<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæzgūl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæzgūl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5484e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæzgūl</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæzgol</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5484e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>любовник</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>lover</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>любовница</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>mistress</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæzgūldar</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæzgoldar</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто имеет любовника (любовницу)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">having a lover (mistress)</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; син. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>īskæj læg</phr>
                <gloss><q>любовник</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чужой
                    муж</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr> īskæj ūs</phr>
                <gloss><q>любовница</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чужая
                    жена</q></gloss>)</mentioned>; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"/></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; syn. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>īskæj læg</phr>
                <gloss><q>lover</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">someone elseʼs
                    husband</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr> īskæj ūs</phr>
                <gloss><q>mistress</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">someone
                    elseʼs wife</q></gloss>)</mentioned>; see also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"/></note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn Tynty kalaḱy <oRef>xæzgūl</oRef> wydī;
              (ysfænd kodton:) æz mæ īskæj ūsy k˳y næ baskaron, wæd æj næ nywwaʒʒynæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у меня в городе Тынт была любовница; (я решил:)
                я мою любовницу, не проведав, не оставлю</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I had a mistress in the city of Tynt; (I
                decided:) I won’t leave my mistress without visiting</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz cæwynmæ systadī, fælæ jyn jæ
                <oRef>xæzgūl</oRef> waty bambæxsta jæ gærztæ, j æ topp, jæ kard, jæ wart</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батраз встал, чтобы отправиться, по любовница
                спрятала в спальне его доспехи, ружье, меч, щит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batradz got up to go, but his mistress hid his
                armor, gun, sword, shield in the bedroom</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oj bavdistæj
              <oRef>xæzgoldarbæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее ославили как имеющую любовника</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she was denounced as having a lover</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, из <w type="rec">xærz-kūr</w>
          <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">испрашивающий <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūr</w></ref>)</note> (для другого) доброе <note type="comment">(<c>xærz</c> ← <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorz"/>)</note></q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">доброжелатель</q>. Глагол <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūr-</w></ref> имел значение <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">магически испрашивать</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūryn</w></ref>). Отсюда, с одной стороны, <w type="rec">xærz-kūr</w> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæzgūl</w>
            <gloss><q>доброжелатель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>друг</q></gloss></mentioned>, с другой —
            <w type="rec">fyd-kūr</w> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"><w>fydgūl</w>
            <gloss><q>недоброжелатель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>недруг</q></gloss></ref>. Ср. по
          образованию и значению <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šīr-xwazāk</w> (<w>šyrywzʼk</w>) <gloss><q>друг</q></gloss></mentioned> из
            <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sȳr</w>
            <gloss><q>добрый</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ywz-</w>
            <gloss><q>просить</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>273</biblScope></bibl>). Если так, то в семантике <oRef>xæzgūl</oRef> не было
          первоначально ничего сексуального, слово означало просто <q>друг</q>. Такое же развитие
          значения (<q>друг</q> → <q>любовник</q>, <q>любовница</q>) находим в слове <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"/>. Из аланского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>хазол</w>
            <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">xazγol</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>любовник</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
                <biblScope>IV 541</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"><w>fydgūl</w></ref>.<note type="footnote">Переходу <c>-gur</c> →
              <c>-gũl</c> могла содействовать контаминация с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>säugüli</w>
              <gloss><q>друг</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>любовник</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
                    (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
                  <biblScope>III 302</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note><lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>584</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Probably from <w type="rec">xærz-kūr</w>
          <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">asking <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūr</w></ref>)</note> for good <note type="comment">(<c>xærz</c> ← <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorz"/>)</note> (for someone else)</q>
          = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">well-wisher</q>. The verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūr-</w></ref> had a meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">magically ask</q> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"><w>kūryn</w></ref>). Hence,
          on the one hand, <w type="rec">xærz-kūr</w> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæzgūl</w>
            <gloss><q>well-wisher</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>friend</q></gloss></mentioned>, and, on the
          other, <w type="rec">fyd-kūr</w> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"><w>fydgūl</w>
            <gloss><q>ill-wisher</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss></ref>. Derivationally and
          semantically, compare to <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šīr-xwazāk</w> (<w>šyrywzʼk</w>) <gloss><q>friend</q></gloss></mentioned>
          from <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sȳr</w>
            <gloss><q>kind</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ywz-</w>
            <gloss><q>ask</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>273</biblScope></bibl>). If so, then the semantics <oRef>xæzgūl</oRef> did
          not contain anything sexual originally, the word simply meant <q>friend</q>. The same
          semantic development (<q>friend</q> → <q>lover</q>, <q>mistress</q>) can be found in the
          word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"/>. Perhaps, Alanian gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>xazol</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">xazγol</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>lover</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
                <biblScope>IV 541</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"><w>fydgūl</w></ref>.<note type="footnote">The shift <c>-gur</c> →
              <c>-gũl</c> can be supported by the contamination with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>säugüli</w>
              <gloss><q>friend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lover</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
                    (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
                  <biblScope>III 302</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note><lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>584</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>