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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xīn" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T130819+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d2922e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīn</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xīnæ</orth></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хитрость (злостная)</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>cunning (malicious)</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лукавство</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>slyness</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>козни</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>machinations</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хитрый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>sly</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лукавый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>crafty</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīnæjʒag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хитрый</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sly</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>хитрец</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>a sly person</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>коварный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>treacherous</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>ænaxīn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бесхитростный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">guileless</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>честный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>honest</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīnæj racæwyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">действовать против кого-либо хитростью,
                коварством</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">act against smb. by cunning, malice</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <sense n="2">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>колдовство</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>sorcery</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīn kænyn, xīntæ kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колдовать (враждебно)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">perform sorcery (in a hostile way)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>наводить порчу</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>put on a curse</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и т. п.</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> etc.</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīngænæg</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колдун</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sorcerer</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>колдунья</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>sorceress</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīny syrd</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заколдованный (неуязвимый и несущий беду
                охотнику) зверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">enchanted (invincible and bringing trouble to
                the hunter) beast</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (вера в существование таких зверей была
              распространена среди охотников)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (belief in the existence of such beasts was
              widespread among hunters)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīny cærgæs</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заколдованный орел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">enchanted eagle</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælæn"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælæn"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…cy <oRef>xīntæ</oRef> ’mæ cy ʽvzær mītæ
              fækodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...козни и дурные дела, которые он совершил</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…the machinations and evil deeds that he has
                committed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bakæstytæ kodta zærond <oRef>xīnæjʒag</oRef>
              Zaza læppūmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стал посматривать старый хитрец Заза на
                юношу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sly old Zaza started glancing at the
                boy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lægyl aftæ <oRef>xīnæj</oRef> racū, ūj
              xūdīnag ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">так коварно поступить с человеком — это
                позор</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">acting so trearcherously towards a person is a
                disgrace</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>155</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ <oRef>xīn</oRef> jæxīwyl ærtyxst</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его козни опутали его самого</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his machinations entangled his own self</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīnæj</oRef> racæwun ǧæwuj K’ornaj
              furtbæl</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">надо хитростью обойтись с Корнаевым</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kornay’s son should be dealt with by
                cunning</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 42</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aj, giaurtæ, <oRef>xīnæj</oRef> mæbæl
              rucudajtæ!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">эй, гяуры, вы коварством меня обошли!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hey, infidels, you have gotten around me
                through cunning!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæni sili <oRef>xīntæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты применяешь женские хитрости</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are applying woman’s guiles</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xosʒæwttæm q˳yddag fæzyndī cættæ
                <oRef>xīnaw</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">косарям дело показалось чистым (<q>готовым</q>)
                наваждением</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the business seemed a pure (<q>ready</q>) magic
                to the mowers</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fonʒ fyrty mæn dær xīzync <oRef>xīn</oRef>
              æmæ kælænæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пять сыновей оберегают меня от колдовства и
                злых чар</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">five sons are protecting me from sorcery and
                evil magic</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana wydī arvy <oRef>xīn</oRef> æmæ zæxxy
              kælæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Шатана обладала колдовством неба и чарами
                земли</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana was proficient in the sorcery of the sky
                and the magic of the earth</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bacydīs īw <oRef>xīngænæg</oRef> ūsmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он пошел к одной колдунье</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he came to one sorceress</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>158</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">eci ræstægi Gori cardæj ew nalat
                <oRef>xīnæ</oRef> osæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в то время в Гори жила одна проклятая
                колдунья</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at that time one accursed witch lived in
                Gori</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>6<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">15</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Binegoryl… <oRef>xīny</oRef> syrd
              sæmbældī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бинегору встретился (на охоте) заколдованный
                зверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Binegor met an enchanted beast (when
                hunting)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīny</oRef> syrdæn ævæd mīty dær jæ fæd
              næ fæzynʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заколдованный зверь даже на нехоженом снегу не
                оставляет следов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an enchanted beast does not leave traces even
                on untrodden snow</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Этимологически идентично с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kīnæ"><w>kīnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>месть</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kaina-</w></mentioned>. Колебание <c>k-</c> || <c>x</c> — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæʒ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼinsæ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyssæ"/> и др. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>kʼīn</w>, <w>kīna</w><gloss><q>злоба</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>ненависть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
            <w>xīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
            <w>xyn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kaena-</w>
            <gloss><q>месть</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kīnæ"/>.<note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi> оспаривает
            этимологию <oRef>xīn</oRef> ← <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaina-</w></mentioned>, считая гласный <c>ī</c> в обоих диалектах (вместо <c>ī</c> |
              <c>e</c>) аномалией. На деле в данной позиции [перед <c>-n (æ)</c>] это обычное
            явление; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīn_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cīn"/>. Что касается семантики, то предлагаемое им производство от
              <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hā(y)</w>
              <gloss><q>вязать</q></gloss></mentioned> вряд ли предпочтительнее, чем связь с
              <q>мстить</q>. (См.: <bibl><title>Iran and Islam. In memory of Vladimir
                Minorsky</title>. <edition>Edinburgh University Press</edition>, <date>1971</date>,
                <biblScope>стр. 287</biblScope></bibl>).</note> На развитие значения могла повлиять
          контаминация с <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>hila</w>
            <gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss></mentioned>, широко распространившимся в тюркских
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
            <biblScope>160</biblScope></bibl>) и кавказских (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>hilla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>hilla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>ḥila</w></mentioned>) языках. Семантическая связь <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">вражды</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">колдовства</q> прекрасно иллюстрируется
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>ворог</w></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>ворожить</w></mentioned>. — Из
          осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>xinə</w>, <w>xəjnə</w>
            <gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>колдовство</q></gloss></mentioned> ,
            <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>xəjnəči</w>
            <gloss><q>колдун</q></gloss></mentioned>. Распознается также в некоторых русских
          диалектизмах. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>хинарный</w>
            <gloss><q>лукавый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>хинарничать</w>
            <gloss><q>лукавить</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
            <biblScope>IV 548</biblScope></bibl>). Эти слова предполагают исходное <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">хинарь</w>
            <note type="comment">(по модели <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>звонарь</w></mentioned>,
                <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>свинарь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>косарь</w></mentioned> и т. п.), которое, в свою очередь, образовано от
                <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">хин</w></mentioned> = ос.
