<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">skʼæfyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_skʼæfyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3134e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>skʼæfyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>skʼæft</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)skʼæfun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>(æ)skʼaft</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>skʼavd</orth></form></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3134e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>быстро нести</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>carry quickly</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>быстро увлекать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>drag quickly</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хватать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>grab</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>утаскивать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>drag away</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>похищать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>steal</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>умыкать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>kidnap</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>skʼæfæg;</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похититель</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thief</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>умыкатель (девушки)</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>kidnapper</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>skʼæft</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похищение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kidnapping</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">обычным сочетанием было в прошлом </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the past a usual expression was </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>ḱyzg skʼæfyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>ḱyzgyskʼæjt</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умыкание девушки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kidnapping of a girl</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, так как брак путем умыкания был распространенным
            явлением</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, since marriage by kidnapping was a common
            phenomenon</note>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>donyskʼæfæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник крещения (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хватания воды</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the fest of epyphany (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">grabbing water</q>)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в этот день женщины рано утром идут за водой с
            молитвой (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; on this day, early in the morning, women go for water
            praying (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr kæsgon wærdon ræsuǧd aræzt gawyztæj qal
              syrx wænyg galtæ <oRef>raskʼæftoj</oRef> kærtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большую кабардинскую арбу, красиво
                драпированную коврами, резвые рыжие бычки быстро вынесли со двора</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a large Kabardian arba, beautifully draped with
                carpets, was quickly taken out of the yard by quick red bulls</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">maraʒ, swadonæj don
              <oRef>ærbaskʼæf</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">живо, принеси воды из родника! </q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">quickly, bring me water from the spring!</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Maniʒæ jæxī askʼæfta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Манидза вырвалась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Manidzæ broke free</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aldar ūsy qæbysæj syvællony
                <oRef>raskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">князь выхватил ребенка из объятий женщины</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince snatched the child from the woman’s
                arms</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw ūs Zældajæn jæ kʼūxæj cyraǧ
                <oRef>raskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна женщина выхватила из руки Залды свечу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one woman snatched a candle from Zælda’s
                hand</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dymgæ nyxas <oRef>yskʼæfy</oRef>,
                <oRef>yskʼæfy</oRef> tamakojy zyng</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер уносит (звуки) речи, уносит искры
                табака</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind carries away the sounds of speech,
                carries away the sparks of tobacco</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
              <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ qal ḱyzǵy nyn fæsqæwy læppūtæ
                <oRef>askʼæftoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нашу гордячку девушку похитили зааульные
                парни</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our proud girl was kidnapped village guys</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒyrd Lakatæn raddam, <oRef>skʼæfgæ</oRef> jæ
              Xanægatæ akodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы обещали (девушку) Лакаевым, а похитили ее
                Ханаговы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we promised the girl to the Lakaevs, and the
                Khanægovs kidnapped her</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæty <oRef>skʼæfǵytæ</oRef> dær axsæv
              byrsʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умыкатели обеих (сторон) ворвутся сегодня
                ночью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the thieves from both sides will break in
                tonight</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(wæjyg) iw ḱyzg
              <oRef>fæ-cæj-yskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(великан) едва не утащил одну девушку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the giant) almost dragged away one girl</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iræd cy raddaid ūj næ wyd Tajmurazmæ, æmæ jyn
                <oRef>skʼæfyny</oRef> fænd yskodtoj... bæxyl æj aværdtoj æmæ jæ
                <oRef>askʼæftoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Таймураза нечего было дать в виде калыма, и
                они порешили умыкнуть ее (девушку)... усадили ее на коня и умчали ее</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmuraz had nothing to give as a kalym, and
                they decided to steal her (the girl)... they put her on a horse and drove her
                away</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>47, 48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ bæǧdaond æj Sajnæg-ældari kizgi
                <oRef>raskʼæfun</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я беру на себя похитить дочь Сайнаг-алдара</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I take over the kidnapping of Sajnæg-ældar’s
                daughter</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">208-209</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aslænbeg <oRef>æskʼæfun</oRef> fændæ iskodta
              Xadizætbæl; iron adæmi astæw nekæd adtæj wæxæn æǧdaw, æma eske kurd kinʒi raskʼæfa,
              zæǧgæ; Aslænbeg xwarz zudta, Xadizæti ku raskʼæfa, wæd Kʼornati muggagi toggin ke
              kænuj, oj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Асланбег решил похитить Хадизат; среди
                осетинского народа никогда не было такого обычая, чтобы похищать засватанную за
                другого невесту; Асланбег хорошо знал, что, если он похитит Хадизат, он станет
                кровником рода Корнаевых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aslænbeg decided to kidnap Khadizæt; there has
                never been such a custom among the Ossetian people to kidnap a bride betrothed to
                another; Aslænbeg knew well that if he kidnapped Khadizæt, he would become a blood
                relative of the Kornaev family</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ʒanaxan ærcæwa ǧæwama
              <oRef>skʼavd</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Дзанахан должна быть похищена</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dzanakhan must be kidnapped</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">skʼavdi ǧarængæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плач похищенной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">crying of a kidnapped girl</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kap-</w>
            <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. с наращением <c>s</c>-mobile. Ср.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>čāpīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss>, <w>čapū</w>
            <gloss><q>грабеж</q>, <q>хищение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>kàmpt</w>
            <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>haft</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>captus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
            <w>cacht</w>
            <gloss><q>схваченный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Не исключено, что сюда следует отнести и
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>skapta-</w>
            <gloss><q>удивительный</q>, <q>чудесный</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. для семантики
            <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>ravir</w>
            <gloss><q>похищать</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>восхищать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>хищение</w> и <w>восхищение</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>tʼaceba</w>
            <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss> — <w>aǧ-tʼaceba</w>
            <gloss><q>восхищать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вероятно, звукосочетанию <c>kap</c> присуща
          звукосимволическая природа и этим объясняется, что созвучные и близкие по значению слова
          мы находим и в других языках, например тюркских. Некоторые относящиеся сюда факты
          приведены под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cævyn"><w>cævyn</w>
            <q>бить</q></ref>. См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæfyn"/>. Колебание
          начальных <c>kʼ-</c> и <c>skʼ-</c> — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæppæ"><w>kʼæppæg</w></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæppæg"><w>skʼæppæg</w>
            <q>капкан</q></ref>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kap-</w>
            <gloss><q>grab</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. with augmentation of <c>s</c>-mobile. Cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>čāpīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>rob</q></gloss>, <w>čapū</w>
            <gloss><q>robbery</q>, <q>theft</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>kàmpt</w>
            <gloss><q>grab</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>haft</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>captus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
            <w>cacht</w>
            <gloss><q>captured</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is possible that this should also include
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>skapta-</w>
            <gloss><q>amazing</q>, <q>wonderful</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. for the semantics
            <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>ravir</w>
            <gloss><q>steal</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>delight</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>xiščenije</w> and <w>vosxiščenije</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>tʼaceba</w>
            <gloss><q>grab</q></gloss> — <w>aǧ-tʼaceba</w>
            <gloss><q>delight</q></gloss></mentioned>. Probably, sounds <c>kap</c> have a symbolic
          nature and this explains that there are similar semantically and phonetically words in
          other languages, for example, Turkic. Some relevant facts are given under the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cævyn"><w>cævyn</w>
            <q>beat</q></ref>. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæfyn"/>. The alternation of
          the initial <c>kʼ-</c> and <c>skʼ-</c> is similar to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæppæ"><w>kʼæppæg</w></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæppæg"><w>skʼæppæg</w>
            <q>trap</q></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>