<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yvzag</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_yvzag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1628e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>yvzag</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ævzag</orth></form>
        <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T213806+0300" comment="сомнительно
"?>
        <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230715T180422+0300" comment="пока не понимаю, как лучше сделать на английском" mid="1"?>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1628e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>язык</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>tongue</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (</note>
        <sense n="1">
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(</note>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>tongue</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>tongue</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>language</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>language</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">)</note><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>g˳ylævzag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с дефектом речи</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with speech impediment</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>косноязычный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>tongue-tied</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>mælǧævzag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">красноречивый</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">eloquent</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>краснобай</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>rhetorician</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>cyrǧævzag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">острый на язык</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sharp-tongued</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>yvzag xæssyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">доносить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">inform</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azawæn je <oRef>‘vzag</oRef> basūr, komy nal
              xattī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Азау высох язык, не ворочался больше во
                рту</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw’s tongue dried up, no more tossing and
                turning in her mouth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gaja sin... Asægoj od je <oRef>‘vzagi</oRef>
              buni baamudta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">морское чудовище показало им, (что) душа Асаго
                (находится) под его языком</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sea monster showed them that Asago’s soul
                was under his tongue</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>13<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">5</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mærǧtæ aly <oRef>‘vzagæj</oRef> ʒænæton
              særībary zarǵytæ kodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">птицы на разные языки распевали песни райской
                свободы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">birds sang songs of paradise freedom in
                different languages</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Amyran (wæjg˳yty madmæ) je <oRef>‘vzag</oRef>
              rawaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Амиран (к матери великанов) стал подлещиваться
                  (<q>распустил язык</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Amiran began to flatter himself to the mother
                of the giants (<q>loosened his tounge</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we <oRef>‘vzag</oRef> — wæ tærxon,
              bafīdawæm</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ваше слово — ваш суд, заключим мир</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your word is your court, we will make peace</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg syn se ‘vzag k˳y zonid...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если бы человек знал их язык...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if a man knew their language...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>243</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næwæg <oRef>yvzægtæj</oRef> ʒūrʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будут говорить новыми языками</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they shall speak with new tongues</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">16</hi> 17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Хотя слово — общеиндоевропейское, его формы по языкам сильно расходятся
          и несводимы к единому прототипу. Видимо, оно подвергалось разного рода вариациям и
          деформациям табуистического и иного характера (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>223</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
            <biblScope>230</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 436—437</biblScope></bibl>). Нет полного единства и внутри иранского мира.
          Сp. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zabān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang>(диал.)</lang>
            <w>zuvān</w>, <w>zvān</w>, <w>zävun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zuvān</w>, <w>uzvān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>azvān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>azmān</w>, <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>žaba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
            <w>zəba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>ziv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zibeɣ</w>, <w>zəvīɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>zəveg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy" extralang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>zəvuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>zəvāk</w>, <w>zəvī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>zivok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zəvāk</w>, <w type="rec">əzvāk</w> (<w>zβʼk</w>,
          <w>ʼzβʼk</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zvak</w>, <w type="rec">əzvāk</w> (<w>zβʼk</w>, <w>ʼzβʼk</w>)</mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hizvā-</w>, <w>hizū-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>hizan-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(из <w type="rec">hizwan-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang>др.инд.</lang>
            <w>ǰihvā</w></mentioned>. Не вполне ясным остается <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>biśā-</w>
            <gloss><q>язык</q></gloss></mentioned> (из <w type="rec">vizvāka-</w>?). За пределами
          арийского сюда относятся — с некоторыми фонетическими <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">аномалиями</q> — <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang>ст.слав.</lang>
            <w>językъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>liežùvis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>lezu</w>, род. пад. <w>lezvi</w>
            <gloss><q>язык</q></gloss>, <w>lezvakʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>язычок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>lingua</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>tunga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>tongue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Zunge</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
            <w>teng</w>
            <gloss><q>язык</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Осетинскую форму, как и большинство
          восточноиранских, следует возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwāka-</w></mentioned> (из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hiz-wāka-</w></mentioned> имели бы <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">xyvzag</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">*xivzag</w>). Метатеза <c>zv</c> → <c>vz</c> закономерна, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"><w>ævzær</w>
            <gloss><q>дурной</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwarа-</w>
              (<w>zura-</w>)</mentioned>. — Формы на <m>-āka-</m> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog" extralang="xco"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">əzvāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>zəvāk</w></mentioned>, <lang>ос.</lang>
