<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sk˳yxyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_sk0yxyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3758e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sk˳yxyn</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>skwyxyn</orth></form><form type="participle"><orth>sk˳yxt</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æskʼwænxun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æskʼwænxt</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>æskʼuxt</orth></form></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3758e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>отличаться</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>excel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>совершать подвиг</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>perfome a heroic act</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>rask˳yxyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оказаться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn out</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>sk˳yxt</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отличившийся</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">excelling</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>прославленный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>glorified</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>герой</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>hero</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">эвфемистически </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">euphemistically </note>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>покойник</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>dead man</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>sk˳yxt(ʒīnad)</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подвиг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">feat</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūdonæj dīssagdær <oRef>rask˳yxtī</oRef> mænæ
              mæ kæstær ævsymærtæj Xetæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чудеснее их отличился из моих младших братьев
                Хетаг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khetæg, one of my younger brothers, excelled
                more wonderfully than them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæm qæbatyr... <oRef>rask˳yxtī</oRef>
              toxy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в бою он оказался таким храбрым</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was so brave in battle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æʒællagmæ ʽrcydysty Narty <oRef>sk˳yxt</oRef>
              fæsīvæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прославленная нартовская молодежь дошла до
                плачевного состояния</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the famous Nart young people has reached a
                <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230129T150245+0300" comment="??????"?>poor
                condition<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 3</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">padcaxæn qyg wydīs, mæg˳yr læǵy fyrt aftæ kæj
                <oRef>rask˳yxtīs</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">царю было неприятно, что сын бедняка так
                отличился</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tsar was displeased that the poor man's son
                had excelled so much</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">igurd <oRef>feskʼwænxtæj</oRef> æma æxe
              qiamætæj ǧæw isæntudta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">рожденный</q>) оказался героем и своим трудом сколотил аул</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">born</q>) turned out to be a hero and made a
                village by himself</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">igurdi xucaw æskʼwænxt læg fækkodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">родившийся оказался божьей волей героем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the one who was born turned out to be a hero by
                God's will</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dugejæn ew furt
              <oRef>feskʼwælxtæj</oRef></quote>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Дуге отличился один сын</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of Duge's son excelled</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ feskʼwælxtewæg ǧæwama feǧosun kænoncæ sæ
              fætægæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о своем подвиге они должны сообщить своему
                вождю</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they must inform their leader about their
                feat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xudta mæ zar <oRef>sguxtæj</oRef>
              <oRef>æsguxtmæ</oRef></quote>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">песня звала меня от подвига к подвигу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the song called me from feat to feat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
              <biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ælbegaty <oRef>sk˳yxtyty</oRef> wælæwyl ma
              nywwaʒut</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не оставьте непогребенными покойников
                Албеговых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not leave the Albegov deadmen unburied</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">skau-k-</w>, <w type="rec">sku-k-</w></mentioned>, дигорская форма — к
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skwa-n-k-</w></mentioned>, индоевропейская база
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
            <gloss><q>замечать</q>, <q>быть заметным, видным</q>, <q>выделяться
            чем-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>. Экспрессивный смычно-гортанный <c>kʼ</c> в дигорском
          (при иронском <c>k</c>) — как в некоторых других случаях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myrtkæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">murkʼæ</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>382, § 23</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>škōh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šukōh</w>
            <gloss><q>достоинство</q>, <q>величие</q>, <q>великолепие</q>, <q>блеск</q>,
                <q>слава</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из многочисленных индоевропейских соответствий
          приведем только семантически для нас более существенные: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>skauns</w>
            <gloss><q>видный собой</q>, <q>красивый</q>, <q>прекрасный</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
            <w>skōni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>scōni</w>
            <gloss><q>прекрасный</q>, <q>блестящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κῦδος</w>
            <gloss><q>слава</q>, специально <q>военная слава</q></gloss>, <w>κυδρός</w>
            <w>κυδάλιμος</w>
            <gloss><q>славный</q>, <q>прославленный</q>, <q>знаменитый</q>, <q>мужественный</q>,
                <q>храбрый</q>, <q>удалой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>čudo</w></mentioned>. Семантика <q>славы</q>, <q>подвига</q>, присущая <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>skux-</m></mentioned> и некоторым его соответствиям в других языках, как нельзя лучше
          подходит для мужского собственного имени у такого воинственного народа, как скифы (саки).
          И мы действительно знаем такое имя. Это — имя вождя саков <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned>, которого захватил в плен персидский царь Дарий I в 518 г.
          до н. э. (<bibl><title>Бехистунская надпись</title>, <biblScope>V столбец, 28-я
              строка</biblScope></bibl>). Разительное совпадение <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">sku(n)x-</m>
            <gloss><q>совершать подвиг</q>, <q>быть героем</q></gloss></mentioned> и сакского имени
            <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned> представляет одно из ярких
          свидетельств зыковой близости осетин и саков.<lb/><bibl><author>Фрейман</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
            <biblScope>1948, стр. 239 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">skau-k-</w>, <w type="rec">sku-k-</w></mentioned>, a Digor form — to
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skwa-n-k-</w></mentioned>, the Indo-European
          base is <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
            <gloss><q>notice</q>, <q>be visible, prominent</q>, <q>stand out with
              something</q></gloss></mentioned>. An expressive ejective <c>kʼ</c> is in Digor (while
          having <c>k</c>) — as in some other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myrtkæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">murkʼæ</w></ref> etc.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>382, § 23</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>škōh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šukōh</w>
            <gloss><q>dignity</q>, <q>magnificence</q>, <q>greatness</q>, <q>shine</q>,
              <q>glory</q></gloss></mentioned>. Of numerous Indo-European correspondances we will
          cite only those that are semantically more significant: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>skauns</w>
            <gloss><q>notable</q>, <q>beautiful</q>, <q>attractive</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
            <w>skōni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>scōni</w>
            <gloss><q>attractive</q>, <q>brilliant</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κῦδος</w>
            <gloss><q>glory</q>, especially <q>military glory</q></gloss>, <w>κυδρός</w>
            <w>κυδάλιμος</w>
            <gloss><q>glorious</q>, <q>glorified</q>, <q>famous</q>, <q>courageous</q>,
              <q>brave</q>, <q>daring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>čudo</w></mentioned>. The semantics of <q>glory</q>, <q>feat</q>, that is common to
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>skux-</m></mentioned> and some of its correspondances in other languages, could not
          be better suited for a male proper name of such a warlike people as the Scythians (Saks).
          And we do know such a name. This is the name of the leader of the Saks <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned>, who was captured by the Persian king Darius I
          in 518 BC . (<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Behistun Inscription</title>, <biblScope>V
                column, 28 line</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). A dramatic coincidence of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">sku(n)x-</m>
            <gloss><q>perform a feat</q>, <q>be a hero</q></gloss></mentioned> and Saka name
            <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned> It is one of the clearest evidences
          of the linguistic proximity of Ossetians and Saks.<lb/><bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Freiman</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
              <biblScope>1948, p. 239 ff</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
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