<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sawlox</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_sawlox" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2385e66" type="lemma"><orth>sawlox</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2385e69">
          <def xml:lang="ru">высоко ценимая в старину порода коней</def>
          <def xml:lang="en">the breed of horses that was hold in high regard in the old days</def>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>sawlox</oRef> bæx</orth><form type="variant"><orth><oRef>sawloxag</oRef> bæx</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">конь шавлоховской породы</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">a horse of the Šoloxov breed</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...farast baræǵy... topp — eræʒypp, qrimag,
              bæx — <oRef>sawlox</oRef> bæxtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девять всадников... ружья (у них) —
                  <emph>ерадзып</emph>, крымские, кони <emph>шавлоховские</emph></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were nine riders.… they had guns called
                  <emph>eradzypp</emph> which were Crimean, the horses were <emph>of the Šoloxov
                  breed</emph></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tæx, mæ <oRef>sawloxag</oRef>, wadaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лети, мой шавлоховский (конь), как ветер</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fly, my Šoloxov horse, as fast as the wind</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
              <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ajs mæ <oRef>sawloxag</oRef> æd sarǧ, æd
              widon</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">возьми моего шавлоховского (коня) с седлом, с
                уздечкой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">take my Šoloxov horse with the saddle and with
                the bridle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zazajy æmbīsondy bæxræǧawæj tækkæ dywwæ
              xwyzdær bæxy — dywwæ <oRef>sawloxaǵy</oRef> — ...kærtmæ ærbatyg˳yr kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из прославленного табуна Заза он двух самых
                лучших коней — двух шавлоховских — пригнал во двор</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he drove two best horses from the Zaza's
                glorious herd, two Šoloxov ones, to the yard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ saw <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawloxbæl</oRef> nizzirzir kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он закачался на своем вороном шавлохе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he started to wiggle on his black Šoloxov
                horse</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1934 III—IV 84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ’rǧajwag <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawlox</oRef> nizzadæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">«шавлоховская (кобыла) из твоего табуна
                ожеребилась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a one Šoloxov horse from your herd has
                foaled</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 24</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">onæj ba sæ ew baduj sawdumæg, sawbarcæ cʼæx
                <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawlox</oRef> bæxbæl</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из них один сидит на чернохвостом, черногривом
                сером шавлоховском коне</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of them is sitting on a black-tailed,
                black-maned grey Šoloxov horse</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>1</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj sæ bæx wyd syǧdæg <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawloxag</oRef>... ūj sæ nymæt — syǧdæg andiag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уж и конь у них был настоящий шавлоховский, уж
                и бурка у них — настоящая андийская</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they did have a true Šoloxov horse, their felt
                coat was indeed true Andean one</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Название происходит от кабардинской княжеской фамилии <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w> (<w>Sowloxo</w>, <w>Sawloxo</w>)
              <gloss><q>Шолоховых</q></gloss></mentioned>, как название породы коней <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/> от фамилии Трамовых. Фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w></mentioned> относилась к бесленеевской ветви кабардинского народа:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Народ бесленеевский живет в 11 аулах и имеет
              князей и дворянство; старшие князья у них Каноковы и Шолоховы, потомки Беслана сына
              Инала Касая, родоначальника кабардинских князей</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Сталь</author>. <title>Этнографический очерк черкесского народа</title>.
              <biblScope>[1852]</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>Кавказский сборник, т.
              21</title>, <pubPlace>Тифлис</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1900, стр.
            83</biblScope></bibl>).<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Цитирую по Б. X. <name>Балкарову</name> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>Язык бесленеевцев</title>. <pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>,
                <biblScope>1959, стр. 15</biblScope></bibl>). Об имени <foreign>Шолох</foreign> и княжеской фамилии
              <foreign>Шолоховых</foreign> см.: <bibl><author>Кушева</author>. <title>Народы
                Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией в XVI—XVIII вв.</title>
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1963, стр. 109—112, 130,
              271—273</biblScope></bibl>. — Об известном в истории Кабарды князе Шолохе (XVI в.) см.
