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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zūlkʼ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zūlkʼ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1065e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zūlkʼ</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zolkʼæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1065e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>червь</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>worm</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>червяк</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>wormling</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duazolkʼæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>duazolkʼæ</w>
            <gloss><q>пиявка</q></gloss></ref> (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>371</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duazolkʼæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>duazolkʼæ</w>
            <gloss><q>leech</q></gloss></ref> (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>371</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zūlḱʼyty bon</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">день червей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">day of worms</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> — четверг последней недели великого поста, когда
              молились, чтобы черви не вредили растениям (<bibl><author>Чибиров</author>.
                  <title>Народный земледельческий календарь осетин</title>.
                  <pubPlace>Цхинвали</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                137</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> – Thursday of the last week of Lent, when people
              prayed that worms would not harm plants (<bibl><author>Čibirov</author>.
                  <title>Narodnyj zemledelʹčeskij kalendarʹ osetin [National agricultural calendar
                  of Ossetians]</title>. <pubPlace>Tskhinvali</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 137</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wallon, <oRef>zulḱʼytæ</oRef>, qændīl,
              cʼyscʼysag fag k˳y nyqq˳yrync, xūr, dæ cardy xos</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дождевой червь, червяки, жук, кузнечик вдоволь
                глотают, о солнце, твой живительный эликсир</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an earthworm, worms, a beetle, a grasshopper
                swallow your life-giving elixir, oh sun</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næltæ, siltæ... nad næmuncæ
                <oRef>zolkʼitaw</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мужчины, женщины копошатся на дороге, как
                черви</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">men, women are swarming on the road like
                worms</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xucaw rarvista (paxomparmæ) ors
                <oRef>zolkʼitæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бог послал (к пророку) белых червей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God sent white worms (to the prophet)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из предания
                  <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Как появились пчелы</q></note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the legend <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">How
                  bees appeared</q></note>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xucaw zaǧta <oRef>zolkʼitæn</oRef>: cæj,
              bazurgin isotæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бог сказал червям: станьте крылатыми</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God said to the worms: become winged</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">там
                же</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the legend <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">How bees appeared</q></note>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к названию <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">пиявки</hi></gloss>
            <w type="rec">zaluka</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zalū</w>, <w>zālū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>zalū</w>, <w>zalūg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>zulluk</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Русско-тадж. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              489</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>žarāɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>žawara</w>
            <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">žarwa</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang>Др.инд.</lang>
            <w>ǰalūkā-</w></mentioned> считается иранским заимствованием (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 423 sq.</biblScope></bibl>). Из иранского идут также тюркские формы:
            <mentioned xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
            <w>zuluk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
            <w>zülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
            <w>zülük</w>, <w>sülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr" extralang="kum tk"><lang/>
            <w>sülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nog"><lang/>
            <w>sülik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cjs"><lang/>
            <w>šülük</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 1111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
            <w>sölek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
            <w>sülik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>sələx</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>436</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В осетинский слово вошло,
          судя по огласовке, через тюркское посредство (<mentioned xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
            <w>zuluk</w></mentioned>). Редукция и исчезновение второго гласного — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_būlkʼ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">būlkʼ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">bolgæ</w>
            <gloss><q>редька</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>bolok’i</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang>Др.иран.</lang>
            <w>kṛmi-</w>
            <gloss><q>червь</q></gloss></mentioned> дало <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kalm</w>
            <gloss><q>змея</q></gloss></ref>, но это слово употребляется и в значении <q>червь</q>
          (например: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to the name of <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">leech</hi></gloss>
            <w type="rec">zaluka</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zalū</w>, <w>zālū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>zalū</w>, <w>zalūg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>zulluk</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Russko-tadžikskij slovarʹ [Russian-Tajik
                  dictionary]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p.
                  489</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>žarāɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>žawara</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">žarwa</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰalūkā-</w></mentioned> is considered an Iranian borrowing (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 423 sq.</biblScope></bibl>). Turkic forms also come from Iranian:
            <mentioned xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
            <w>zuluk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
            <w>zülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
            <w>zülük</w>, <w>sülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr" extralang="kum tk"><lang/>
            <w>sülük</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nog"><lang/>
            <w>sülik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cjs"><lang/>
            <w>šülük</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 1111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
            <w>sölek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
            <w>sülik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>sələx</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>436</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Judging by the vowels, the
          word entered Ossetic via Turkic (<mentioned xml:lang="uz"><lang/>
            <w>zuluk</w></mentioned>). The reduction and disappearance of the second vowel is as in
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_būlkʼ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">būlkʼ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">bolgæ</w>
            <gloss><q>radish</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>bolok’i</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>kṛmi-</w>
            <gloss><q>worm</q></gloss></mentioned> gave <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kalm</w>
            <gloss><q>snake</q></gloss></ref>, but this word is also used in the meaning of
            <q>worm</q> (for example: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
      </entry>
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