<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4794e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyn</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zin</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4794e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>трудный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>difficult</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>тяжелый</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hard</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>трудность</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>difficulty</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>difficilis</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>difficilis</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>difficultas</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>difficultas</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncon"><w>æncon</w>
            <gloss><q>facilis</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; antonym <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncon"><w>æncon</w>
            <gloss><q>facilis</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynæj</orth><form type="variant"><orth>zyn<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T142157+0300" comment="у Абаева zynʼtæj, опечатка скорее всего" flag="done"?>t<?oxy_comment_end ?>æj</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с трудом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with difficulties</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynarǧ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дорогой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">expensive</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynvadat</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">трудный по условиям</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T105322+0300" comment="трудный по условиям"?>difficult
                  (conditions<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>труднодоступный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>hard to reach</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>труднопроходимый</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>impassable</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и т. п. (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/>)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> etc. (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/>)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynʒyrd</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">несговорчивый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">uncooperative</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynærvæsson</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">надменный</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arrogant</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>чванный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>snobbish</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>брезгливый</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>squeamish</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zynūdīsæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тяжелая, затяжная агония</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">severe, prolonged agony</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">isk˳y dyn <oRef>zyn</oRef> k˳y wa, wæd īw
              ærymys, dæ warzonæj ḱī basyǧd, ūj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если тебе когда-нибудь будет трудно, вспомни
                того, кто сгорел от любви к тебе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if it ever gets difficult for you, remember the
                one who burned out of love for you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræ <oRef>zyntæ</oRef> ʽmæ fydæbættæ
              bavzærston mæ cærænbonty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">много тягот и мук испытал я на своем веку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I experienced many hardships and torments in my
                lifetime</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd <oRef>zyn</oRef> ū cærgæsæn, k˳y væjjync
              jæ bazyrtæ bast</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как трудно орлу, когда у него связаны
                крылья</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T105811+0300" comment="? или it is so difficult"?>how
                difficult it is<?oxy_comment_end ?> for an eagle when its wings are tied</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Антология_поэзии"/>
              <biblScope>I 392</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zyny</oRef> īw k˳y baxawdysty. wæd īw
              ʒwary dær felǧystoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда они попадали в трудное (положение), то и
                божество ругали</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when they got into a difficult situation, they
                even scolded the deity</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzg bambærsta, <oRef>zynvadaty</oRef> kæj
              baxawdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушка поняла, что попала в трудное
                положение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl realized that she got in a difficult
                situation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 102</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ræstæǵy kʼaxvændægtæ <oRef>zynvadat</oRef>
              wydysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в мое время тропы были труднопроходимы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in my time the paths were difficult to pass</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 II 33</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma ʒoræ <oRef>zin</oRef> cʼuxæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не говори неприятные речи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not say unpleasant things</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ci <oRef>zin</oRef> æj, ci, sili xæccæ
              ʒorun!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как трудно говорить с женщиной!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how difficult it is to talk to a woman!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>zin</oRef> toxæj, de xsaræj skodtaj
              alli bæsti æd nifs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твоей трудной борьбой, твоей доблестью ты
                вселил мужество во всю страну</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with your struggle, your valour you inspired
                courage in the whole country</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230402T162740+0300" comment="это же то же самое что и Тайм. Уарзт?" id="gvb_m4q_byb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T142216+0300" parentID="gvb_m4q_byb" comment="скорее всего" flag="done" mid="4"?><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?>
              <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">žīn-</w>
            <gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тягостный</q></gloss></mentioned>, которое
          распознается в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>wāžīnt</w>
            <note type="comment">(<w>wʼžynt</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">aussi gravement</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">столь тягостно</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                <biblScope>274</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
                <biblScope>1955, стр. 301</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <phr>wa zyntæj</phr></mentioned>. В дальнейшем ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zyā-</w>
            <gloss><q>вредить</q></gloss></mentioned>, по семантике особенно <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰyā-</w>, <w>ǰiyate</w>
            <gloss><q>быть угнетаемым</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang>Груз.</lang>
            <w>ʒn-eli</w>
            <gloss><q>трудный</q></gloss></mentioned> примыкает к осетинскому (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
            <biblScope>62, 72, 75, 125–126</biblScope></bibl>). — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynæxsæn"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Centr. As. Journ.</title>
            <biblScope>1962 VII <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 90<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">37</hi></biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Comes close to <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">žīn-</w>
            <gloss><q>difficult</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>painful</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is
          recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>wāžīnt</w>
            <note type="comment">(<w>wʼžynt</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">aussi gravement</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">so painful</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                <biblScope>274</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
                <biblScope>1955, p. 301</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <phr>wa zyntæj</phr></mentioned>. Further cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zyā-</w>
            <gloss><q>harm</q></gloss></mentioned>, by semantics especially <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰyā-</w>, <w>ǰiyate</w>
            <gloss><q>be oppressed</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>ʒn-eli</w>
            <gloss><q>difficult</q></gloss></mentioned> is adjacent to Ossetic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
            <biblScope>62, 72, 75, 125–126</biblScope></bibl>). — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynæxsæn"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Centr. As. Journ.</title>
            <biblScope>1962 VII <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 90<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">37</hi></biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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