<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zæj</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zæj" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3226e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zæj</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zæjæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3226e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>снежная лавина</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>snow avalanche</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ zymæg ingæn ū, jæ <oRef>zæjtæ</oRef> — næ
              mæt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наша зима (подобна) могиле, ее лавины — наша
                забота</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our winter is (like) a grave, its avalanches
                are our concern</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zæj</oRef> wæ fælasa, næ tærxony
              lægtæ!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть унесет вас лавина, наши судьи!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let the avalanche carry you away, our
                judges!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bibojy æd ræǧaw <oRef>zæj</oRef>
              fælasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бибо вместе co стадом унесла лавина</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bibo, together with the herd, was carried away
                by an avalanche</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qærgænæg ærxæccæ, Ʒanaspijy, dam,
                <oRef>zæj</oRef> fælasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прибыл траурный вестник, Дзанаспи, говорит,
                унесла лавина</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the herald of mourning arrived, Dzanaspi, he
                says, was swept away by an avalanche</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zæjwat</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">место, подверженное лавинам</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">avalanche-prone area</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <example>
              <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fezmæld — <oRef>zæjwat</oRef></quote>
              <tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наши (пути) передвижения — под угрозой
                  лавин</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our travel routes are under the threat of
                  avalanches</q>
              </tr>
              <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                <biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl>
            </example>
            <example>
              <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ kæmttæ — <oRef>zæjwat</oRef></quote>
              <tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наши ущелья лавиноопасны</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our gorges are avalanche-prone</q>
              </tr>
              <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
            </example>
          </exampleGrp>
        </re>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Заимствовано из картвельских языков: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
              <w>žäh</w>, <w>žäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>zvavi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mtiul"><lang>груз.</lang>
              <note type="comment">(мтиул.)</note>
              <w>zvai</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>лавина</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>567</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Предки осетин (аланы,
          сарматы) были в прошлом степняками. Естественно, что у них не могло быть своих,
          унаследованных терминов для явлений специфически горской природы, как <q>лавина</q>,
            <q>глетчер</q> и т. п. С этими явлениями они познакомились на Кавказе и названия для них
          восприняли от своих кавказских соседей; см., помимо <oRef>zæj</oRef>, также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼītī"><w>cʼīti</w>
            <gloss><q>глетчер</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"><w>kʼæj</w>
            <gloss><q>шифер</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syḱʼī"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230623T153156+0300" comment="почему у абаева č?" id="bt5_r4c_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230708T161137+0300" parentID="bt5_r4c_byb" comment="вообще он кажется использует č в заимствованных словах (т.е. где это этимологически не [k]), но здесь непонятно, с чем это связано" mid="1"?><w>syč’ī</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>
            <gloss><q>серна</q></gloss></ref>. Поэтому мы не можем последовать за Вс.
            <name>Миллером</name>, который пытается найти для <oRef>zæj</oRef> иранскую этимологию:
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zaya-</w>, <w>zaona-</w>
            <gloss><q>оружие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>hayati</w>, <w>hinoti</w>
            <gloss><q>гонит</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мечет</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>51, 88, 91, 294</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Borrowed from Kartvelian languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
              <w>žäh</w>, <w>žäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>zvavi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mtiul"><lang>Georgian</lang>
              <note type="comment">(Mtiuletian)</note>
              <w>zvai</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>avalanche</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
                <biblScope>567</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The ancestors of the
          Ossetians (Alans, Sarmatians) were steppe dwellers in the past. Naturally, they could not
          have their own, inherited terms for phenomena of a specifically mountainous nature like
            <q>avalanche</q>, <q>glacier</q> etc. They got acquainted with these phenomena in the
          Caucasus and adopted the names for them from their Caucasian neighbors; see, apart from
            <oRef>zæj</oRef>, also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼītī"><w>cʼīti</w>
            <gloss><q>glacier</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"><w>kʼæj</w>
            <gloss><q>slate</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syḱʼī"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230623T153156+0300" comment="почему у абаева č?" id="bt5_r4c_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230708T161137+0300" parentID="bt5_r4c_byb" comment="вообще он кажется использует č в заимствованных словах (т.е. где это этимологически не [k]), но здесь непонятно, с чем это связано" mid="3"?><w>syč’ī</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>
            <gloss><q>chamois</q></gloss></ref>. Therefore, we cannot follow Ws.
          <name>Miller</name>, who is trying to find an Iranian etymology for <oRef>zæj</oRef>:
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zaya-</w>, <w>zaona-</w>
            <gloss><q>weapon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>hayati</w>, <w>hinoti</w>
            <gloss><q>he
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T131340+0300" comment="? гонит"?>drives<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>he
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T131355+0300" comment="? мечет"?>throws<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>51, 88, 91, 294</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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