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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tʼæpæn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_tʼæpæn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d959e66" type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d959e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>плоский</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>flat</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>уплощенный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>flattened</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>приземистый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>stocky</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>низкий</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>short</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>низина</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>lowland</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>плоскость</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>plane</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm">army</ref>
            tʼæpæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ладонь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">palm</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> («плоскость руки»)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hand
              plane</q>)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæxs">jæxsy</ref>
            tʼæpæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоский ремешок на конце плетки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat strap at the end of the whip</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn<ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1">byn</ref>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоскодонный котел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat-bottomed cauldron</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в отличие от <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1"><w>byn</w></ref></phr></mentioned>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (as opposed to <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_1"><w>byn</w></ref></phr></mentioned>)</note>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tʼæpæn <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">загробный мир</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">afterworld</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> («плоское селение»; шутливо)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flat village</q>;
              as a joke)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> ran ū, ænæ kʼ˳ypp, ænæ
              ʒyqq</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоское место, без бугров, без впадин</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">flat place, without bumps, without cavities</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ mækʼ˳yl cʼupp amad wyd, fælæ myn kʼævdajy
              fæstæ <oRef>nytʼtʼæpæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">копна у меня была с острой верхушкой, но после
                дождя осела (стала плоской)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I had a shock with a sharp top, but after the
                rain it became flat</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyngæn jæ ærtæ kʼaxæj ærtæ ʽvsymæry fæjnæ
              kʼaxy ajstoj, jæ <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> ta jyn se xsæn nywwaǧtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из трех ножек треногого стола каждый из трех
                братьев взял по ножке, а плоскую его часть оставили в общем владении</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">of the three legs of the tripod table, each of
                the three brothers took a leg, and left its flat part in common possession</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">army <oRef>tʼæpæntæ</oRef> fæcaǧton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я отбил ладони (от удивления)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I beat off my palms (in surprise)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dawy jæ army <oRef>tʼæpænæj</oRef> jæ kardy
              ærttivag bwar Toxtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тохта гладит ладонью блестящую поверхность
                своей шашки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tokhta strokes the shiny surface of his sabre
                with his palm</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azæmæt — <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>, arsaw
              bæzærxyg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азамат (был) приземистый, коренастый, как
                медведь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azamat (was) stocky, like a bear</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>130</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ army ʒyqqæj jæxsy <oRef>tʼæpænxor</oRef>
              fæxawdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из впадины его руки отскочил (кусок кожи),
                достаточный для ремешка на конце плетки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the hollow of his hand (a piece of skin)
                bounced off, enough for a strap at the end of the whip</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 158</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fonsi xezæntæ fæuncæ arf kæmtti, liǧz
                <oRef>tʼæpænti</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отары наши пасутся в глубоких ущельях, на
                ровных низинах</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our flocks graze in deep gorges, on flat
                lowlands</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">omæn zundgond æncæ
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221015T120040+0300" comment="NB ægas"?>ægas<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              ǧædi <oRef>tʼæpæntæ</oRef>, ærdoztæ, liǧzitæ æma kʼulduntæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ему известны во всем лесу низины, поляны,
                ровные места и пригорки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he knows lowlands, clearings, flat places and
                hillocks in the whole forest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razæj winuncæ <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>
              budurtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">впереди они видят плоские равнины</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they see flat plains ahead</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>57<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">135</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>taban</w>, <w>tapan</w>
            <gloss><q>плоское, гладкое поемное место</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>подошва</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tabanak</w>
            <gloss><q>низкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>малорослый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr>taban baləq</phr>