          <oRef/> и др.) относятся к формам на <m>-ān-</m> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zabān</w></mentioned> и пр.), как, скажем, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dantāka-</w></mentioned> (<lang>ос.</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dændag"/>) к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>dantan-</w>
            <gloss><q>зуб</q></gloss></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pantāka-</w></mentioned> (<lang>ос.</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændag"/>) к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pantan-</w>
            <gloss><q>дорога</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang>др.инд.</lang>
            <w>ǰihvā</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hizvā-</w></mentioned> следует, возможно, возводить — опять-таки с известными
          натяжками — к модели <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵhi-</w>, <w type="rec">ǵhew-</w></mentioned> и рассматривать как редупликацию глагольного корня <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵhew-</w>
            <gloss><q>звать</q></gloss> (<gloss><q>язык</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чем зовут</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. Ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
            <biblScope>VI 74—75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Герценбeрг</author>,
              <title>Иранское языкознание</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 132—133</biblScope></bibl>. — В этом случае восточноиранские формы
          типа <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwāka-</w></mentioned>- следует связать
          непосредственно с глагольной базой <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">zwa-</w>, <w type="rec">zaw-</w>
            <gloss><q>звать</q></gloss></mentioned>, как, скажем, <lang>ос.</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"><w>æznag</w>
            <gloss><q>враг</q></gloss></ref> из <w>a-znāka-</w> — к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">zna-</w>, <w type="rec">zan-</w>
            <gloss><q>знать</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
            <biblScope>1951 XLVII 22—23</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Asiatica</title>,
              <publisher>Festschrift Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              30—32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>290</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Although the word is a common Indo-European, its forms vary widely
          across languages and cannot be reduced to a single prototype. Apparently, it was subjected
          to various kinds of variations and deformations of a taboo and other nature (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>223</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
            <biblScope>230</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 436—437</biblScope></bibl>). There is no complete unity within the Iranian
          world. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zabān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>zuvān</w>, <w>zvān</w>, <w>zävun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zuvān</w>, <w>uzvān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>azvān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>azmān</w>, <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>žaba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
            <w>zəba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>ziv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zibeɣ</w>, <w>zəvīɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>zəveg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy" extralang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>zəvuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>zəvāk</w>, <w>zəvī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>zivok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zəvāk</w>, <w type="rec">əzvāk</w> (<w>zβʼk</w>,
          <w>ʼzβʼk</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zvak</w>, <w type="rec">əzvāk</w> (<w>zβʼk</w>, <w>ʼzβʼk</w>)</mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hizvā-</w>, <w>hizū-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>hizan-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(from <w type="rec">hizwan-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰihvā</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>biśā-</w>
            <gloss><q>tounge</q></gloss></mentioned> (from <w type="rec">vizvāka-</w>?) remains not
          entirely clear. Outside of Aryan, this includes — with some phonetic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">anomalies</q> — <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>językъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>liežùvis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>lezu</w>, genitive <w>lezvi</w>
            <gloss><q>tounge</q></gloss>, <w>lezvakʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>tonguelet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>lingua</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>tunga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>tongue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Zunge</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
            <w>teng</w>
            <gloss><q>tounge</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The Ossetic form, like most of the Eastern
          Iranian ones, should be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwāka-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hiz-wāka-</w></mentioned> would result in <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">xyvzag</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">*xivzag</w>). Metathesis <c>zv</c> → <c>vz</c> is
          regular, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzær"><w>ævzær</w>
            <gloss><q>bad</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwarа-</w>
              (<w>zura-</w>)</mentioned>. — Forms with <m>-āka-</m> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog" extralang="xco"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">əzvāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>zəvāk</w></mentioned>, <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <oRef/> etc.) refer to the the forms with <m>-ān-</m> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zabān</w></mentioned> etc.), as, for example, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dantāka-</w></mentioned> (<lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dændag"/>) refers to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>dantan-</w>
            <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pantāka-</w></mentioned> (<lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændag"/>) to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pantan-</w>
            <gloss><q>road</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰihvā</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>hizvā-</w></mentioned> is necessary, perhaps, to trace back — again with known
          exaggerations — to the model <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵhi-</w>, <w type="rec">ǵhew-</w></mentioned> and to consider as a reduplication of the verbal root
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵhew-</w>
            <gloss><q>call</q></gloss> (<gloss><q>tounge</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">what is used to call</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. Cf.:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
            <biblScope>VI 74—75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Herzenberg</author>,
              <title>Iranskoe jazykoznanie</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>,
              <biblScope>pp. 132—133</biblScope></bibl>. — In this case, Eastern Iranian forms like
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zwāka-</w></mentioned>- should be linked
          directly to the verb stem <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">zwa-</w>, <w type="rec">zaw-</w>
            <gloss><q>call</q></gloss></mentioned>, as, for example, <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"><w>æznag</w>
            <gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss></ref> from <w>a-znāka-</w> — to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">zna-</w>, <w type="rec">zan-</w>
            <gloss><q>know</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
            <biblScope>1951 XLVII 22—23</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Asiatica</title>,
              <publisher>Festschrift Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>pp.
              30—32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>290</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>