<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nwar</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_nwar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5146e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nwar</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d5146e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>nawær</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5146e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5146e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>жила</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>vein</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5146e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сухожилие</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tendon</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d5146e92">
          <form xml:id="form_d5146e94" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nwarǵyn</orth></form>
          <form xml:id="form_d5146e97" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>nawærgin</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5146e100"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жилистый</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">veiny</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5146e113">
          <example xml:id="example_d5146e115">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tuǧan… asaulty xīstæry kardæj rarīwyǧta æmæ
              jyn je sḱīly <oRef>nwærttæ</oRef> swaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Туган полоснул шашкой старшего есаула и рассек
                ему сухожилия над пяткой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tugan slashed the senior captain with a saber
                and cut his tendons over the heel</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5146e140">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ bwary <oRef>nwærttyl</oRef> ratūl-batūl
              kæny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один волк катается на спине (<q>на жилах
                  спины</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220713T192006+0300" comment="я правильно понял смысл русского перевода?"?>only<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                wolf rides on his back (<q>on the veins of his back</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5146e172">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj wydī Xanǵeri, kʼæsx˳yr fælæ
                <oRef>nwarǵyn</oRef> lappūlæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то был Ханджери, худощавый, но жилистый молодой
                человек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that was Khanjeri, a thin but wiry young
                man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1961 I 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e509" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e201" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">snāvar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e515" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e207" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">snēwṛ-</w> (<w type="rec">snōwṛ-</w>)</mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e525" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e217" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>sᶿnāw</w> (<w>snʼw</w>)
              <gloss><q>жила</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нерв</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e538" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e230" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>snāvarᶿ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e543" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e235" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>snāvan-</w>
            <gloss><q>связка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жила</q></gloss></mentioned> (но <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e555" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e247" xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
            <w>ṇhāru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e560" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e252" xml:lang="pi"><lang/>
            <w>nahāru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e565" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e257" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
            <w>nahar</w><note type="bibl">: <bibl><author>Turner</author>. <title>Nepali
                  Dictionary</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>,
                <biblScope>1931</biblScope></bibl>, s.v.</note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e581" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e273" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>ṣñor</w>, мн. ч. <w>ṣñaura</w>
            <gloss><q>жила</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сухожилие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e594" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e286" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>snuor</w>
            <gloss><q>связка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шнур</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e605" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e297" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Schnur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e611" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e303" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>nervus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e616" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e308" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>νεῦρον</w>
            <gloss><q>жила</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нерв</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">В одной из персепольских табличек упоминается какая-то рабочая
            профессия, название которой в эламской передаче звучит <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e629" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e321" xml:lang="elx"><w>nu-mar-ka-ra</w></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi> в
            виде догадки расшифровывает ето название как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e635" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e327" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>nāvar-kara-</w></mentioned>, полагая, что <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e640" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e332" xml:lang="ira"><w>nāvar-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e509" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e335" xml:lang="ira"><w>snāvar-</w></mentioned> (с
            утерей начального <c>s</c>, как в осетинском) и что речь идет о рабочем, изготовлявшем
            веревки (<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author> apud <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cameron</hi>. <title>New tablets from the Persepolis Treasury</title>.
                <title>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</title>
              <date>1965</date>
              <biblScope>XXIV 174</biblScope></bibl>). Однако значение <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">веревка</q> для <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e643" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e358" xml:lang="ira"><w>snāvar-</w></mentioned> не документируется, и если <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e669" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e361" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">(s)nāvar-kara-</w></mentioned> действительно существовало, оно могло
            означать только <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">мастер, изготовляющий тетивы</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bowstringmaker</q>).</note> — Следует отметить, что в
          основах на <c>r</c> || <c>n</c> осетинский (как и согдийский: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 940</biblScope></bibl>) утрачивает конечные <c>r</c> || <c>n</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">mad</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">madæ</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e704" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e396" xml:lang="oos"><w>mātar-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fidæ</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e714" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e406" xml:lang="oos"><w>pitar-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e720" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e412" xml:lang="oos"><w>čašman-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrs"/> из
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e725" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e417" xml:lang="oos"><w>vṛsšan-</w></mentioned> и т. п. От <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e643" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e420" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">snāvar-</w></mentioned> ожидали бы <w type="rec">naw(æ)</w>, а не <oRef>nawær</oRef>: ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e738" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e430" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>sᶿnāw</w></mentioned>. Поэтому для осетинского
          правильнее исходить не из основы на <c>-r-</c>, а из вторичной основы на <c>-а-</c>:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e747" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e439" xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">snāvara-</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e751" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e443" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>a-snavira-</w>
            <gloss><q>без жил</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Отношение и. <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-wa-</c> д. <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-awæ-</c> закономерно; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bwar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">bwar</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">bawær</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">swar</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwan</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cawæn</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>375</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>24, 32</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Бенвенист</author>.
