<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tu</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tu" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3854e66" type="lemma"><orth>tu</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3854e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>плевок</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>spit (n.)</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tu kænyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tutæ
              kænyn</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плевать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spit (v.)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>listuq</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>lixsun</w>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></ref>. — По народным поверьям, плевку в определенных
          случаях приписывалось апотропеическое значение, как средству против «дурного глаза»</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>listuq</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>lixsun</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></ref>. — According to popular beliefs, in certain cases,
          spitting was attributed an apotropaic meaning, as a remedy against the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">evil eye</q></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">G˳yrʒyxan jæ fæstæ <oRef>atutæ</oRef>
              kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Гурдзыхан поплевался ему вслед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gurdzykhan spat
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T014535+0300" comment="??"?>after
                him<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw kærʒyny mūr jæ ʒyxy bakodta, fælæ...
              anyqq˳yryn jæ bon nal wyd æmæ jæ fæstæmæ jæ kʼūxmæ <oRef>ratu</oRef> kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау сунула в рот крошку хлеба, но уже не
                смогла ее проглотить и выплюнула ее обратно в руку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw put a crumb of bread in her mouth, but she
                could not swallow it anymore and spat it back into her hand</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don sæm næ wydīs aftæmæj yssadyl
                <oRef>tutæ</oRef> kodtoj æmæ jæ aftæmæj yzmæstoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у них не было воды, и они плевали на муку и
                таким образом ее замешивали</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they had no water, and they spat on the flour
                and thus kneaded it</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dwaryl <oRef>batu</oRef> kænūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плюньте на дверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spit on the door</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj <oRef>atu</oRef> kodta zæxxmæ, jæ
                <oRef>tu</oRef> syǵytīmæ syzmæsta æmæ ūcy syǵytæj bajsærstæ k˳yrmæn jæ
              cæstytæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он плюнул на землю, сделал брение из плюновения
                и помазал брением глаза слепому</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he spat on the ground, and made clay of the
                spittle, and he anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">9</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soltan <oRef>ærtutæ</oRef> kodta jæ kʼūxtyl
              æmæ kʼæbælyl nyxxæcyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Солтан поплевал на руки и схватился за дрюк</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soltan spat on his hands and grabbed the
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T014720+0300" comment="дрюк????"?>pole<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kalmy komy xæfs ḱī fena, wælxūr stʼaly, ūdon
                <oRef>tu</oRef> xorz æxx˳ys kæny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто увидит во рту змеи лягушку, над солнцем
                звезду, плевок тех хорошо помогает (против дурного глаза)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who sees a frog in the mouth of a snake, a star
                above the sun, the spit of those helps well (against the evil eye)</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæsti arfægænæg... suvællonbæl
                <oRef>batutæ</oRef> kænuj, cænxi kʼærtt ba arti rakænuj, ma e ku nikʼkʼærccitæ kæna,
              wædta ǧæræj isʒoruj: cæstægænægi cæstæ ojaw fætʼtʼæpp wæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заклинательница против (дурного) глаза плюет на
                ребенка, кладет кусок соли в огонь, и когда он (кусок соли) трескается, она громко
                говорит: пусть так же лопнет глаз сглазчика</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the caster against the (evil) eye spits on the
                child, puts a piece of salt in the fire, and when it (the piece of salt) cracks, she
                says loudly: let the eye of the person who jinxed them burst in the same way</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 173</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xwasʒawtæ bajragmæ kæsunæj ne ʽfsastæncæ;
              cuma in fæccæstudæj tarstæncæ otæ ibæl <oRef>batutæ</oRef> kænioncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">косари не могли наглядеться на жеребенка; точно
                опасаясь для него сглаза, они поплевывали на него</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mowers could not see enough of the colt; as
                if fearing the evil eye for him, they spat on him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 25</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Звукоподражание, повторяющееся с вариациями в различных генетически не
          связанных языках, в частности индоевропейских: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tuf</w>, <w>tuh</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>tuf zadan</phr>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>tu</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tu kirin</phr>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>tū</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>tūkəl</w>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>tü</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
              <w>thuru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>thūthū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
              <w>thukka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
              <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mr" extralang="pa"><lang/>
              <w>thū</w>, <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <w>tuk</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
                <biblScope>778</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
                <biblScope>XXI 439</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
                <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
                <biblScope>348, № 6102</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В кавказских:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>tujze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
              <w>tudu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>tunkʼes</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>tfujar</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
              <w>tutu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="rut"><lang/>
              <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
              <w>tubus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>tuj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tug</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>слюна</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
            <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
            <w>tu</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang>тюрк.
              (анат)</lang>
            <w>tükür-</w>
            <gloss><q>плевать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сопоставление ос. <oRef>tu</oRef> с
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>ṣṭhīvami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
              <w>πτύω</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>плюю</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hübschmann</author></bibl>,
              <bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author></bibl>) имеет лишь идеофонический, а не
          этимологический смысл. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang>Д.</lang>
            <w>listuq</w>
            <gloss><q>плевок</q></gloss></ref>, вероятно, из <w>lixs-tuq-</w>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>59–60</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Onomatopoeia, repeated with variations in various genetically unrelated
          languages, in particular Indo-European: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tuf</w>, <w>tuh</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>tuf
              zadan</phr>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>tu</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><phr>tu
              kirin</phr>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>tū</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>tūkəl</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>tü</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="khw"><lang/>
              <w>thuru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>thūthū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
              <w>thukka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
              <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mr" extralang="pa"><lang/>
              <w>thū</w>, <w>thūk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <w>tuk</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
                <biblScope>778</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kretschmer</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
                <biblScope>XXI 439</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Rep._Afgh."/>
                <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
                <biblScope>348, № 6102</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In Caucasian
          languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>tujze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
              <w>tudu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>tunkʼes</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>tfujar</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
              <w>tutu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="rut"><lang/>
              <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
              <w>tubus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>tuj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tug</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>saliva</q></gloss></mentioned>. See here also
            <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
            <w>tu</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang/>
            <w>tükür-</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>. The comparison of Ossetic <oRef>tu</oRef>
          with <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>ṣṭhīvami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
              <w>πτύω</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>I spit</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hübschmann</author></bibl>,
              <bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author></bibl>) it has only an ideophonic, not an
          etymological meaning. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_listuq" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>listuq</w>
            <gloss><q>spit (n.)</q></gloss></ref> is probably from <w>lixs-tuq-</w>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lixsun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>59–60</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>