<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_ʒonyǧ" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1161e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒonyǧ</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1161e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>conæǧ</orth><form xml:id="form_d1161e71" type="variant"><orth>conuǧ</orth></form><form xml:id="form_d1161e73" type="variant"><orth>ʒonuǧ</orth></form></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_ʒonyǧ.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>сани</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>sledge</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_ʒonyǧ.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>челюсть</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>jaw</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1161e96">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1161e98" type="lemma"><orth>kʼaxʒonyǧ</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1161e101"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>лыжа</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>ski</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e111">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e113">
                            <quote>wyrdyǵy byrync kʼaxʒonyǧtyl</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>скользят под гору на лыжах</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>[they] slide downhill skiing</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e135">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e137">
                        <quote>bælccon ʒonyǧy sbadti, kærcy jæxī ærbatyxta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>отъезжающий сел в сани, закутался в шубу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a departing person sat in the sledge, wrapped himself in a fur
                                coat</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazaq"/><biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e156" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>mæ ʒonæǧ isrævʒæ kænon</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>приведу в порядок мои сани</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I will tidy up my sledge</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 37</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e179">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e181">
                        <quote>dæ fyd Sozyryqojæn Būry fyrt jæ žonyǧ x˳yjy žonyǧaw k˳y
                            skodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>твоему отцу Созрыко сын Бура (изуродовал) челюсть, как челюсть
                                свиньи</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Bur's son (disformed) your father Sozryko's jaw, like the jaw of a
                                pig</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            76</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e200">
                        <quote>æxsyry cady īw x˳y īs, æmæ myn uj ʒonyǧ arxæss</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в молочном озере есть один кабан, и принеси мне его челюсть</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there is one wild boar in the milk lake, and bring me its jaw</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Культурное слово широкого европейско-азиатского распространения:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e391" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e222" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e396" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e227" xml:lang="trk"><w>čanaq</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e399" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e230" xml:lang="trk"><w>sana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e402" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e233" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaq</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e405" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e236" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaǧ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1855, 1856, IV
                                    298</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e418" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e249" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w>
                        <gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e426" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e257" xml:lang="bua"><lang/>
                        <w>cana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e431" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e262" xml:lang="bua"><w>sana</w>
                        <gloss><q>лыжи</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e437" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e268" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
                        <w>sani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e442" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e273" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
                        <w>san</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e447" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e278" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>szán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e453" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e284" xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
                        <w>sanie</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e458" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e289" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>sānus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e463" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e294" xml:lang="lv"><w>sanas</w>
                        <gloss><q>лыжи</q></gloss></mentioned>. Некоторые кавказские названия близки
                    к тюркским: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e300" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e305" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>čanaǧ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e479" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e310" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
                        <w>čanaǧi</w></mentioned>; но <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e485" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e316" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>sahnakʼ</w></mentioned>. Гласный о перед носовыми восходит в осетинском к
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, и стало быть <hi rendition="#rend_italic">conæǧ</hi> можно восстановить (учитывая осетинское цоканье) в
                    *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čanaǧ</hi>, что вполне совпадает с некоторыми тюркскими и с аварской формой.
                    По-видимому, осетинам (аланам) принадлежало какое-то техническое новшество в
                    изготовлении саней. Иначе мы не можем объяснить, что в сванском и балкарском
                    название саней (или их части) совпадает с наименованиями осетин: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e321" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>sav</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и</note>
                        <gloss><q>осетин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1161e331" xml:lang="sva"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e498" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e337" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>düger</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и</note>
                        <gloss><q>осетинец-дигорец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e506" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e347" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>перекладина саней</q></gloss><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">
                                    (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">302 прим., 280—281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Об идеосемантике слова можно только строить
                    догадки. Опираясь на <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e519" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e360" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čānah</w>
                        <gloss><q>нижняя челюсть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e527" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e369" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯanax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e533" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e374" xml:lang="trk"><w>janak</w>
                        <gloss><q>щека</q></gloss></mentioned>, можно высказать предположение, что
                    сани были названы, по сходству формы, ‘челюстью’; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e539" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e380" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ʒonyǵy fsær</w>
                        <gloss><q>полоз</q></gloss></mentioned>, буквально ‘челюсть саней’; само
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi> также употребляется иногда в значении ‘нижняя челюсть’.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A cultural word with wide European-Asian spread: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e222" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e391" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e227" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e396" xml:lang="trk"><w>čanaq</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e230" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e399" xml:lang="trk"><w>sana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e233" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e402" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaq</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e236" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e405" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaǧ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1855,
                                    1856, IV 298</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>sledge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e249" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e418" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w>
                        <gloss><q>sledge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e257" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e426" xml:lang="bua"><lang/>
                        <w>cana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e262" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e431" xml:lang="bua"><w>sana</w>
                        <gloss><q>ski</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e268" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e437" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
                        <w>sani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e273" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e442" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
                        <w>san</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e278" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e447" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>szán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e453" xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
                        <w>sanie</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e289" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e458" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>sānus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e294" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e463" xml:lang="lv"><w>sanas</w>
                        <gloss><q>ski</q></gloss></mentioned>. Some Caucasian names are close to
                    Turkic: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e469" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e474" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>čanaǧ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e310" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e479" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
                        <w>čanaǧi</w></mentioned>; but <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e485" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>sahnakʼ</w></mentioned>. The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> in Ossetic traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>
                    and thus <hi rendition="#rend_italic">conæǧ</hi> can be reconstructed to *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čanaǧ</hi> (according to the Ossetic
                    pronunciation of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">č</hi> as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">c</hi>, which quite coincides with some Turkic and Avar
                    forms). Apparently, the Ossetic people (Alans) had some kind of technical
                    innovation in the manufacture of sledges. Otherwise, we cannot explain that in
                    Svan and Balkarian the name of the sledge (or part of it) coincides with the
                    names of the Ossetian people: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e490" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>sav</w>
                        <gloss><q>Ossetian</q></gloss></mentioned> and ‘sledge’, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e337" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e498" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>düger</w>
                        <gloss><q>Digor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e347" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e506" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>sledge beam</q></gloss><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
                                    (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">302 footnote.,
                        280—281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. One can only speculate about
                    the ideosemantics of a word. Relying on the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e360" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e519" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čānah</w>
                        <gloss><q>lower jaw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e527" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯanax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e374" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e533" xml:lang="trk"><w>janak</w>
                        <gloss><q>cheek</q></gloss></mentioned>, it can be assumed that the sledge
                    was named “jaw” according to the similarity of shape; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e380" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e539" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ʒonyǵy fsær</w>
                        <gloss><q>runner</q></gloss></mentioned>, literally ‘jaw of the sledge’; the
                    word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi> itself is also used sometimes in the meaning of ‘lower
                    jaw’.</etym>
            </entry>
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