              <title>Индоевропейское именное словообразование</title>. <pubPlace>M.</pubPlace>,
              <date>1955</date>, <biblScope>стр. 45, 140</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e201" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e509" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">snāvar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e207" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e515" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">snēwṛ-</w> (<w type="rec">snōwṛ-</w>)</mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e217" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e525" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>sᶿnāw</w> (<w>snʼw</w>)
              <gloss><q>vein</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nerve</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e230" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e538" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>snāvarᶿ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e235" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e543" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>snāvan-</w>
            <gloss><q>ligament</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vein</q></gloss></mentioned> (but <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e247" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e555" xml:lang="pra"><lang/>
            <w>ṇhāru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e252" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e560" xml:lang="pi"><lang/>
            <w>nahāru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e257" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e565" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
            <w>nahar</w><note type="bibl">: <bibl><author>Turner</author>. <title>Nepali
                  Dictionary</title>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>,
                <biblScope>1931</biblScope></bibl>, s.v.</note></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e273" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e581" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>ṣñor</w>, plur. <w>ṣñaura</w>
            <gloss><q>vein</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tendon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e594" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>snuor</w>
            <gloss><q>ligament</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cord</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e297" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e605" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Schnur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e303" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e611" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>nervus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e308" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e616" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>νεῦρον</w>
            <gloss><q>vein</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nerve</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">One of the Persepolis tablets mentions some kind of working profession,
            the name of which sounds as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e321" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e629" xml:lang="elx"><w>nu-mar-ka-ra</w></mentioned> in
            the Elamite transcription. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi> deciphers
            this name (as a guess) as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e635" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>nāvar-kara-</w></mentioned>, assuming that <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e332" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e640" xml:lang="ira"><w>nāvar-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e201" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e643" xml:lang="ira"><w>snāvar-</w></mentioned>
            (with loss of the initial <c>s</c> as in Ossetic) and that it is about a worker who made
            ropes (<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author> apud <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cameron</hi>. <title>New tablets from the Persepolis Treasury</title>.
                <title>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</title>
              <date>1965</date>
              <biblScope>XXIV 174</biblScope></bibl>). However, the meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rope</q> for <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e666" xml:lang="ira"><w>snāvar-</w></mentioned> is not documented, and if <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e361" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e669" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">(s)nāvar-kara-</w></mentioned> really existed, it could only mean <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">master making strings</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bowstringmaker</q>).</note> — It should be noted that
          Ossetic stems with <c>r</c> || <c>n</c> (as well as Sogdian: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 940</biblScope></bibl>) lose the final <c>r</c> || <c>n</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">mad</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">madæ</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e396" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e704" xml:lang="oos"><w>mātar-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fidæ</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e406" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e714" xml:lang="oos"><w>pitar-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e412" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e720" xml:lang="oos"><w>čašman-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrs"/> from
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e417" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e725" xml:lang="oos"><w>vṛsšan-</w></mentioned> etc. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e728" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">snāvar-</w></mentioned> would give rise to <w type="rec">naw(æ)</w> and not
            <oRef>nawær</oRef>: cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e430" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e738" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>sᶿnāw</w></mentioned>. Therefore, for Ossetic,
          it is more correct to reconstruct not the <c>-r-</c>forms but secondary forms with
            <c>-a-</c>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e439" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e747" xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">snāvara-</w></mentioned>, cf.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5146e443" xml:id="mentioned_d5146e751" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>a-snavira-</w>
            <gloss><q>without veins</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The relation between Iron <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-wa-</c> and Digor <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-awæ-</c> is regular;
          cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bwar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">bwar</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">bawær</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">swar</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwan</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cawæn</w></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>375</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>24, 32</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>.
              <title>Indo-European nominal inflection</title> (Russian translation).
              <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1955</date>, <biblScope>pp. 45,
            140</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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