<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæræf</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_kæræf" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
                <form xml:id="form_d5149e66" type="lemma"><orth>kæræf</orth></form>
                <usg><lang/></usg>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5149e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жадный</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>greedy</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>алчный</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>avid</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e91"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жадность</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>greed</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d5149e101">
                    <form xml:id="form_d5149e103" type="lemma"><orth>zyd æmæ kæræf</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5149e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жадный и алчный</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>greedy and avid</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5149e117">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5149e119">
                        <quote>sæ zyd æmæ sæ kæræfæn æmbal kæm wydī</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>их алчности не было равных</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they had no equal in greed</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5149e138">
                        <quote>kæræf læg wydī Farizety fyd, styr iræd bafīdynqom læg ysʒyrdta īwgær
                            jæ ḱyzgyl, wæd kom radta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жадный был человек отец Фаризет, как только за его дочь посватался
                                человек, способный уплатить большой калым, он согласился</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Farizet's father was a greedy man. As soon as a man who was able to
                                pay a big bride price proposed to his daughter, he agreed.</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Сближаем с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e310" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e161" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>karapan-</w></mentioned>; речь шла, как мы думаем, о поносительной кличке
                    — ‘жадный’, ‘обжора’, — понятной в устах Зороастра, боровшегося против
                    разорительных жертвоприношений скотом, которые практиковались жадными
                    „карапанами“; сюда же, далее, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e315" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e166" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>xrafstra</w>
                        <gloss><q>хищник</q></gloss></mentioned>, применяется к животным и людям (из
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k(a)rap-stra-</hi>).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Ср.
                    также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e326" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e177" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                        <w>karaf</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e331" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e182" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
                        <w>karapčuk</w>
                        <gloss><q>вор</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Труды Тадж. базы АН
                            СССР III 49</biblScope></bibl>). Отсюда в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русских</hi> говорах <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e343" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e194" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>карабча</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e348" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e199" xml:lang="ru"><w>карабчук</w>
                        <gloss><q>воришка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e205" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>хапала</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e375" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e211" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>взяточник</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e369" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e221" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>карапчать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e375" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e226" xml:lang="ru"><w>карабчить</w>
                        <gloss><q>красть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e232" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>стащить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e238" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>брать взятки</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e393" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e251" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>krpuk</w>
                        <gloss><q>глодать</q></gloss></mentioned> (сообщение Т. Н. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Пахалиной</hi>).
                    Речь идет, по-видимому, о весьма древнем индоевропейском слове: ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e402" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e259" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
                        <w>karāp-</w>
                        <gloss><q>есть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e410" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e267" xml:lang="hit"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>пожирать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e416" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e273" xml:lang="hit"><w>karp-</w>
                        <gloss><q>собирать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e422" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e279" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>carpo</w>
                        <gloss><q>рву</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., может быть <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e287" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>черпать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e435" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e293" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
                        <w>črepati</w>
                        <gloss><q>жадно хлебать, пить</q></gloss></mentioned>’ и др. — Вариацией
                    этого слова является <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV
                        53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">We relate it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e161" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e310" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>karapan-</w></mentioned>; as we believe, it is an abusive nickname —
                    ‘greedy person’, ‘overeater’. It is natural that Zoroaster used it, since he
                    fought against devastating cattle sacrifices practiced by greedy “carapans”; it
                    is further related to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e166" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e315" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>xrafstra</w>
                        <gloss><q>predator</q></gloss></mentioned>, it is said about both animals
                    and people (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k(a)rap-stra-</hi>).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE
                    </note> Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e177" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e326" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                        <w>karaf</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e182" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e331" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
                        <w>karapčuk</w>
                        <gloss><q>thief</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Proceedings of the
                            Tajik department of the Soviet Academy of Sciences III
                        49</biblScope></bibl>). In <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> dialects the following words
                    connected to it are attested: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e194" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e343" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>karabča</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e199" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e348" xml:lang="ru"><w>karabčuk</w>
                        <gloss><q>petty thief</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e205" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e354" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>bribe taker</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e211" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e363" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>karapčatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e221" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e369" xml:lang="ru"><w>karabčitʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>to steal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e211" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e375" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>to pilfer</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e232" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e381" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>to take bribes</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e393" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>krpuk</w>
                        <gloss><q>to gnaw</q></gloss></mentioned> (T. N. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pakhalina</hi>, p.c.).
                    Apparently it is a rather old Indo-European word: cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e259" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e402" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
                        <w>karāp-</w>
                        <gloss><q>to eat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e267" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e410" xml:lang="hit"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>to devour</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e273" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e416" xml:lang="hit"><w>karp-</w>
                        <gloss><q>to collect</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e279" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e422" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>carpo</w>
                        <gloss><q>I am tearing (to pieces)</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., maybe
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e238" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e430" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>čerpatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e293" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e435" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
                        <w>črepati</w>
                        <gloss><q>to sup, to drink greedily</q></gloss></mentioned>’ etc. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/> is a variation of this word.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV
                        53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Неубедительно разъяснение
                    <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>’a (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/><biblScope>А 621</biblScope></bibl>), согласно которому <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e457" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>xrafstra-</w></mentioned>представляет диссимиляцию из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*frafstra-</hi> ←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-pt-tra-</hi>.</note>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The explanation of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/><biblScope>А
                            621</biblScope></bibl>) is unconvincing. He argues that <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e469" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>xrafstra-</w></mentioned> is a dissimilation from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*frafstra-</hi> ←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-pt-tra-</hi>.</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>