<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆrǧiw</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7rǧiw" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1555e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆrǧiw</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d1555e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ærǧew</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1555e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d1555e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хрящ</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>cartilage</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1555e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>cartilago</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>gristle</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1555e92">
          <example xml:id="example_d1555e94">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæssūt æfsæn ʒækkor æmæ jyn ʒy jæ fynʒy
                <oRef>ʽrǧīwtæ</oRef>… cævūt; kæd neʽrnykʼūla, wæd æcæg mard nykkodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">возьмите железную колотушку и бейте его по
                хрящам носа; если он не моргнет, то он действительно подох</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">take an iron mallet and hit him on the
                cartilage of his nose; if he does not blink, then he really died</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 107</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1555e119" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ajki cʼari kʼiræj fedar kænuncæ sæ
                <oRef>ærǧew</oRef> æstgutæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от извести, (содержащейся) в яичной скорлупе,
                укрепляются их (птенцов) хрящевые (еще не отвердевшие) кости</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the lime (contained) in the eggshell, the
                cartilaginous (not yet hardened) bones (of the chicks) are strengthened</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>V 59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e150" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">grīvā-</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в подъеме <w type="rec">graivā-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e481" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e162" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">g˳rīwā-</w></mentioned> с закономерным развитием <c>gr</c> → <c>rǧ</c>
          (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævyn"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e494" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e175" xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T171750+0300" comment="иран?"?>grab-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>
          и пр.). В других языках слово засвидетельствовано преимущественно в значении <q>шея</q>:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e502" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e183" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>girē</w>
            <gloss><q>шея</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e510" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e191" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>grēv</w>
            <gloss><q>затылок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тело</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>душа</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Junker._Frahang"/>
                <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e532" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e213" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>garīva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e537" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e218" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>grīvak</w>
            <gloss><q>горка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e549" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e230" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ɣrīw</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>γryw</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>тело</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>личность</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>душа</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
                <title>Central Asiatic Journal</title>
                <biblScope>1962 VII <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi>
              82</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e265"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e585" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e266" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>grə̀wa</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Асланов"/>
                  <biblScope>727</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e598" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e279" xml:lang="ps"><w>grēwa</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                  <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>ключица</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дужка (у птиц)</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>воротник</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Вероятно, старое заимствование из персидского. В оригинальном афганском слове ожидали
            бы <m>γr-</m> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
              <biblScope>I 209</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e632" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e309" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>grīvā</w>
            <gloss><q>горный перевал</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e640" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e317" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grīva-</w>
            <gloss><q>затылок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>загривок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>область шейных
                позвонков</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e654" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e331" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>graiva-</w>
            <gloss><q>ожерелье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e661" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e338" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>griva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e666" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e343" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>грива</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e671" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e348" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>гривьна</w>
            <gloss><q>ожерелье</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантическое расхождение ос.
            <oRef>rgīw</oRef> с родственными словами не так значительно, как может показаться.
          Видимо, <oRef>rgīw</oRef> было названием <q>хребта</q>, <q>позвоночника</q>, а затем
            <q>позвоночных хрящей (дисков)</q> и вообще <q>хрящей</q>. Отчетливо выступающее в
          иранском значение <q>гора</q>, <q>горный перевал</q>, <q>хребет</q> указывает на
          этимологическую связь не с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e376"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e704" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e377" xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T173131+0300" comment="иран?"?><w type="rec">gar-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e710" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e383" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">g˳er-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>глотать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>474–475</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, а с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e400"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e728" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e401" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>gairi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e733" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e406" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>giri-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e738" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e411" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>gora</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>35</biblScope>)</bibl> сопоставлял <oRef>ᵆrgiw</oRef> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e757" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e429" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kravis-</w>
            <gloss><q>мясо с кровью</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Это связано с серьезными
          фонетическими трудностями (<c>kr</c> должно дать <c>rx</c>, <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>), тем
          более что в осетинском сохранилось безупречное со звуковой и семантической стороны
          соответствие <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e773" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e446" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kravis-</w></mentioned>: ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæm"/>
          <gloss><q>запекшаяся кровь</q></gloss>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e150" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e469" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">grīvā-</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in another ablaut grade <w type="rec">graivā-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e162" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e481" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">g˳rīwā-</w></mentioned> with the regular development <c>gr</c> → <c>rǧ</c>
          (like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rǧævyn"/> is from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e175" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e494" xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T171750+0300" comment="иран?"?>grab-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>
          etc.). In other languages, the word is attested mainly in the meaning of <q>neck</q>:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e183" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e502" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>girē</w>
            <gloss><q>neck</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e191" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e510" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>grēv</w>
            <gloss><q>back of the head</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>body</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>soul</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Junker._Frahang"/>
                <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e532" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>garīva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e218" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e537" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>grīvak</w>
            <gloss><q>slide</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e230" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e549" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ɣrīw</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>γryw</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>body</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>personality</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>soul</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
                <title>Central Asiatic Journal</title>
                <biblScope>1962 VII <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi>
              82</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e584"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e266" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e585" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>grə̀wa</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Асланов"/>
                  <biblScope>727</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e279" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e598" xml:lang="ps"><w>grēwa</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                  <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>collarbone</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220604T100819+0300" comment="?"?>arch<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                (of birds)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>collar</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Probably an old borrowing from Persian. In the original Afghan word we
            would expect <m>γr-</m> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
              <biblScope>I 209</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e309" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e632" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>grīvā</w>
            <gloss><q>mountain pass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e317" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e640" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grīva-</w>
            <gloss><q>back of the head</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nape of the neck</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>area of the cervical vertebrae</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e331" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e654" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>graiva-</w>
            <gloss><q>necklace</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e338" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e661" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>griva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e343" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e666" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>griva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e348" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e671" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>grivьna</w>
            <gloss><q>necklace</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantic difference between Ossetic
            <oRef>rgīw</oRef> and
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220604T101135+0300" comment="?"?>its
          related words<?oxy_comment_end ?> is not as significant as it may seem. Apparently,
            <oRef>rgīw</oRef> was the name of <q>spine</q>, <q>backbone</q>, and later <q>vertebral
            cartilage (discs)</q> and in general <q>cartilage</q>. The distinct meaning
            <q>mountain</q>, <q>mountain pass</q>, <q>ridge</q> in Iranian indicates an etymological
          connection not with <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e703"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e377" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e704" xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T173131+0300" comment="иран?"?><w type="rec">gar-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e383" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e710" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">g˳er-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>swallow</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>474–475</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, but with
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1555e727"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e401" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e728" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>gairi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e406" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e733" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>giri-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e411" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e738" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>gora</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>mountain</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>35</biblScope>)</bibl> compared <oRef>ᵆrgiw</oRef> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e429" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e757" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kravis-</w>
            <gloss><q>meat with blood</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. This has serious phonetic
          difficulties (<c>kr</c> should give <c>rx</c>, <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>), especially since
          Ossetic preserved an impeccable sound and semantic correspondence — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1555e446" xml:id="mentioned_d1555e773" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kravis-</w></mentioned>: Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rxæm"/>
          <gloss><q>clotted blood</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>gore</q></gloss>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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