<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sækær</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_sækær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1427e66" type="lemma"><orth>sækær</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1427e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>сахар</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>sugar</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sækærdon</w> | <m>-æ</m>
            <gloss><q>сахарница</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sækærdon</w> | <m>-æ</m>
            <gloss><q>sugar bowl</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <re>
          <form type="dialectal" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg></form>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>īxyn <oRef>sækær</oRef></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">леденец</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hard candy</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ледяной
                сахар</q></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ice
                sugar</q></note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(ʒænæty) dwærtty raz dyl sæmbælʒænī Majræmy
              fyrt syzǧærīn Ḱyrystī æmæ dæ mīdæmæ bakænʒænī, ūm dæ xærīnag wyʒænī ūrs æxsyr æmæ
              adǵyn <oRef>sækær</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед вратами (рая) тебя встретит сын Марии
                золотой Христос и поведет тебя вовнутрь; там твоей пищей будет белое молоко и
                сладкий сахар</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the gates (of Heaven) the son of Maria,
                golden Christ, will meet you and lead you inside; white milk and sweet sugar will be
                your food there</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sækær</oRef> — dæ xærīnag, būd — dæ
              sūʒīnag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сахар (да будет) тебе пищей, ладан тебе на
                воскурение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let sugar be your food, incense be for
                burning</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из текста
                посвящения покойнику </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the text of the
                dedication to a deceased </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Родиной этого распространившегося по всему свету слова является Индия,
          ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡarkarā</w>
            <gloss><q>песок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сахарный песок</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="pi"><lang/>
            <w>sakharā</w>
            <gloss><q>сахар</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из среднеиндийского вошло в некоторые
          среднеиранские языки: <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šakar</w> (škr-)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
            <biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>232₁₅</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ṡakara-</w>
            <gloss><q>сахар</q></gloss>, <w>ṡakarīnaa</w>
            <gloss><q>сахарный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
            <biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). Трудно установить, когда именно и через какое
          посредство вошло слово в осетинский язык. Посредниками могли быть <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>греческий</lang> (<w>σάxχαρον</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang>персидский</lang> (<w>šakar</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang>тюркские</lang> (<w>šäkär</w>, <w>šeker</w>)</mentioned>,
          кавказские (<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>šakar</w>, </mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>šakari</w>
            <gloss><q>сахар</q></gloss>, <w>qinvar-šakari</w>
            <gloss><q>леденец</q></gloss>, буквально <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ледяной сахар</q></gloss></mentioned>). Другие кавказские варианты: <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-šakar</w></mentioned> (но <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>fošəγw</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
            <w>čakar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>šakkar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>kačar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>šeḱer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>šekar</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang>Русск.</lang>
            <w>сахар</w></mentioned> идет из греческого (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>II 584</biblScope></bibl>), другие европейские формы (<mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
            <w>zuccero</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>azúcár</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>sucre</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>sugar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Zucker</w></mentioned>) через <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>sukkar</w></mentioned> восходят к тому же индийскому источнику. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The homeland of this word, that has spread all over the world, is India,
          cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡarkarā</w>
            <gloss><q>sand</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sugar sand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pi"><lang/>
            <w>sakharā</w>
            <gloss><q>sugar</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word was borrowed from Middle Indian into
          Middle Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šakar</w> (škr-)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
            <biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>232₁₅</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ṡakara-</w>
            <gloss><q>sugar</q></gloss>, <w>ṡakarīnaa</w>
            <gloss><q>sugar (adj.)</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
            <biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). It is difficult to establish when and through which
          medium the word was loaned into Ossetic. As mediums could act <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/> (<w>σάxχαρον</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            (<w>šakar</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/> (<w>šäkär</w>,
              <w>šeker</w>)</mentioned>, Caucasian (<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>šakar</w>, </mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>šakari</w>
            <gloss><q>sugar</q></gloss>, <w>qinvar-šakari</w>
            <gloss><q>hard candy</q></gloss>, literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ice
                sugar</q></gloss></mentioned>). Other Caucasian variants: <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-šakar</w></mentioned> (but <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>fošəγw</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
            <w>čakar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>šakkar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>kačar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>šeḱer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>šekar</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>saxar</w></mentioned> is borrowed from Greek (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>II 584</biblScope></bibl>), other European forms (<mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
            <w>zuccero</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>azúcár</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>sucre</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>sugar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Zucker</w></mentioned>) through <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>sukkar</w></mentioned> go back to the same Indian sourse. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>