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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæræg</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæræg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T183015+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d83e66" type="lemma"><orth>xæræg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d83e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>осел</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>donkey</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ишак</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T202246+0300" comment="не знаю стоит ли давать этот синоним"?>ass<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæræǵy kʼælæw</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осленок</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey foal</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xærægdym</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xærægsynʒ</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">названия растений</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">names of plants</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xærægbædæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бересклет</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spindle tree</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>Evonymus europaeus</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q><foreign>Evonymus europaeus</foreign></q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xærægwarǧ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный вьюк</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                  <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                  <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                  <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                  <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey load</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                  <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                  <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xærægǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">имеющий осла</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">having a donkey</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xærægsast</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ничья в борьбе, состязании</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">draw in a fight, competition</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xærægqæd</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xærægǧædæ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">брус-подставка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">foundation beam</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ækkojæ mæ nyxmæ kæm læwwyd <oRef/></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в (таскании вьюков на) спине против меня не
                устоял бы (даже) осел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in (carrying loads on my) back (even) a donkey
                could not stand against me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsīny læg cʼæx <oRef>xærægaw</oRef> tu nal
              særfy jæ cæskomæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">господский холуй, подобно серому ишаку, не
                стирает плевков с лица</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a master’s lackey, like a grey donkey, never
                removes spits from his face</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> cīn — dændagæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиная ласка — зубами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a donkey’s caress is with its teeth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærægæj</oRef> x˳ym bakænʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он на осле поле вспашет (на все способен)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he will plow a field with a donkey (able to do
                anything)</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærǵyty</oRef> dūǧy dær īw færazæj
              wyzæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и в скачке ослов один окажется впереди</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even in a donkeys’ race one will be the
                leader</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> bærkʼa fīwy tyxt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный помет, завернутый в сало</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey dung wrapped in lard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка: снаружи —
                блеск, внутри — дерьмо</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">a saying: lustre outside,
                dung inside</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wajʒ æftæ jyn <oRef/> warǧæn næ
              axæsʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его упреки (так тяжелы, что) осел не снесет их
                в качестве вьюка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his reproaches (are so sever that even) a
                donkey will not carry them for a load</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/>, ma amæl, — særd ærcæwʒænīs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не издыхай, ишак, — придет лето</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not die, donkey: summer will come</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> dymæg!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный хвост!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey tail!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">выражение,
                соответствующее примерно русскому <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">черта
                  лысого!</q></biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T205240+0300" comment="? чёрта лысого"?>an
                expression meaning that the speaker won’t give to the hearer what they asked
                for<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fosæj jæm cy wyd? īw
              <oRef>xæræg</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что у него было из домашнего скота? один
                осел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what did he have of livestock? one donkey</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Copan… naj kodta mūsy mīdæg kʼūda gal æmæ
              cʼæx <oRef>xærægæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Цопан молотил (зерно) на току c помощью
                бесхвостого быка и серого осла</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tsopan threshed (grain) on the threshing floor
                with a tailless ox and a grey donkey</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū balxædta īw <oRef/>
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T205324+0300" comment="NB: æd"?>æd
              kʼælæw<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша купил одну ослицу вместе c осленком</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the boy bought one she-ass with (her) foal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 160</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj mæ nymætyn jæxsæj ærcæftæ kodta, æmæ
              <oRef/> festadtæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она хлестнула меня войлочной плетью, и я
                обратился в осла</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she whipped me with a felt lash, and I turned
                into a donkey</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>293</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg <oRef>xærægyl</oRef> ysbadtī
              zyǧ˳ymmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сел на осла задом наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uruzmæg sat on the donkey backwards</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱī k˳yz, ḱī <oRef/> dæ?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что ты за пес, что ты за ишак?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what a dog are you, what a donkey?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd mæ gædy ʒyrdtæj bafynæj kænaj, wæd dyn
                <oRef>xærægwarǧ</oRef> syǧzærīn æxca</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ты усыпишь меня, рассказывая небылицы, то
                (дам) тебе ослиный вьюк золотых денег</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you make me sleep by telling tall tales,
                then (I will give) you a donkey’s load of golden money</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dærǧæfs īwyldær xæragǵyntæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все (жители) аула Даргафс владеют ослами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">all the (inhabitants) of the Dærghæfs village
                have donkeys</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūmæj <oRef>xærægdær</oRef> ma lag
              wyʒæn!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будет ли человек более (подобный) ослу!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">will there be a man more (like) a donkey!</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mulk in æ fidæj beræ bajzadæj, fal imæ nur ba
              ewnæg tikis, ewnæg <oRef>xæræg</oRef>, xumi gæppæl æma igwærdænæj ændær necibal
              adtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от отца ему досталось много добра, но теперь у
                него ничего уже не было, кроме одного кота, одного осла, клочка пашни и покосного
                участка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from his father he received many possessions,
