<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">son</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_son" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3749e66" type="lemma"><orth>son</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3749e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>враг</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>enemy</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>беда</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>trouble</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>несчастье</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>misfortune</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; мало употребительно, обычное слово в этом значении —
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"/>, однако в некоторых традиционных формулах,
          например в концовке сказок, господствует <oRef/>; отмечена также форма <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæson"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; less frequently, a common word in this sense is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"/>, however, in some traditional expressions, for
          example, in the ending of fairy tales, dominates <oRef/>; the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæson"/> is also attested</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sabitæ, ræzgætæ <oRef>sonæj</oRef> wat
              xyzt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дети, растущие, да будете вы избавлены от врага
                (от беды)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">children growing up, may you be relieved of the
                enemy (from trouble)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ryn, <oRef>sonæj</oRef> wæ næ xoxy ʒwærttæ
              baxīzænt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от мора, от врага да избавят вас наши горные
                божестра</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may our mountain deities relieve you of plague,
                of the enemy,</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>109</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartæn sæ ryn, sæ <oRef>son</oRef> fesæftī,
              æmæ ūj tyxxæj k˳yvd kænync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Нартов пропал их бич (<q>мор</q>), их враг, и
                по этому поводу они пируют</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts have lost their curse
                (<q>plague</q>), their enemy, and on this occasion they feast</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 150</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ ryn, wæ <oRef>son</oRef> ta fæzynd
              kæcæjdær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ваш бич, ваш враг опять появился откуда-то</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your plague, your enemy has appeared again from
                somewhere</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 151</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbamynæg næ mast æmæ næ
              <oRef>son</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">исчезли наше горе и несчастье</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our grief and misfortune have disappeared</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
              <biblScope>72—73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūdonæj cy nīcy fedtat, aftæ wæ ryn, wæ
                <oRef>sonæj</oRef> dær macy fenūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как вы не видели ничего из этого (рассказанного
                в сказке), так да не увидите ничего из ваших болезней, ваших врагов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as you have not seen any of this (told in a
                fairy tale), so may you not see any of your diseases, your enemies</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">обычная концовка
                сказок</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">a regual tale ending</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I 97, III 110, 155, 173, 177, 183 etc.</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>son</oRef> mæmæ ka ʽj, e Majraj bænttæ
              fevzaræd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто мне враг, тот пусть испытает (то, что
                испытала) в свои дни Мария</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whoever is my enemy, let him experience what
                Mary experienced in her days</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">только врагу пожелаю испытать то, что испытала
                Мария</q>)</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">only to the enemy will I wish to experience what
                Maria experienced</q>)</note>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_LQ"/>
              <biblScope>I 36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ <oRef>son</oRef> ka ʽj, e Qajtuqtæj jenceg
              isxæssæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">только врагу пожелаю воспитать аталыка из рода
                Кайтуковых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I wish to raise
                <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230204T085904+0300" comment="???"?>atalyk
                from the Kajtukov family<?oxy_comment_end ?> only to the enemy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ <oRef>son</oRef> æj, du otæ ku
              fækkænis</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мне неприятно, когда ты так делаешь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I hate it when you do that.</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>144</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænmæ <oRef>son</oRef> ku ʽj e ramaræd æ saw
              ræsuǧdi eske cʼuxi ardudæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">только врагу пожелаю, чтобы он убил свою
                смуглую красавицу по чужому наущению</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">only I wish to the enemy that he would kill his
                dark-skinned beautiful girl at someone else’s instigation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 527—528</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>fæson</oRef> mæmæ ku ʽj, e fændarast ma
              fæwwæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто мне враг, тому да не будет доброго пути</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whoever is my enemy, let there be no good way
                for him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
              <biblScope>III 1401</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Гласный <c>o</c> перед <c>n</c> здесь, как и в других случаях, восходит
          к <c>ā</c> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"/> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>dānu-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bon"/> ←<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>bānu-</w></mentioned> и др.). Восстанавливаемое <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sāna-</w></mentioned> представляет яркую
