<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wæzdan</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wæzdan" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4147e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wæzdan</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wezdon</orth><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdon</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>jezdon</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdan</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4147e69" n="1">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>человек благородного сословия</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>man of noble estate</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>дворянин</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>nobleman</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>уздень</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>uzden'</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Edelmann</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Edelmann</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>благородный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>noble</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>благовоспитанный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>genteel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>учтивый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>courteous</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вежливый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>polite</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>изысканный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>refined</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>изящный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>elegant</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wæzdanad</orth><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdanʒīnad</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">благородство</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nobility</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>учтивость</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>courtesy</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — В феодальной Осетии <oRef/>’ы занимали среднее
          положение между алдарами-князьями, с одной стороны, и простыми крестьянами — с другой. В
          феодальной иерархии их положение соответствовало примерно армянским <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, грузинским <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, кабардинским <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>work</w></mentioned>. После монгольских нашествий с их катастрофическими
          последствиями для Осетии (Алании) сословные различия утратили былое значение. Но вплоть до
          революции в каждом из ущелий Осетии было несколько фамилий, претендовавших на звание
          <oRef/> и пользовавшихся известными признанными царской властью привилегиями (см.:
              <bibl><author>Скитский</author>. <title>Очерки по истории осетинского народа</title>.
              <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>стр. 88—100,
              149—160</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — In feudal Ossetia <oRef/>s held the middle position
          between princes-ældars on the one hand and ordinary people from the other. In feudal
          hierarchy their status corresponded roughly to the one of Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, Georgian <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, Kabardian <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>work</w></mentioned>. After the Mongol invasions with their catastrophic
          consequences for Ossetia (Alania) the estate distinctions lost their former importance.
          But until the Revolution, in every Ossetian gorge there were some families who claimed to
          the title <oRef/> and enjoyed certain privileges, acknowledged by royal power (see:
              <bibl><author>Skitskij</author>. <title>Očerki po istorii osetinskogo naroda</title>
              [<title>The essays about history of the Ossetian people</title>].
              <pubPlace>Dzaudžikau</pubPlace>, <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>p. 88—100,
              149—160</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qobany <oRef>wæzdætty</oRef> tyxmitæj Bætæjy
              fyrttæ nal færæztoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от насилий кобанских узденей изнемогли сыновья
                Бата</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from oppressions of Qoban noblemen Bæt's sons
                were exhausted</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Зар."/>
              <biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">myggagæj mæ ma færs — <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> læg
              næ dæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не спрашивай меня о (моем) роде — я не из
                благородных</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't ask me about (my) family — I'm not a
                nobleman</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> myggag...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наш благородный род...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our noble family...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wæzdan</oRef> æmæ sawlæg īw
              yswyʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уздень и простолюдин (<q>черный человек</q>)
                сравняются</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nobleman and commoner (<q>black man</q>) will
                be equal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīstæræn dywwæ ūsy wydī; sæ īw
                <oRef>wæzdan</oRef>, īnnæ ta kūsæg us</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у старшего (брата) было две жены; (из них) одна
                — благородная, другая — рабыня</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elder (brother) had two wives; one (of them
                was) noble, the other (was) a slave</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Baʒaj Borxati — racærgæ læg, muggagæj
                <oRef>wezdon</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бадзай Борхаев — пожилой человек, по роду
                уздень</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Badzaj Borkhaev is an elderly man, by his
                family (he's) a nobleman</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
              <biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧæzdug æmæ xumætægi Cærugtæ cæ ædulijæn
                <oRef>wezdon</oRef> fal mægur Borxati ewnæg ræsuǧd kizgæ Xan-Gwassi kud kurdtoncæ,
              oj æmbesond</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рассказ о том, как богатые, но простые (не
                знатные) Царуговы сватали для своего дурачка (сына) единственную красавицу дочь
                Хан-Гуассу благородных, но бедных Борхаевых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tale about how rich but common (not noble)
                Tsærugovs proposed for their little fool (son) the marriage with Khan-Gwass, the
                only beautiful daughter of noble, but poor Borkhaevs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
              <biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">....bæxbæl Ʒasbolat (ældar), fæste
                <oRef>wæzdantæ</oRef> rænǧitæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...на коне (князь) Дзасболат, позади рядами
                уздени</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...on the horse (is prince) Dzasbolat, behind
                him (there are) rows of noblemen</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd xærægyl sarǧ næ fīdawy, aftæ sawlægyl
                <oRef>wæzdanad</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как ослу не идет седло, так простолюдину
                дворянство</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">like a saddle doesn't fit a donkey, this way