            <gloss><q>лещ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>карась</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(«плоская рыба»)</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 963–964</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>462</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Отсюда и <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>tʼabani</w>
            <gloss><q>подошва</q></gloss></mentioned>. Созвучные слова близкого значения в
          различных, не связанных родством языках указывают на звуковую символику: <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>tʼapa</w>, <w>tʼapanig</w>
            <gloss><q>плоский</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>412</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bdk" extralang="udi"><lang/>
            <w>tapan</w>
            <gloss><q>живот</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
                <biblScope>XXXVII 166</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
              <w>čʼapani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
              <w>a-čʼapan</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>пупок</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(«углубление»)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>dabali</w>
              <gloss><q>низкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
              <w>tʼapʼo-bi</w>
              <gloss><q>впадины, ложбины в лесу</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Идеофоны типа <c>tpl</c>, <c>tpn</c> и т. п. означают
          обычно <q>круглый</q>, <q>выпуклый</q> и т. п. (см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/> и ср. ниже <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼæpænæg"><w>tʼæpænæg</w>
            <gloss><q>кадка</q></gloss></ref>). Но они же, по семантической поляризации, получают
          значение <q>плоский</q> и т. п., см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbækk"/>. —
              <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> восстанавливает <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">(s)tep-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">(s)tap-</w></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
            <w>viṣṭap</w>
            <gloss><q>плоская поверхность</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>степь</w></mentioned>) и относит сюда ос. <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbæǧ"><w>tæbæǧ</w>
            <gloss><q>тарелка</q></gloss></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1963 XXVI 83, 87, 89</biblScope></bibl>. — Cp.:
              <bibl><author>Kellens</author>, <title>Kratylos</title>
            <biblScope>1971 XVI 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Трубачев</author>,
              <title>Этимология 1965</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pohl</author>, <title>Russian
              Linguistics</title>
            <biblScope>1975 II 87–88</biblScope></bibl>). Однако ос. <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> выпадает из
          этих сопоставлений: не говоря о смычно-гортанном <c>tʼ</c>, в исконно иранском слове имели
          бы <w type="rec">tæfæn</w>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>taban</w>, <w>tapan</w>
            <gloss><q>flat, smooth place</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sole</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tabanak</w>
            <gloss><q>short</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>undersized</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr>taban baləq</phr>
            <gloss><q>bream</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crucian carp</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flat fish</q>)</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 963–964</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>462</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From it there is also
            <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>tʼabani</w>
            <gloss><q>sole</q></gloss></mentioned>. Consonant words of similar meaning in various
          unrelated languages indicate sound symbolism: <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>tʼapa</w>, <w>tʼapanig</w>
            <gloss><q>flat</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>412</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bdk" extralang="udi"><lang/>
            <w>tapan</w>
            <gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
                <biblScope>XXXVII 166</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
              <w>čʼapani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
              <w>a-čʼapan</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>navel</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">cavity</q>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>dabali</w>
              <gloss><q>short</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
              <w>tʼapʼo-bi</w>
              <gloss><q>hollows in the forest</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ideophones like <c>tpl</c>, <c>tpn</c> etc. usually
          mean <q>round</q>, <q>convex</q> etc. (see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>
          and cf. below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼæpænæg"><w>tʼæpænæg</w>
            <gloss><q>tub</q></gloss></ref>). But
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T215504+0300" comment="они же?"?>they
          themselves<?oxy_comment_end ?>, according to
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T215523+0300" comment="???"?>semantic
          polarization<?oxy_comment_end ?>, get the meaning <q>flat</q> etc., see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbækk"/>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> reconstructs <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">(s)tep-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">(s)tap-</w></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
            <w>viṣṭap</w>
            <gloss><q>flat surface</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>step'</w>
            <gloss><q>steppe</q></gloss></mentioned>) and refers here Ossetic <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæbæǧ"><w>tæbæǧ</w>
            <gloss><q>plate</q></gloss></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1963 XXVI 83, 87, 89</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf.:
              <bibl><author>Kellens</author>, <title>Kratylos</title>
            <biblScope>1971 XVI 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Trubachev</author>,
              <title>Ètimologija 1965</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
              <date>1967</date>, <biblScope>p. 39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pohl</author>,
              <title>Russian Linguistics</title>
            <biblScope>1975 II 87–88</biblScope></bibl>). However, Ossetic <oRef>tʼæpæn</oRef> falls
          out of these comparisons: apart from the stop-laryngeal <c>tʼ</c>, in the original Iranian
          word we would have <w type="rec">tæfæn</w>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>