<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qūl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_qūl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d877e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qūl</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d877e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧolæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d877e72">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e73">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бабка для игры</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>bone for game</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e82">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>альчик</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>shagai</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d877e92">
          <form xml:id="form_d877e94" type="lemma"><orth>conǵy qūl</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e97">
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">запястье</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wrist</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d877e110">
          <form xml:id="form_d877e112" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qūlǵyn</orth></form>
          <form xml:id="form_d877e115" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧolgun</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e118">
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">снабженный шаровидными утолщениями</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(обычно о точеной или резной
                мебели)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">equipped with spherical thickenings</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(usually about chiseled or
                carved furniture)</note>
            </tr>
            <re xml:id="re_qūlǵyn_avdæn">
              <form type="lemma" xml:id="form_qūlǵyn_avdæn"><orth>qūlǵyn avdæn</orth></form>
              <sense xml:id="sense_qưlǵyn_avdæn">
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колыбель с точеными шарообразными
                    утолщениями, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">балясинами</q></q>
                </tr>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a cradle with chiseled spherical
                    thickenings, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">balusters</q></q>
                </tr>
              </sense>
            </re>
            <re xml:id="re_d877e159">
              <form xml:id="form_d877e161" type="lemma"><orth>ǧolgun urunduq</orth></form>
              <sense xml:id="sense_d877e164">
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кровать с балясинами</q>
                </tr>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bed with balusters</q>
                </tr>
              </sense>
            </re>
          </sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e185" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg><lang/></usg>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
              <oRef>ǧolgun</oRef> употребляется также в значении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadqūl" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                <w>fadqūl</w></ref>
            </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><oRef>ǧolgun</oRef> is also used in the meaning of
                <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadqūl" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                <w>fadqūl</w></ref></note>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>щиколотка</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>ankle</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_ǧolgun">
            <example xml:lang="os-x-digor" xml:id="example_ǧolgunti">
              <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧolgunti wængæ</quote>
              <tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">до
                  щиколоток</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">up to the
                  ankles</q>
              </tr>
            </example>
          </exampleGrp>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d877e225">
          <form xml:id="form_d877e227" type="lemma"><orth>qæzænqūl</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d877e230">
            <sense xml:id="sense_d877e231">
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">альчик для
                  игры</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">bone for
                  game</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d877e242">
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> переносно </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> figuratively </note>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>предмет забавы</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>the object of fun</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d877e255">
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>тот, кто забавляет окружающих</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>the one who amuses others</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazæn"/>)</note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazæn"/>)</note>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d877e274">
          <example xml:id="example_d877e276">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bicikʼojyl ast azy acyd, aftæ īw bon ældary
              fyrtīmæ qazydysty, æræǵiaw sæ qūltyl fæxyl sty, æmæ Bicikʼo ældary fyrty
              fænadta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бицико исполнилось восемь лет, когда он однажды
                играл с сыном князя; под конец они поссорились из-за альчиков и Бицико побил
                княжеского сына</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bicico was eight years old when he once played
                with the prince’s son; in the end they quarreled over the shagais and Bicico beat
                the prince’s son</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d877e299">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæn ta, ḱynʒ, fyry qūly x˳yzæn læppū
              ærbajg˳yrʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у тебя же, молодуха, родится мальчик,
                (прелестный) как баранин альчик</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you, a young woman, will have a boy, (adorable)
                like a ram shagai</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d877e322">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyny qūltæ swang kʼūlmæ xæccæ kodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">узлы (основы) сукна доходили до самой стены</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the nodes (bases) of the cloth reached to the
                wall itself</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1961 I 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d877e345" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur biccewtaw dalæ mosi ku næbal ǧazun
              ǧolæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь я уже не играю в альчики на току, как
                ребята</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Now I no longer play shagai on the threshing
                floor, like the guys</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 IX 45</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d877e371" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæx… ajnægbæl æ ǧolgunti wængæ læwærdgæ
              ærcudæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">конь спустился по скале, по щиколотку разрывая
