<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don_1</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_don_1" n="1" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3816e66" type="lemma"><orth>don</orth></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_don_1.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>река</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>river</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_don_1.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>вода</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>water</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3816e89">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3816e91" type="lemma"><orth>dojnag</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3816e94"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>речной</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>fluvial</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d3816e105">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3816e107" type="lemma"><orth>don kænyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3816e110"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>плавить</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e118">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e120">
                        <quote>don kæly jæ ræzty ūrs æxsærʒæntæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>река льется перед ним белыми водопадами</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the river flows in front of him like white waterfalls</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e139">
                        <quote>taǧd don fūrdy ne ʽjjafy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>быстрая река не достигает моря</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the fast river does not reach the sea</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            225</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e158">
                        <quote>wæ siaxsy wyn don fælasy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>вашего зятя уносит река</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>your son-in-law is carried away by the river</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e177">
                        <quote>donlast</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q rendition="rend_singlequotes">утопленник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q rendition="rend_singlequotes">drowned man</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e194">
                        <quote>qrīqupp xæstæǵyty donbyltyl zīly</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>журавль поблизости бродит по берегам реки</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a crane is wandering nearby along the banks of the river</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e214" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>nixxawdtæj mard i donmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>труп свалился в реку</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the corpse fell into the river</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e236" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>don-don cæwun bajdædtoncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>они стали идти вдоль реки</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they began to walk along the river</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>10%l10%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e258">
                        <quote>ærtæjæ ʒæǧa dojnag dūr ærbatyldtoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>втроем привалили речной камень-кварц</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>three of us leaned river quartz stone</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 60</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e277" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>donæxsincʼæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>верба</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>pussy-willow</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (буквально „речная алыча“)</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (literally “river alycha”)</note>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e306" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>donmistæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>речная мышь</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>river mouse</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            172</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e328">
                        <quote>donmæ skʼæryn æmæ fæstæmæ ænæ donæj yzdaxyn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>издевательски мучить кого-либо’, ‘измываться над кем-либо</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>mockingly torture someone’,‘torture someone</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (буквально „гнать к реке и возвращать,
                            не дав напиться“)</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (literally “drive someone to the river
                            and return without letting drink”)</note>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e355">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e357">
                        <quote>don kæstæræj nywazync</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>воду пьют (начиная) с младшего</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they drink water (starting) from the youngest</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            202</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e376">
                        <quote>ældary æxx˳yrstytæ bæxtæ raskʼærdtoj don darynmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>слуги алдара погнали лошадей на водопой</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Aldar's servants drove the horses to the watering-place</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e395" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>wazal doni æ kʼox ne ʽstolʒænæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в холодную воду он не окунет руки</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he will not dip his hands in cold water</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e413">
                        <quote>dony aræxæn dæ card</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(да будет) твоя жизнь обильна, (как) вода</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(let) your life be abundant, (like) water</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e428">
                        <quote>dony kʼūsy sæft fækodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>пропал, как чаша воды</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>[he] has disappeared like a bowl of water</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <re xml:id="re_d3816e444">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3816e446" type="lemma"><orth>qærmædon</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3816e449"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>теплая (минеральная) вода</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>warm (mineral) water</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d3816e460">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3816e462" type="lemma"><orth>komy don</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3816e465"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>слюна</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>saliva</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d3816e476">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3816e478" type="lemma"><orth>donxuz</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3816e481"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>цвета воды</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>water flowers</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e499">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e501">
                        <quote>ūcy ḱysylty nyjjarǵyty kæwyn, ʒynazynæj kʼæʒæx badon wydaid</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>от плача и стенания родителей тех малышей расплавилась бы скала</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the rock would melt because of the crying and groaning of the parents
                                of those kids</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e724" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e524" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*dānu-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e729" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e529" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>dānu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned> (=‘Сыр-Дарья’?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e737" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e537" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dānu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>капель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e745" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e545" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>роса</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вариант того же корня с начальным
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dh</hi> выступает, может быть, в глагольной основе <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dhan</hi>- ‘течь’, ‘бежать’,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e751" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e551" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dhanayati</w>
                        <gloss><q>бежит</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e760" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e560" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhanvati</w>
                        <gloss><q>бежит</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e766" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e566" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>течет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e772" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e572" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>danuvatiy</w>
                        <gloss><q>течет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e780" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e580" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>danīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>бежать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> перед носовым
                    восходит, как обычно, к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, что позволяет восстановить форму *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>. Эту
                    более старую форму мы в изобилии встречаем в названиях рек в местах прежнего
                    обитания предков осетин: в горной Кабарде — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Saw-dan</hi> „Черная река“,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ǧar-dan</hi> „Теплая река“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kurannan</hi> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuran-dan</hi>) „Мельничная река“,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Xwas-dān</hi> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwasæ"/> д. ‘сено’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Aǧaš-dan</hi>
                        (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e790" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e590" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>aǧač</w>
                        <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e799" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e599" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>лес</q></gloss></mentioned>) и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>); в Кубанском
                    крае —ʽΟυαρ-δαν-ηζ древнее название Кубани по Птолемею (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Zag-dan</hi> (из
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sag-dan</hi>) „Оленья река“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Qvai-dan</hi> и др.; в Южной России — Ταν-αις „Дон“,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-apr</hi> „Днепр“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Astr</hi> „Днестр“ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">235
                            сл.</biblScope></bibl>); ср.
                    также скифское племенное название Δανδαριοι (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dandarii</hi>) буквально „владеющие
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>) рекой (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>)“ и собственное имя Δαναραζμακος (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Varazmak</hi>
                    „Донской Варазмак“?). Переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi> произошел не ранее XIII—XIV в.