            также: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings
                1589—1605</title>. <pubPlace>I—II. Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1970 II 636
                (index)</biblScope></bibl>.</note> Кони данной породы славились по всему Кавказу:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шаулох — конь горских заводов с тавром на
              правой ляжке</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Броневский</author>.
              <title>Новейшие географические и исторические известия о Кавказе</title>, <pubPlace>т.
              II</pubPlace>. <biblScope>1823, стр. 229</biblScope></bibl>). Лермонтов в очерке <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Кавказец</q></title> рисует колоритный образ старого служаки Кавказской армии. Его
          обязательные атрибуты: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...шашка настоящая
                <emph>гурда</emph> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gorda"/>, — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">В. А.</hi>), кинжал — старый <emph>базалай</emph>, пистолет
              закубанской отделки, отличная крымская винтовка (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyrimag"/>,— <hi rendition="#rend_italic">В. А.</hi>), лошадь —
              чистый <emph>Шаллох</emph></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>М. Ю.
              Лермонтов</author>, <title>Сочинения</title>, <biblScope>т. VI, М.—Л., 1957, стр.
              349</biblScope></bibl>).
          Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>ṡoloxə</w>
            <gloss><q>конь шолоховский</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
            <biblScope>XXV 3 38</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>šaulux</w>
            <gloss><q>порода коней</q></gloss></mentioned>. По преданиям, порода <oRef/> была
          выведена в результате долгой и тщательной селекции и тренировки.<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"> Есть сказ о старом Шоулохе, выведшем шоулоховскую
              породу адыгского коня. Говорят, что за всю жизнь в табуне Шоулоха число лошадей не
              превзошло ста голов. Когда же он, состарившись, передал это дело своим сыновьям, те за
              несколько лет довели число голов до тысячи. И вот сыновья стали нескромно хвастаться
              перед отцом: ты, мол, за всю жизнь смог вырастить только сто голов, а мы за несколько
              лет вон сколько развели. Тогда старик велел сыновьям построить большой загон с крепкой
              высокой оградой. Он приказал пригнать табун и запереть его в этом загоне, после чего
              велел выстрелами и гиком напугать лошадей. Испуганные лошади заметались в загоне, и,
              говорят, только пятьдесят лошадей из тысячи смогли перепрыгнуть через высокую ограду и
              ускакать. Тогда старый Шоулох сказал сыновьям: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Вот те, что перепрыгнули через ограду, — это кони
                  моей породы. А те, что остались в загоне, — те не кони, а коровы, и я их не
                  считаю</q></quote></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Керашев</author>.
              <title>Дочь шапсугов</title>. <pubPlace>Майкоп</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1951, стр.
              53—54</biblScope></bibl>). — Быть может, не случайным созвучием, а наследием древних
          русско-адыгских связей является донская казачья фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Шолоховы</w></mentioned>. Фамилия <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Шолоховых</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawloxtæ</w></mentioned>
          хорошо известна и в Осетии. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caǧdi6j9"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Диг._сказ."/>
            <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The name of a horse originates from the Kabardian princely surname
            <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w> (<w>Sowloxo</w>, <w>Sawloxo</w>)
                <gloss><q>Šoloxov</q></gloss></mentioned>, just like the name of the horse breed
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/> from the Tramov surname. The surname <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>Soloxo</w></mentioned> refered to Besleneev branch of the Kabardian
          people: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Besleneev people live in 11 auls and
              have their own princes and nobility; the senior princes are Kanokovs and Šoloxovs, the
              descendants of Beslan, the son of Inal Kasaj, the ancestor of Kabardian
            princes</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Stal'</author>. <title>Etnographičeskij
              ocherk čerkesskogo naroda</title> [An ethnographical sketch of the Circassian people].
              <biblScope>[1852]</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Kavkazskij sbornik,
              v. 21</title>, <pubPlace>Tiflis</pubPlace>, <date>1900</date>, <biblScope>p.
