<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppar</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_cyppar" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d2886e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cyppar</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d2886e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cuppar</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d2886e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>четыре</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>four</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2886e82">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2886e84">
                        <quote>cyppar fyrty afæʒæn jæ k˳yst ærvītync</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>четыре сына выполняют работу года</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>four sons do the job of the year</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2886e103">
                        <quote>bīræg jæ cyppærtæ qrīqūpmæ tīly</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>волк четырьмя (конечностями) машет (призывая) журавля</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the wolf is waving its four (limbs) (calling) the crane</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2886e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>cyppærkʼoxug æfsæjnag sagænttæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>четырехпалые железные вилы</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>four-fingered iron pitchforks</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>245%l2%l2</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Через ступени <hi rendition="#rend_italic">сурраr</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppar</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">catbār</hi> возводится
                    к *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čat-vār</hi>-' ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e319" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e147" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>cəbur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e324" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e152" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>cawur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e329" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e157" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>cavōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e334" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e162" xml:lang="sgh"><w>cafōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e337" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e165" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>c%rə%rfur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e343" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e171" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>c%rə%rfūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e348" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e176" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>čʼfūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e353" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e181" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>čir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e358" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e186" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>calōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e363" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e191" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>čavār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e368" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e196" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čahār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e374" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e202" xml:lang="fa"><w>čār</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e377" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e205" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>čār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e382" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e210" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
                        <w>čfr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e387" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e215" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>tifār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e392" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e220" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatβār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e397" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e225" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>tcahaura</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e403" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e231" xml:lang="kho"><w>tcahōra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e406" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e234" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>čatwar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e411" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e239" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>čatvāras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e416" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e244" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>çtwar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e421" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e249" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>четыре</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e426" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e254" xml:lang="ru"><w>четверо</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e430" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e258" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>keturi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e435" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e263" xml:lang="lt"><w>ketveri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e438" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e266" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>quatuor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e443" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e271" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
                        <w>cethir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e448" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e276" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>τέτταρες</w></mentioned> и пр. Развитие <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">сурраr</hi>) из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tv</hi>
                        (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e453" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e281" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>čatvār-</w></mentioned>) не поддерживается другими примерами, но
                    представляется вполне возможным, если допустить промежуточную ступень
                    *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatbār</hi> (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e459" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e287" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatβār</w></mentioned>). Перерождение первого гласного (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">у</hi> |
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>) следует объяснить соседством губного, как в ряде других случаев: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dymyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dumun</hi>(← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dam</hi>) ‘дуть’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cymyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cumun</hi>( ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čam</hi>) ‘хлебать’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fus</hi> (←<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pasu</hi>-) ‘овца’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mud</hi>(← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">madu</hi>-) ‘мед’ и др. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 64,
                        78</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>19, 28</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Through steps <hi rendition="#rend_italic">сурраr</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppar</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">catbār</hi> it traces
                    back to *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čat-vār</hi>-' cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e147" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e319" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>cəbur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e152" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e324" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>cawur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e157" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e329" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>cavōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e162" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e334" xml:lang="sgh"><w>cafōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e165" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e337" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>c%rə%rfur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e171" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e343" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>c%rə%rfūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e176" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e348" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>čʼfūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e181" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e353" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>čir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e186" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e358" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>calōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e191" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e363" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>čavār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e196" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e368" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čahār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e202" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e374" xml:lang="fa"><w>čār</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e205" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e377" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>čār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e210" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e382" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
                        <w>čfr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e215" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e387" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>tifār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e220" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e392" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatβār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e225" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e397" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>tcahaura</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e231" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e403" xml:lang="kho"><w>tcahōra-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e234" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e406" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>čatwar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e239" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e411" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>čatvāras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e244" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e416" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>çtwar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e249" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e421" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>četyre</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e254" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e426" xml:lang="ru"><w>četvero</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e258" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e430" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>keturi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e263" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e435" xml:lang="lt"><w>ketveri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e266" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e438" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>quatuor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e271" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e443" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
                        <w>cethir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e276" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e448" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>τέτταρες</w></mentioned> etc. The development of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">сурраr</hi>) from
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tv</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e281" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e453" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>čatvār-</w></mentioned>) is not supported by other examples, but is quite
                    possible if we assume the intermediate stage *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatbār</hi> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2886e287" xml:id="mentioned_d2886e459" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatβār</w></mentioned>). The change of the first vowel (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">у</hi> |
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>) should be explained by the proximity of labial consonant, like in a
                    number of other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dymyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dumun</hi>(←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dam</hi>) ‘blow’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cymyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cumun</hi>( ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čam</hi>)
                    ‘slurp’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fus</hi> (←<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pasu</hi>-) ‘sheep’,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mud</hi>(← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">madu</hi>-) ‘honey’ etc. Cf.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 64,
                        78</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>19, 28</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>