                nobility (doesn't fit) a commoner</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>8<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">32</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bazzad Inal dær razyjæ jæ læppūtæj — īw sæ sæ
              īnnæjæ sagdær, <oRef>wæzdandær</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">остался и Инал доволен своими сыновьями — один
                другого мужественней, благовоспитанней</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Inal also remained satisfied with his sons —
                one braver, more genteel than another</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iron læg xælcyl <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> ū;
              stongæj dær jæxī ūromy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осетин в отношении еды благовоспитан; и будучи
                голоден, он себя сдерживает</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an Ossetian is genteel with respect to food;
                and being hungry he restrains himself</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1962</date>
              <biblScope>X 67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Vano sabyr, <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> æmæ æmbargæ
              adæjmag ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Вано — тихий, благовоспитанный и рассудительный
                человек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Vano is a quiet, genteel and reasonable
                person</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1961</date>
              <biblScope>IV 22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wæzdan</oRef> ʒwapp...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вежливый ответ...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a polite response...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1950</date>
              <biblScope>VII 38</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xetæg ma īsk˳y næ ardta <oRef>wæzdan</oRef>
              ʒyrd!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хетаг ли не находил когда-либо учтивое
                слово!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">has Xetæg ever lacked a courteous word!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qamajy særyl <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> xæst
              nykkodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он взялся изящно за рукоять кинжала</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he elegantly took up the handle of the
                dagger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd <oRef>wæzdanæj</oRef> simdtam</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как изящно мы плясали <foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_simd">симд</ref></foreign></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how elegantly were we dancing <foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_simd">simd</ref></foreign></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
              <biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>wæzdanʒinady</oRef> tyxxæj dyn dæ
              kʼūx dykkag xatt īsyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за твое благородное поведение я жму второй раз
                твою руку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for your noble behavior I shake your hand the
                second time</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>147</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kud ajtæ? — farsta
              <oRef>wæzdanæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как живете? — спрашивал он учтиво</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how is your life? —asked he courtously</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Соответствующий социальный термин находим в некоторых тюркских языках
          Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="kum" extralang="krc-x-karachay nog"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w>, <w>özdön</w>
            <gloss><q>уздень</q></gloss>, также <gloss><q>вежливый</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>воспитанный</q></gloss></mentioned>. В рукописных материалах <name>Вс.
            Миллера</name> приводится — со ссылкой на <name>Радлова</name> — <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
            <w>öздäн</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">von hohem Geschlechte</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><author>Grønbech</author> (<title>Komanisches Wörterbuch</title>.
              <pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1942</date>, <biblScope>стр.
            186</biblScope>)</bibl> дает <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w>
            <gloss><q>frei</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>adlig</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако
          заимствование из этих языков маловероятно по следующим причинам: 1) слово известно только
          тем тюркским народам, которые имеют или имели контакты с осетинами (аланами), — кумыкам,
          ногайцам, балкарцам, карачаевцам, куманам; 2) на тюркской почве слово не
          этимологизируется; в словарях <name>Räsänen</name>’а, <name>Clauson</name>’а и
            <name>Севортяна</name> слово полностью отсутствует; в словаре <name>Радлова</name>
          единственное созвучное слово <w>öздäн</w> (с пометой <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Osm.</q>) означает <gloss><q>поджелудочная железа</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>I 305</biblScope></bibl>). Поэтому правы те, кто считает, что слово следует
          этимологизировать на иранской почве, а тюркские формы рассматривать как заимствования из
          аланского. Исходная форма <w type="rec">wazda-</w>, <w type="rec">wazdana-</w>
          распознается в <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>wūžd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>wāst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>wāst</w>, <w>wōst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
            <w>vazd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>baz</w>
            <gloss><q>жир</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сало</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>vazdah-</w>
            <gloss><q>прочный</q></gloss>, <w>vazdvar-</w>
            <gloss><q>прочность</q></gloss>, в именах <w>Artavazdah</w>, <w>Vohvazdah-</w>,
              <w>Krṣavazdah-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vedhas-</w> как наименование богов, жрецов</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 258—259</biblScope></bibl>). Исходное значение базы <w type="rec">wazd-</w> было, по <name>Bailey</name>, <gloss><q>питать</q></gloss>. Развитие значения
          в этом случае — <gloss><q>упитанный</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>сильный</q></gloss> →
              <gloss><q>принадлежащий к сильному сословию</q></gloss>. Ср. для семантики связь иран.
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
            <gloss><q>мужчина</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>герой</q></gloss></mentioned> с ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nard"><w>nard </w><gloss><q>жирный</q></gloss></ref>. — Через
          тюркское посредство слово вошло в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang>русский</lang>:
              <w>уздень</w></mentioned> (у <name>Палласа</name> в <date>1812 г.</date>, см.:
              <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>A note on the princely families of
              Kabarda</title>. <pubPlace>Bedi Kartlisa</pubPlace>
            <date>1962</date>
            <biblScope>XUI—XIV 140</biblScope></bibl>; у <bibl><author>Пушкина</author> в <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Кавказском пленнике</title></q></bibl>:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...обманы хитрых узденей</q></quote>).
