<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arfæ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_arfæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T200441+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3698e66" type="lemma"><orth>arfæ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e69">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e70">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>благословение</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>blessing</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e79">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>поздравление</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>congratulation</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e88">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>приветствие</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>greeting</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e97">
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском также</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in Digor also </note>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>заговор (против сглаза и пр.)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>spell (against the evil eye etc.)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3698e115">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3698e117" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>arfæ</oRef>
                        kænyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e120">
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e121">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>благословлять</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>to bless</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e130">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>благодарить</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>to thank</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                    </sense>
                    <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e219">
                            <quote><oRef>arfætægængæ</oRef> sæ xæʒærttæm adæm cydysty</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>со словами благодарности народ расходился по домам</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>with words of gratitude, the people went home</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                                <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e280" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                            <usg><lang/></usg>
                            <quote><oRef>arfæ kænunmæ</oRef> ma ragi æj; næ kinʒæ næ xæʒaræ næma
                                issirdta</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>поздравлять еще рано: наша невестка еще не прибыла в наш дом</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>it is too early to congratulate: our daughter-in-law has not yet
                                    arrived at our house</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
                                <biblScope>1949 II 37</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d3698e141">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3698e143" type="lemma"><orth>arfægond</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3698e146">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>благословенный</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>blessed</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
                            <quote>X˳ycawæj <oRef>arfægond</oRef> næ festæm</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>нет на нас Божьего благословения</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>we have not become blessed by God</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                                <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e321">
                            <quote><oRef>arfægond</oRef> ū X˳ycawy nomæj cæwæg</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>благословен грядый во имя Господне</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
                                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">21</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3698e157">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e159">
                        <quote>arvy dwar fegom, æmæ Xætægo sk˳yvta ærdæg jæxīcæn ælǧyst, ærdæg
                                <oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>врата неба открылись, и Хатаго взмолился, (прося) себе наполовину
                                проклятия, наполовину благословения</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the gates of heaven opened, and Khætægo prayed, (asking) half a
                                curse, half a blessing for himself</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 72</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e178">
                        <quote>Sozyryqo jæ žippæj sista šarmy k’ylbyz, <oRef>arfætæ</oRef> jyl
                            bakodta æmæ jæ ḱyzgyl aværdta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Созруко достал из кармана лоскут кожи, произнес над ним заклинания и
                                положил его на девушку</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Sozruqo took a piece of leather from his pocket, pronounced charms
                                over it and put it on the girl</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>I 97</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e197" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>cæsti <oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>заговор (против дурного) глаза</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>charm (against the evil) eye</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>172—174</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e238" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>dukkag ku fæxxiztaisæ, wædta dæbæl mæ
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T174415+0300" comment="formally this is arfæ kænun, but the meaning is not &apos;to thank&apos; (although perhaps here it is used ironically; Abaev&apos;s translation does not indicate this)"?><oRef>arfæ</oRef>
                            simbælun kodtainæ<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>если бы ты подождал второго (выстрела), я послал бы тебе мое
                                    <oRef>arfæ</oRef> (т. е. убил бы тебя)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>if you had waited for the second (shot), I would have sent you my
                                    <oRef>arfæ</oRef> (i.e., I would have killed you)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e302">
                        <quote>nīḱī myn rakodta axæm xorz <oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>никто не сделал мне такого хорошего пожелания</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>no one made me such a good wish</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>144</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Закономерная перестановка из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">afr-</w></mentioned>; восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e479" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e344" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>āfrī-</w></mentioned> (ожидаемого перехода <c>r</c> в <c>l</c> перед
                        <c>i</c> не произошло, вероятно, потому, что исходной была форма на сильной
                    ступени: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āfray-</w></mentioned>):
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e484" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e349" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                            <w>āfarīn</w>, <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e489" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e354" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                            <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>хвала</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e497" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e362" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>nafrīn</w>
                        <gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e505" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e370" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">afrīw-</w> (<w>ʼʼpryw-</w>), <w type="rec">āfrīn</w>
