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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyd</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zyd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1775e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyd</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zud</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1775e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>жадный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>greedy</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>жадность</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>greed</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyd kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">быть жадным</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be greedy</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>жадничать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>get greedy</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zydyka</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жадюга</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">greedy person</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyd æmæ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жадный и алчный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">greedy and avaricious</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræǧ <oRef>zyd</oRef> kæj kæny, ḱīdærid
              zony</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что волк жаден, знает всякий</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that the wolf is greedy, everyone knows</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ <oRef>zyd</oRef> æmæ sæ kæræfæn æmbal næ
              wydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их жадности и алчности не было равной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their greed and avarice was unmatched</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wydīs īw padcax æmæ wydīs <oRef>zyd</oRef>
              æmæ kæræf</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">был один царь, и был он жаден и алчен</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there was one king, and he was greedy and
                avaricious</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 372</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Būryl <oRef>zyd</oRef> baftyd, æmæ ʽsrazy jæ
              xojy awæj kænynmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на Бура напала жадность, и он согласился
                продать свою сестру</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bur was
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230719T115046+0300" comment="?"?>attacked<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                by greed, and he agreed to sell his sister</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 114</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don g˳ylf-g˳ylf kæny, jæ kærætty dūrtæm
              færankaw <oRef>zydæj</oRef> læbūry</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">река бурлит, на прибрежные камни кидается
                жадно, как барс</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the river is boiling, it throws itself greedily
                on the coastal stones, like a leopard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1957 III 30</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zūta-</w>
            <note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w>
                <gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Исходное значение —
            <q>поспешный</q>, <q>быстрый</q>, <q>стремительный</q>, откуда легко могло развиться
          значение <q>жадный</q>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"><w>xælæfæj</w></ref> не
          только <q>жадно</q>, но <q>стремительно</q>, <q>в сильной спешке</q>. Ближайшие
          соответствия: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
              <w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>zū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt" extralang="tly"><lang/>
              <w>zū</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zəvištya-</w>
            <gloss><q>быстрейший</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(превосх. степень от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>uzuti-</w>
              (<w>uz-zuti-</w>) <gloss><q>быстро вытекающий</q><note type="comment"> (о родниковой
                воде)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
              <w>ǰūta-</w>
              <note type="comment">прош. причастие от <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰū-</w>
                  <gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰūti-</w>
              <gloss><q>спешка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>побуждение</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
                <biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Liebert</author>. <title>Das
                  Nominalsuffix -ti- im Altindischen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>стр. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
          Допускается связь иранского корня <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">z<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230410T183128+0300" comment="почему здесь другая u" id="lkg_r3q_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T133805+0300" parentID="lkg_r3q_byb" comment="не знаю" mid="2"?>u<?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
          с корнем <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gu-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Reichelt</author>. <title>Awestisches
                  Elementarbuch</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1909</date>,
                  <biblScope>§ 68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, который распознается в ос.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧ0yjyn"><w>a-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
            <gloss><q>повадиться</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_īvǧ0yjyn"><w>īv-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
            <gloss><q>миновать</q></gloss></ref>. См., однако: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hoffmann._Aufsätze"/>
            <biblScope>I 258–261</biblScope></bibl>. — Из осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>zut</w>
            <gloss><q>обжора</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 154</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zūta-</w>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w>
                <gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. The initial meaning is
            <q>hasty</q>, <q>fast</q>, <q>swift</q>, from which the meaning <q>greedy</q> could have
          easily evolved. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"><w>xælæfæj</w></ref> which means
          not only <q>greedily</q>, but also <q>rapidly</q>, <q>in a great hurry</q>. The closest
          correspondences: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
              <w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>zū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt" extralang="tly"><lang/>
              <w>zū</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zəvištya-</w>
            <gloss><q>fastest</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(the superlative form of <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>uzuti-</w>
              (<w>uz-zuti-</w>) <gloss><q>fast flowing</q><note type="comment"> (about spring
                water)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
              <w>ǰūta-</w>
              <note type="comment">past participle of <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰū-</w>
                  <gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰūti-</w>
              <gloss><q>rush</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>motivation</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
                <biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Liebert</author>. <title>Das
                  Nominalsuffix -ti- im Altindischen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The
          relation between Iranian root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">z<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230410T183128+0300" comment="почему здесь другая u" id="lkg_r3q_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T133805+0300" parentID="lkg_r3q_byb" comment="не знаю" mid="4"?>u<?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
          and the root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gu-</w> is possible <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Reichelt</author>. <title>Awestisches Elementarbuch</title>.
                  <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1909</date>, <biblScope>§
                68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, the latter is recognized in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧ0yjyn"><w>a-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
            <gloss><q>get into the habit</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_īvǧ0yjyn"><w>īv-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
            <gloss><q>pass</q></gloss></ref>. See, however: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hoffmann._Aufsätze"/>
            <biblScope>I 258–261</biblScope></bibl>. — Из осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>zut</w>
            <gloss><q>обжора</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 154</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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