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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmbaj</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_æmbaj" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T184257+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d4957e66" type="lemma"><orth>æmbaj</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d4957e69" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
                    <usg><lang/></usg>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4957e72">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>сверстник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>peer</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4957e81">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ровесник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>age-mate</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4957e91">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4957e93">
                        <quote>ūj me <oRef>’mbaj</oRef> ū</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он мой сверстник</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he is my peer</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4957e108">
                        <quote><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T182044+0300" comment="NB: интересная конструкция"?>cæj
                            līʒæn ma væjjy<?oxy_comment_end ?> babajy <oRef>æmbajæn</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>где уж бежать тому, кто (достиг) возраста дедушки</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T182420+0300" comment="my bad attempt at capturing the topicality of the initial construction. a more precise translation would be &quot;can one of a grandfather&apos;s age run?&apos; but this sounds awkward"?>what
                                running is there to speak of<?oxy_comment_end ?> for one of a
                                grandfather’s age</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
                            <biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e242" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e130" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ham-āyu</w>
                        <gloss><q>ровесник</q></gloss></mentioned>. В первой части — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>префикс</gloss>
                        <m>ham-</m></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>æm</w></ref>, во второй — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āyu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>возраст</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e145" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>āyu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e262" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e150" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>ayu</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>возраст</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e271" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e159" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">āy</w> (<w>ʼ’yh</w>) <gloss><q>âge</q>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Gauthiot</author></bibl>)</note></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">désigne une certaine période de
                                temps, mais le sens précis manque еnсоrе</q>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
                                    <biblScope xml:lang="ru">II 177,
                                прим.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e287" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e175" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>āy-</w>
                        <gloss><q>жизнь</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                                <biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же,
                    возможно, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e299" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e187" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
                        <w>īmbaī</w>
                        <gloss><q>друзья</q></gloss></mentioned> (если из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-pāyu-</w></mentioned>, а не <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-pāθya-</w></mentioned>, как предполагает
                            <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>: <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL">IIFL</ref>
                        <biblScope>I 387</biblScope></bibl>). Раздвоение <c>m</c> → <c>mb</c> (<w type="rec">æmaj</w> → <oRef>æmbaj</oRef>) такого же порядка, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼambec"><w>kʼambec</w>
                        <gloss><q>буйвол</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e314" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e202" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                                <w>kameči</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> или в <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e319" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e207" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                            <w>chamber</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e324" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e212" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                            <w>chambre</w></mentioned>
                        <note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>camera</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. В данном случае
                    раздвоению <c>m</c> → <c>mb</c> содействовало несомненно также стремление
                    привести слоговую границу в соответствие с этимологическим сознанием, которое не
                    могло мириться со слоговым делением <w>æ-maj</w>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Этой же причиной вызывается, по нашему мнению, удвоение
                        конечных согласных при наращении суффиксов <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>: <w>qæd-ag</w>
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss><q>лесной</q></gloss> становится
                                <w>qæd-d-ag</w></mentioned>, чтобы избежать слогового деления
                            <w>qæ-dag</w>.</note> Промежуточной формой была, вероятно, <w type="rec">æmmaj</w>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbūxyn"/> из <w>æm-mūxyn</w>,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbūlyn"/> из <w>æm-mūlyn</w>. H. W.
                        <name>Bailey</name> дает неточное значение <gloss><q>companion</q></gloss> и
                    ошибочно возводит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hambāvya</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica">Asica</ref>
                        <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>). — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmgar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caqq"/>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e130" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e242" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ham-āyu</w>
                        <gloss><q>peer</q></gloss></mentioned>. The first part contains the
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>prefix</gloss>
                        <m>ham-</m></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>æm</w></ref>, the second one has <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āyu-</w>
                        <gloss><q>age</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e145" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e257" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>āyu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e150" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e262" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>ayu</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>age</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e271" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">āy</w> (<w>ʼ’yh</w>) <gloss><q>âge</q>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Gauthiot</author></bibl>)</note></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">désigne une certaine période de
                                temps, mais le sens précis manque еnсоrе</q>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
                                    <biblScope xml:lang="ru">II 177,
                            fn.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e175" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e287" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>āy-</w>
                        <gloss><q>life</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                                <biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Possibly
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e187" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e299" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
                        <w>īmbaī</w>
                        <gloss><q>friends</q></gloss></mentioned> is related (if it is from
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-pāyu-</w></mentioned> and not
                    from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-pāθya-</w></mentioned>, as
                    assumed by <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                        <biblScope>I 387</biblScope></bibl>). The <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T183926+0300" comment="? I do not know an exact term"?>bifurcation<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                    <c>m</c> → <c>mb</c> (<w type="rec">æmaj</w> → <w>æmbaj</w>) is the same as in
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼambec"><w>kʼambec</w>
                        <gloss><q>buffalo</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e202" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e314" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                                <w>kameči</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> or in <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e207" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e319" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                            <w>chamber</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4957e212" xml:id="mentioned_d4957e324" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                            <w>chambre</w></mentioned>
                        <note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>camera</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. In this case, the
                    change <c>m</c> → <c>mb</c> was undoubtedly facilitated by the desire to bring
                    the syllable boundary in alignment with the
                    <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T184034+0300" comment="I would reformulate it as &quot;with the morphological structure of the word&quot;, but this is slightly different from Abaev&apos;s take"?>etymological
                    understanding of the word<?oxy_comment_end ?>, which could not put up with the
                    syllabic division <w>æ-maj</w>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">In our
                        opinion, the same reason causes doubling of final consonants preceding the
                        suffixes <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>: <w>qæd-ag</w>
                        <gloss><q>of the forest</q></gloss> becomes <w>qæd-d-ag</w>, in order to
                        avoid the syllabic division <w>qæ-dag</w>.</note> The intermediate form was
                    probably <w type="rec">æmmaj</w>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbūxyn"/>
                    from <w>æm-mūxyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbūlyn"/> from
                        <w>æm-mūlyn</w>. H. W. <name>Bailey</name> inaccurately gives the meaning
                            <gloss><q>companion</q></gloss> and mistakenly traces the word back to
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hambāvya</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica">Asica</ref>
                        <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>). — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmgar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caqq"/>.</etym>
            </entry>
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