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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūcʼa</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_gūcʼa" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
                <form xml:id="form_d5956e66" type="lemma"><orth>gūcʼa</orth></form>
                <usg><lang/></usg>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_gūcʼa.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>зоб у птиц</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>(bird's) craw</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_gūcʼa.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>глотка</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>gullet</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5956e92">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5956e94">
                        <quote>kark k˳y argævstam, wæd jæ gūcʼa nartxory næmg˳ytæj jeʒag
                            razyndī</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>когда мы зарезали курицу, зоб у ней оказался полон кукурузных
                                зерен</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>when we killed a chicken, her craw was full of corn kernels</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5956e111">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5956e113">
                        <quote>saw gūcʼa</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>черна глотка</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>black gullet</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (бранное выражение о злом и скаредном
                            человеке)</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (abusive expression about an evil and
                            stingy person)</note>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Наличие смычно-гортанного <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼ</hi> побуждает искать кавказскую
                    этимологию. Действительно, в соседних языках находим надежные соответствия:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e250" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e137" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>k’uč’i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>внутренности птицы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e150" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>желудок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e156" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>k’vič’</w>
                        <gloss><q>зоб у птиц</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e277" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e164" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼocʼ, kʼocʼəc</w>
                        <gloss><q>желудок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e285" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e172" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
                        <w>ǧwaǧaci</w>
                        <gloss><q>живот</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дальнейшие связи ведут, однако, к
                    иранским языкам: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e294" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e181" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kūčā, *kūcak (qwč’, kwč’k)</w>
                        <gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e302" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e189" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_C._Salemann._Man._II"/><biblScope>548</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/><biblScope>199%l295%l</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/><biblScope>62%l518%l</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e320" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e207" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>gat(ä)</w>
                        <gloss><q>глотка у птиц</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Бел."/><biblScope>1 160</biblScope></bibl>:
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">…duén čūčágāni guta gipt ki pkušīt</hi> „…охватил за глотку обоих птенчиков,
                    чтобы убить их“); ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e333" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e220" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
                        <w>kūc</w>
                        <gloss><q>нутро</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e341" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e228" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>живот</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>VII 94</biblScope></bibl>). Дальнейшее не
                    ясно. Возможно, что кавказские варианты идут из иранского, а осетинское
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gucʼа</hi> (со смычно-гортанным) из кавказских (грузинского). Озвончение
                    начального согласного — диссимилятивное. Конечный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>, как в других грузинских
                    заимствованиях (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syxyrna"/> и др.). Это не
                    единственный случай, когда иранские слова вошли в осетинский через грузинское
                    посредство; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/> ‘колодец’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gollag"/> ‘мешок’ и др. Не представляет ли <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼux</hi> ‘рот’ старую метатезу из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuč</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč</hi>
                    || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čuk</hi>)?</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The presence of ejective <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼ</hi> prompts the search for Caucasian
                    etymology. Indeed, in neighboring languages there are reliable correspondences:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e137" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e250" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>k’uč’i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>entrails of a bird</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e150" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e263" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e156" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e269" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>k’vič’</w>
                        <gloss><q>bird's craw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e164" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e277" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼocʼ, kʼocʼəc</w>
                        <gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e172" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e285" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
                        <w>ǧwaǧaci</w>
                        <gloss><q>belly</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further relations lead, however, to
                    Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e181" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e294" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kūčā, *kūcak (qwč’, kwč’k)</w>
                        <gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e189" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e302" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>gullet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_C._Salemann._Man._II"/><biblScope>548</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/><biblScope>199%l295%l</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/><biblScope>62%l518%l</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e207" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e320" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>gat(ä)</w>
                        <gloss><q>bird's gullet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Бел."/><biblScope>1 160</biblScope></bibl>:
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">…duén čūčágāni guta gipt ki pkušīt</hi> “…gripped both chicks by the throat
                    to kill them”); cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e220" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e333" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
                        <w>kūc</w>
                        <gloss><q>inside</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e228" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e341" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>VII 94</biblScope></bibl>). Further is not
                    clear. It is possible that the Caucasian variants come from Iranian, and the
                    Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gucʼa</hi> (with an ejective) comes from Caucasian (Georgian). The
                    voicing of the initial consonant is dissimilative. Final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> is as in other
                    Georgian borrowings (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syxyrna"/> etc.). This is not
                    the only case when Iranian words entered Ossetic through Georgian means; cf.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/> ‘well’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gollag"/> ‘bag’ etc. Is not <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼux</hi> ‘mouth’ an old metathesis from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuč</hi>
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čuk</hi>)?</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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