<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Asy</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_Asy" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T180327+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5854e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>Asy</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5854e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>Asi</orth>
                    <form xml:id="form_d5854e71" type="variant"><orth>Assi</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5854e74">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5854e75">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Балкария</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Balkaria</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5854e84">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>балкарцы</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Balkars</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <re>
                    <re xml:lang="os-x-iron">
                        <form type="lemma"><lang/>
                            <orth>asiag</orth></form>
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T113147+0300" comment="moved example to re"?>
                        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                            <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
                                <quote><oRef>asiag</oRef> ældar Ajdæboly fyrt Sawloxæn Aslænbeg jæ
                                    ræǧaw atardta</quote>
                                <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>Асланбег угнал табун балкарского князя Шавлоха Айдаболова</q>
                                </abv:tr>
                                <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>Aslænbeg stole a herd of the Balkar prince Shawlokh son of
                                        Aydæbol</q>
                                </abv:tr>
                                <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из песни об Асланбеге сыне
                                        Бата</biblScope>
                                    <biblScope xml:lang="en">from a song about Aslænbeg, son of
                                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T175731+0300" comment="check phon"?>Bat<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>
                            </abv:example>
                        </exampleGrp><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                    </re>
                    <re>
                        <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                            <orth>æsson</orth></form>
                    </re>
                    <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T112954+0300" comment="!! предусмотреть общее значение у нескольких re"?>
                    <sense>
                        <sense>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>балкарец</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>a Balkar</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                        <sense>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>балкарский</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>Balkar (adj.)</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                    </sense><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                </re>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Одно из самоназваний осетинского племени в
                    прошлом, перенесенное впоследствии на новых насельников той же территории.
                    Известно, что территория позднейшей Балкарии была занята в прошлом (до XIII—XIV
                    вв.) осетиноязычным населением. Принадлежавшее этому населению наименование
                        <w>as</w> удержалось и после того, как язык был тюркизован (<bibl>Вс.
                            <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 106</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
                        <biblScope>I 89</biblScope></bibl>). Что <oRef>as</oRef> не связано с
                    позднейшим тюркоязычным населением Балкарии, подтверждается и тем, что в
                    этнической номенклатуре самих балкарцев этот термин отсутствует.<note type="footnote">Характерно также в этом плане, что старый иранский
                        десятичный счет, сохранившийся кое-где среди пастухов Дигории и Балкарии,
                        дигорцами зовется <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>æsson nimæʒæ</phr>,
                            т. е. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">асским счетом</q></gloss>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                                    <biblScope>282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note>
                    Под названием <w>as</w> известен был в средние века тот же северокавказский
                    народ, который обычно зовется аланами и с которым преемственно связаны
                    современные осетины (<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 39—66</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Абхазы называют весь Северный Кавказ
                                    <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>A<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T114244+0300" comment="check in printed version"?>ś<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned></q>
                                    (<bibl><author>Лопатинский</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
                                <biblScope>XII 4</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.</note>
                    <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><gloss>Этнический термин</gloss>
                        <note type="bibl"><bibl>у <author>Ибн-Руста</author></bibl></note>
                        <w>Ruxs-As</w>
                        <note type="comment">(удачно исправлено из <w>Duxs-As</w>
                            <name>Минорским</name>: <bibl><title>Hudud al-Alam</title>,
                                    <biblScope>стр. 445, прим. 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note> означает
                                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Светлые
                        Асы</q></gloss></mentioned> и представляет хорошую параллель к <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥοξολανοί</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Светлые Аланы</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(cp. <bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>,
                                    <title>Südost-Forschungen</title>
                                <biblScope>1956 XV 170</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
                    Название <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>As-tarxan</w>
                        (<gloss>Астрахань</gloss>)</mentioned> также заключает, по-видимому,
                    название <w>as</w> и <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>tarxan</w>
                        <gloss>титул</gloss></mentioned>; речь шла, возможно, о ставке асского
                    военачальника (<bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>, <title>For R. Jakobson</title>,
                            <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 591</biblScope></bibl>). Под
                    названием <w>as</w> аланы выступают особенно часто после монгольского нашествия
                    как в восточных (<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
                        <w>ʼās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zh"><lang/>
                        <w>asu</w></mentioned>), так и в некоторых западных источниках (Плано
                        <name>Карпини</name>, <name>Рубруквис</name>, Иосафат <name>Барбаро</name>).
                            <quote><bibl>Плано <author>Карпини</author> (<date>1245
                            г.</date>)</bibl> говорит об аланах-асах как об одном народе (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Alani sive Assi</q>)</quote>.
