<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæbær</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_qæbær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2771e66" type="lemma"><orth>qæbær</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2771e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d2771e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>твердый</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>solid</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2771e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>жесткий</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hard</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2771e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сильный</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>strong</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d2771e98">
          <form xml:id="form_d2771e100" type="lemma"><orth>qæbær kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2771e103"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твердеть</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">harden</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælmæn"><w>fælmæn</w>
            <q>мягкий</q></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælmæn"><w>fælmæn</w>
            <q>soft</q></ref></note>
        <re xml:id="re_d2771e131">
          <form xml:id="form_d2771e133" type="lemma"><orth>qæbærvad</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2771e136"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">закаленный</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hardened</q>
            </tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердоногий</q>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">solid-legged</q>)</note></sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; нередко, особенно в дигорском, употребляется в значении
          наречия <q>очень</q>, ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2771e163" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <gloss><q>крепко</q></gloss> в смысле <gloss><q>очень</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2771e172" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>magari</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss> → <w>magrad</w>
            <gloss><q>очень</q>, <q>сильно</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>1607</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>V 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; often, especially in Digor, it is used in the meaning
          of the adverb <q>very</q>, cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2771e204" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <gloss><q>krepko</q></gloss> in the meaning <gloss><q>very</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2771e213" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>magari</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q></gloss> → <w>magrad</w>
            <gloss><q>very</q>, <q>highly</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>1607</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>V 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned></note>
        <re xml:id="re_d2771e241">
          <form xml:id="form_d2771e243" type="lemma"><orth>qæbærzærdæ</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2771e246"><sense xml:id="sense_d2771e247"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жестокий</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cruel</q>
              </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2771e258"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>твердый сердцем</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>hard-hearted</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2771e269">
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e271">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæg˳yr lægæn… qæbær jæ cʼæx x˳yssæn
              nymæt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у бедняка жесток его серый спальный войлок</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the poor man’s gray sleeping felt is hard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e294">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæbær qædæj gæræm galæn qæbær kʼælæt</quote>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
              (скороговорка)</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (tongue
              twister)</note>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из твердого дерева пестрому быку крепкий
                ошейник</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a strong collar made of solid wood for a
                mottled bull</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e318">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyqqæbær dūraw sæ xory kærʒyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">затвердел, как камень, их ячменный хлеб</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their barley bread has hardened like a
                stone</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
              <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e341" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(wæjug æma Ʒanbolat) beræ fættuxtæncæ, wædta
              ærægi-durægi bo Ʒanbolat fæqqæbærdær æj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великан и Дзанболат долго боролись, потом под
                конец Дзанболат осилил</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the giant and Zanbolat fought for a long time,
                then at the end Zanbolat overcame</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e367" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ædta co, kæd dæ otæ qæbær fænduj wæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в таком случае иди, если уж тебе так сильно
                хочется</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in that case, go, if you really want to</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>16<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11—12</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e397" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæbær kæwuj e</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он сильно плачет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he’s crying a lot</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e423" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæbær xor bon</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">очень солнечный (жаркий) день</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a very sunny (hot) day</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e449" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm adtæncæ qæbær beræ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">народу было очень много</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were a lot of people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2771e475" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zin rawæn adtæj nælgojmag; qæbærdær æfxwærd
              ba æjjafta silgojmag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в тяжелых условиях был мужчина; еще большее
                угнетение терпела женщина</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there was a man in difficult conditions; a
                woman suffered even more oppression</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <re xml:id="re_d2771e502">
          <form xml:id="form_d2771e504" type="lemma"><orth>qæbær xor</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2771e507"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ячмень</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barley</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e611" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e523" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qabar</w>, <w>qapar-</w>
            <gloss><q>выпуклый</q>, <q>опухоль</q>, <q>мозоль</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 409—410, 433, 441—444</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда и
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e633" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e545" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>qabar</w>
            <gloss><q>мозоль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e641" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e553" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>kapar</w> в <w>kapardil</w>
            <gloss><q>жестокосердный</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e651" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e563" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>qæbærzærdæ</w></mentioned>). Для колебания значений <q>выпуклый</q> || <q>твердый</q>
          ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stavd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>stavd</w>
            <q>толстый</q></ref> || <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e668" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e580" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>stabdha-</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q>, <q>тугой</q></gloss></mentioned>. В каком отношении к этому слову
          стоит <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e678" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e590" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>qapari</w>
            <gloss><q>отвесный</q></gloss></mentioned>? Может быть, оно также идет из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e686" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e598" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qapar</w> с исходным значением <gloss><q>выступающий</q>,
            <q>торчащий</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Probably, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e523" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e611" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qabar</w>, <w>qapar-</w>
            <gloss><q>convex</q>, <q>tumor</q>, <q>blister</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 409—410, 433, 441—444</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Also
          here <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e545" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e633" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>qabar</w>
            <gloss><q>blister</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e553" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e641" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>kapar</w> in <w>kapardil</w>
            <gloss><q>hard-hearted</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e563" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e651" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>qæbærzærdæ</w></mentioned>). For the changes in the meaning <q>convex</q> ||
            <q>solid</q> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stavd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>stavd</w>
            <q>thick</q></ref> || <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e580" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e668" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>stabdha-</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q>, <q>tight</q></gloss></mentioned>. In what relation to this word is
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e590" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e678" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>qapari</w>
            <gloss><q>sheer</q></gloss></mentioned>? May also go back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2771e598" xml:id="mentioned_d2771e686" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qapar</w> with the initial meaning <gloss><q>protruding</q>,
            <q>sticking</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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