<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsær</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7xsær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4907e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsær</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsæræ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4907e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лесной орех</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hazelnut</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лещина</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hazel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Corylus avellana</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Corylus avellana</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ænguz</w>
            <gloss><q>грецкий орех</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ænguz</w>
            <gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>æxsærbyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орешник</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hazel</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>лещинник</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>thickets of hazel</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zad sty <oRef>xsærtæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лещина уродилась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hazel is in
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230626T220208+0300" comment="можно ли так сказать про кусты?"?>vigour<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 II 34</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...<oRef>æxsær</oRef> wīstæj bijyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плести из прутьев лещины</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weave out of hazel twigs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmi ærtudtaj <oRef>æxsærtæ</oRef>?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты нарвал лещину?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you get the hazel?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 XII 45</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsæræ</oRef> kʼotærbæl bor
              xumællæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на кусте лещины бурый хмель</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are brown hops on a hazel bush</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsærʒawæni</oRef> kizgajtæ ǧazd
              sarazuncæ fæstund</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушки, собирающие орехи, устраивают после
                сбора игру</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">girls picking nuts arrange a game after
                collecting</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærizǧæluncæ <oRef>æxsærtæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орешки рассыпаются</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nuts crumble</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/></ref>
              <biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærxæstæg dæn <oRef>æxsærbunmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я приблизился к орешнику</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I approached the hazel</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — Отмечено в
            топонимии: д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Æxsærisær</w>
              <gloss><q>Над орешником</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (название
                  селения)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (название
                селения)</note></gloss></mentioned></note>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — Attested in
            toponymy: Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Æxsærisær</w>
              <gloss><q>Over the hazel</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (название
                  селения)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (village
              name)</note></gloss></mentioned></note>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Справедливо сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ṣara-</w>
            <gloss><q>семечко</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>)</note></mentioned>. <note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Harmatta</hi> сопоставляет <hi rendition="#rend_bold">кушанское</hi> имя <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>Saroβirδo</w><note type="bibl">
                    (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Кара-Тепе</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>. <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                  99</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note> Дальнейшее неясно. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> восстанавливает базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kser-</w></mentioned>. Но такая база с подходящим значением в
          индоевропейском не распознается. Сближение с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>akṣoṭa-</w>
            <gloss><q>грецкий орех</q></gloss></mentioned> фонетически сомнительно. Случайным надо
          считать и созвучие с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣarupantrā-</w> (?) <gloss>название небольшого кустарника</gloss>
            <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_PW"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Возможно, что <oRef>xsær</oRef> следует возводить к
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšadra-</w></mentioned> (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/> к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-</w></mentioned>) и связать с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"><w>xšædyn</w>
            <gloss><q>лущить</q></gloss></ref>: орех — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">предмет
            лущения</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лущенный</q>. В семантическом плане ср.
            <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>k’ak’lva</w>, <w>k’ak’vla</w>
            <gloss><q>лущить (орех)</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>k’ak’ali</w>
            <gloss><q>орех</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
            <biblScope>IV 1027</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
            <biblScope>19, 20</biblScope></bibl>) или <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
            <w>lúščiti</w>
            <gloss><q>лущить</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><w>lûsk</w>
            <gloss><q>стручок</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>II 71, 73)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">Отглагольные имена на
              <c>-ra-</c> весьма обычны в индоиранском. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">(Suffix)
                <c>-ra-</c> geht auf ig. <c>-ro-</c> zurück, das in der Grundsprache ein sehr
              beliebtes Suffix zur Bildung von Adjektiven <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">mit der
                Bedeutung mit dem Verbalbegriff behaftet</q> gewesen zu sein scheint... aktivisch
                (śakra-<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">helfend</q>), passivisch (z. B. miśra- <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">vermischt</q>)</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
              <biblScope>II 2 852—853</biblScope></bibl>).</note> См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>407</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">It is brought together with <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ṣara-</w>
            <gloss><q>seed</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Harmatta</hi> compares the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Kushan</hi> name <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>Saroβirδo</w><note type="bibl">
                    (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Kara-Tepe</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>. <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
                    99</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note> Further, it is unclear. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> reconstructs the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kser-</w></mentioned>. But such a base with a suitable meaning is not
          recognized in Indo-European. Bringing together with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>akṣoṭa-</w>
            <gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></mentioned> is phonetically doubtful. Accidental is also
          resemblance to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣarupantrā-</w> (?) <gloss>name of a small shrub</gloss><note type="bibl">
                  (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_PW"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Perhaps,
            <oRef>xsær</oRef> should be traced back to<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšadra-</w></mentioned> (like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/> to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-</w></mentioned>) and related to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"><w>xšædyn</w>
            <gloss><q>peel</q></gloss></ref>: the nut is an <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">object
            of peeling</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">peeled one</q>. Semantically, cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>k’ak’lva</w>, <w>k’ak’vla</w>
            <gloss><q>peel (nut)</q></gloss></mentioned> along with <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>k’ak’ali</w>
            <gloss><q>nut</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
            <biblScope>IV 1027</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
            <biblScope>19, 20</biblScope></bibl>) or <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
            <w>lúščiti</w>
            <gloss><q>peel</q></gloss></mentioned> along with <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><w>lûsk</w>
            <gloss><q>pod</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>II 71, 73)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">Deverbal names with
              <c>-ra-</c> are quite common in Indo-Iranian. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">(Suffix) <c>-ra-</c> geht auf ig. <c>-ro-</c> zurück, das in der Grundsprache ein
              sehr beliebtes Suffix zur Bildung von Adjektiven <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">mit
                der Bedeutung mit dem Verbalbegriff behaftet</q> gewesen zu sein scheint...
              aktivisch (śakra-<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">helfend</q>), passivisch (z. B.
              miśra- <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">vermischt</q>)</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
              <biblScope>II 2 852—853</biblScope></bibl>).</note> See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsædyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>407</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>