<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tobæ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tobæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230220T192231+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d3200e66" type="lemma"><orth>tobæ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3200e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>зарок</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>vow</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>обет отказа или воздержания от чего-либо</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>vow of renunciation or abstinence from something</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tobæ kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зарекаться</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">forswear</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>давать обет отказа или воздержания от чего-либо</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>take a vow of renunciation or abstaining from something</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tobæ!</orth></form>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> или <formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
              <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="variant" xml:lang="os"><orth>tobæ
                  astafyryllæx!</orth></form>
            </formGrp></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> or <formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
              <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="variant" xml:lang="os"><orth>tobæ
                  astafyryllæx!</orth></form>
            </formGrp></note>
          <sense>
            <def xml:lang="ru">возглас, означающий отказ от чего-либо</def>
            <def xml:lang="en">exclamation which means refusing something</def>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">что ты!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">помилуй!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">избави
              Боже!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">никоим образом!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">да не будет этого!</q></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">have mercy!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">God forbid!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">no
              way!</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T115647+0300" comment="?"?>let
              it not be<?oxy_comment_end ?>!</q></note>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">araq nywazynyl <oRef>tobæ</oRef>
              bakodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он зарекся пить араку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he swore off drinking araka</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tobægond dæn axæm q˳yddægtyl</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я зарекся (совершать) такие поступки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I swore not (to do) such things</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ mard fen, k˳y næ zæǧaj —
              <oRef>tobæ</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да увидишь мой труп, если не скажешь — избави
                Боже!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let you see my corpse, if you do not say – God
                forbid!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tobæ</oRef>, Gabo!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да не будет этого, Габо!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let it not be, Gabo!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tobæ</oRef> zæǧ!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скажи <oRef>tobæ</oRef>!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">say <oRef>tobæ</oRef>!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зарекись!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swear off!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tobæ</oRef> zæǧæ, mæ warzon
              xwæræ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скажи <oRef>tobæ</oRef>, моя милая сестра</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (откажись от
                сказанных тобой слов)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (откажись от
                сказанных тобой слов)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">say <oRef>tobæ</oRef>, my dear sister</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">
                (<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T115901+0300" comment="?"?>discard<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                the words you said)</note>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 43</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>tauba</w>
            <gloss><q>раскаяние</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зарок</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>repentir</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>penitence</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>voeu de ne
                plus pecher, de ne plus faire telle ou telle chose</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>I 318</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>tauba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <w>tawba</w>, <w>toba</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>раскаяние</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зарок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><phr>toba kardan</phr>
            <gloss><q>раскаяться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отказаться от
            чего-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>tobä</w>
            <gloss><q>раскаяние</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зарок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tobä kirin</phr>
            <gloss><q>зарекаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>давать зарок</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Курдоев"/>
                <biblScope>765</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <w>tāwbā</w>, <w>tūbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>tauba</w>, <w>touba</w>, <w>toba</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                  <biblScope>467</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>tavbu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>tuba</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>раскаяние</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зарок</q>
              <note type="comment">(например, от пьянства)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>toba</w>
            <gloss><q>обещание соблюдать верность заветам шейха</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>403</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ady"><lang/>
            <w>tobä</w>
            <gloss><q>раскаяние</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
            <w>tobä!</w>
            <gloss>возглас удивления</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хатанов_Керашева"/>
                <biblScope>540</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>toba</w>
              <gloss><q>зарок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>toba
                vhkeni</phr>
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я отрекся</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
                <biblScope>566</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Как термин мусульманского
          круга могло войти в осетинский от соседей-мусульман. Ос. <oRef>tobæ astafyryllæx!</oRef> =
            <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>tauba astaγfərullah</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Боже упаси!</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">что вы!</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">помилуйте!</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">никоим образом!</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>tauba</w>
            <gloss><q>repentance</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>repentir</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>penitence</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>voeu de ne
                plus pecher, de ne plus faire telle ou telle chose</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>I 318</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. See also
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>tauba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <w>tawba</w>, <w>toba</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>repentance</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><phr>toba kardan</phr>
            <gloss><q>repent</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>give up something</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>tobä</w>
            <gloss><q>repentance</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tobä kirin</phr>
            <gloss><q>swear off</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>swear off</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Курдоев"/>
                <biblScope>765</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <w>tāwbā</w>, <w>tūbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>tauba</w>, <w>touba</w>, <w>toba</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                  <biblScope>467</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>tavbu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>tuba</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>repentance</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vow</q>
              <note type="comment">(e.g. not to drink)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>toba</w>
            <gloss><q>promise to keep allegiance to the sheikh’s commandments</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>403</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ady"><lang/>
            <w>tobä</w>
            <gloss><q>repentance</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
            <w>tobä!</w>
            <gloss>exclamation of surprise</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хатанов_Керашева"/>
                <biblScope>540</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>toba</w>
              <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>toba vhkeni</phr>
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">i
                  <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T120201+0300" comment="?"?>disowned<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
                <biblScope>566</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. As the term of the Muslim
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T120153+0300" comment="?"?>circle<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          could enter Ossetic from Muslim neighbours. Ossetic <oRef>tobæ astafyryllæx!</oRef> =
            <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>tauba astaγfərullah</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">God forbid!</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">have mercy!</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">no way!</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
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</TEI>