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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆvzaly</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_7vzaly" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d765e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆvzaly</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ævzalu</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d765e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>уголь</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>coal</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>dūrævzaly</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">каменный уголь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bituminous coal</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>bavzaly wyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обугливаться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">char (v.)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d765e75">
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævzalytæ sæ syǧdæj sūʒync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уголья горят своим горением</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the coals are burning with their burn</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
              <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævzalyjæ ḱī baīvʒæn syǧzærīn?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто обменяет золото на уголь?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who would trade gold for coal?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 297</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wælæ lægæty dywwæ xæjræǵy, sawsawid, ævzalyjy
              x˳yzæn sæ cæskom</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон в пещере два черта, черным-черные, их лица
                похожи на уголь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are two devils in the cave, black as
                night, their faces are like coal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg jæ xæʒar sūzgæ k˳y fedta, wæd yl don
              nykkaldta, saræzta ʒy ævzaly</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда человек увидел свой дом горящим, он залил
                его водой, сделал из него уголь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when the man saw his house burn, he put the fire out with water, turned the house into a piece of coal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> …æxx˳ys syn kodta… kæm sūgæj, kæm
              ævzalyjæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…помогал им то дровами, то углем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…he helped them at times with firewood and coal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1972 VI 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">co fæcco æma duwwadæs kʼambecʒædi ke
              færazuncæ, oj bærcæ ævzalu ærbalasæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">иди, отправляйся и привези столько угля,
                сколько потянут двенадцать пар буйволов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go and bring so much coal that twelve pairs of buffalo are able to carry</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæn nurtækkæ æz ævzalu, fal festʒænæn ciren
              art</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сейчас я — (как) уголь, но стану пылающим
                огнем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">right now I am (like) a coal, but I will become a blazing fire</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæ din sawdor, særvasæn æma ævzaluj
              kʼærtt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вот тебе оселок, гребень и кусок угля</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he is a whetstone, a comb and a piece of coal you can have</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>16<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12–13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku ’rævzalu uj cæxær…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда жар обращается в уголь…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when heat turns into coal…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1972 VI 45</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </abv:exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/> <w type="rec">zvalya-</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zvarya-</w></mentioned> (индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">gwel-</w></mentioned>) и сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/> <w>ǰval-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰvalati</w> <gloss><q>гореть</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>пылать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰvāla-</w> <gloss><q>пламя</q></gloss></mentioned> с закономерной метатезой
            <c>zv</c> → <c>vz</c> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"><w>yvzag</w> <gloss><q>язык</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hivzaka-</w></mentioned>). Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> <w>zuvāl</w> <gloss><q>красный уголь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тлеющий
              уголь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>головня</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)<note type="footnote">Форма <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>zuγāl</w></mentioned>, видимо, вторичная из <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>zuvāl</w></mentioned>.</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/> <w>zuwol</w> <gloss><q>уголь</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/> <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/> <w>gúal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/> <w>coal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/> <w>kol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/> <w>Kohle</w></mentioned>. Неясно, относятся ли сюда некоторые славянские факты:
            <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>glavьńa</w> <note type="comment">(из
                <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230530T232242+0300" comment="это считаем как &quot;слав.&quot;?"?><mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">gvalьńa</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>?)</note> <gloss><q>головня</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> <w>зола</w></mentioned> и пр. — В <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>ævzalu</w></mentioned> конечный <c>-u</c> из <c>-i</c>,
          как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼaly"><w>stʼalu</w> <gloss><q>звезда</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">stārya</w></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zvalya-</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zvarya-</w></mentioned> (the Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">gwel-</w></mentioned>) and is close to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰval-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰvalati</w>
            <gloss><q>burn</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blaze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰvāla-</w>
            <gloss><q>flame</q></gloss></mentioned> with a regular metathesis <c>zv</c> → <c>vz</c>
          (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yvzag"><w>yvzag</w>
            <gloss><q>language</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hivzaka-</w></mentioned>). Related are <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zuvāl</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230530T232810+0300" comment="&quot;красный уголь&quot; — имеется в виду буквально? я сначала предположил, что это термин, но кажется нет"?>red
                coal<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burning coal</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>brand (burning wood)</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)<note type="footnote">The form <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>zuγāl</w></mentioned> seems to be secondary to <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>zuvāl</w></mentioned>.</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
            <w>zuwol</w>
            <gloss><q>coal</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
            <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
            <w>gúal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>coal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>kol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Kohle</w></mentioned>. It is unclear whether these Slavic roots are related:
            <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>glavьńa</w>
            <note type="comment">(from
                <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230530T232242+0300" comment="это считаем как &quot;слав.&quot;?"?><mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">gvalьńa</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>?)</note>
            <gloss><q>brand (burning wood)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>zola</w>
            <gloss><q>ashes</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — In <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>ævzalu</w></mentioned> the final <c>-u</c> comes from <c>-i</c>, just like, for
          example, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼaly"><w>stʼalu</w>
            <gloss><q>star</q></gloss></ref> comes from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">stārya</w></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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