<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xūdyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xūdyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d606e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xūdyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xūdt</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xodun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xudt</orth></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d606e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>смеяться</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>laugh</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>насмехаться</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>mock</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>осмеивать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>ridicule</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>осуждать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>judge</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>смех</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>laugh</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>mīdbylty xūdyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">улыбаться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">smile</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>mæ zærdæ jyl xūdy</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я его
                осуждаю</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I judge him</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zærdæxūdt fæwyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оказаться заслуживающим осуждения, упрека</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be deserving of condemnation</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>fæxūdænt</oRef> myl qaltæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть щеголи посмеются надо мной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let the dandies laugh at me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>baxūdt</oRef> jæ midbylty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он улыбнулся</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he smiled</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card sæm jæ mīdbylty
              <oRef>xūdt</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жизнь им улыбалась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the life smiled at them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xūdgæ</oRef> myl ma fækæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не смейся надо мной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not laugh at me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xūdgæ</oRef> jæxī ævdīsy, zærdæ saw ū
              mīdægæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он показывает себя смеющимся (добродушным), (а)
                сердце внутри черное</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he shows himself laughing (good-natured) and
                the heart inside is black</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg xæræg˳yl ysbadtī sqummæ æmæ īw cyd
              k˳y akodta, wæd yl īwyldær <oRef>xūdtysty</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сел на осла задом наперед — и, когда
                проехался один раз, все над ним смеялись</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg sat on the donkey backwards — and when
                he rode once, everyone laughed at him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xūry ḱyzg æm rawadīs
                <oRef>xūdgæ</oRef>-<oRef>xūdgæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дочь Солнца выбежала к нему смеясь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the daughter of the Sun ran out to him
                laughing</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ syǧzærīn syrx Alardy, qazgæjæ næm ærcæwy
              æn, xūdgæjæ næ nywwaʒʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наш золотой красный Аларды, он придет к нам
                играючи, оставит нас смеющимися</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our golden red Alardy, he will come to us
                playfully, leave us laughing</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из гимна божеству
                оспы Аларды</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from a hymn to the smallpox deity
                Alardy</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Guʒunabæl... <oRef>nixxoduncæ</oRef>
              kʼælkʼælæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они хохочут над Гудзуна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they laugh at Guʒuna</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæn dær fænduj wæ xæccæ fæǧǧazun,
                <oRef>fæxxodun</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и мне хочется с вами поиграть, посмеяться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and I want to play with you, laugh</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>13<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">15—16</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ zærdæ in makæd fæxxodun kænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никогда не навлекай на себя его упрека</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">never incur his reproach</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>1937 I 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ ǧær æma sæ xodun idardmæ iǧustæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их крик и смех далеко разносился</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their screams and laughter carried far away</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>II 5</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В иранских языках широко представлена база <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xand-</w>
            <gloss><q>смеяться</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xandīdan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>хапdаɣ</w>, <w>kandag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>xand-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>xand-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xand-</w> (<w>ɣnt-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xandəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>kānd-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>xond</w></mentioned> и др. Понятен соблазн включить осетинский глагол в эту же
          группу. Однако на этом пути встают серьезные фонетические трудности: отсутствие в
          осетинском <c>-n-</c>, разное качество гласных.<note type="footnote">Только <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>xod-</w>
              <gloss><q>смеяться</q></gloss></mentioned> кажется совсем близким к осетинскому. Но
            эта близость иллюзорная. Анализ спрягаемых форм показывает, что и здесь носовой
            согласный в прошлом был (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
              <biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 73</biblScope>)</bibl> решился все-таки, хотя и без уверенности, сблизить
            <oRef>xūdyn</oRef> с <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xandīdan</w></mentioned> и, далее, с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>svad-</w></mentioned>. Позднее (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>) он снабдил глагол <oRef>xūdyn</oRef> пометой:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Etymologie fehlt</q></quote>.
