<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tyzmæg</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tyzmæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1252e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tyzmæg</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tuzmæg</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1252e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сердитый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>angry</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>гневный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>wrathful</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>суровый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>harsh</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>грозный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>fearsome</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmægæj</oRef> mæm ma kæs, mæ fydy
              zærond</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не смотри на меня сурово, мой старик отец</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not look at me sternly, my old father</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nīk˳y ʒy feq˳ystoj wajʒæf,
                <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> nyxas</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никогда не слышали от него упрека, гневного
                слова</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have never heard a reproach or an angry word
                from him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zon, kæd <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> mæxī daryn,
              wæddær dæm mæsty næ dæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">знай, хоть я держусь (с тобой) сурово, все же я
                на тебя не сержусь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">know that even though I am being harsh (with
                you), I am still not angry with you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">amydta īw rævdawgæ wæd, <oRef>tyzmægæj</oRef>
              wæd je ʽvsymæræn Salǵenyq</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то ласково, то гневно поучал своего брата
                Салдженык</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Saldzhenyk lectured his brother sometimes
                affectionately, sometimes angrily</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza jæ ūsmæ bynton
              <oRef>ystyzmæg</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза стал особенно суров к своей жене</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza became especially harsh to his wife</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ fyd mænæn wydīs <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef>
              læg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отец у меня был человек суровый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my father was a tough man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>124</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zaǧta: dæ bon xorz, <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef>
              ūspadcax!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молвил: здравствуй, грозная царица</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he said: greetings, oh mighty Tsaritsa!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
                  <title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 173</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
                </pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 173</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> qaggænǵytæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">грозная стража</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grim guards</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
                  <title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 173</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
                </pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 173</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> ulæntæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сердитые волны</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">angry waters</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
                  <title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 174</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
                </pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 174</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализованное причастие на <m>-æg</m> от <mentioned xml:lang="os"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T202429+0300" comment="ок ос. mntnd?"?><w type="rec">tyzmyn</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
                <biblScope>§ 110, 169<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I
              1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Глагол <w type="rec">tyzmyn</w> в
          спрягаемых формах в иронском не засвидетельствован, но д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> хорошо документировано. Развитие значения (<q>спешащий</q>,
            <q>быстрый</q> → <q>вспыльчивый</q>, <q>сердитый</q>) находит надежные аналогии в других
          языках. Так, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>hasty</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(от <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>hasten</w>
                <gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note> означает не только
                <gloss><q>поспешный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss>, но также
                <gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quick to anger</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
                <biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang>Ав.</lang>
            <w>aešma-</w>
            <gloss><q>ярость</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">образовано от <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>aeš-</w>
                <gloss><q>приходить в быстрое движение</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>31,
              35–36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_turg" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>turg</w>
            <gloss><q>сердитый</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>türge(n)</w>
            <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>naglъ</w>
            <gloss><q>поспешный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned> при
            <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>náhlý</w>
            <gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>náhlost</w>
            <gloss><q>furor</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
              <w>naprasat</w>
              <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><w>náprasit</w>
              <gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>резкий</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>грубый</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Этимология 1964</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>стр. 27, 30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;
            <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>ǰengil</w>
            <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>сердитый</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Об этимологических связях ос.
            <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_2"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Adyar Library
              Bulletin</title>
            <biblScope>XXV 5</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A lexicalized <m>-æg</m>-participle from <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">tyzmyn</w>
            <gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
                <biblScope>§ 110, 169<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I
              1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Conjugated forms of the verb <w type="rec">tyzmyn</w> is not attested in Iron, but Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> is well documented. The meaning development (<q>hurrying</q>,
            <q>fast</q> → <q>hot-tempered</q>, <q>angry</q>) has reliable analogies in other
          languages. For example, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>hasty</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>hasten</w></mentioned>)</note> means not only
                <gloss><q>hurried</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss>, but also
                <gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quick to anger</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
                <biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>aešma-</w>
            <gloss><q>fury</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">is derived from
                <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>aeš-</w>
                <gloss><q>come into rapid motion</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>31, 35–36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
          Cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_turg" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>turg</w>
            <gloss><q>angry</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>türge(n)</w>
            <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>naglъ</w>
            <gloss><q>hasty</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>náhlý</w>
            <gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>náhlost</w>
            <gloss><q>furor</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
              <w>naprasat</w>
              <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><w>náprasit</w>
              <gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>harsh</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>rude</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Ètimologija 1964</title>,
                  <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>p. 27,
                30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>ǰengil</w>
            <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>angry</q></gloss></mentioned>. — On the etymological connections of Ossetic
            <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_2"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Adyar Library
              Bulletin</title>
            <biblScope>XXV 5</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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