<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syst</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_syst" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4421e66" type="lemma"><orth>syst</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4421e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вошь</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>louse</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Pediculus</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Pediculus</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syst-</orth><form type="variant"><orth>systʒag</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вшивый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lousy</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>systsær</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">со вшивой головой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">having a lousy head</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>systzærdæ adæjmag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дрянной человек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">worthless man</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">со вшивым
                сердцем</q></gloss>).</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with lousy
                heart</q></gloss>)</note>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syst</oRef> æmæ ʽxsænkʼy argaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сказка о вши и блохе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tale of lice and fleas</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">распространенная детская сказка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">popular
                childrenʼs story</note>; see: <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>60—64</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsænkʼ agæpp kogta æmæ fallag fars fæcī,
                <oRef>syst</oRef> ta dony nyxxawdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">блоха прыгнула и очутилась на той стороне, вошь
                же упала в воду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the flea jumped and ended up on the other side,
                the louse fell into the water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">raǵy-ma-raǵy ars wydī æmæ jyn ærtæ qybyly
              wydī; <oRef>yssyst</oRef> yn sty, aftæmæj sæ xūrmæ raxasta æmæ syn sæ
                <oRef>systytæ</oRef> mardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давным-давно была медведица и у ней было три
                медвежонка; они у нее завшивели, и вот она их вынесла на солнце и била их вшей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a long time ago there was a bear and she had
                three cubs; they got lice, and so she took them out into the sun and beat their
                lice</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd aftæ xorz læppū dæ, wæd dyn dæ fydy
                <oRef>syst</oRef> cæmæn baxordta?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ты такой молодец, то почему твоего отца
                вошь заела?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you are such a good fellow, then why did the
                lice eat your father?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...stur kærcitæ wælæftawæ,
                ...ni-ssæbæl-<oRef>sistæ</oRef>-ʽncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(на них) накинуты большие шубы, они на них
                завшивели</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">large fur coats are thrown over (them), those
                were covered with lice</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 112</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ bajragʒar kʼæredæ nissistæ ʽj, nilliskʼæ
              ʽj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шуба из жеребячьей шкуры покрылась на нем
                вшами, гнидами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his fur coat made of foal skin was covered with
                lice, nits</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Начальный <c>s-</c> здесь, как в некоторых других случаях, восходит к
            <c>sp-</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syʒ"><w>syʒ-</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_soj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Sidæmon"/>. Слово возводится к
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">spiš-</w>
            <gloss><q>вошь</q></gloss></mentioned> с наращением форманта <c>-t</c> | <c>-tæ</c>, как
          в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myst</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mistæ</w>
            <gloss><q>мышь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cæst</w>
            <w>cæstæ</w>
            <gloss><q>глаз</q></gloss></ref>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nostæ"><w>nostæ</w>
            <gloss><q>невестка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæftæg"><w>sæftæg</w>
            <gloss><q>копыто</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šipiš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>šabušk</w>, <w>šubušk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><note type="comment">(в диалектах Ирана)</note>
            <w>šupuš</w>, <w>išpiš</w>, <w>üšpüš</w>, <w>espes</w>, <w>espaz</w>,
            <w>isfiǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>spiš</w>, <w>spuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>spi</w>, <w>sipi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>spəẓ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
            <w>špəž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>səpəya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>spūo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>sipaɣ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>sẹpaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>səpul</w>, <w>s(ə)pəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>spəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>šiš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>šipuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang>согд.</lang>
            <w type="rec">špiš</w> (<w>špšh</w>) <gloss><q>вошь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>spiš-</w>
            <gloss>название какого-то вредного насекомого</gloss></mentioned>. О фонетических
          вариантах этого слова см.: <bibl><author>Yarshater</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1959 XXII 57</biblScope></bibl> (со ссылкой на
              <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1964, стр. 16</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 157</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The initial <c>s-</c>, like in some other cases, goes back to
          <c>sp-</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syʒ"><w>syʒ-</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_soj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Sidæmon"/>. The word is traced back
          to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">spiš-</w>
            <gloss><q>louse</q></gloss></mentioned> with the augment <c>-t</c> | <c>-tæ</c>, like in
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myst</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mistæ</w>
            <gloss><q>mouse</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cæst</w>
            <w>cæstæ</w>
            <gloss><q>eye</q></gloss></ref>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nostæ"><w>nostæ</w>
            <gloss><q>daughter-in-law</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæftæg"><w>sæftæg</w>
            <gloss><q>hoof</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šipiš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>šabušk</w>, <w>šubušk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><note type="comment">(in dialects spoken in Iran)</note>
            <w>šupuš</w>, <w>išpiš</w>, <w>üšpüš</w>, <w>espes</w>, <w>espaz</w>,
            <w>isfiǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>spiš</w>, <w>spuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>spi</w>, <w>sipi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>spəẓ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
            <w>špəž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>səpəya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>spūo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>sipaɣ̌</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>sẹpaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>səpul</w>, <w>s(ə)pəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>spəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>šiš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>šipuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">špiš</w> (<w>špšh</w>) <gloss><q>louse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>spiš-</w>
            <gloss>name of a harmful insect</gloss></mentioned>. For phonetic variants of the word,
          see: <bibl><author>Yarshater</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1959 XXII 57</biblScope></bibl> (with reference to
              <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">1964, p. 16</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 157</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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