<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">raddyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_raddyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5482e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>raddyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d5482e70" type="participle"><orth>rard</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d5482e73" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>raddun</orth><form xml:id="form_d5482e75" type="participle"><orth>læværd</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5482e78"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>дать</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220306T125556+0300" comment="тут &quot;дать&quot;, а в dæddyn &quot;давать&quot;…"?>give<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; выражая совершенный вид, употребляется только в
          прошедшем и будущем времени, форм настоящего времени не имеет; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæddyn"><w>dæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></ref>
        </note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; expresses the perfective aspect and is used only in
          past and future tenses; has no present tense forms; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæddyn"><w>dæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5482e109">
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e111">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒyrd X˳ycawy raz <oRef>radta</oRef>
              īnnæmæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед Богом она дала слово другому</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she gave her word to another before God</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e136">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>raddoj</oRef> sæ kʼūxtæ
              kæræʒīmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они подали друг другу руки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they held out their hands to each other</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e160">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>raddæd</oRef> nyn ænūsy koj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть даст нам вечную славу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may he give us the eternal glory</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e184">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(cwanættæ) nyqqær kodtoj: <oRef>radd</oRef>
              nyn, Æfsati!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(охотники) воскликнули: подай нам, Афсати!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the hunters) exclaimed: give us, Afsati!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from a song about Afsati, the god of hunting;
                <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e210">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adon se ʽppæt dyn <oRef>radʒynæn</oRef>, kæd
              ærxawaj æmæ myn bakūvaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все это дам тебе, если падши поклонишься
                мне</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt
                fall down and worship me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e239" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ zærond fidi cæmæj fæddaraj, he oj fagæ din
              mizd ku <oRef>radʒænæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я дам тебе плату достаточную, чтобы ты
                прокормил своего старого отца</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will pay you enough to feed your old
                father</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e266">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ <oRef>rard</oRef> dær ysxwystæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда она мне (что-нибудь) давала, то с
                пинком</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when she gave me (something), it was with a
                kick</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ею данное — с пинком</q></note>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220306T130005+0300" comment="тут два tr без запятой"?>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">given by her — with a kick</q></note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e303">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kūrūt æmæ wyn <oRef>rardæ</oRef> wa</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">просите, и дано будет вам</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ask, and it shall be given you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru"><hi rendition="#rend_italic">7</hi> 7, Ялг.</biblScope>
              <biblScope xml:lang="en"><hi rendition="#rend_italic">7</hi> 7, Yalguzidze
                translation</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5482e335">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īst ærcæwʒæn X˳ycawy padcaxad smaxæj æmæ
                <oRef>rard</oRef> wyʒæn adæmæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отнимется от вас Царство Божие и дано будет
                народу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and
                given to a nation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru"><hi rendition="#rend_italic">21</hi> 43,
                Ялг.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en"><hi rendition="#rend_italic">21</hi> 43,
                Yalguzidze translation</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Гемината <c>-dd-</c> возникает иногда из <c>-nd-</c> по ассимиляции:
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæddyn"><w>bæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>вязать</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e683" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e380" xml:lang="ira"><m>band-</m></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæddyn"><w>sæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>ломать</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e693" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e390" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sand-</m></mentioned>.
          Естественно поэтому возводить <oRef>raddyn</oRef> к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e699" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e396" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">rand-</m></mentioned> и сблизить с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e703" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e400" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>rand-: ratt</w>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                <biblScope>II 477</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
                <biblScope>II 199</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. На деле все оказывается не
          так просто. В дигорском начальный слог <c>ra-</c> вне всякого сомнения мыслится как
          преверб <m>ra-</m> и может отделяться, например: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d5482e426" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ kizgæ min raddæ osæn! —
              ra-din-æj-ædʒænæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дай мне свою дочь в жены! — я дам ее тебе</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. Судя по этим примерам, мы имеем дело с превербным глаголом <w>ra-æddun</w> ←
            <w>ra-dæd-dun</w> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e750" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e447" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>frā-dadāmi</w>
            <gloss><q>я даю</q></gloss></mentioned>). В пользу того, что <c>ra-</c> мыслится здесь
          как преверб, говорит и устойчивая перфективная семантика глагола <oRef>raddyn</oRef>:
          именно превербные формы получают в осетинском перфективное значение (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 105</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>54–68</biblScope></bibl>). Не исключено, однако, что трактовка начального
            <c>ra-</c> как преверба — результат позднейшего переосмысления и что глагол следует все
          же возводить к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e775" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e472" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">rad-</m>, <m type="rec">rand-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e784" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e481" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">radh-</m>, <m type="rec">randh-</m>
            <gloss><q>быть во власти</q></gloss>, в каузативе <gloss><q>отдавать во
              власть</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e799" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e496" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>radh-</m>, <w>randhāyati</w>
            <gloss><q>отдавать во власть</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, в этом случае, упомянутое
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e810" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e507" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>rand-</m>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Приняв эту этимологию, легче объяснить и форму
          прош. причастия <oRef>rard</oRef>. Вывести ее из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e820" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e517" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frā-dāta-</m></mentioned> или
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e824" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e521" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">rāta-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(от корня <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e830" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e527" xml:lang="ira"><m>rā-</m>
                <gloss><q>дарить</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1518</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> невозможно. Созвучие
            <oRef>rard</oRef> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e844" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e541" xml:lang="xtq"><lang/>
            <m>rorda-</m>
            <gloss><q>данный</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">((<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e854" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e551" xml:lang="kho"><m>a-rorda-</m>
                <gloss><q>не данный</q></gloss></mentioned>))</note></mentioned> обманчиво: сак.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e863" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e559" xml:lang="xtq"><w>rorda</w></mentioned> восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e869" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e562" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-bṛta-</m></mentioned>
