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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒyrǧa</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_ʒyrǧa" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1979e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒyrǧa</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1979e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒirǧæg</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1979e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>часть плуга (резец или нож)</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>part of the plough (chisel or share)</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1979e82" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                    <lang/>
                    <gramGrp xml:lang="ru"><number>мн. ч.</number></gramGrp>
                    <gramGrp xml:lang="en"><number>pl.</number></gramGrp>
                    <form xml:id="form_d1979e92" type="lemma"><orth>ʒirǧægutæ</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1979e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>плужные резцы</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>plough chisels</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>245%l3%l</biblScope></bibl></note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>245%l3%l</biblScope></bibl></note>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1979e117">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1979e119">
                        <quote>æz tærsyn… k˳yr kʼambecy ʒyrǧajæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>я боюсь плужного резца, (влекомого) бугаем-буйволом</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I am afraid of the plough chisel, which is being pulled by the huge
                                ox</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            191</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1979e138" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fæd-fædi cuppærdæs traktortæ cæwuj, avd dæsi sæ ʒirǧæg awæʒtæ
                            kaluj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>один за другим идут четырнадцать тракторов, их плужные резцы
                                отваливают семьдесят борозд</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>fourteen tractors are going one after another, their chisels are
                                ripping seventy furrows</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1979e160" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>sædæ æfsæni ma sædæ ʒirǧægi æ duwwæ usqebæl ærawiǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>сто лемехов и сто плужных резцов навесил он на свои два плеча</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he hung a hundred shares and a hundred chisels onto his two
                                shoulders</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            66</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Как ни соблазнительно было бы и по звучанию и по значению
                    связать это слово с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cirǧ</hi> ‘острый’,
                    приходится взять на учет факты других языков: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e223" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e188" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯilǧa</w>
                        <gloss><q>разновидность сохи</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>: „соха без крыльев, рассчитанная на запряжку
                    нескольких пар быков“). Существует также форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aǯilǧa</hi> (сообщение %sВ. В.
                    Бардавелидзе%s). Это последнее слово засвидетельствовано, с другой стороны, в
                    значении ‘жеребец’ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e234" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e199" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>aǯilǧa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e239" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e204" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>äǯəlǧ</w></mentioned>), что приводит нас к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e245" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e210" xml:lang="mn" extralang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>aǯirǧa, ačirǧa</w>
                        <gloss><q>жеребец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Перенос значения (‘жеребец’ →
                    ‘соха’) произошел, насколько можно судить по доступным материалам, не на
                    монголо-тюркской, а на кавказской (грузинской) почве. Такой перенос названия
                    животного на предмет материальной культуры — нередкое явление; ср. русск.
                    „(мостовой) бык“, „козлы“, перс. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xarak</hi> ‘осленок’ → ‘подставки’ → ‘машина для
                    очистки хлопка’ и др.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">However tempting it might be to compare this word both in terms
                    of its meaning and form to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrǧ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cirǧ</hi>
                    ‘sharp’, we have to take into account the following facts from other languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e188" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e223" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯilǧa</w>
                        <gloss><q>type of plough</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>: “a wooden plough without a spade, intended
                    for several pairs of oxen”). There is also the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aǯilǧa</hi> (V. V.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bardavelidze</hi>, personal communication). This last word is, on the other hand,
                    attested in the sense ‘stallion’ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e199" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e234" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>aǯilǧa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e204" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e239" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>äǯəlǧ</w></mentioned>), which leads us to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1979e210" xml:id="mentioned_d1979e245" xml:lang="mn" extralang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>aǯirǧa, ačirǧa</w>
                        <gloss><q>stallion</q></gloss></mentioned>. The transfer of meaning
                    (‘stallion → ‘plow’) has occured, as far as we can suggest based on available
                    data, not in Mongolian-Turkic, but in the Caucasian (Georgian) environment. Such
                    transfer of the name of animal to an object of material culture is rather
                    common; see Russian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">(mostovoj) byk</hi> ‘bridge pier’ (with <hi rendition="#rend_italic">byk</hi> ‘bull’),
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kozly</hi> ‘(coach) box’ (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kozël</hi> ‘goat’), Persian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xarak</hi> ‘colt’ →
                    ‘rack’ → ‘cotton-processing machine’ etc.</etym>
            </entry>
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