<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cævyn</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_cævyn" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3220e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cævyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d3220e68" type="participle"><orth>cavd</orth></form></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d3220e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cævun</orth><form xml:id="form_d3220e73" type="participle"><orth>cavd</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3220e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d3220e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>бить</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>beat</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3220e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ударять</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>hit</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3220e96">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3220e98" type="lemma"><orth>cæf</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3220e101"><sense xml:id="sense_d3220e102"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>удар</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>beat</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3220e111"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>рана</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>wound</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3220e122">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e124">
                        <quote>army tʼæpænæj kʼylbys īw k˳yd felvæsa…., aftæ cæv bæxy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ударь коня так, чтобы с (твоей) ладони оторвался лоскуток кожи</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>punch the horse so that a piece of skin comes off (your) palm</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e143">
                        <quote>dæ ʒyxy ʒynd ænæ rædyd nyccævy zærdæjy kæron</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>слово из твоих уст безошибочно поражает кончик сердца</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the word from your mouth accurately hits the tip of the heart</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e162">
                        <quote>jæxs ærxasta ʽmæ ʒy læppūjy ærcavta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>принесла плетку и ударила ею юношу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>[she] brought a whip and lashed the young man</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e181" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>(wæjug biccewi) æ roni bacavta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(великан мальчика) сунул за пазуху</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(a giant) put (the boy) in his bosom</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>2%l6—7%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e203" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>wæjug æ bælasæ zænxæbæl niccavta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>великан ударил свое дерево об землю</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a giant hit his tree against the ground</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>3%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e226" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fæjnæg agi særti racavton</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>я всадил доску поверх котла</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I put the board over the kettle</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>34%l13%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e248" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>cʼusi æ sær racævʒænæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он сунет голову в отверстие</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he will stick his head in the hole</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3220e270">
                        <quote>otid æxsæræ westæ racævtitæ kodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он срубил одни только прутья орешника</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he cut down only hazel sticks</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>251%l1%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Сближается с некоторыми иранскими и неиранскими словами,
                    распространенными на территории Средней Азии и Восточной Европы: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e487" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e293" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čaβ- : *čaft-(čβ-, čβt-)</w>
                        <gloss><q>красть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e495" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e301" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>похищать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e501" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e307" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čāpīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e509" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e315" xml:lang="fa"><w>čāp</w>
                        <gloss><q>грабеж</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e515" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e321" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>caf- : caft-</w>
                        <gloss><q>воровать</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e528" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e334" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>cəb : cəvd-</w>
                        <gloss><q>щипать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e536" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e342" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>čip- : čavd-</w>
                        <gloss><q>собирать</q></gloss></mentioned>. За пределами иранских языков:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e544" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e350" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
                        <w>čap-</w>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e552" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e358" xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
                        <w>čap-</w>
                        <gloss><q>рубить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e560" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e366" xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
                        <w>čab-</w>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1916</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e573" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e379" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
                        <w>čab-</w>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e581" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e387" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>цапать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e586" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e392" xml:lang="ru"><w>цапнуть</w>
                        <gloss><q>хватить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e592" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e398" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>треснуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e598" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e404" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>ударить</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e608" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e414" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">чaпыны</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e613" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e420" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><w n="0">чaпкыны</w>
                        <gloss><q>ударить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e619" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e427" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><w n="0">чaп</w>
                        <gloss><q>било</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e434" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">чaбы</w>
                        <gloss><q>пощечина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e443" xml:lang="udm"><w n="0">чaбыны</w>
                        <gloss><q>хлоиатъ в ладоши</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e451" xml:lang="myv"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">чавомс</w>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Как видно из приведенных фактов,
                    ближайшие по значению соответствия находим не в иранских языках („красть“), а в
                    тюркских, финских и русском. Это одно из тех слов, которые приходится
                    рассматривать не в аспекте внутрииранской сравнительной лексикологии, а в плане
                    территориально-географических изоглосс, захватывающих несколько языковых групп.
                    Развитие значения ‘ударять’ → ‘красть’ не выходит за рамки возможного; ср.
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e648" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e460" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>цапнуть</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, с одной стороны, в
                            значении ‘ударить’, с другой — ‘схватить’, ‘стянуть‘</note></mentioned>, или <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e655" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e467" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                        <w>to pick</w>
                        <gloss><q>долбить</q></gloss></mentioned> и ‘обворовывать’. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæf"/> ‘удар’, ‘рана’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyʒævyn"/> ‘касаться’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_særʒævæn"/> ‘булавка’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrtʒævæn"/> ‘памятник’.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The word is close to some Iranian and non-Iranian words
                    widespread in the Central Asia and Eastern Europe: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e293" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e487" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*čaβ- : *čaft-(čβ-, čβt-)</w>
                        <gloss><q>steal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e301" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e495" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>kidnap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e307" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e501" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>čāpīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>rob</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e315" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e509" xml:lang="fa"><w>čāp</w>
                        <gloss><q>robbery</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e321" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e515" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>caf- : caft-</w>
                        <gloss><q>steal</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e334" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e528" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>cəb : cəvd-</w>
                        <gloss><q>nip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e342" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e536" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>čip- : čavd-</w>
                        <gloss><q>pick</q></gloss></mentioned>. Beyond Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e350" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e544" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
                        <w>čap-</w>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e358" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e552" xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
                        <w>čap-</w>
                        <gloss><q>cut down</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e366" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e560" xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
                        <w>čab-</w>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1916</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e379" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e573" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
                        <w>čab-</w>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e387" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e581" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>capatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e392" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e586" xml:lang="ru"><w>capnutʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>grasp</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e398" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e592" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>strike</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e404" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e598" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>hit</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e414" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e608" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>čapyny</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e420" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e613" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><w>čapkyny</w>
                        <gloss><q>hit</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e427" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e619" xml:lang="udm" extralang="kv"><w>čap</w>
                        <gloss><q>beater</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e625" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>čaby</w>
                        <gloss><q>slap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e633" xml:lang="udm"><w>čabyny</w>
                        <gloss><q>clap smb's hands</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3220e640" xml:lang="myv"><lang/>
                        <w>čavoms</w>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned>. As it can be seen from the facts
                    above, the closest correspondences by the meaning are found not in Iranian
                    languages ​​(“steal”), but in Turkic, Finnic and Russian languages. This is one
                    of those words which needs to be considered not in terms of inter-Iranian
                    comparative lexicology but in terms of areal-geographic isoglosses enclosing
                    several language groups. The development of the meaning ‘hit’ → ‘steal’ is not
                    impossible; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e460" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e648" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>capnutʼ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, on the one hand, in the meaning ‘hit’, on
                            the other hand — ‘grab’, ‘steal’</note></mentioned>, or <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3220e467" xml:id="mentioned_d3220e655" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
                        <w>to pick</w>
                        <gloss><q>strike</q></gloss></mentioned> and ‘clean out’. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæf"/> ‘hit’, ‘wound’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyʒævyn"/> ‘touch’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_særʒævæn"/> ‘pin’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrtʒævæn"/> ‘monument’.</etym>
            </entry>
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