала то, что приходило ко мне в виде
                подношений</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I collected what came to me in the form of
                offerings</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ xunæ win!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от меня вам кусок!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a piece from me!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (= <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                <phr><w>mæ</w>
                  <w>xaj</w>
                  <w>wyn</w>!</phr></mentioned>)</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (= <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                <phr><w>mæ</w>
                  <w>xaj</w>
                  <w>wyn</w>!</phr></mentioned>)</note>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Глухие фрикативы новоиранских языков восходят в некоторых случаях к
          звонким придыхательным: <c>f</c> к <c>bh</c> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"/>),
            <c>θ</c> к <c>dh</c> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tīn"/>), <c>x</c> к <c>gh</c>
          (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ylf"/>). Стало быть, <oRef/> | <oRef>xunæ</oRef>
          можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>ghabh-no-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">xafna-</w></mentioned>. В свою очередь, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">xafna-</w></mentioned> закономерно дало <oRef/>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:id="mentioned_d5990e603" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">rafna</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ryn"/>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">tafna-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyn_2"/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hvafna-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyn"/>. Индоевропейская база
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ghabh-</w></mentioned> в большинстве языков означает
              <gloss><q>брать</q></gloss> и только в германских <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss>:
            <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>giban</w> : <w>gaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>gefa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>geban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>geben</w>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss>, <w>Gabe</w>
            <gloss><q>подарок</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss> для
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ghabh-</w></mentioned>
          <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"><name>Pokorny</name></ref>
            <biblScope>(408)</biblScope></bibl> характеризует как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">germ. Neuschöpfung</q>. Если наша этимология верна, то надо говорить о <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">skytho-germanische Neuschöpfung</q>. —
              <bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>124—125</biblScope>)</bibl> связывает <oRef/> c <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xonyn"><w>xonyn</w>
            <gloss><q>звать</q>, <q>приглашать</q></gloss></ref>. Однако от <q>приглашения</q> к
            <q>подарку</q> дистанция слишком велика. Можно было бы говорить и о возможности
          заимствования из <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwān</w>, <w>xān</w>
            <gloss><q>скатерть</q>, <q>(накрытый) стол</q></gloss></mentioned>. Это слово
          распознается и в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>xwʼnyzdʼn</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tisch der Götter</q></gloss></mentioned>, d. i.
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">der festlich. geschmückte Tisch, an dem die
              Elekten täglich ihre feierliche Mahlzeit halten</q></quote>
              (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
            <biblScope>XIV 501<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">750</hi></biblScope></bibl>). Однако
          от <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xwān</w></mentioned> (с долгим <c>ā</c>!) ожидали бы
            <lang>oc.</lang>
          <w type="rec">xon</w>, а не <oRef/> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xonyn"/>). Кроме
          того, неясно, каким путем <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwān</w></mentioned> могло попасть в осетинский.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The voiceless fricatives of the New Iranian languages in some cases go
          back to voiced aspirated: <c>f</c> to <c>bh</c> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"/>), <c>θ</c> to <c>dh</c> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tīn"/>), <c>x</c> to
            <c>gh</c> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ylf"/>). Therefore, <oRef/> |
            <oRef>xunæ</oRef> could go back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>ghabh-no-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">xafna-</w></mentioned>. In its turn, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">xafna-</w></mentioned> regularly gave <oRef/>, like <w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">rafna</w> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ryn"/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">tafna-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyn_2"/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5990e917" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hvafna-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyn"/>. Indo-European stem
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ghabh-</w></mentioned> means in most languages
              <gloss><q>take</q></gloss> and only in Germanic <gloss><q>give</q></gloss>: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>giban</w> : <w>gaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>gefa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>geban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>geben</w>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss>, <w>Gabe</w>
            <gloss><q>gift</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <gloss><q>give</q></gloss> for
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ghabh-</w></mentioned>
          <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"><name>Pokorny</name></ref>
            <biblScope>(408)</biblScope></bibl> characterizes as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">germ. Neuschöpfung</q>. If our etymology is correct, then we must speak of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">skytho-germanische Neuschöpfung</q>. —
              <bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>124—125</biblScope>)</bibl> connects <oRef/> with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xonyn"><w>xonyn</w>
            <gloss><q>call</q>, <q>invite</q></gloss></ref>. However, the distance from
            <q>invitation</q> to <q>gift</q> is too long. One could also talk about the possibility
          of borrowing from <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwān</w>, <w>xān</w>
            <gloss><q>tablecloth</q>, <q>(set) table</q></gloss></mentioned>. This word is also
          attested in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>xwʼnyzdʼn</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tisch der Götter</q></gloss></mentioned>, d. i.
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">der festlich. geschmückte Tisch, an dem die
              Elekten täglich ihre feierliche Mahlzeit halten</q></quote>
              (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
            <biblScope>XIV 501<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">750</hi></biblScope></bibl>). However,
          from <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xwān</w></mentioned> (with the long <c>ā</c>!) one would
          expect <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <w type="rec">xon</w>, and not <oRef/> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xonyn"/>).
          Moreover, it is not clear how <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwān</w></mentioned> could get into the Ossetic.</etym>
      </entry>
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