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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_æznag" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3824e66" type="lemma"><orth>æznag</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3824e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>враг</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>enemy</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3824e79">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3824e81" type="lemma"><orth>æznaggad</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3824e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>вред</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>harm</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_son"/>
                        id.</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_son"/>
                        id.</note>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3824e105">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e107">
                        <quote>ne ʽznag næ bylmæ fætæry</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>наш враг гонит нас к обрыву</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>our enemy drives us to the steep</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e126" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ǧæwama ʽznagi badæma</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он должен обуздать врага</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he has to curb the enemy</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e148" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ældar, fudgol æma æznag, fæcæj dæ færci isæfccag</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>алдар — зложелатель и враг — пришел благодаря тебе к гибели</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aldar</hi>, malevolent and an enemy, has perished because of
                                you</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e170" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>znag ærbampursuj—æxsetæ!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>враг наступает — стреляйте!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the enemy is comming -- fire!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e192" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>cʼewtæ xwæruncæ alli xuzæn xelguti, xælsartæn æznaggadæ ka kænuj,
                            oni</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>птицы поедают всевозможных червей, которые наносят вред овощам</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>birds eat all kinds of worms that harm vegetables</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>I 39</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e215">
                        <quote>wædæj fæstæmæ Bættu nal awærsta Koʒyrtæn raznaggadyl</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>с тех пор Батту всячески вредил Кодзыровым</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>since that time Battu hurt Kodzyrovs in many ways</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e339" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e237" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*a-znā-ka-</w></mentioned> „незнакомец“ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e242" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>a</w></mentioned> — частица отрицания, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e349" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e247" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>znā</w></mentioned> — основа глагола ‘знать’, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zonyn"/>). Ср. (с другим суффиксом) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e356" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e254" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>ajñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e260" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἄγνωτοζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e265" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e372" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e270" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>unkun𐍆s</w>
                        <gloss><q>неизвестный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e380" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e278" xml:lang="got"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>незнакомец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Идеосемантика
                    ‘незнакомец’→‘враг’ позволяет относить слово к весьма ранним и примитивным
                    формам общественного существования, когда каждый, не принадлежащий к своей
                    родоплеменной общине, рассматривался как потенциальный враг. Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллером</hi>
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 328</biblScope></bibl> IF 21, стр. 328) предложено другое разъяснение
                    слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi>-. оно возводится к. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e391" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e289" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned>. Эта этимология менее удовлетворяет, как по
                    неясности значения авестийского слова (‘вредящий’? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>1697</biblScope></bibl>), так в
                    особенности потому, что второй гласный в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>) предполагает долгое
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ā</hi>, которого нет в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e401" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e299" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned>, но которое необходимо допускать в
                    восстанавливаемом *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aznūkæ</hi>, см. в связи с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e406" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e304" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned> oc. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"/>
                    ‘трудный’. С помощью <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e423" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e311" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>æznag</w></mentioned> пытается Gombосz (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>(Streitberg-Festgabe, 1924, стр.
                            109</biblScope></bibl>) разъяснить <lang>язигское</lang> собственное имя
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e417" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e323" xml:lang="ysc"><lang/>
                        <w>Znagan</w></mentioned> (XIV в.). По форме такое имя точно корреспондирует
                    современному осетинскому <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznagon"/>
                            ‘вражеский’.%n<bibl><author>Stackelberg</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XLIII 671</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e237" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e339" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*a-znā-ka-</w></mentioned> "stranger" (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e242" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e344" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>a</w></mentioned> — negation particle, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e247" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e349" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>znā</w></mentioned> — stem of the verb 'to know', see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zonyn"/>). Cf. (with another suffix) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e356" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>ajñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e260" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e362" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἄγνωτοζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e265" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e367" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e270" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e372" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>unkun𐍆s</w>
                        <gloss><q>unknown</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e380" xml:lang="got"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>stranger</q></gloss></mentioned>. The ideosemantics
                    ‘stranger’→‘enemy’ let relate this word to quite early and primitive forms of
                    social order when everyone who did not belong to his tribal community was
                    treated like a potential enemy. Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 328</biblScope></bibl> IF 21,
                    p. 328) proposed another explanation of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi>-: it traces back to
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e289" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e391" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned>. This etymology satisfies less due to either the
                    vagueness of the Avestan word (‘harming’? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>1697</biblScope></bibl>), or particulary
                    due to the fact that the second vowel in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>) supposes a long
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ā</hi>, which is not found in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e299" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e401" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned>, but which has to be admitted in a restored
                    *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aznūkæ</hi>, see in the connection with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e304" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e406" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>zinaka</w></mentioned> Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"/>
                    ‘hard’. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>(Streitberg-Festgabe, 1924, p. 109</biblScope></bibl>)
                    tries to explain the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Yazygian</hi> proper name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e323" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e417" xml:lang="ysc"><lang/>
                        <w>Znagan</w></mentioned> (XVI) using <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e311" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e423" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>æznag</w></mentioned>. As for its form, such name corresponds to modern
                    Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznagon"/>
                            ‘enemy’.%n<bibl><author>Stackelberg</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XLIII 671</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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