<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">???</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæram" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
        <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæram</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæran</orth></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>не идущий впрок, на здоровье, во благо</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>of no use, not healthy, of no good</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>идущий во вред</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>being to the detriment</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæram</oRef> dyn, wæd!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да будет тебе не впрок!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may (it) be of no use to you!</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/></note>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>враждебный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hostile</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вражда</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hostility</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/>; </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/>; </note>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>xæramzærdæ</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">враждебно, злобно настроенный</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">predisposed in a hostile, malicious way</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"><w>xælarzærdæ</w></ref></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"><w>xælarzærdæ</w></ref></note>
          </re>
        </sense>
        <sense n="3">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>нечестный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>unfair</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бесчестный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>dishonourable</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>нечестное поведение (в игре, в соревновании)</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>dishonest behaviour (in play, during competition)</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>козни</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>machinations</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæram</oRef> ma kæn!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не плутуй!</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в
                игре)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (в
                игре)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not cheat!</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (in a game)</note>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>злокачественный (о нарыве, ране), связанный с нагноением, заражением</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>malignant (of an abscess, wound), associated with festering, infection</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de xsyry q˳yrtt æmæ myn dæ fælloj
                <oRef>xæram</oRef> wænt, … æz k˳y nybbaron næ ʒyllæjy æfxærd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да не пойдут мне впрок глоток твоего
                (материнского) молока и твои труды, если я прощу обиду (нанесенную) моему народу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may the swallowing of your (mother’s) milk and
                your labours be of no use to me if I forgive the offense (that was made) to my
                people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæ dæw kæj baxæron, ūj myn
                <oRef>xæram</oRef> festæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что я съем без тебя, пусть мне не впрок
                будет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whatever I eat without you, may it be no good
                to me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazaq"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ dune kærʒynyl ḱī awæj kodta,
                <oRef>xæram</oRef> baxærænt!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто продал свой мир за хлеб, пусть съедят
                <oRef/>!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may those who sold their world for bread eat
                <oRef/>!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳y dæm <oRef>fæxæram</oRef> woj (xīcæwttæ),
              æmbojny dæ ærbajsafʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если (начальство) озлится на тебя, в один день
                тебя загубят</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if (the authorities) become angry with you,
                they will ruin you in one day</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzg ne ’srazy æmæ jæm jæ fyd
                <oRef>ysxæram</oRef> īs, ælǧysta jæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушка не согласилась (подчиниться отцу), и
                отец озлился па нее, проклинал ее</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl did not agree (to obey her father),
                and her father became angry with her, cursed her</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">binontæ næ, fælæ næm adæm æppæt dær
                <oRef>ysxæram</oRef> sty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не только домашние, но весь народ озлился на
                нас</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">not only family, but the whole people became
                angry with us</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">amaræd mæ…, tūgmæ tūg…, mænyl askʼ˳yʒʒag wæd
              acy <oRef>xæram</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть он убьет меня…, кровь за кровь…, пусть на
                мне оборвется эта вражда</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may he kill me…, blood for blood…, may this
                enmity end with me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>217</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="3">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adon īw rastæn <oRef>xæramīmæ</oRef> īw baræn
              dardtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">эти (судьи) правого и неправого (бесчестного)
                мерили одной меркой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">these (the judges) measured the right one and
                the wrong (dishonourable) one by one measure</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræmttæ</oRef> jyn bīræ īs æmæ jyn
              raqær wyʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за ним много грехов (нечестных поступков), и
                они обнаружатся</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he has many sins (dishonourable acts), and they
                will be uncovered</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>185</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæramæn</oRef> jæ <oRef>xæram</oRef>
              jæxī­wyl ærtyxst</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">козни бесчестного опутали его самого</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the intrigues of the dishonourable one
                entangled his own self</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 VIII 31</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">toggini rastæj-<oRef>xæramæj</oRef> næ
              farstoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кровника не спрашивали, прав он или виноват</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they did not ask the blood enemy whether he was
                right or wrong</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 VII 55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævæccægæn mæ <oRef>xæran</oRef> kænunmæ
              ǧavuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наверное, он хочет меня обесчестить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he probably wants to dishonour me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærami</oRef> fændag cubur æj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">путь бесчестного короток</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the way of the dishonourable is short</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">saying</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="4">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">acy ’ntæfy qædgom k˳y <oRef>fæxæram</oRef>
              wa, wæd qwyddag xorz næ wyʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если в эту жару язва нагноится, то дело
                плохо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if the ulcer festers in this heat, then things
                are looking bad</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qædgom ʒæbæxy bæsty <oRef>xæram</oRef>
              axasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">язва, вместо того чтобы зажить, приняла
                злокачественный характер (стала нагнаиваться)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the ulcer, insterad of healing, язва, took up a
                malignant character (started to fester)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 194</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>ḥarām</w>
            <gloss><q>(ритуально) запрещенный, недозволенный</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>поганый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нечистый</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>оскверненный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>полученный или нажитый нечестным
                путем</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <phr>ḥarām šudan</phr>
                <gloss><q>не идти впрок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>не идти на
                пользу</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>, <note type="comment">ант. <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><w>ḥalāl</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Вошло в
          тюркские языки, а также в языки Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>ḥaram</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 1749</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>arami</w>
            <gloss><q>недозволенный</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>arami iqos!</phr>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">да будет не
              впрок!</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>arami</w>
            <gloss><q>неверный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жадный</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Кипшидзе"/>
                <biblScope>417</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady" extralang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231107T161029+0300" comment="проверить символ"?>x<?oxy_comment_end ?>́aram</w>,
              <w>x́äräm</w>
            <gloss><q>ритуально недозволенное</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>незаконное</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>нечестно приобретенное</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>нечестный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>xaram</w>
            <gloss><q>запрет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>x́aram</w>
            <gloss><q>нечестный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нечистый</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>грешный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вместе с другими <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">исламизмами</q> вошло также в языки Дагестана: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>xʼaram</w>
            <gloss><q>запрет</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
                <biblScope>544</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и др. Сюда же (через тюркское
          посредство) <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>haramija</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>haramia</w>
            <gloss><q>грабитель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бандит</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">враждебный</q></gloss> развилось из <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">идущий во вред</q></gloss>; значение <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">злокачественный</q> (о нарыве, ране)</gloss> — из
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">нечистый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">impurus</q></gloss>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>ḥarām</w>
            <gloss><q>(ritually) prohibited, disallowed</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>foul</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>unclean</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>defiled</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>obtained or
                earned in a dishonest way</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <phr>ḥarām šudan</phr>
                <gloss><q>be of no good</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>not be of
              use</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>, <note type="comment">ant. <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><w>ḥalāl</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Entered
          into Turkic, as well as into languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>ḥaram</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 1749</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>arami</w>
            <gloss><q>disallowed</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>arami iqos!</phr>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">may (it) be of no
                use!</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>arami</w>
            <gloss><q>unfaithful</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>greedy</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Кипшидзе"/>
                <biblScope>417</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady" extralang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231107T161029+0300" comment="проверить символ"?>x<?oxy_comment_end ?>́aram</w>,
              <w>x́äräm</w>
            <gloss><q>ritually prohibited</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>unlawful</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>dishonestly obtained</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>dishonest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>xaram</w>
            <gloss><q>prohibition</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>x́aram</w>
            <gloss><q>unfair</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>unclean</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>sinful</q></gloss></mentioned>. Together with other <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Islamisms</q> also entered into the languages of
          Daghestan: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>xʼaram</w>
            <gloss><q>prohibition</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
                <biblScope>544</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> etc. Of the same origin
          (through Turkic) <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>haramija</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>haramia</w>
            <gloss><q>robber</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bandit</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hostile</q></gloss> developed from <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">harmful</q></gloss>; the meaning <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">malignant</q> (of an abscess, wound)</gloss> — from
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dishonest</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>impurus</foreign></q></gloss>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælar"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>