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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æm-</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_æm-" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T124130+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3388e66" type="lemma"><orth>æm-</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3388e69">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">префикс, отвечающий русск.</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">prefix corresponding to English</note>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3388e70">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>с-</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>with</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3388e79">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>со-</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>co-</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейская префиксальная (в частности превербальная)
                    частица, выражающая совместность, общность и пр. В одних языках мы застаем ее
                    уже в окаменелом виде в ограниченном числе старых сращений (греческий,
                    латинский, германские), в других — как живой и продуктивный словообразовательный
                    элемент (славянские, балтийские, арийские). К последним, вместе с другими
                    иранскими языками, относится и осетинский. Живое словообразовательное
                    использование префикса иллюстрируется такими неологизмами, как <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>amkūsæg</w>
                        <gloss><q>сотрудник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmdidin</w>
                        <gloss><q>соцветие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmfater</w>
                        <gloss><q>живущий на той же квартире</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Более
                    старыми, но прозрачными для говорящих являются такие образования, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒærīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmʒærīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒærīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q>сожитель</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænbadīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">вместе
                        сидящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænxussīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">вместе
                        спящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænxætīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">товарищ по
                            бродяжничеству</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>спутник</q></gloss>
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T120525+0300" comment="this page has ænxætīnæ"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                                <biblScope>I
                        114</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned> и др. В то же
                    время во многих старых сращениях он уже не осознается как префикс, например <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsymær"><w>æfsymær</w>
                        <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">æmsyvær</w>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbīs"><w>æmbīs</w>
                        <gloss><q>половина</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbaryn"><w>æmbaryn</w>
                        <gloss><q>понимать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"><w>æmbyjyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>гнить</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"><w>æncoj</w>
                        <gloss><q>покой</q></gloss></ref> и др. Ос. <oRef>æm-</oRef> восходит к
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e313" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e121" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e318" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e126" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                                <w>sam-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> с утратой начального
                        <c>h</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"/>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e334" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e142" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e339" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e147" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>an-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e152" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                                <w>an-dav</w>
                                <gloss><q>лихорадка</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æn-tæf</w>
                                        <gloss><q>жара</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e355" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e163" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>im-</w>, <w>iw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e360" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e168" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w>, <w>han-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e365" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e173" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                                <w>ham-sar</w>
                                <gloss><q>равный по достоинству</q></gloss>, <gloss>буквально <q>по
                                        голове</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmsær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-sær</w>
                                        <gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e375" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e183" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e381" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e189" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>häm-</w>,
                            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T121615+0300" comment="check in book"?>hæ̈v-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e386" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e194" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e391" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e199" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">an-</w> (<w>ʼn</w>) </mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e396" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e204" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>ha-</w>, <w>ham-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e401" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e209" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                                <w>ham-raṣṭu</w>
                                <gloss><q>richtig</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmrast" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-rast</w>
                                        <gloss><q>прямо</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e412" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e220" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w>, <w>han-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e417" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e225" xml:lang="ae"><w>hāmō-xvarәθa-</w>
                                <gloss><q>совместно едящий</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmxwærd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-xwærd</w>
                                        <gloss><q>совместная
                                еда</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. За
                    пределами иранских языков ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e425" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e233" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e430" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e238" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-bhṛta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>собранный вместе</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyrd"><w>æmbyrd</w>
                                <gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e441" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e249" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e446" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e254" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>с-</w>, <w>со-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e451" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e259" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-</w>, <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e456" xml:id="mentioned_d3388e264" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>1175</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>27, 167</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Common Indo-European prefixal (in particular preverbal) particle
                    expressing comitativity, commonality, etc. In some languages we find it already
                    frozen in a limited number of old fused words (Greek, Latin, Germanic), in
                    others, as a living and productive derivational element (Slavic, Baltic, Aryan).
                    The latter group, along with other Iranian languages, includes Ossetic. The
                    productive derivational use of the prefix is illustrated by neologisms such as
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>amkūsæg</w>
                        <gloss><q>coworker</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmdidin</w>
                        <gloss><q>inflorescence (flower
                            cluster)</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T122311+0300" comment="added note"?><note type="footnote">Probably a calque from <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                                <w>so-cvetie</w>, <gloss>lit.
                                <q>co-flowering</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmfater</w>
                        <gloss><q>flatmate</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Older but transparent to
                    speakers are items such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒærīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmʒærīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒærīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q>cohabitant</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænbadīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one who sits
                        together</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænxussīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bedmate</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>ænxætīnæ</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T123432+0300" comment="Abaev has товарищ по бродяжничеству, but Miller&apos;s example sounds more like &quot;comrade in raiding/wandering&quot;, rather than бродяжничество as a kind of vagabondy (which is the normal Russian meaning of the word)"?>fellow
                                wanderer<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                            <gloss><q>companion</q></gloss>
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T120525+0300" comment="this page has ænxætīnæ"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                                <biblScope>I
                        114</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned> etc. At the
                    same time, in many old fused words, it is no longer recognized as a prefix, for
                    instance <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsymær"><w>æfsymær</w>
                        <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">æmsyvær</w>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbīs"><w>æmbīs</w>
                        <gloss><q>half</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbaryn"><w>æmbaryn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to understand</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"><w>æmbyjyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to rot</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"><w>æncoj</w>
                        <gloss><q>peace, quiet</q></gloss></ref> etc. Ossetic <oRef>æm-</oRef> goes
                    back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e313" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e318" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                                <w>sam-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> with loss of the initial
                        <c>h</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"/>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e334" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e339" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>an-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e344" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                                <w>an-dav</w>
                                <gloss><q>fever</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æn-tæf</w>
                                        <gloss><q>heat</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e355" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>im-</w>, <w>iw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e360" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>am-</w>, <w>an-</w>, <w>han-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e365" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                                <w>ham-sar</w>
                                <gloss><q>equal in
                                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T123757+0300" comment="? is this correct?"?>rank<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                                    <gloss>literally <q>in head</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmsær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-sær</w>
                                        <gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e375" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e381" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>häm-</w>,
                            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T121615+0300" comment="check in book"?>hæ̈v-<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e386" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e391" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">an-</w> (<w>ʼn</w>) </mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e396" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>ha-</w>, <w>ham-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e401" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                                <w>ham-raṣṭu</w>
                                <gloss><q>richtig</q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmrast" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-rast</w>
                                        <gloss><q>straight
                                (ahead)</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e412" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w>, <w>han-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e417" xml:lang="ae"><w>hāmō-xvarәθa-</w>
                                <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T124035+0300" comment="check in dictionaries (AiW?)"?>one
                                        sharing a meal, commensal<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
                                <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmxwærd" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                        <w>æm-xwærd</w>
                                        <gloss><q>common
                            meal</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Outside
                    of the Iranian languages, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e425" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e430" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-bhṛta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>gathered together</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyrd"><w>æmbyrd</w>
                                <gloss>id.</gloss></ref></note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e441" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e446" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>s-</w>, <w>so-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e451" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>sam-</w>, <w>są-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3388e456" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ham-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>1175</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>27, 167</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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