<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fīdar</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_fīdar" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1915e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fīdar</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1915e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fedar</orth></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fīdar.1"><sense xml:id="sense_d1915e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>крепкий</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>strong</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1915e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>стойкий</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>resistant</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fīdar.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>крепость</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>fortress</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="3" xml:id="sense_fīdar.3"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>поручитель</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>guarantor</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1915e113">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1915e115" type="lemma"><orth>fīdar kænyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1915e118"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>укреплять</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>strengthen</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1915e129">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1915e131" type="lemma"><orth>nyffīdar wyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1915e134"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>закрепиться</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>consolidate</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e145">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e147">
                        <quote>fīdar ræxystæj nyn ne wængtæ sbastoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>крепкими цепями связали наши члены</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they tied our limbs with strong chains</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fedar mæsug — de xsævewat</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>крепкая башня (да будет) местом твоего ночлега</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>let the strong tower be your place of sleep</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            157</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e188" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fedar læwwæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>стой крепко!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>stand firmly!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>24%l15%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e211">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e213">
                        <quote>Xyzy fīdar</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>крепость Хуз</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Khuz fortress</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>105–109</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e232" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Gori fedar</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>крепость Гори</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Gori fortress</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            47–51</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e254" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Nartæ Gori fedar basastoncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Нарты сокрушили крепость Гори</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the Narts destroyed the Gori fortress</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            50</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e276">
                        <quote>fīdary dwærttæ nykkodta ængom æxkæd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он плотно запер ворота крепости</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he locked the gates of the fortress tightly</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            106</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e295">
                        <quote>fīdaræn jæ mīdæg cardī ænæcyd ḱyzg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>внутри крепости жила незамужняя девушка</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q/>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e315">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e317">
                        <quote>fīdar myn nyllæw</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>будь за меня поручителем</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>be a surety for me</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fī-dar</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe-dar</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pati-dāra-</hi> от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dār-</hi>
                    ‘держать’, буквально „противодержащий“, „противостойкий“. Ср. такие значения
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e438" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e335" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dhar-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, как</note>
                        <gloss><q>укреплять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e448" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e345" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>крепко держаться (на месте)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e454" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e351" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>противостоять</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e460" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e357" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>prati-dhar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>удерживать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e468" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e365" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>paiti-darana-</w>
                        <gloss><q>местопребывание</q></gloss></mentioned>. Неясно отношение к
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">согдийскому</hi> послелогу <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e477" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e374" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>pyδ’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e482" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e379" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>piyāra</w>
                        <gloss><q>из-за</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e387" xml:lang="yai"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>по причине</q></gloss></mentioned>. По своей семантике такой
                    послелог мог развиться из имени со значением ‘крепость’, ‘сила’, ‘опора’ и т.
                    п.; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e496" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e393" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>в силу</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в смысле</note>
                        <gloss><q>по причине</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"/> ‘из-за’, ‘по причине’ от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"/> ‘сила’, буквально „силой“; согдийский послелог
                    означает, стало быть, „крепостью“ → ‘по причине’. Созвучие с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e511" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e408" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>pāīdar</w>
                        <gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, образованным из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e519" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e416" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>pā</w>
                        <gloss><q>нога</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e527" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e424" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>dār-</w>
                        <gloss><q>держать</q></gloss></mentioned>, следует считать случайным. См.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">From <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fī-dar</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe-dar</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pati-dāra-</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dār-</hi>
                    ‘hold’, literally ‘anti-holding‘, ‘resistant’. Cf. such meanings of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e335" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e438" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dhar-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, as</note>
                        <gloss><q>strengthen</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e448" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>hold firmly (in a place)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e454" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>resist</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e357" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e460" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>prati-dhar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e365" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e468" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>paiti-darana-</w>
                        <gloss><q>residence</q></gloss></mentioned>. The relation to a <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Sogdian</hi>
                    postposition <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e374" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e477" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>pyδ’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e379" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e482" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>piyāra</w>
                        <gloss><q>because of</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e490" xml:lang="yai"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>due to</q></gloss></mentioned> is unclear.According to its
                    semantics, such a postposition could develop from a noun with the meaning
                    ‘strong’, ‘strength’, ‘support’, etc.; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e393" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e496" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>v silu</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in the meaning</note>
                        <gloss><q>on account of</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"/> ‘because of’, ‘on account of’ from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"/> ‘strength, literally ‘with strength’; thus, a Sogdian
                    postposition means ‘with a fortress’ → ‘on account of’. The consonance with
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e408" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e511" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>pāīdar</w>
                        <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss></mentioned>, derived from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e416" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e519" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>pā</w>
                        <gloss><q>foot</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e424" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e527" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>dār-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hold</q></gloss></mentioned>, should be viewed as accidental. See
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>