            <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang>Чеч.</lang>
            <w>özda</w>, мн. ч. <w>özdanaš</w>
            <gloss><q>уздень</q></gloss>, также <gloss><q>вежливый</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>обходительный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>учтивый</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>воспитанный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
            <biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>) могло быть усвоено как из аланского, так и через
          тюркское посредство. Непосредственно из аланского идут <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>uzdan</w>
            <gloss><q>тонко</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>утонченно</q></gloss>, <w>uzdanab</w>
            <gloss><q>тонкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>утонченный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
            <biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>),
            <?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230518T120126+0300" comment="язык"?><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang>старокаб.</lang>
            <w>wasdan</w>, <w>wastan</w>
            <gloss><q>дружинник</q></gloss>,
          <gloss><q>рыцарь</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            (<bibl><author>Гатцук</author>. <title>Черкесы</title>. <publisher>Юная Россия, №№ 11—
              12</publisher>, <biblScope>стр. 1443, 1588, 1594</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
            <biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Indagatio
              Indo-iranica</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 63—69</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Гаглойти</author>. <title>К изучению терминологии нартского
              эпоса</title>. <publisher>Изв. Юго-Осет. научно-исслед. инст.</publisher>
            <date>1965</date>
            <biblScope>XIV 92-93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The corresponding social term is found in some Turkic languages of the
          Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="kum" extralang="krc-x-karachay nog"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w>, <w>özdön</w>
            <gloss><q>nobleman</q></gloss>, also <gloss><q>polite</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>genteel</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the handwritten materials of <name>Ws.
            Miller</name> with the reference to <name>Radlov</name> is given <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
            <w>öздäн</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">von hohem Geschlechte</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><author>Grønbech</author> (<title>Komanisches Wörterbuch</title>.
              <pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1942</date>, <biblScope>p.
            186</biblScope>)</bibl> provides <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
            <w>özden</w>
            <gloss><q>frei</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>adlig</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, borrowing
          from these languages in unlikely due to the following reasons: 1) the word is known only
          to the Turkic peopes that have or have had the contacts with Ossetians (Alans), — to
          Kumyk, Nogai, Balkar, Karachay, Cuman; 2) on the Turkic ground the word is not
          etymologized; in the dictionaries of <name>Räsänen</name>, of <name>Clauson</name> and of
            <name>Sevortjan</name> the word is completely absent; in the <name>Radlov</name>'s
          dictionary the only consonanting word <w>öздäн</w> (with the note <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Osm.</q>) means <gloss><q>pancreas</q></gloss>
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>I 305</biblScope></bibl>). That's why right are the ones who think that the
          word must be etymologized on the Iranian ground, and the Turkic forms have to be
          consiedered to be the borrowings from Alanian. The original form <w type="rec">wazda-</w>,
            <w type="rec">wazdana-</w> is recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>wūžd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>wāst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>wāst</w>, <w>wōst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
            <w>vazd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>baz</w>
            <gloss><q>fat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lard</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>vazdah-</w>
            <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss>, <w>vazdvar-</w>
            <gloss><q>strength</q></gloss>, in names <w>Artavazdah</w>, <w>Vohvazdah-</w>,
              <w>Krṣavazdah-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vedhas-</w> as a name for gods, priests</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 258—259</biblScope></bibl>). The original meaning of the base <w type="rec">wazd-</w>was, according to <name>Bailey</name>, is
          <gloss><q>feed</q></gloss>. The develpoment of the meaning in this case is the following —
              <gloss><q>well-fed</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>belonging to
              a strong estate </q></gloss>. Cf. for the semantics the connection of Iranian
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
            <gloss><q>man</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hero</q></gloss></mentioned> with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nard"><w>nard </w><gloss><q>fat</q></gloss></ref>. — Through
          the Turkic medium the word came into <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>:
            <w>uzden'</w></mentioned> (in the notes of <name>Pallas</name> in the year
            <date>1812</date>, see: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>A note on the princely
              families of Kabarda</title>. <pubPlace>Bedi Kartlisa</pubPlace>
            <date>1962</date>
            <biblScope>XUI—XIV 140</biblScope></bibl>; in <bibl><author>Puškin</author>'s <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Kavkazskij plennik</title></q> [<title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Prisoner of the Caucasus</q></title>]</bibl>:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...the lies of cunning
            <w>uzden'</w>s</q></quote>). <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>özda</w>, pl. <w>özdanaš</w>
            <gloss><q>nobleman</q></gloss>, also <gloss><q>polite</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>courteous</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>genteel</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>well-mannered</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
            <biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>) may be borrowed from Alanian as well as through the
          Turkic medium. The direct borrowings from Alanian are <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>uzdan</w>
            <gloss><q>finely</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>delicately</q></gloss>, <w>uzdanab</w>
            <gloss><q>fine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>delicate</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
            <biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>),
            <?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230518T120126+0300" comment="язык"?><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang>Old Kabardian</lang>
            <w>wasdan</w>, <w>wastan</w>
            <gloss><q>man-at-arms</q></gloss>,
          <gloss><q>knight</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
              (<bibl><author>Gattsuk</author>. <title>Čerkesy</title> [<title>The
              Circassians</title>]. <publisher>Junaja Rossija [The young Russia], №№ 11—
              12</publisher>, <biblScope>p. 1443, 1588, 1594</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
            <biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Indagatio
              Indo-iranica</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p. 63—69</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Gaglojti</author>. <title>K izučeniju terminologii nartskogo
              èposa</title> [<title>Towards the study of the Nart epic's terminology</title>].
              <publisher>Izv. Jugo-Oset. naučno-issled.inst.</publisher>
            <date>1965</date>
            <biblScope>XIV 92-93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>