                but he no longer had anything now, except for one cat, one donkey, a bit of arable
                land and a mowing plot</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> bæxi ne ’jjafuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осел не может тягаться с конем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a donkey cannot compete with a horse</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæj xevastdær xwænxag <oRef/> dær næma
              fæwwidton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">упрямее тебя я еще не видел даже горного
                ишака</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I haven’t seen even a mountain donkey more
                stubborn than you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1940</date>
              <biblScope>III 53</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xaraka-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><lang>перс.</lang>
              <w>xar</w>
              <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><w>xarak</w>
              <gloss><q>осленок</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>khar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>xar</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>ker</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
              <w>khor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>xrə</w></mentioned></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>nar-xar markab</w>
            <gloss><q>осел-самец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>šer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>xara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>xoro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>xůr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><w>xor</w></mentioned></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>xuṛ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xarak</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γr-</w></mentioned>)
                <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>*xarāčarm</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γrʼčrm-</w></mentioned>)
                <gloss><q>ослиная шкура</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khara-</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
                <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">xara-pati-</w>
              <gloss><q>Eselhirt</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> — <author>Mayrhofer</author>.
                  <title>Antiguo persa</title>. <pubPlace>Madrid</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 114, 126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>khara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lah"><?oxy_comment_start author="Artyom" timestamp="20230604T210508+0300" comment="нужно добавить, наверное, в базу" flag="done"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
              <w>khark</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>осел</q> и др.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
                <biblScope>I 200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Данные осетинского языка
          позволяют предположить, что исходное значение этого индоиранского слова было <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q>; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/>.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>Cʼæx</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></ref> и сейчас, остается в осетинском устойчивым эпитетом
          осла, см. выше цитаты (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
            <biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>grison</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q> → <q>осел</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(в частности, у <name>Лафонтена</name>)</note></mentioned> и
            <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
            <w>grauwtje</w>
            <gloss><q>осел</q>, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <q>серый</q> распознается также в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>khara-vaṛna-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серого цвета</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><author>Lüders</author> (<title>Textilien im alten Turkistan</title>.
              <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>стр. 35</biblScope>)</bibl> переводит <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ослиного цвета</q>. Однако естественнее думать, что не
          цвет назван по ослу, а осел по цвету и что <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-vaṛna-</w></mentioned> стоит в одном ряду с такими образованиями как
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śukra-vaṛna-</w>
            <gloss><q>светлого цвета</q> и т. п.</gloss></mentioned> Как прямое продолжение
            <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
            <w>xər</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. За пределами арийского ср. <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>kercap</w>
            <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, где в первой части <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Windekens"/> (<biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> справедливо усматривает
            <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><w>ker-</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Осел как домашнее вьючное животное известен
          индоиранским на родам от глубокой древности (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>I 270</biblScope></bibl>). Это относится и к далеким предкам осетин. Не
          случайно неоднократное упоминание об осле в эпосе о Нартах (см. цитаты выше). Знали они и
          дикого осла. В описании Херсонеса Таврического <name>Страбон</name> между прочим сообщает:
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Охоты устраиваются в болотах на оленей и кабанов, а в
            степях — на диких ослов (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ὀνάγρων</w></mentioned>) и
            косулей</q> (<bibl><author>Strabo</author>
            <biblScope>VII 4 8</biblScope></bibl>). — Об использовании слова <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">осел</q> в значении <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">подставка</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">опора</q> и т. п. см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axxæræg"><w>axxæræg</w>
            <gloss><q>главная потолочная балка</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ag-xæræg</w>
            <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"><w>ag</w>
                <gloss><q>котел</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">балка, к которой подвешивался котел</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
                <biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. К приведенному там материалу
          можно добавить <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang>груз.</lang>
            <note type="comment">(диал.)</note>
            <w>xiraga</w>
            <gloss><q>ослиное деревянное седло</q>, а также <q>козлы, употребляемые при подковке
                волов</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Ахвледиани</author>
                <title>Сборник</title>
                <biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
            <w>xərək</w>
            <gloss><q>кобылка музык. инструментов</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Уйгур.-русск. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              421</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærgæfs"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 47, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>28, 48, 57, 188</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xaraka-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><lang>перс.</lang>
              <w>xar</w>
              <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><w>xarak</w>
              <gloss><q>donkey foal</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>khar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>xar</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>ker</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
              <w>khor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>xrə</w></mentioned></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>nar-xar markab</w>
            <gloss><q>he-ass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>šer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>xara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>xoro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>xůr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><w>xor</w></mentioned></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>xuṛ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xarak</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γr-</w></mentioned>)
                <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">xarāčarm</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γrʼčrm-</w></mentioned>) <gloss><q>donkey hide</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khara-</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
                <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">xara-pati-</w>
              <gloss><q>Eselhirt</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> — <author>Mayrhofer</author>.