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>), когда осетинский элемент массово не
                    был уже представлен в Южной России. Поэтому <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русскую</hi> форму <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e828" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e622" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>Дон</w></mentioned> нельзя связывать непосредственно с современным
                    осетинским <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi>. Огласовка <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ο</hi> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e833" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e628" xml:lang="ru"><w>Дон</w></mentioned> отражает, возможно, общеславянский переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> →
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi>. Совпадение значений ‘река’ и ‘вода’ в одном слове не было для осетинского
                    исконным. В скифо-сарматских именах и названиях сохранились следы иранского
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- в значении ‘вода’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">153 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Этот же элемент мы распознаем в некоторых
                    осетинских словах: см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘стекло’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/> ‘раствор золы’ и пр., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> (из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf-særʒæn</hi>) ‘водопад’. Можно поэтому
                    утверждать, что в скифо-сарматскую эпоху существовало два слова: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- →
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">af</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi>- ‘вода’ и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dān</hi> ‘река’. Позднее, в условиях жизни в горах
                    Кавказа, где обильные горный реки служат единственным источником получения воды,
                    легко могло произойти слияние значений ‘река’ и ‘вода’ в одном слове. Ср. у
                    других кавказских народов: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e848" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e642" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>cʼqali</w>
                        <gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e856" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e651" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned> (в названиях <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e862" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e657" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>Cxenis cʼqali</w></mentioned> и т. п.), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e867" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e662" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>psə</w>
                        <gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e875" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e670" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e881" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e676" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
                        <w>xij</w>
                        <gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e890" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e684" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"/> ‘жажда’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swadon"/>
                            ‘родник’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">19, 46, 162, 199, 235
                            сл</biblScope></bibl>,— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV 42—44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/><biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e524" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e724" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*dānu-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e529" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e729" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>dānu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned> (=‘Syr Darya’?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e537" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e737" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dānu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>drippings</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e545" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e745" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>dew</q></gloss></mentioned>. A variant of the same root with an
                    initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dh</hi> appears, perhaps, in the verb stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dhan</hi>- ‘flow’, ‘run’,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e551" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e751" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>dhanayati</w>
                        <gloss><q>(s)he/it runs</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e560" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e760" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhanvati</w>
                        <gloss><q>(s)he/it runs</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e566" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e766" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>(s)he/it flows</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e572" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e772" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>danuvatiy</w>
                        <gloss><q>(s)he/it flows</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e580" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e780" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>danīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>run</q></gloss></mentioned>. The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> before a nasal
                    consonant regularly traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, which allows us to reconstruct the
                    form *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>. This older form is found in abundance in the names of rivers in
                    the places where the ancestors of the Ossetic people used to live: in the
                    mountain Kabarda — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Saw-dan</hi> “Black river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ǧar-dan</hi> “Warm river”,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kurannan</hi> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuran-dan</hi>) “Mill river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Xwas-dān</hi> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwasæ"/> Digor ‘hay’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Aǧaš-dan</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e590" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e790" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>aǧač</w>
                        <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e599" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e799" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>forest</q></gloss></mentioned>) etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>); in the Kuban
                    region —ʽΟυαρ-δαν-ηζ is an ancient name for Kuban according to Ptolemy
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Zag-dan</hi> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sag-dan</hi>) “Deer
                    river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Qvai-dan</hi> etc.; in Southern Russian — Ταν-αις “Don”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-apr</hi>
                    “Dnieper”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Astr</hi> “Dniester” (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">235 ff.</biblScope></bibl>); cf. also Scythian tribe name <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3816e818" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>Δανδαριοι</w></mentioned> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dandarii</hi>) literally “possessing (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>)
                    a river (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>)” and the proper name Δαναραζμακος (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Varazmak</hi>
                    „Varazmak of Don“?). The transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi> happened not earlier than
                    in XIII—XIV c. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>), when the Ossetic element was not
                    massively represented in South Russia. This is why the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> form
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e622" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e828" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>Don</w></mentioned> cannot be directly associated with modern Ossetic
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi>. The vocalization <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ο</hi> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e628" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e833" xml:lang="ru"><w>Don</w></mentioned> probably represents a coomon Slavic transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>
                    → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi>. The coincidence of the meanings ‘river’ and ‘water’ in one word was not
                    original for the Ossetic. The Scythian-Sarmatian names and terms retain traces
                    of the Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- meaning ‘water’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">153 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The
                    same element is found in some Ossetic words: see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘glass’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/> ‘ash
                    solution’ etc., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> (from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf-særʒæn</hi>)
                    ‘waterfall’. Therefore, it can be argued that in the Scythian-Sarmatian times
                    there were two words: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">af</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi>- ‘water’ and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dān</hi> ‘river’.
                    Later, in conditions of life in the mountains of the Caucasus, where abundant
                    mountain rivers serve as the only source of water, it could easily have merged
                    the meanings of ‘river’ and ‘water’ in one word. Cf. other Caucasian languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e642" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e848" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>cʼqali</w>
                        <gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e651" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e856" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned> (in the names <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e657" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e862" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>Cxenis cʼqali</w></mentioned> etc.), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e662" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e867" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>psə</w>
                        <gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e670" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e875" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e676" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e881" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
                        <w>xij</w>
                        <gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e684" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e890" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"/> ‘thirst’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swadon"/>
                            ‘spring’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">19, 46, 162, 199, 235
                            ff</biblScope></bibl>,— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV 42—44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/><biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>