<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tox</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tox" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T185757+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d4773e66" type="lemma"><orth>tox</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4773e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>борьба</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>fighting</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бой</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>battle</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tox kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бороться</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fight</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>биться</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <sense>
          <def xml:lang="ru">в героических песнях воинственный возглас</def>
          <def xml:lang="en">in heroic songs it is a war cry</def>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">:
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230201T120242+0300" comment="это просто ноут?.." id="dcp_dn3_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T183831+0300" parentID="dcp_dn3_rwb" comment="вот так, мне кажется. всё же значение" flag="done" mid="2"?><oRef>tox</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?>!
                (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">:
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230201T120242+0300" comment="это просто ноут?.." id="dcp_dn3_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T183831+0300" parentID="dcp_dn3_rwb" comment="вот так, мне кажется. всё же значение" flag="done" mid="4"?><oRef>tox</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?>!
                (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæm qæbatyr (ūj) rask˳yxtī
              <oRef>toxy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">таким храбрецом (он) оказался в бою</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he turned out to be such a brave man in
                battle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aboni <oRef>toxmæ</oRef> i ǧædæj ʒinæg i
              kizgæ fælgæstæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сегодня девушка из леса внимательно наблюдала
                за боем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">today the girl was carefully watching the fight
                from the forest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tox</oRef> rajgon æj Digorgomi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вспыхнул бой в Дигорском ущелье</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a battle broke out in the Digor Gorge</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kosæg adæm sæ bartæbæl <oRef>tox</oRef>
              kænuncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рабочий народ борется за свои права</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the working people are fighting for their
                rights</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 63</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card arazæn max aboni ustur
                <oRef>toxæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы сегодня строим жизнь в великой борьбе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we build life today in the great struggle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В словах, где оба диалекта осетинского языка имеют гласный <c>o</c>,
          последний наверняка (кроме поздних заимствований) восходит к <c>ǎ</c> перед носовыми,
          причем носовой мог со временем выпасть или ассимилироваться; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fos"/>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230201T120647+0300" comment="так? на rox2 забиваем?" id="iqv_hn3_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T183945+0300" parentID="iqv_hn3_rwb" comment="я бы как раз сказал что это скорее рох2, там же видно, что в дигорском есть носовой" flag="done" mid="6"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_2"><w>rox</w></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="6"?>. Поэтому <oRef>tox</oRef>
          предполагает в прошлом <w type="rec">tomx</w> или <w type="rec">tonx</w> из <w type="rec">tamx</w>- или <w type="rec">tanx</w>, а последние, с учетом возможной метатезы, могут
          восходить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taxma-</w></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taxna-</w></mentioned> от базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tak-</w>
            <gloss><q>быстро двигаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бежать</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>устремляться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бросаться</q></gloss></mentioned> и т.
          п., представленной в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæxyn"><w>tæxyn</w>
            <gloss><q>лететь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæx"><w>tæx</w>
            <gloss><q>стремительный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_taǧd"><w>taǧd</w>
            <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></ref> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">борьба</q> — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">движение</q>). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>taxma-</w>
            <gloss><q>могучий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отважный</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.,
            <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>taxma-</w></mentioned> в именах <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Taxmaspāda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Čissataxma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tahm</w>
            <gloss><q>храбрый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>воинственный</q></gloss></mentioned> (также в
          именах <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahmasp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Arustahm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Aturtahm</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Hutahm</w></mentioned>). Ожидаемая для дигорского более
          ранняя форма <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonx"/> реально существует, но в несколько ином
          значении — <q>(общественная) активность</q>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmi tonxi cæwun</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">участвовать в потоке народной жизни</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">участвовать в потоке народной жизни</q>
            </tr>
          </example>. Если наша этимология верна, то между <oRef>tox</oRef>
          <q>борьба</q> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toxun_1" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>toxun</w>
            <gloss><q>воевать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tūxæn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>tuxæn</w>
            <gloss><q>му́ка</q></gloss></ref> нет никакой связи, кроме случайного созвучия.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">In words where both dialects of Ossetic have a vowel <c>o</c>, the
          latter certainly (except for later borrowings) goes back to <c>ǎ</c> before nasals,
          moreover, the nasal one could disappear or assimilate over time; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fos"/>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230201T120647+0300" comment="так? на rox2 забиваем?" id="iqv_hn3_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T183945+0300" parentID="iqv_hn3_rwb" comment="я бы как раз сказал что это скорее рох2, там же видно, что в дигорском есть носовой" flag="done" mid="8"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_2"><w>rox</w></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="8"?>. That is why
            <oRef>tox</oRef> presupposes the forms <w type="rec">tomx</w> or <w type="rec">tonx</w>
          from <w type="rec">tamx</w>- or <w type="rec">tanx</w> in the past, and the latter, taking
          into account possible metathesis, can go back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taxma-</w></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taxna-</w></mentioned> from the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tak-</w>
            <gloss><q>move fast</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>run</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rush</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>dash</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., shown in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæxyn"><w>tæxyn</w>
            <gloss><q>fly</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæx"><w>tæx</w>
            <gloss><q>fast moving</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_taǧd"><w>taǧd</w>
            <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></ref> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">fighting</q> — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">movement</q>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>taxma-</w>
            <gloss><q>powerful</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brave</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>taxma-</w></mentioned> in the names <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Taxmaspāda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Čissataxma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tahm</w>
            <gloss><q>brave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>warlike</q></gloss></mentioned> (also in the
          names <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahmasp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Arustahm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Aturtahm</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Hutahm</w></mentioned>). An earlier form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonx"/> expected for Digor really exists, but in a slightly different
          meaning – <q>(public) activity</q>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmi tonxi cæwun</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">participate in the flow of people’s life</q>
            </tr>
          </example>. If our etymology is correct, then there is no connection, except for an
          accidental consonance between <oRef>tox</oRef>
          <q>fighting</q> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toxun_1" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>toxun</w>
            <gloss><q>fight</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tūxæn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>tuxæn</w>
            <gloss><q>torment</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
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