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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qazaq(q)</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_qazaq6q9" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2347e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qazaq(q)</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d2347e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>qazax</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2347e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>казаки</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>cossacks</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d2347e82">
          <form xml:id="form_d2347e84" type="lemma"><orth>qazaqqag</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2347e87"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">казак</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cossack</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2347e100">
          <example xml:id="example_d2347e102">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gævzykk adæmy rastyn kodta donag qazaqqag
              Stepan Razin</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бедняков поднял на восстание донской казак
                Степан Разин"</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the poor were raised to revolt by the Don
                Cossack Stepan Razin</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><title>SSRC-y istorijy cybyr kurs</title>.
                <biblScope>Tskhinvali, 1938, p. 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2347e125">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn ūcy bæx k˳y næ wa, wæd mæ card nīcy ū,
              ærcaxsʒysty mæ qazaqq</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если у меня не будет того коня, то моя жизнь
                ничего не стоит, казаки меня поймают</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if I don’t have that horse, then my life is
                worthless, the Cossacks will catch me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>147</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Тюркское слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e275" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e152" xml:lang="trk"><w>qazaq</w></mentioned>
          выступает в нескольких значениях: 1. <q>вольный крестьянин</q>, 2. <q>наемный работник</q>
          (в этом значении и в древнерусском), 3. <q>воин-бродяга</q>, <q>разбойник</q>, 4.
            <q>вольный поселенец южнорусских степей</q>, <q>казак</q>, 5. племенное название
          (казах). (Об этом слове см.: <bibl><author>Самойлович</author>. <title>О слове <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">казак</q></title>. <biblScope> В сб.: Казахи.
              Антропологические очерки, Л., 1927, стр. 5—16</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Дмитриев</author>. <title>Строй тюркских языков</title>. <biblScope>М.,
              1962, стр. 496, 535</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
            <biblScope>168—169</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
            <biblScope>III 462—468</biblScope></bibl>). Ос. <oRef>qazaqq</oRef> по значению
          примыкает к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e321" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e198" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>казак</w></mentioned>, но сохраняет тюркское произношение (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e326" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e203" xml:lang="ru"><lang>русск.</lang>
            <c>к</c></mentioned> не дает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e331" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e208" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>q</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e336" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e213" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>картофель</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kartof" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kartof</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e347" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e224" xml:lang="ru"><lang>русск.</lang>
            <c>копейка</c></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kapek</w></ref> и др.). В языках Кавказа мы находим наше слово не только в значении
            <q>казак</q>, но кое-где и в исходном значении <q>вольный крестьянин</q>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e361" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e238" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>qazaxi</w>
            <gloss><q>крестьянин</q>, также <q>молодец</q>, <q>герой</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          Значение <q>наемный работник</q> или <q>наемный воин</q> удержалось в осетинской
          поговорке: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d2347e255" xml:lang="os">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæmyzd qazaqq īs, fælæ ænæxælc qazaqq
              næj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">есть казаки без жалованья, но нет казаков без
                кормежки</q>
            </tr>
            
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 235</biblScope></bibl>
          </example> .</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A Turkic word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e152" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e275" xml:lang="trk"><w>qazaq</w></mentioned> has
          several meanings: 1. <q>free peasant</q>, 2. <q>employee</q> (in this meaning also in Old
          Russian), 3. <q>rogue warrior</q>, <q>outlaw</q>, 4. <q>a free settler of the southern
            Russian steppes</q>, <q>Cossack</q>, 5. tribal name (Kazakh). (Further information about
          this word see in: <bibl><author>Samoilovich</author>. <title>About the word <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">cossack</q></title>. <biblScope> In the collection:
              Kazakhs. Anthropological essays, L., 1927, p. 5—16</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Dmitriev</author>. <title>The structure of the Turkic languages</title>.
              <biblScope>M., 1962, p. 496, 535</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
            <biblScope>168—169</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
            <biblScope>III 462—468</biblScope></bibl>). Ossetic <oRef>qazaqq</oRef> is close to
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e198" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e321" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>kazak</w></mentioned> by its meaning, but retains the Turkic pronunciation
            (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e203" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e326" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <c>k</c></mentioned> does not reflect in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e208" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e331" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>q</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e213" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e336" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>kartofelʼ</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kartof" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kartof</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e224" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e347" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <c>kopejka</c></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>kapek</w></ref> etc.). In the languages of the Caucasus we find our word not only in
          the meaning <q>cossack</q>, but somewhere in the initial meaning <q>free peasant</q>:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e238" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e361" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>qazaxi</w>
            <gloss><q>peasant</q>, also <q>fellow</q>, <q>hero</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning
            <q>employee</q> or <q>mercenary warrior</q> was retained in the Ossetic proverb:
            <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d2347e378" xml:lang="os">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæmyzd qazaqq īs, fælæ ænæxælc qazaqq
              næj</quote>
            
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are Cossacks without pay, but there are
                no Cossacks without food</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 235</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>.</etym>
      </entry>
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