                            (<w>ʼʼpryn-</w>) <gloss><q>благословлять</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e514" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e379" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼʼprywn</w>)
                                <gloss><q>благословение</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e520" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e385" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
                            <w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼfrywn</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e525" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e390" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                            <w>aùrya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e530" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e395" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>āfrītī-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>заклинание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>благословение</q></gloss>,
                                <gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e551" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e416" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из <m>ā-</m> + <w>frī-</w>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e555" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e420" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                                <w>prī</w></mentioned>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>пожелать кому (хорошего или дурного)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e564" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e429" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-vācah</w>
                        <gloss><q>благословляющий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>проклинающий</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e576" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e441" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <phr>arfæjy wac</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
                    Амбивалентность значения (<gloss><q>благословлять</q></gloss> —
                            <gloss><q>проклинать</q></gloss>), утраченная в персидском, где для
                    негативного значения создано новообразование (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e581" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e446" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>nafrīn</w></mentioned>), ясно еще чувствуется в осетинском, например
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>cæsti arfæ</phr>
                        <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T194408+0300" comment="I do not understand why (according to Abaev) this displays the negative meaning, because the charm is AGAINST the evil eye… (-&gt; &apos;blessing of the eye&apos;)"?>заговор
                                против дурного глаза<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>, см.
                    выше. Однако позитивное значение и в осетинском получило преобладание, так что
                    слову <oRef/> нередко противопоставляется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lǧītyn"><w>lǧyst</w>
                        <gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></ref>. С корнем <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>frī-</w></mentioned> мы встречаемся еще в слове <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
                        <gloss><q>друг</q></gloss></ref> q. v.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
                        <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
                        <biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                        <biblScope>X 907</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">ОЯФ I 72, 581, 583 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Regular alternation from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">afr-</w></mentioned>; goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e479" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>āfrī-</w></mentioned> (there were no alterantion of <c>r</c> to <c>l</c>
                    before <c>i</c>, probably because of the fact that the strong grade form was
                    initial: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āfray-</w></mentioned>):
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e484" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                            <w>āfarīn</w>, <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e489" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                            <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>praise</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e497" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>nafrīn</w>
                        <gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e505" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">afrīw-</w> (<w>ʼʼpryw-</w>), <w type="rec">āfrīn</w>
                            (<w>ʼʼpryn-</w>) <gloss><q>to bless</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e514" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āfrīwan</w>
                            (<w>ʼʼprywn</w>) <gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e520" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
                            <w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼfrywn</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e525" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                            <w>aùrya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e530" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>āfrītī-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>spell</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss>,
                                <gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e551" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из <m>ā-</m> + <w>frī-</w>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e555" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                                <w>prī</w></mentioned>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>wish someone (well or
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T195410+0300" comment="?"?>unwell<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e564" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-vācah</w>
                        <gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cursing</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e576" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <phr>arfæjy wac</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. The semantic
                    ambiguity (<gloss><q>bless</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>curse</q></gloss>) has been
                    lost in Persian, where a new derivate was created for the negative meaning
                        (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e446" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e581" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>nafrīn</w></mentioned>), but it is still available in Ossetic, e.g.
                        <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>cæsti arfæ</phr>
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T195549+0300" comment="I do not understand why (according to Abaev) this displays the negative meaning, because the charm is AGAINST the evil eye… (-&gt; &apos;blessing of the eye&apos;)"?><gloss><q>spell
                                against the evil eye</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>, see
                    above. However, the positive meaning has become prevalent in Ossetic, so the
                    word <oRef/> is often opposed to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lǧītyn"><w>lǧyst</w>
                        <gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></ref>. The stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>frī-</w></mentioned> can also be found in the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
                        <gloss><q>friend</q></gloss></ref> q. v.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
                            <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
                        <biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                        <biblScope>X 907</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">72, 581, 583 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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