<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xalon</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xalon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2162e66" type="lemma"><orth>xalon</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2162e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ворона</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>crow</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Cornix</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Cornix</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synt_1"><w>synt</w>
            <gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synt_1"><w>synt</w>
            <gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmdær ta <oRef>xalon</oRef>... cyxty kʼært
              ’ssardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где-то ворона нашла кусок сыра</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">somewhere a crow found a piece of cheese</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> barǧævst synʒyl</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона окоченела на терновом кусте</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow got frost on a sloe bush</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef>
              <oRef>xalony</oRef> cæst næ kʼaxy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона вороне глаз не выклюет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow won't peck out an eye of a crow</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
                </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> jæ ony kæsy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона смотрит (гадает, смотря) в свою
                лопаточную кость</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow looks (tells fortunes, looking) at its
                blade bone</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
                </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi></note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Вороне
              приписывался дар прорицания. О гадании по лопаточной кости животных см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
                <biblScope>227, s. v. <w>on</w></biblScope></bibl>.</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">To crow was
              ascribed the gift of prophecy. About telling fortunes with blade bones of animals see:
                  <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
                <biblScope>227, s. v. <w>on</w></biblScope></bibl>.</note>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj jæ zydtaj? <oRef>xalonaw</oRef> de ony
              kæsys?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">откуда ты это знала? гадаешь подобно вороне по
                собственной лопатке?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how did you know that? do you tell fortunes,
                like a crow, with your blade?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1972</date>
              <biblScope>VI 22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fydwacxæssæg <oRef>xalon</oRef> faǵysy
              raǧæj... wasyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вестница беды ворона каркала с навозной
                кучи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow, the messenger of disaster, croaked from
                a dung heap</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalættæ</oRef> jæ særmæ
              taxtysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">над ее головой летали ворóны</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">crows flew above her head</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fydæbony <oRef>xalætty</oRef> wast x˳ymætægy
              næ kænūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не зря каркаете, как зловещие ворóны</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are croaking not in vain, as sinister
                crows</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ cæfxædti sigittæ wællæj saw
                <oRef>xalænttaw</oRef> tæxʒænæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">комья земли из-под его (коня) копыт будут
                летать поверху, как черные ворóны</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">clods of earth from his (horse's) hooves will
                fly above, as black crows</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> nekæd axæssuj nard wærccæ
              buduri</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона никогда не поймает жирную перепелку в
                поле</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow will never catch a fat quail in a
                field</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæssæd mæ xwærunmæ <oRef>xalon</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть ворона уносит меня на съедение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may a crow carry me to be eaten</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ osi... sæxe duwwæ lacini festun
              kodtoncæ, lægi ba saw <oRef>xalon</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">две женщины обратили себя в двух соколов, а
                мужа — в черную ворону</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two women turned themselves into two falcons, a
                husband [they turned into] a black crow</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>30<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3–4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В названиях ворона и вороны мы находим в ряде языков, генетически или
          ареально связанных или не связанных с осетинским, трехсог.ласные основы типа <w>KRN</w> ‖
            <w>KLN</w> ‖ <w>XRN</w> ‖ <w>XLN</w>. На индоевропейской почве: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>qalānǰik</w>
            <gloss><q>corbeu</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/>
            <biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="tg" extralang="sgh yai"><lang/>
            <w>qulang</w>
            <gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (с другим
            третьим согласным) <w>kulāγ</w>, <w>kalāγ</w>
            <gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
            <biblScope>275</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
            <biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>xūrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>xern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>xworn</w>
            <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
            <biblScope>270</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
            <biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>98<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)<note type="footnote">С весьма сомнительным анализом: <w type="rec">ku-varana-</w>.</note>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>χορώνη</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>cornix</w>
            <gloss>id</gloss></mentioned>. На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>qorani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-qwarūn</w>
            <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>kerona</w>, <w>glon</w>
            <gloss>названия птиц</gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); двухсогласный тип: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>q˳alä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>qalä</w>
            <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>галка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
            <biblScope>352</biblScope></bibl>). В угро-финских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>kaarue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>karn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
            <w>xarna</w>, <w>harona</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>kərnəš</w>, <w>kərnəž</w>
            <gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
            <w>kranč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
            <w>kolank</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>holló</w>, <w>hallo</w> (с отпадением конечного <c>-n</c>?)
              <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
            <biblScope>s. v. <w>kaarne</w></biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
            <biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>). Звуковая близость в столь различных и территориально
          удаленных друг от друга языках объясняется прежде всего участием звукоподражательного и
          экспрессивного моментов. Но не исключено, что в отдельных случаях имели место контакты
          между соответствующими языками в прошлом. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
            <biblScope>771</biblScope></bibl> (приводятся памирские и угро-финские факты). —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>68 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sariqoli
            <w>xērn</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
            <biblScope>73 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">kurd.
            <w>qalānǰik</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi><note type="footnote">Старая форма ос. <oRef/> должна была звучать <w type="rec">xalan</w>. Не
            отсюда ли фамилия <w>Холанский</w>?</note></etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The names of a crow and of a raven in some languages, genetically or
          areally connected or not connected with Ossetic, contain three-consonants stems of such
          types: <w>KRN</w> ‖ <w>KLN</w> ‖ <w>XRN</w> ‖ <w>XLN</w>. On the Indo-European ground
          there are the following facts: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>qalānǰik</w>
            <gloss><q>corbeu</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/>
            <biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="tg" extralang="sgh yai"><lang/>
            <w>qulang</w>
            <gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (with the
            other third consonant) <w>kulāγ</w>, <w>kalāγ</w>
            <gloss><q>raven</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
            <biblScope>275</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
            <biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>xūrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>xern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>xworn</w>
            <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
            <biblScope>270</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
            <biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl><note type="footnote">With a very dubious analysis: <w type="rec">ku-varana-</w>.</note>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>χορώνη</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>cornix</w>
            <gloss>id</gloss></mentioned>. On the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>qorani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-qwarūn</w>
            <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>kerona</w>, <w>glon</w>
            <gloss>names of birds</gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); the two consonant type: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>q˳alä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>qalä</w>
            <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>jackdaw</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
            <biblScope>352</biblScope></bibl>). In Finno-Ugric languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>kaarue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>karn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
            <w>xarna</w>, <w>harona</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>kərnəš</w>, <w>kərnəž</w>
            <gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
            <w>kranč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
            <w>kolank</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>holló</w>, <w>hallo</w> (with lost of the final <c>-n</c>?)
              <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
            <biblScope>s. v. <w>kaarne</w></biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
            <biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>). The phonetic proximity of the words in so different
          and geographically distant from each other languages is explained primarily by assuming
          their ideophonic and expressive nature. But it is not excluded that in some cases contacts
          between some languages took place in the past.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
            <biblScope>771</biblScope></bibl> (there Pamir and Finno-Ugric facts are given). —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>68 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sariqoli
            <w>xērn</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
            <biblScope>73 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">kurd.
            <w>qalānǰik</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">The old form of Ossetic
            <oRef/> would have the phonetic form <w type="rec">xalan</w>. May the surname
              <w>Cholanskiy</w> be derived from this form?</note></etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>