                (землю)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the horse went down the cliff, tearing (the
                ground) ankle-deep</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 104</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d877e398" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seʒærtæ ǧolgun sirej diviltuǧd…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сироты (лежат) на точеной скамье, закутанные в
                лохмотья…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">orphans (lying) on a chiseled bench, wrapped in
                rags…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
              <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">От сближения с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e602" xml:id="mentioned_d877e427" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>gola-</w>
            <gloss><q>шарик</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>. Gr.</ref>
                <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> придется отказаться, так как
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e618" xml:id="mentioned_d877e447" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>gola-</w></mentioned>, по-видимому, дравидийского происхождения
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kuiper</hi>, BSOS</ref>
            <biblScope>1941 IX 1000—1001</biblScope></bibl>). На иранской почве ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e629" xml:id="mentioned_d877e458" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>gūla</w>, <w>gulūla</w>
            <gloss><q>шар</q>, <q>мяч</q>, <q>клубок</q>, <q>кокон</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e645" xml:id="mentioned_d877e474" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>gulōk</w>
            <gloss><q>шар</q></gloss>, <w>gulur</w>
            <gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss></mentioned> (проблематичные этимологии этих слов см.:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>207</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
            <biblScope>94—95</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. далее <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e669" xml:id="mentioned_d877e498" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>гуля</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e674" xml:id="mentioned_d877e503" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>kūla</w>
            <gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e682" xml:id="mentioned_d877e511" xml:lang="no-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>kūla</w>
            <gloss><q>шишка</q>, <q>шар</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e692" xml:id="mentioned_d877e521" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>kula</w>
            <gloss><q>шишка</q>, <q>шар</q></gloss>, а также <gloss><q>партия в
            игре</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e706" xml:id="mentioned_d877e535" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>kūle</w>
            <gloss><q>шишка</q>, <q>утолщение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e716" xml:id="mentioned_d877e545" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>kūle</w>
            <gloss><q>шар</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e724" xml:id="mentioned_d877e553" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Keule</w>
            <gloss><q>дубина</q></gloss> (= палка с утолщением на конце)</mentioned>. К осетинскому
          примыкают некоторые факты в кавказских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e733" xml:id="mentioned_d877e562" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>gholg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e738" xml:id="mentioned_d877e567" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>qual</w>
            <gloss><q>бабка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e746" xml:id="mentioned_d877e575" xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
            <w>ǧoli</w>
            <gloss><q>узел пряжи</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>564</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">We should refuse the idea of bringing the word closer to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e427" xml:id="mentioned_d877e602" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>gola-</w>
            <gloss><q>little ball</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
                <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, because <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e447" xml:id="mentioned_d877e618" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>gola-</w></mentioned>, is apparently of Dravidian origin (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kuiper</hi>, BSOS</ref>
            <biblScope>1941 IX 1000—1001</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. the following words in Iranian
          languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e458" xml:id="mentioned_d877e629" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>gūla</w>, <w>gulūla</w>
            <gloss><q>balloon</q>, <q>ball</q>, <q>tangle</q>, <q>cocoon</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e474" xml:id="mentioned_d877e645" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>gulōk</w>
            <gloss><q>ball</q></gloss>, <w>gulur</w>
            <gloss><q>round</q></gloss></mentioned> (see problematic etymologies of these words:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>207</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
            <biblScope>94—95</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. further <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e498" xml:id="mentioned_d877e669" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>gulja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e503" xml:id="mentioned_d877e674" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>kūla</w>
            <gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e511" xml:id="mentioned_d877e682" xml:lang="no-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>kūla</w>
            <gloss><q>cone</q>, <q>ball</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e521" xml:id="mentioned_d877e692" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>kula</w>
            <gloss><q>cone</q>, <q>ball</q></gloss>, and also <gloss><q>party in the
              game</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e535" xml:id="mentioned_d877e706" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>kūle</w>
            <gloss><q>cone</q>, <q>thickening</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e545" xml:id="mentioned_d877e716" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>kūle</w>
            <gloss><q>ball</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e553" xml:id="mentioned_d877e724" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Keule</w>
            <gloss><q>cudgel</q></gloss> (= a stick with a thickening at the end)</mentioned>. Some
          facts in the Caucasian languages are close to Ossetic: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e562" xml:id="mentioned_d877e733" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>gholg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e567" xml:id="mentioned_d877e738" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>qual</w>
            <gloss><q>shagai</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d877e575" xml:id="mentioned_d877e746" xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
            <w>ǧoli</w>
            <gloss><q>yarn knot</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>564</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>