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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dard</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_dard" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3584e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>dard</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d3584e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>idar</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3584e72">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3584e73">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>далекий</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>distant</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3584e82">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>далеко</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>far (from)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3584e92">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e94">
                        <quote>dard ū mæ fændag</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>далек мой путь</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>my way is long</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e113">
                        <quote>fælyǧtæn īw dard</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>я убегал далеко</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I was running far away</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e132" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>eci doni bilæbæl, idard cardæj ew xan</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>далеко на берегу этой реки жил один хан</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>one khan lived far on the banks of this river</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
                            <biblScope>10<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e154">
                        <quote>nywwaǧta jæ īw dard qædy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>оставил его в отдаленном лесу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>left him in a distant forest</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
                            <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>- (из преверба <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi</hi>-) в дигорском и конечный -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> не оставляют сомнения, что перед нами
                    застывшее прош. причастие от глагола, означавшего ‘удаляться’ и т. п.: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i-dard</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-tarta</hi>-. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e242" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e176" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>vi-tar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>уносить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e250" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e184" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>удалять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e256" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e190" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vitīrṇatara-</w>
                        <gloss><q>дальше расположенный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e262" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e196" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>vi-tar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>переправлять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Простой глагол <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tar</hi>- сохранился в осетинском в значении
                    ‘гнать’, ‘угонять’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæryn_1"/>). Сближение со
                    славянским <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e273" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e207" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">даль</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e213" xml:lang="sla"><w n="0">дальний</w></mentioned>
                    и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>) не объясняет глагольного характера
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e285" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e221" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>dard</w></mentioned> и не поддерживается другими иранскими параллелями.
                    Сопоставление c <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e290" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e226" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>dərəta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>расколотый</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
                        <biblScope>30, 35</biblScope></bibl>) неприемлемо со стороны
                    семантики.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>- (from the
                    preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi</hi>-) in Digor form and the final -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> leave no doubt that it is a lexicalized past
                    participle form of the verb meaning ‘move away’ etc.: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i-dard</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-tarta</hi>-. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e176" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e242" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>vi-tar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>take away</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e184" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e250" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>delete</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e190" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e256" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vitīrṇatara-</w>
                        <gloss><q>further located</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e196" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e262" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>vi-tar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>transport to</q></gloss></mentioned>. A simple verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tar</hi>- remains in Ossetic in the meaning ‘drive
                    out’, ‘chase away’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæryn_1"/>). Bringing
                    together with Slavic <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e207" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e273" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
                        <w>dalь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e213" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e278" xml:lang="sla"><w>dalьnij</w></mentioned> etc.
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>) does not explain the erbal character
                    of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e221" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e285" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>dard</w></mentioned> and is not supported by other Iranian parallels. The
                    comparison with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e226" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e290" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>dərəta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>cracked</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30, 35</biblScope></bibl>) is
                    unacceptable due to semantic reasons.</etym>
            </entry>
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