          скифо-согдо-сако-тохарскую изоглоссу: <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sān-</w> (<w>sʽn-</w>) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Залеман</author>,
                  <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                <date> 1907</date>, <biblScope>стр. 544</biblScope></bibl>. —
                  <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_APAW"/>
                <date>1937</date>, <biblScope>стр. 69<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">556</hi>, 78<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">641</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>sānä</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                <biblScope>1945 XIII 210, 1949 XV 35</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <lang>тохар. В</lang>
          <w>sam</w>
          <gloss><q>враг</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Hansen</author>. <title>Tocharisch-iranische
                Beziehungen</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
              <date>1940</date>
              <biblScope>XCIV 156</biblScope></bibl>; cp.: <bibl><author>Kuiper</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
              <date>1964</date>
              <biblScope>XVII 64</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. В тохарский слово могло войти как из
          европейско-скифского, когда <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пратохары</q> жили еще в
          Восточной Европе, так и из сакского в Средней Азии (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>136—139</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang>Парф.</lang>
            <w>Sanatrūk</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
                <biblScope>282—283</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, может быть, ← <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>sān-tarūk</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang>ос.</lang>
            <w>son-tæræg</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">изгоняющий врага</q></gloss></mentioned> (cp.:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
            <biblScope>1968, стр. 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
            <biblScope>41<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>). Этимологический
          анализ слова представляет трудности. Можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sāna-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>sā-</w></mentioned>,
          имея в виду <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>возбранять</q></gloss>, <w>paitī-sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>противостоять</q></gloss>, <w>sātar-</w>
            <gloss>наименование враждебных зороастризму правителей</gloss>, <w>Sāinu-</w>
            <gloss>этнический термин</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Geiger</author>. <title>Ostiranische Kultur</title>.
                  <publisher>Erlangen</publisher>, <date>1882</date>, <biblScope>стр. 193, 199,
                  200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <name>Benveniste</name> сближает с
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>frasāna-</w>
            <gloss><q>разгром</q>, <q>уничтожение</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT">Bailey (KhT</ref>
            <biblScope>VI 360)</biblScope></bibl> производит от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(?)</note></mentioned>. Ближе к истине те, кто
          возводит это слово к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sādna-</w> от <w type="rec">sād-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱād-</w>
            <gloss><q>причинять горе</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sādra-</w>
            <gloss><q>мýка</q>, <q>страдание</q></gloss></mentioned> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sar_1" xml:lang="os"><lang>ос.</lang>
            <w>sar</w></ref>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κήδω</w>
            <gloss><q>тревожить</q>, <q>поражать</q></gloss>, <w>κῆδος</w>
            <gloss><q>горе</q>, <q>забота</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>hatis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hass</w>
            <gloss><q>ненависть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
            <w>hoti</w>
            <gloss><q>враждебный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
            <w>cawdd</w>
            <gloss><q>гнев</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lentz"/>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(по: <bibl><author>Наnsеn</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
                <date>1940</date>
                <biblScope>XCIV 156</biblScope></bibl>)</note></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Szemerenyi</author> apud F. <author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
              Spatantike und Christentum</title>. <pubPlace>Tübingen</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 163</biblScope></bibl>. — Для исходного значения <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">причиняющий неприятность</q> особенно показательно
            <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr><w>mæ</w>
              <oRef>son</oRef>
              <w>æj</w></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">мне неприятно</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(см. выше)</note></mentioned>. — Форма <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæson" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>fæson</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pati-sā(d)na-</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> относится к <oRef/>, как, скажем,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>pādšāh</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pati-xšāy-</w></mentioned>)</note> к <w>šāh</w>
            <gloss><q>шах</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Сарматское имя <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σανδαρζιος</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Корпус №№ 1245,
                1251</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> следует, возможно, толковать <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">врагодержец</q> (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dražaite</w>
            <gloss><q>держит</q></gloss></mentioned>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The vowel <c>o</c> before <c>n</c> here, as in other cases, goes back to
            <c>ā</c> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"/> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>dānu-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bon"/> ←<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>bānu-</w></mentioned> etc.). A reconstructed <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sāna-</w></mentioned> represents a considerable