              <bibl><author>Hübschmann</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
            <biblScope> 69</biblScope>)</bibl> также под вопросом привлекает <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>svad-</w>
            <gloss><q>испытывать удовольствие</q>, <q>вкушать</q></gloss></mentioned> (этот глагол
          ясно распознается в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axodyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">axodyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">axwadun</w>
            <gloss><q>отведывать</q></gloss></ref>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch">Gershevitch</ref>
            <biblScope>(§1114, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Addenda</hi>)</biblScope></bibl>,
          подчеркивая значение <gloss><q>насмехаться</q></gloss> в <lang>ос.</lang>
          <oRef>xūdyn</oRef>, привлекает базу
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230409T105850+0300" comment="?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xod-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, которая выделяется в
            <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang>согд. хр.</lang>
            <phr><w>pcxwd</w>
              <w>ywny</w></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">противного вида</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
              <w>pacxwδ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
              <w>prxwt</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>оскорбляет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>parxudan</w>
            <gloss><q>насмешка</q>, <q>издевка</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI">AI</ref>
                <biblScope>XIV 490<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">808</hi></biblScope></bibl>. —
                <bibl>Магу <author>Boyce</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
                <biblScope>IXa 73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же, в этом случае,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>nikuhīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>упрекать</q>, <q>порицать</q>, <q>осуждать</q></gloss>, <w>nikuhīda</w>
            <gloss><q>достойный осуждения</q>, <q>неблаговидный</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdīnag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <w>xūdīnag</w></ref>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>kuditi</w>
            <gloss><q>порицать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>про-кудитъ</w>
            <gloss><q>подшутить</q>, <q>сыграть злую шутку</q></gloss>, <w>окудник</w>
            <gloss><q>шутник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κυδάζω</w>
            <gloss><q>браню</q>, <q>порицаю</q></gloss>, <w>κυδαγχόμενα</w>
            <gloss><q>достойное порицания</q></gloss></mentioned>. Индоевропейская база — <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kud-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>595</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Lewy</author>
              (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LII 310</biblScope>)</bibl> сближал <lang>oc.</lang>
          <w>xūdyn</w> с <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>šiditi</w>
            <gloss><q>поносить</q>, <q>насмехаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>szyd</w>
            <gloss><q>насмешка</q>, <q>издевка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Эта этимология совместима с
          вышеприведенной. Придется только допустить, что индоевропейский прототип имел два варианта
          — <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kud-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱud-</w></mentioned>, что в принципе вполне возможно. — Имея в виду семантику
          осетинского глагола в полном ее объеме, следует думать, быть может, о контаминации обеих
          иранских баз, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xand-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xud-</w></mentioned>. Обращает на себя внимание форма прош. причастия
            <oRef>xūdt</oRef>. Из <w type="rec">xudta-</w> ожидали бы <w type="rec">x˳yst</w>; ср.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysmūdyn"><w>ysmūdyn</w> : <w>ysmyst</w>
            <gloss><q>нюхать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnūdyn"><w>xsnūdyn</w> : <w>xsnyst</w>
            <gloss><q>сучить</q></gloss></ref>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdag"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæxūdt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdynʒast"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyzmæl"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xand-</w>
            <gloss><q>laugh</q></gloss></mentioned> is widely represented in Iranian languages:
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xandīdan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>хапdаɣ</w>, <w>kandag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>xand-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>xand-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xand-</w> (<w>ɣnt-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xandəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>kānd-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>xond</w></mentioned> etc. The temptation to include the Ossetian verb in the same
          group is understandable. However, serious phonetic difficulties arise on this path: the
          absence of <c>-n-</c> in Ossetic, the different quality of vowels.<note type="footnote">Only <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>xod-</w>
              <gloss><q>laugh</q></gloss></mentioned> seems very close to the Ossetic. But this
            closeness is illusory. An analysis of conjugated forms shows that here, too, the nasal
            consonant was in the past (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
              <biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 73</biblScope>)</bibl> nevertheless decided, although without certainty,
          to bring <oRef>xūdyn</oRef> closer to <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xandīdan</w></mentioned> and further to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>svad-</w></mentioned>. Later (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>) he marked the verb <oRef>xūdyn</oRef>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Etymologie fehlt</q></quote>.
              <bibl><author>Hübschmann</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
            <biblScope> 69</biblScope>)</bibl> also mentions <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>svad-</w>
            <gloss><q>enjoy</q>, <q>eat</q></gloss></mentioned> questionably (this verb is clearly
          attested in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axodyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">axodyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">axwadun</w>
            <gloss><q>taste</q></gloss></ref>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch">Gershevitch</ref>
            <biblScope>(§1114, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Addenda</hi>)</biblScope></bibl>,
          emphasizing the meaning <gloss><q>mock</q></gloss> in <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <oRef>xūdyn</oRef>, mentions the stem
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230409T105850+0300" comment="?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xod-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, which is found in <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang/>
            <phr><w>pcxwd</w>
              <w>ywny</w></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">nasty looking</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
              <w>pacxwδ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
              <w>prxwt</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>insults</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>parxudan</w>
            <gloss><q>mockery</q>, <q>cruel joke</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI">AI</ref>
                <biblScope>XIV 490<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">808</hi></biblScope></bibl>. —
                <bibl>Магу <author>Boyce</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
                <biblScope>IXa 73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Also here in this case
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>nikuhīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>blame</q>, <q>judge</q>, <q>condemn</q></gloss>, <w>nikuhīda</w>
            <gloss><q>reprehensible</q>, <q>unplausible</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdīnag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <w>xūdīnag</w></ref>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>kuditi</w>
            <gloss><q>judge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>pro-kudit’</w>
            <gloss><q>mock</q>, <q>play a cruel joke</q></gloss>, <w>okudnik</w>
            <gloss><q>joker</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κυδάζω</w>
            <gloss><q>I reproach</q>, <q>I judge</q></gloss>, <w>κυδαγχόμενα</w>
            <gloss><q>reprehensible</q></gloss></mentioned>. Indo-European stem — <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kud-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>595</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Lewy</author>
              (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LII 310</biblScope>)</bibl> brings <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <w>xūdyn</w> with <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>šiditi</w>
            <gloss><q>abuse</q>, <q>mock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>szyd</w>
            <gloss><q>mockery</q>, <q>mickey</q></gloss></mentioned>. This etymology is compatible
          with the above. We will only have to admit that the Indo-European prototype had two
          options — <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kud-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱud-</w></mentioned>, which is in principle quite possible. — Bearing
          in mind the semantics of the Ossetic verb in its entirety, one should perhaps think about
          the contamination of both Iranian bases, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xand-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xud-</w></mentioned>.
          Attention is drawn to the form of the past participle <oRef>xūdt</oRef>. From <w type="rec">xudta-</w> one would expect <w type="rec">x˳yst</w>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ysmūdyn"><w>ysmūdyn</w> : <w>ysmyst</w>
            <gloss><q>sniff</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnūdyn"><w>xsnūdyn</w> : <w>xsnyst</w>
            <gloss><q>twist</q></gloss></ref>. — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdag"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæxūdt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdynʒast"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyzmæl"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>