<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rīvad</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_rīvad" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4218e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>rīvad</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4218e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>revæd</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4218e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>свободный</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>free</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>порожний</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>empty</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лишенный чего-либо</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>deprived of something</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d4218e103">
          <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в иронском встречается редко, главным образом в
            сочетании с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"><w>k˳yroj</w>
              <gloss><q>мельница</q></gloss></ref>: </note>
          <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">rare in Iron, mostly in combination with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"><w>k˳yroj</w>
              <gloss><q>mill</q></gloss></ref>: </note>
          <form xml:id="form_d4218e123" type="lemma"><orth>rīvad k˳yroj</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4218e126"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свободная (не загруженная зерном) мельница</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">free (not loaded with grain) mill</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d4218e139" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском весьма употребительно и функционирует как
            синоним <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>aftid</w>
              <gloss><q>порожний</q></gloss></ref>;</note>
          <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">very common in Digor, it functions as a synonym of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>aftid</w>
              <gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></ref>;</note>
          <form xml:id="form_d4218e163" type="lemma"><usg><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T120937+0300" comment="не поставился пробел"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?></usg><orth>revæd
              kænun</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4218e170"><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e171"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">освобождать</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rid</q>
              </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e182"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>опорожнять</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>empty</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4218e194">
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e196">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yroj <oRef>rīvadæj</oRef> fæzyld</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мельница вертится порожней (незагруженной
                зерном)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mill spins empty (unloaded with grain)</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; это выражение
              применяется образно к болтуну и соответствует русскому <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пустомеля</q></note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">; this expression
              is applied figuratively to a chatterbox and corresponds to the Russian <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T125123+0300" comment="что делать?"?>pustomjelja<?oxy_comment_end ?></q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20220719T114453+0300" comment="надо подробнее писать?"?>
              (from <q>empty</q> + <q>grind</q>)<?oxy_comment_end ?></note>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e235">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yroj <oRef>arīvad</oRef>: ærmæftaw cas
              læxūrīnag ū, cæ!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мельница быстро освободилась (от зерна): много
                ли нужно, чтобы смолоть <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærmæftaw"><w>ærmæftaw</w></ref>!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mill was quickly freed (of grain): not much
                is needed to grind <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærmæftaw"><w>ærmæftaw</w></ref>!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e266" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">osongæ ew ʒævgar læwwuj
              <oRef>revædæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шалаш некоторое время остается пустым</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hut remains empty for some time</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e293" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ka <oRef>revæd</oRef> wærdunæj wadæj xumtæmæ,
              ka ba lasta nartxwar</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто порожняком (<q>с порожней арбой</q>) спешил
                на поля, кто вез (оттуда) кукурузу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">someone hurried to the fields empty (<q>with an
                  empty cart</q>), someone was carrying corn (from there)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e325" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz fingæmæ fællæburdta æma ʽj ʒurdi
              saxatmæ <oRef>rarevæd</oRef> kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батраз накинулся на <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fing</w></ref> (накрытый треножный стол) и мгновенно (<q>в
                  мгновение слова</q>) опустошил его</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz fell upon a <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fing</w></ref> (set tripod table) and emptied it
                  instantly (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">in the moment of a word</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e365" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>revæd</oRef> fingæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">ненакрытый,
                порожний стол</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">empty, not set
                table</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e392" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæjug… fælliǧdæj <oRef>revædæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великан убежал ни с чем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the giant ran away with nothing</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e419" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xurʒintæ <oRef>ærrevæd</oRef> kodta zærond
              osæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старуха освободила хурджины</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old woman unloaded the saddlebags</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 30</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e447" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæwmæj izærmæ cawæni fæxxætgæj, æz fællad æma
                <oRef>revæd</oRef> kʼoxæj cudtæn næ wotærmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с утра до вечера пробродив на охоте, я усталый
                и с пустыми руками возвращался в наш кутан</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wandering on the hunt from morning to evening,
                tired and empty-handed I returned to our
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T130132+0300" comment="надо пояснить?"?>kutan<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e478" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ewnægæj <oRef>revædæj</oRef>
              bajzadtæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я осталась лишенная моего единственного
                (сына)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was left deprived of my only (son)</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e501" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220407T094845+0300" comment="такое слово? в пдф плохо видно"?>ærtæ<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              farastkʼoxon bæxbæddæni læg <oRef>revædæj</oRef> nekæd fæwwidtaidæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">три девятируких коновязи человек не мог увидеть
                свободными</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a man could not see three nine-handed (for nine
                horses) hitching posts free</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (т. е. всегда
              были привязаны лошади, всегда было много гостей)</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (i.e. horses
              were always tied, there were always many guests)</note>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1940 III 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4218e540" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">se sturdær ixæsbæl nimajuncæ araqi gæbæt
                <oRef>revæd</oRef> kænun</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(они) считают своим первейшим долгом опорожнить
                бурдюк с аракой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they consider it their first duty to empty the
                leather bottle of araka</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e656" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e574" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fraivata-</w></mentioned> и примыкает к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e660" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e578" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>prīvātus</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(более старая форма <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e667" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e585" xml:lang="la"><w>preiuat-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
                <biblScope>811</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e676" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e594" xml:lang="la"><w>prīvāre</w>
            <gloss><q>лишать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>освобождать</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(по значению равно ос. <oRef>revæd
              kænun</oRef>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e690" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e608" xml:lang="la"><w>privus</w>
            <gloss><q>отдельный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лишенный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>не
                имеющий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же германская группа: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4218e620"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e708" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e621" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>freis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e713" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e626" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>fréo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e718" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e631" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>frei</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>свободный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e726" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e640" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
            <w>rhydd</w>
            <gloss><q>свободный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ввиду отсутствия надежных иранских
          соответствий <oRef>rīvad</oRef> следует рассматривать в ряду сепаратных лексических встреч
          осетинского с европейскими языками (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Regularly traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e574" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e656" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fraivata-</w></mentioned> and is adjacent to<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e578" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e660" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>prīvātus</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(older form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e585" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e667" xml:lang="la"><w>preiuat-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
                <biblScope>811</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e594" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e676" xml:lang="la"><w>prīvāre</w>
            <gloss><q>deprive</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>free</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(the meaning is equal to Ossetic <oRef>revæd
                kænun</oRef>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e608" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e690" xml:lang="la"><w>privus</w>
            <gloss><q>separate</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>deprived</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>not
              having</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T130633+0300" comment="так?"?>Germanic<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          group is also related: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4218e707"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e621" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e708" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>freis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e626" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e713" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>fréo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e631" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e718" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>frei</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>free</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e640" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e726" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
            <w>rhydd</w>
            <gloss><q>free</q></gloss></mentioned>. Due to the lack of reliable Iranian
          correspondences, <oRef>rīvad</oRef> should be considered among the separate lexical
          encounters of Ossetic with European languages (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>).</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>