          Scythian-Sogdian-Saka-Tocharian isogloss: <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sān-</w> (<w>sʽn-</w>) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Zaleman</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                <date> 1907</date>, <biblScope>p. 544</biblScope></bibl>. —
                  <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_APAW"/>
                <date>1937</date>, <biblScope>pp. 69<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">556</hi>, 78<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">641</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>sānä</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                <biblScope>1945 XIII 210, 1949 XV 35</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>sam</w>
            <gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Hansen</author>. <title>Tocharisch-iranische
                  Beziehungen</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
                <date>1940</date>
                <biblScope>XCIV 156</biblScope></bibl>; cf.: <bibl><author>Kuiper</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
                <date>1964</date>
                <biblScope>XVII 64</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The word could have
          entered into Tocharian both from European-Scythian, when the
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230204T090743+0300" comment="????"?><q>Proto-tocharian</q><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          people still lived in Eastern Europe, and from Saka in Central Asia (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>136—139</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>Sanatrūk</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
                <biblScope>282—283</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, probably, ← <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>sān-tarūk</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>son-tæræg</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">expelling the enemy</q></gloss></mentioned>
          (cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
            <biblScope>1968, p. 27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
            <biblScope>41<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>). The
          etymological analysis of the word is rather difficult. It could be traced back to
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sāna-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>sā-</w></mentioned>, bearing in mind <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>preclude</q></gloss>, <w>paitī-sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>resist</q></gloss>, <w>sātar-</w>
            <gloss>the name of rulers hostile to Zoroastrianism</gloss>, <w>Sāinu-</w>
            <gloss>ethnic term</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Geiger</author>. <title>Ostiranische Kultur</title>.
                  <publisher>Erlangen</publisher>, <date>1882</date>, <biblScope>p. 193, 199,
                  200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <name>Benveniste</name> brings it
          closer to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>frasāna-</w>
            <gloss><q>defeat</q>, <q>destruction</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT">KhT</ref>
            <biblScope>VI 360)</biblScope></bibl> derivates it from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>sā-</w>
            <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(?)</note></mentioned>. Closer to the truth are those
          who trace this word to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sādna-</w> from <w type="rec">sād-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱād-</w>
            <gloss><q>hurt</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sādra-</w>
            <gloss><q>torment</q>, <q>suffering</q></gloss></mentioned> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sar_1" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>sar</w></ref>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κήδω</w>
            <gloss><q>disturb</q>, <q>strike</q></gloss>, <w>κῆδος</w>
            <gloss><q>grief</q>, <q>care</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>hatis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hass</w>
            <gloss><q>hate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
            <w>hoti</w>
            <gloss><q>hostile</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
            <w>cawdd</w>
            <gloss><q>anger</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lentz"/>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230204T091537+0300" comment="???? по"?>according
              to<?oxy_comment_end ?>: <bibl><author>Hansen</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
                <date>1940</date>
                <biblScope>XCIV 156</biblScope></bibl>)</note></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Szemerenyi</author> apud F. <author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
              Spatantike und Christentum</title>. <pubPlace>Tübingen</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 163</biblScope></bibl>. — For the initial meaning <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">causing trouble</q> is especially significant <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr><w>mæ</w>
              <oRef>son</oRef>
              <w>æj</w></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I hate it</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(see above)</note></mentioned>. — The form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæson" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>fæson</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pati-sā(d)na-</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> refers to <oRef/>, like, for example,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>pādšāh</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pati-xšāy-</w></mentioned>)</note> to <w>šāh</w>
            <gloss><q>shah</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The Sarmatian <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><w>Σανδαρζιος</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Корпус"/>
                <biblScope xml:lang="en">№№ 1245, 1251</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> should
          perhaps be interpreted as
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230204T091939+0300" comment="???? врагодержец"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">enemy-holder</q><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dražaite</w>
            <gloss><q>holds</q></gloss></mentioned>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>