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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæf</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_kæf" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3592e66" type="lemma"><orth>kæf</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3592e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>рыба</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>fish</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3592e79">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3592e81" type="lemma"><orth>kæfty mæj</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3592e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>месяц рыб</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the month of fish</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3592e95">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3592e97">
                        <quote>kæf jæ kʼūdijæ xæcy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>рыба бьется своим хвостом</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a fish is beating with its tail</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            211</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3592e116">
                        <quote>cyrd læppūjæn — kæf</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>проворному мальчику (в награду) рыба</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a nimble boy gets a fish (as a reward)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3592e135">
                        <quote>Kæftysær Xujændon ældar<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (название
                                какого-то владетеля (боспорского царя?) в нартовском
                                эпосе)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (the name of some
                                ruler (a Bosporan tsar?) in the Nart epos)</note></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Глава рыб алдар Пролива</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>The head of fish, the <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aldar</hi> of the strait</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>I 39, 40, 83,
                                84</biblScope></bibl>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I 63, 64, 65, 101,
                                102</biblScope></bibl>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>300, 301,
                                302</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3592e168">
                        <quote>walʒæg wyd… bæstæ card yssī; alḱī jæ kʼaīmæ baīw: mærǧtæ, bynʒytæ,
                            kæftæ, kæsægtæ…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>была весна… все ожило; все (живые существа) соединялись каждый со
                                своей парой: птицы, мухи, крупные рыбы, мелкие рыбы…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>it was spring… everything came to life; all (living creatures)
                                connected each with their pair: birds, flies, large fish, small
                                fish…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Общее восточноиранское слово; одна из характернейших лексических
                    изоглосс, противоставляющих эту группу западноиранской, где находим для рыбы
                    другое слово — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">masya-</hi>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e190" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e283" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e195" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kāp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e288" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e200" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>kūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e293" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e205" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>kab</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e298" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e210" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kap-(kp-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e304" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e216" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kava</w>
                        <gloss><q>рыба</q></gloss></mentioned>. С уверенностью восстанавливается
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e312" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e224" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>*kapa</w>
                        <gloss><q>рыба</q></gloss></mentioned>. Оно наличествует в названии
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Panti-kapa-</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Παντικάπης</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Παντικάπαιον</hi>), что значит „рыбный
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kapa-</hi>) путь (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">panti-</hi>)“— сложное слово с „инверсией“. — Происхождение
                    слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kapa-</hi> не ясно. Может быть, его следует сопоставлять c <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e320" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e232" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kapanā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e325" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e237" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>kāpe</w>
                        <gloss><q>гусеница</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для развития значения ср.
                    ст.слав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">рыба</hi>, которое сближается с герм. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rūb-</hi> (нем. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Raupe</hi>)
                    ‘гусеница’, герм. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Robbe</hi> ‘тюлень’. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfoj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæwgæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Geiger._Afgh."/><biblScope>No 62</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Gauthiot</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/><biblScope>XIX 3 147</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Charpentier</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MO"/><biblScope>XVIII 16 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>50, 170, 197,
                            212, 235, 237</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A general East-Iranian word; it is one of the most
                    characteristic lexical isoglosses, which constrasts this group to West-Iranian
                    one, where there is another word for a fish — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">masya-</hi>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e190" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e278" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e195" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e283" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kāp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e200" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e288" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>kūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e205" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e293" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>kab</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e210" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e298" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kap-(kp-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e216" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e304" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kava</w>
                        <gloss><q>fish</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e224" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e312" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>*kapa</w>
                        <gloss><q>fish</q></gloss></mentioned> is reconstructed with certainty. It
                    is present in the name <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Panti-kapa-</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Παντικάπης</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Παντικάπαιον</hi>), which
                    means „fishy (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kapa-</hi>) path (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">panti-</hi>)“— a compound word with “inversion”. —
                    The origin of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kapa-</hi> is unknown. Maybe it should be compared with
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e232" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e320" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kapanā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3592e237" xml:id="mentioned_d3592e325" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>kāpe</w>
                        <gloss><q>caterpillar</q></gloss></mentioned>. For the development of this
                    meaning cf. Old Slavonic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">рыба</hi>, which comes closer to Germanic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rūb-</hi>
                    (German <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Raupe</hi>) ‘caterpillar’, Germanic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Robbe</hi> ‘seal’. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfoj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæwgæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Geiger._Afgh."/><biblScope>No 62</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Gauthiot</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/><biblScope>XIX 3 147</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Charpentier</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MO"/><biblScope>XVIII 16 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>50, 170, 197,
                            212, 235, 237</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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