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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">typpyr</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_typpyr" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3398e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>typpyr</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tuppur</orth></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3398e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вздутый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>inflated</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>выпуклый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>convex</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пузатый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pot-bellied</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>толстый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>fat</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>курган</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>mound</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>холм</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hill</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бугор</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hillock</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в этом значении преимущественно в дигорском; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_obaw" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>obaw</w>
              <gloss><q>курган</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (used in this meaning predominantly in Digor; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_obaw" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>obaw</w>
              <gloss><q>mound</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; часто в синонимической паре с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dængæl"/><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230304T233954+0300" comment="Абаевская пунктуация изменена, чтобы получился re" flag="done"?>:<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">often paired with synonyms <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dængæl"/><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230304T233954+0300" comment="Абаевская пунктуация изменена, чтобы получился re" flag="done"?>:<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>typpyr æmæ dængæl</orth></form>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>typpyron</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хлеб из ячменной муки, промолотой после
                солода</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bread made from barley flour, ground after
                malting</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. В дигорском отмечено значение
            <gloss><q>живот</q></gloss> (см. ниже).</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. In Digor the meaning <gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss> is
          attested (see below).</note>
        <formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> В этом же диалекте
            в значении <gloss><q>пухлый</q>, <q>выпуклый</q></gloss> встречается параллельная форма </note>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> In the same
            dialect in the meaning <gloss><q>plump</q>, <q>convex</q></gloss> the parallel form </note>
          <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="variant" xml:lang="os"><orth>tunkʼur</orth></form>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> is attested</note>
        </formGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nyttyppyr</oRef> wyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">разбухнуть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">swell</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totyraʒ kastīs Mixaly <oRef>typpyr</oRef>
              æng˳ylʒty ʽzmældmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тотрадз смотрел на движения пухлых пальцев
                Михала</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totyradz looked at the movements of Mikhal’s
                plump fingers</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>238</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ʒimsery <oRef>typpyr</oRef> syrx cæstytæ...
              zyndony cæstængas læværdtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выпученные красные глаза Дзимсера имели адское
                выражение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dzimser’s bulging red eyes had an infernal
                expression</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ razmæ rawad īw <oRef>typpyrrūs</oRef>
              ḱyzg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">навстречу нам вышла одна пухлощекая девушка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a plump-cheeked girl came out to meet us</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">padcaxy g˳ybyny kalm jæ marg awaǧta, æmæ
              nyddængæl, <oRef>nyttyppyr</oRef> īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">змея выпустила свой яд в животе царя, и он
                раздулся, распух</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the snake released its poison in the belly of
                the king, and he swelled up</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 378</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ zærdæ fyr mæstæj yssyǧdī,
                <oRef>atyppyr</oRef>, adængæl, rīw ra-cæj-tydta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее сердце от гнева вспыхнуло, разбухло,
                раздулось, грудь готова была разорваться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her heart flared up with anger, got swollen,
                her chest was ready to burst</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw, <oRef>dondyppyr</oRef> mīǧtæ...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черные набухшие влагой тучи...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">black clouds swollen with moisture ...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 VIII 11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ zærdæjy <oRef>typpyrtæ</oRef>
              swaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она излила (в словах, причитании) то, что
                наболело («набухло») в сердце</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she poured out (in words) things that hurt in
                her heart</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 VIII 30</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæsægi æfsædtæ ǧæwi fæstæ Tukkati Qæræsej
                <oRef>tuppuri</oRef> razmæ ærfestæg æncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кабардинское войско спешилось за аулом перед
                курганом Карасе Туккаева</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Kabardian army dismounted behind the aul in
                front of the burial mound of Qæræse Tukkaev</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm ibæl xodægæj <oRef>tuppur</oRef>
              æskʼudtæ kodtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(потешаясь) над ним люди от смеха надорвали
                животы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(laughing) at him, people tore their stomachs
                from laughter</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 123</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oj <oRef>tunkʼur</oRef> rostæ...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее пухлые щеки...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her plump cheeks...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
              <biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Относится к разряду звукоизобразительных слов, рассмотренных под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"><w>tymbyl</w>
            <gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss></ref>. Такой же природы <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>tuber</w>
            <gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">топыр-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>топырить</w>,
              <w>растопырить</w>, <w>оттопырить</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
              <biblScope>III 122</biblScope></bibl>: «Ein schwieriges Wort».</note> Ср. еще
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
              <w>tuppur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>dubbur</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>выпуклый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бугор</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>холм</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Studia caucasica</title>
                <biblScope>I 119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
            <w>dubur</w>
            <gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></mentioned>. Отложилось в топонимии Осетии и Балкарии:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>Tuppuri mæræ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>Tuppur
              adagæ</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Цагаева</author>. <title>Топонимия Северной Осетии,
                  II</title>. <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>стр.
            295</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>Təppərgə</w>
            <gloss>название поляны</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Коков, Шахмурзаев</author>. <title>Балк. топоним.
                  сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Дальнейшее см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>, а также под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dængæl"/>.<note type="footnote">Явно звукосимволическая природа слова делает излишними этимологические
            догадки <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl>: «...to the Indo-Eur. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w></mentioned> base found also in Lat. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>tumulus</w></mentioned>» (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
              <biblScope>1953, стр. 114, прим. 8</biblScope></bibl>).</note></etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Belongs to the category of onomatopoeic words, considered under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"><w>tymbyl</w>
            <gloss><q>round</q></gloss></ref>. Of the same nature are <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>tuber</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T224840+0300" comment="и какая это шишка??"?>cone<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">topyr-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topyrit'</w>,
              <w>rastopyrit'</w>, <w>ottopyrit'</w>
            <gloss><q>spread out</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
              <biblScope>III 122</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ein
              schwieriges Wort</q>.</note> Cf. also <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
              <w>tuppur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>dubbur</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>convex</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mound</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hill</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Studia caucasica</title>
                <biblScope>I 119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
            <w>dubur</w>
            <gloss><q>mountain</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T225004+0300" comment="отложиось??"?>present<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          in the toponymy of Ossetia and Balkaria: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>Tuppuri mæræ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>Tuppur
              adagæ</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Tsagaeva</author>. <title>Toponimija Severnoj Osetii
                  </title> [Toponymy of North Ossetia], II. <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>p.
                  295</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>Təppərgə</w>
            <gloss>name of the glade</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Kokov, Shakhmurzaev</author>. <title>Balkarskij
                  toponimičeskij slovarʼ</title> [Balkar toponymic dictionary].
                  <pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>p.
                126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Further see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>, and also under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dængæl"/>.<note type="footnote">The obviously sound-symbolic nature of the word makes etymological
            guesses by <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> superfluous:
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T225232+0300" comment="а это не надо как цитату?"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...to the Indo-Eur. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w></mentioned> base found also in Lat. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>tumulus</w></mentioned></q><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>.
                <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
              <biblScope>1953, p. 114, note 8</biblScope></bibl>).</note></etym>
      </entry>
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