              83</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">I am citing this according to B. X.
              <name>Balkarov</name> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Yazyk besleneevcev</title> [The language of
                the Besleney people]. <pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1959</date>,
                <biblScope>p. 15</biblScope></bibl>). About the name <foreign>Sholokh</foreign> and
            princal family of <foreign>Šoloxovs</foreign> see: <bibl><author>Kuševa</author>.
                <title>Narody Severnogo Kavkaza i ix svyazi s Rossiej v XVI—XVIII vv.</title> [The people of
                the North Caucasus and their connections with Russia in 16-18 centuries]
              <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>p. 109—112, 130,
                271—273</biblScope></bibl>. — See also: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>Russian
                Embassies to the Georgian Kings 1589—1605</title>. <pubPlace>I—II.
                Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1970 II 636 (index)</biblScope></bibl> about the
            prince Sholokh (16 c.) who was famous in the Kabardian history .</note> The horses of
          this breed were famous throughout the Caucasus: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Shaulokh is a horse of highlanders' stud farm with a brand on its right
            leg</q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Bronevskij</author>. <title>Novejšije
              geographičeskije i istoričeskije izvestija o Kavkaze</title> [The latest geographical and
              historical findings on the Caucasus], <pubPlace>vol. II</pubPlace>.
              <biblScope>1823, p. 229</biblScope></bibl>). Lermontov in his essay <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Caucasian</q></title> paints a picturesque image of
          an old soldier in the Caucasian army. His mandatory atributes are: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...a real sabre called <emph>gurda</emph> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gorda"/>, — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">V. A.</hi>), a
              dagger — an old <emph>bazalaj</emph>, a gun made in South Kuban, an exellent Crimean
              rifle (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyrimag"/>,— <hi rendition="#rend_italic">V. A.</hi>) and a horse which is a pure <emph>Shallokh</emph></q></quote> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>M. Ju. Lermontov</author>, <title>Sočinenija</title> [Collected
            works], <biblScope>vol. VI, M.—L., 1957, p. 349</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>ṡoloxə</w>
            <gloss><q>Šoloxov horse</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
            <biblScope>XXV 3 38</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>šaulux</w>
            <gloss><q>a horse breed</q></gloss></mentioned>. According to legends, the <oRef/> breed
          was developed as a result of a long and thorough selection and trainings.<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">There is a tale about old Shaulokh, who developed the
              Šoloxov breed of an Adyghe horse. It is been said that the number of horses in
              Shaulokh's herd didn't overcome one hundred in his entire life. When he handed this
              affair over to his sons, having grown old, they brought the number of horses to one
              thousand in a couple of years. The sons started to show off immodestly in front of
              their father: you could raise only one hundred heads in your entire life, whereas we
              breeded that much in a couple of years. Then the old man ordered his sons to build a
              big corral with a strong high fence. He commanded to drive a herd and to lock it in
              this corral, after that he ordered to frighten the horses with gunshots and cries. The
              scared horses started dashing around the corral and, they say, only fifty horses from
              a thousand could jump over the hich fence and gallop away. Then old Shoulokh said to
              his sons: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">That ones that have jumped over the
                  fence are the horses of my breed. And that ones that have stayed in the corral are
                  not horses, but cows, and I don't count them</q></quote></q></quote>
              (<bibl><author>Kerašev</author>. <title>Doč' šapsugov</title> [The daughter of
              the Shapsugs]. <pubPlace>Maykop</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>, <biblScope>p. 53 —
              54</biblScope></bibl>). — It is possible that the Don Cossack surname <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Šoloxovy</w></mentioned> is not a random consonance, but a
          heritage of ancient Russian-Adyghe contacts. The surname <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-south"><w>Šoloxov</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawloxtæ</w></mentioned> is
          well known also in Ossetia. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tram"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caǧdi6j9"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Диг._сказ."/>
            <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>