                  <title>Antiguo persa</title>. <pubPlace>Madrid</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date>,
                  <biblScope>pp. 114, 126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>khara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lah"><?oxy_comment_start author="Artyom" timestamp="20230604T210508+0300" comment="нужно добавить, наверное, в базу" flag="done"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
              <w>khark</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q> etc.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
                <biblScope>I 200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The data of Ossetic allow
          us to conjecture that the original meaning of this Indo-Iranian word was <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/>.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>Cʼæx</w>
            <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></ref> still remains a stable epithet for a donkey in Ossetic,
          see quotations above (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
            <biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>grison</w>
            <gloss><q>grey</q> → <q>donkey</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(in particular, in <name>Lafontaine</name>)</note></mentioned> and
            <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
            <w>grauwtje</w>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q>, lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <q>grey</q> is also recognizable in
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>khara-vaṛna-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey-coloured</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><author>Lüders</author> (<title>Textilien im alten Turkistan</title>.
              <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>p. 35</biblScope>)</bibl> translates <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">of donkey colour</q>. But it is more natural to assume
          that it is not the colour that was named for the donkey, but the donkey was named for its
          colour, and that <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-vaṛna-</w></mentioned> is in one
          group with such derivates as <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śukra-vaṛna-</w>
            <gloss><q>light-coloured</q> etc.</gloss></mentioned> A direct continuation is<mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
            <w>xər</w>
            <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. Outside Aryan cf. <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>kercap</w>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, where in the first part <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Windekens"/> (<biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> rightfully sees
            <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><w>ker-</w>
            <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The donkey as a domesticated beast of burden
          has been known to Indo-Iranian peoples from deep antiquity (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>I 270</biblScope></bibl>). This also concerns the distant ancestors of the
          Ossetians. The frequent mentions of the donkey in the Nart epics (see quotations above) is
          not accidental. They also knew about the wild donkey. In his description of Chersonesus
            <name>Strabo</name> among other things reports that: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Stags and wild boars are hunted in the marshes, and wild asses (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ὀνάγρων</w></mentioned>) and roes in the plains</q><note type="footnote">Translation: <bibl>
              <title>The Geography of Strabo</title>. <note type="comment">Literally translated,
                with notes, in three volumes</note>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>. <publisher>George
                Bell &amp; Sons</publisher>. <date>1903</date></bibl>. Text quoted from the Perseus
            Digital Library (<ref type="url" target="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu">https://www.perseus.tufts.edu</ref>).</note> (<bibl><author>Strabo</author>
            <biblScope>VII 4 8</biblScope></bibl>). — On the use of the word <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">donkey</q> in the sense of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">support</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">buttress</q> etc. see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axxæræg"><w>axxæræg</w>
            <gloss><q>main ceiling beam</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ag-xæræg</w></mentioned>
          <note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"><w>ag</w>
              <gloss><q>cauldron</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
          <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beam to which the cauldron is
            attached</q></gloss>
          <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
              <biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. To the material provided therein we can add
            <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang>Georgian</lang>
            <note type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
            <w>xiraga</w>
            <gloss><q>wooden saddle for a donkey</q>, also <q>trestles used when shoeing
              oxen</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Axvlediani</author>
                <title>Sbornik</title>
                <biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
            <w>xərək</w>
            <gloss><q>bridge of string instruments</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Ujgursko-russkij slovarʼ</title> [Uyghur-Russian
                dictionary] <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>p.
                  421</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Also see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærgæfs"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 47, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>28, 48, 57, 188</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>