                            <quote><bibl>Иосафат <author>Барбаро</author> (<date>XV
                            в.</date>)</bibl> пишет: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Алания
                            заимствовала свое имя от народа аланского, называвшего себя на своем
                            языке Ас</q></quote> (<bibl><author>Семенов</author>. <title>Библ.
                            иностр. писателей о России</title>, <biblScope>отд. I, т. I, стр.
                            6</biblScope></bibl>). Неотделимо от этого термина также название народа
                    ясов в русских летописях (<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 65—71</biblScope></bibl>). В армянской географии,
                    приписываемой Моисею <name>Хоренскому</name> (около VII в. н. э.), при
                    перечислении народов <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сарматии</q> упоминаются
                    рядом народы <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Дигор</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Аштигор</w></mentioned>; последнее название составлено,
                    очевидно, из <w>as</w> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>digor</w></ref>. <bibl>H. <author>Sköld</author>
                            (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."><title>Oss.</title></ref>)
                            <biblScope>73 сл.</biblScope></bibl> высказывает предположение, что асы
                    и аланы составляли две ветви одного народа, асы — западную, а аланы —
                    восточную</note>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. One of the endonyms of the Ossetians in the
                    past, which was afterwards transferred to the new inhabitants of the same
                    territory. It is known that the territory of Balkaria was previously (before the
                    13th–14th cc.) occupied by an Ossetic-speaking population. The name <w>as</w>
                    belonging to this population survived even after the language had been Turkified
                        (<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 106</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
                        <biblScope>I 89</biblScope></bibl>). That <oRef>as</oRef> is not related to
                    the later population of Balkaria is also confirmed by the lack of this term in
                    the ethnic nomenclature of the Balkars themselves.<note type="footnote">It is
                        also significant in this respect that the old Iranian decimal count system,
                        preserved in certain places among the shepherds of Digoria and Balkaris, is
                        called by the Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>æsson
                            nimæʒæ</phr>, i.e. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">As
                                count</q></gloss>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                                    <biblScope>282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note>
                    The name <w>as</w> in the Middle Ages referred to the same people of the
                    Northern Caucasus that is usually called the Alans and which is successively
                    related to the modern Ossetians (<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 39—66</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The Abkhazians call the whole
                                Northern Caucasus<mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>A<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T114244+0300" comment="check in printed version"?>ś<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned></q>
                                    (<bibl><author>Lopatinskij</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
                                <biblScope>XII 4</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.</note> The <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><gloss>ethnic term</gloss>
                        <note type="bibl"><bibl>used by <author>Ibn Rustah</author></bibl></note>
                        <w>Ruxs-As</w>
                        <note type="comment">(appropriately corrected from <w>Duxs-As</w> by
                                <name>Minorsky</name>: <bibl><title>Hudud al-Alam</title>,
                                    <biblScope>p. 445, fn. 5</biblScope></bibl>)</note> means
                                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the Bright
                        As</q></gloss></mentioned> and represents a good parallel to <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ῥοξολανοί</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the Bright Alans</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(cf. <bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>,
                                    <title>Südost-Forschungen</title>
                                <biblScope>1956 XV 170</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The
                    name <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>As-tarxan</w>
                        (<gloss>Astrakhan</gloss>)</mentioned> also apparently includes the name
                        <w>as</w> и <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>tarxan</w>
                        <gloss>a title</gloss></mentioned>; it possibly referred to the headquarters
                    of the As military leader (<bibl><author>Vernadsky</author>, <title>For R.
                            Jakobson</title>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>p.
                        591</biblScope></bibl>). The use of <w>as</w> to refer to Alans becomes
                    particularly frequent after the Mongol invasion both in the Eastern (<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
                        <w>ʼās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zh"><lang/>
                        <w>asu</w></mentioned>), and in some Western sources
                        (<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T173512+0300" comment="Abaev treats Plano as the name and Carpini as the surname, but this is incorrect: in fact he is &quot;John of Plano Carpini&quot;"?><name>Plano
                        Carpini</name><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <name>Rubruquis</name>, Giosafat
                        <name>Barbaro</name>). <quote><bibl><author>Plano Carpini</author>
                                (<date>1245</date>)</bibl> speaks of the As-Alans as a single nation
                            (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Alani sive Assi</q>)</quote>.
                            <quote><bibl>Giosafat <author>Barbaro</author> (<date>15th
                            c.</date>)</bibl> writes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The cuntrey
                            of Alania is so called of the people Alani, which in their tonge they
                            call As</q></quote> (<bibl>Josafa <author>Barbaro</author>, Ambrogio
                            <author>Cotarini</author>. <title>Travels to Tana and Persia</title>,
                        translated from the Italian by William Thomas, clerk of the Council to
                        Edward VI, <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>: <publisher>Printed for the Hakluyt
                            Society</publisher>, <date>1873</date>, <biblScope>p.