              (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
            <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>), что в осетинском закономерно дало <w>læværd</w>, см.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læværdton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lævar"/>. Но
            <oRef>rard</oRef> может восходить к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e889" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e582" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">raddha-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e895" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e588" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m>razda-</m></mentioned> с последующим переходом <m type="rec">razd-</m> → <w>rard</w>
            (<c>-rd-</c> из <c>-zd-</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærdæs"><w>æxsærdæs</w>
            <gloss><q>шестнадцать</q></gloss></ref> из <w type="rec">æxsæzdæs</w>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e919" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e612" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>razda</w>
            <gloss><q>утомленный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>выбившийся из сил</q></gloss></mentioned>;
          для развития значения <q>давать</q> — <q>выбиваться из сил</q> ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e935" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e628" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>сдать</w> в смысле <gloss><q>ослабеть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>похудеть</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>обессилеть</q></gloss></mentioned> или <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e949" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e642" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>give</w>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e954" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e650" xml:lang="en"><w>give out</w>
            <gloss><q>иссякнуть (о силах)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>выбиться из
            сил</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вероятность, что <oRef>rard</oRef> отражает формы с
          удвоением от <c>ra-</c> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e962" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e663" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
            <m>rara-</m>, <w>raridhvam</w></mentioned>), минимальна.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A geminate consonant <c>-dd-</c> sometimes arises from <c>-nd-</c> by
          assimilation: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæddyn"><w>bæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>knit</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e380" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e683" xml:lang="ira"><m>band-</m></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæddyn"><w>sæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>break</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e390" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e693" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sand-</m></mentioned>. Therefore, it is natural to trace <oRef>raddyn</oRef> back to
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e396" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e699" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">rand-</m></mentioned> and bring it together with
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e400" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e703" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>rand-: ratt</w>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                <biblScope>II 477</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
                <biblScope>II 199</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In fact, everything is not
          so simple. In Digor, the initial syllable <c>ra-</c> is undoubtedly conceived as the
          preverb <m>ra-</m> and can be separated, for example: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d5482e729" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ kizgæ min raddæ osæn! —
              ra-din-æj-ædʒænæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">give me your daughter in marriage! — I will
                give her to you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. Judging by these examples, we are dealing with a preverb verb <w>ra-æddun</w>
          ← <w>ra-dæd-dun</w> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e447" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e750" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>frā-dadāmi</w>
            <gloss><q>I give</q></gloss></mentioned>). Stable perfective semantics of the verb
            <oRef>raddyn</oRef> speaks in favour of the fact that <c>ra-</c> is conceived here as a
          preverb: it is the preverb forms that receive the perfective meaning in Ossetic
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 105</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>54–68</biblScope></bibl>). It is possible, however, that the interpretation
          of the initial <c>ra-</c> as a preverb is a result the result of a later reanalysis and
          that the verb should still be traced back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e472" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e775" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">rad-</m>, <m type="rec">rand-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e481" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e784" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">radh-</m>, <m type="rec">randh-</m>
            <gloss><q>be in power</q></gloss>, causative <gloss><q>give into
            power</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e496" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e799" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>radh-</m>, <w>randhāyati</w>
            <gloss><q>give into power</q></gloss></mentioned>. In this case, the mentioned
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e507" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e810" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>rand-</m>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss></mentioned> is related to it as well. If one accepts this
          etymology, it is easier to explain the past participle form <oRef>rard</oRef>. It is
          impossible to derive it from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e517" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e820" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frā-dāta-</m></mentioned> or <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e521" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e824" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">rāta-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(of the stem <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e527" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e830" xml:lang="ira"><m>rā-</m>
                <gloss><q>present</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1518</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The similarity between
            <oRef>rard</oRef> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e541" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e844" xml:lang="xtq"><lang/>
            <m>rorda-</m>
            <gloss><q>given</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e551" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e854" xml:lang="kho"><m>a-rorda-</m>
                <gloss><q>not given</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> is deceptive:
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20220718T230508+0300" comment="какой язык? сак. или сак. тумшук? в тексте &quot;сак&quot;"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e559" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e863" xml:lang="xtq"><lang/>
            <w>rorda</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e562" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e869" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-bṛta-</m></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
            <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>), which in Ossetic resulted in <w>læværd</w>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læværdton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lævar"/>. However,
            <oRef>rard</oRef> can trace back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e582" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e889" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">raddha-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e588" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e895" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m>razda-</m></mentioned> followed by the transition <m type="rec">razd-</m> →
            <w>rard</w> (<c>-rd-</c> from <c>-zd-</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærdæs"><w>æxsærdæs</w>
            <gloss><q>sixteen</q></gloss></ref> from <w type="rec">æxsæzdæs</w>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e612" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e919" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>razda</w>
            <gloss><q>tired</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>exhausted</q></gloss></mentioned>; as for the
          development of the meaning <q>give</q> — <q>be exhausted</q> cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e628" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e935" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>sdatʼ</w> in the meaning <gloss><q>weaken</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lose
              weight</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>become weak</q></gloss></mentioned> or <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e642" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e949" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>give</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e650" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e954" xml:lang="en"><w>give out</w></mentioned>. The
          possibility that <oRef>rard</oRef> reflects forms with a doubling of <c>ra-</c>
            (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5482e663" xml:id="mentioned_d5482e962" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
            <m>rara-</m>, <w>raridhvam</w></mentioned>) is minimal.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>