                <oRef>xīn</oRef></note> и означает <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">тот, кто
                занимается кознями (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хинами</q>)</q></gloss></mentioned>. По образованию <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>хинарничать</w></mentioned> точно сопоставимо с <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>кухарничать</w></mentioned> и т. п. Сюда, далее,<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>прохиндей</w>
            <gloss><q>хитрец</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>плут</q></gloss></mentioned>. Здесь <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><c>про-</c></mentioned> — усилительная приставка, как в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>прожора</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>прокуда</w></mentioned> и т. п.; <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">хиндей</w>
            <note type="comment">— образование типа <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>чародей</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>злодей</w></mentioned></note> и означает <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">занимающийся кознями, плутовством (<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>хин</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, точное соответствие oc.
            <oRef>xīngænæg</oRef>. Стало быть, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">хинарь</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">хиндей</w></mentioned> — синонимы. (Иначе: <bibl><author>Львов</author>, <title>Русская
              речь</title>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>№ 1, стр. 83—
              85</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 55, 74</biblScope></bibl> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-pazend">парс.
              <w>xīn</w>
            <gloss><q>hatred, malice, enmity</q></gloss></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Etymologically identical to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kīnæ"><w>kīnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>vengeance</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kaina-</w></mentioned>. The alternation <c>k-</c> || <c>x</c> is the same
          as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæʒ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼinsæ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyssæ"/> etc. Cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>kʼīn</w>, <w>kīna</w>
            <gloss><q>malice</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hatred</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
            <w>xīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
            <w>xyn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kaena-</w>
            <gloss><q>vengeance</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kīnæ"/>.<note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi> disputes the
            etymology <oRef>xīn</oRef> ← <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaina-</w></mentioned>, viewing the vowel <c>ī</c> in both dialects (instead of
              <c>ī</c> | <c>e</c>) as anomalous. But in fact this is a common occurrence in this
            position [before <c>-n (æ)</c>]; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīn_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cīn"/>. As for the semantics, the derivation from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hā(y)</w>
              <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231115T153810+0300" comment="? вязать"?>knit<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
            that he proposes is hardly more acceptable than the connection with <q>avenge</q>. (См.:
                <bibl><title>Iran and Islam. In memory of Vladimir Minorsky</title>.
                <edition>Edinburgh University Press</edition>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>p.
                287</biblScope></bibl>).</note> The semantic development could also have been
          influenced by contamination with <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>hila</w>
            <gloss><q>the cunning</q></gloss></mentioned>, widely spread in Turkic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
            <biblScope>160</biblScope></bibl>) and Caucasian (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>hilla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>hilla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>ḥila</w></mentioned>) languages. The semantic connection between <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">animosity</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sorcery</q> is perfectly illustrated by <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>vorog</w>
            <gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vorožitʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>do magic</q></gloss></mentioned>. — From Ossetic come <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>xinə</w>, <w>xəjnə</w>
            <gloss><q>cunning</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sorcery</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>xəjnəči</w>
            <gloss><q>sorcerer</q></gloss></mentioned>. This root is also recognizable in some
          Russian dialects. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang>Russian</lang>
            <note type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
            <w>xinarnyj</w>
            <gloss><q>treacherous</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>xinarničatʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>do treachery</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
            <biblScope>IV 548</biblScope></bibl>). These words presuppose the original <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">xinarʼ</w>
            <note type="comment">(based on the model <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>zvonarʼ</w>
                <gloss><q>bell ringer</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>svinarʼ</w>
                <gloss><q>swineherd</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kosarʼ</w>
                <gloss><q>mower</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.), which is, in turn, derived from
                <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">xin</w></mentioned> = Ossetic
                <oRef>xīn</oRef></note> and means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one who
                does treachery</q></gloss></mentioned>. By derivation <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>xinarničatʼ</w></mentioned> is perfectly comparable to
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kuxarničatʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>do kitchenwork</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Here, further, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang>Russian</lang>
            <note type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
            <w>proxindej</w>
            <gloss><q>cunning person</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>knave</q></gloss></mentioned>. Here
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><c>pro-</c></mentioned> is an emphatic prefix, as in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>prožora</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>prokuda</w></mentioned> etc.; <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">xindej</w><note type="comment"> is a derivation of the type <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>čarodej</w>
                <gloss><q>magic-maker</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>zlodej</w>
                <gloss><q>evil-doer</q></gloss></mentioned></note> and means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dabbling in intrigues, knavery (<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>xin</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, a perfect
          correspondece to Ossetic <oRef>xīngænæg</oRef>. Therefore, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">xinarʼ</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w type="rec">xindej</w></mentioned> are synonyms. (A different view:
              <bibl><author>Lʼvov</author>, <title>Russkaja rečʼ</title>, <date>1970</date>,
              <biblScope>no. 1, pp.. 83— 85</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws.
              <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 55, 74</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">cf.
              <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231115T154518+0300" comment="только это не пазенд"?>Parsi<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              <w>xīn</w>
              <gloss><q>hatred, malice, enmity</q></gloss></mentioned></q>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>