                        5</biblScope></bibl>). The name of the people called Yas (<w>Jas</w>) in the
                    Russian manuscripts is also inseparable from this term (<bibl>Ws.
                            <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 65—71</biblScope></bibl>). In the Armenian Geography
                    ascribed to Moses of <name>Chorene</name> (ca. 7th c. AD), when listing the
                    peoples of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Sarmatia</q> there is a mention
                    together of the peoples <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Digor</w></mentioned> and
                        <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>Aštigor</w></mentioned>; the latter name is
                    obviously composed from <w>as</w> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>digor</w></ref>. <bibl>H. <author>Sköld</author>
                            (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."><title>Oss.</title></ref>)
                            <biblScope>73 f.</biblScope></bibl> puts forward the supposition that
                    the As and the Alans comprised two branches of a single people; the As, the
                    western, the Alans, the eastern</note>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5854e94">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5854e96">
                        <quote><oRef>Asyjy</oRef> xoxmæ bakūvæm,
                            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240118T113019+0300" comment="NB: не изафет ли это?"?>wænyǵy
                            ʒæbæx<?oxy_comment_end ?> ūrdygæj k˳y cæwy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>помолимся горам Аси, оттуда идет лучшая (порода) тельцов</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>let us pray to the mountains of Asi, from there comes the best (breed
                                of) calves</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из старинной песни</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from an old song</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5854e138" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Donifars… <oRef>Assimæ</oRef> dær qærtuncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>донифарсцы и до Балкарии доходят</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(the people of) Donifars reach even up to Balkaria</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 126</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Происхождение самого термина <oRef>as</oRef> не ясно. Древность
                    его подтверждается свидетельством <bibl><author>Птолемея</author> (<biblScope>V
                            9, 16</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσαῖοι</w>
                        <gloss><q>сарматское племя</q></gloss></mentioned>) и
                            <bibl><author>Страбона</author> (<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>:
                        <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἄσιοι</w></mentioned> рядом с <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Τόχαροι</w></mentioned>!). Сопоставляется с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e230" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e168" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>āsu</w>
                        <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Нет оснований возводить
                        <oRef>Asi</oRef> к <w>Arsi</w>, вопреки <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">XIII 135 сл.</biblScope></bibl>, ср.:
                            <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Geschichte der lateinischen
                            Sprache</title>. <date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                            1</biblScope></bibl>). Нельзя также связывать <w>as</w> с
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e249" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e187" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                            <w>waφs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e254" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e192" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                            <w>os-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>осетин</q></gloss></mentioned>, так как последнее восходит к
                        <w>ovs-</w> (вопреки <bibl><author>Marquart</author>’y и Г.
                            <author>Вернадскому</author>: <title>Sur l’origine des Alains</title>.
                            <bibl type="j"><title>Byzantion</title></bibl>
                        <biblScope>XVI 83</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс.
                        <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
                        <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The origin of the term <w>as</w> is not clear. Its ancient
                    character is confirmed by the testimony of <bibl><author>Ptolemy</author>
                            (<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσαῖοι</w>
                        <gloss><q>a Sarmatian tribe</q></gloss></mentioned>) and
                            <bibl><author>Strabo</author> (<biblScope>V 9, 16</biblScope></bibl>:
                        <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἄσιοι</w></mentioned> alongside <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Τόχαροι</w></mentioned>!). Sometimes compared to
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e168" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e230" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>āsu</w>
                        <gloss><q>quick</q></gloss></mentioned>. There is no reason to trace
                        <oRef>Asi</oRef> back to <w>Arsi</w>, contra <bibl><author>Bailey</author>
                            (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">XIII 135 сл.</biblScope></bibl>, cf.:
                            <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Geschichte der lateinischen
                            Sprache</title>. <date>1951</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">p.
                            1</biblScope></bibl>). Neither can <hi rendition="#rend_italic">as</hi>be connected to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e187" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e249" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>waφs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5854e192" xml:id="mentioned_d5854e254" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>os-</w>
                        <gloss><q>Ossetian</q></gloss></mentioned>, since the latter goes back to
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ovs-</hi> (contra
                            <bibl><author>Marquart</author> and G. <author>Vernadsky</author>:
                            <title>Sur l’origine des Alains</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Byzantion</title></bibl>
                        <biblScope>XVI 83</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws.
                        <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 7, 38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
                        <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">1 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>