<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tawyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tawyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T161217+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5102e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tawyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>tyd</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>itawun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>itud</orth></form></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5102e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сеять</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to sow</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>рассыпать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to scatter</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>разбрасывать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to squander</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tawæg</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>itawæg</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сеятель</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sower</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tawīnag</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>itawujnag</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">семена на посев</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seeds for sowing</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>bajtawyn</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">посеять</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to sow</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xūrtwan</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xoritawæn</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зерно, рассыпанное па солнце (<w>xūr</w> |
                    <w>xor</w>) для просушки</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grain scattered in the sun (<w>xūr</w> |
                    <w>xor</w>) to dry</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>расстилать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to sprawl</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>развешивать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to hang</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>ærytawyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>rajtawyn</orth></form></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разостлать</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to roll out</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cardysty ’mæ wydysty læg æmæ ūs; læg
                <oRef>bajtydta</oRef> jæw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жили-были муж и жена; муж посеял просо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once upon a time there lived a husband and
                wife; the husband sowed millet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 259</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæ racyd tawæg <oRef>tawynmæ</oRef>; æmæ
              k˳y <oRef>tydta</oRef>, wæd īwæj-īw næmyg ærxawdī fændaggæron</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вот вышел сеятель сеять; и когда он сеял, иное
                упало при дороге</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now a sower went out to sow, and while he was
                sowing, some fell by the way</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope>13 3—4</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tawīnag næ x˳ymy… ʒag armæj wæd zargæ
                <oRef>bajtawʒynæn</oRef> æz</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">семена на нашем поле полной горстью и с песней
                посею я</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will sow the seeds in our field with a full
                handful and with a song</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>70—71</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳y <oRef>bajtydtoj</oRef> æmæ k˳y
              balastoj…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда они посеяли и заборонили…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when they sowed and plowed...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 179</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dymgæ… mīǧty <oRef>tawy</oRef> ’mæ
              tæry</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер рассеивает и гонит тучи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind disperses and drives away the
                clouds</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæg˳yr ūs k’˳ymbīltæ <oRef>tawy</oRef>: næ
              jyn kænync xūs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бедная женщина разбрасывает шерсть: она у нее
                не высыхает</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the poor woman scatters her wool: it doesn't
                dry out</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wacilla! ke <oRef>bajtawæn</oRef>, oj nin
              særægasæj baxwærun kænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о Уацилла! что мы посеем, то дай нам вкусить в
                добром здравии</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh Wacilla! what we sow, let us eat in good
                health</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>itawæn</oRef> muggag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы сеем семена</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we sow the seeds</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>I 60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ravzarʒinan æma skæʒos kænʒinan
                <oRef>itawunæn</oRef> muggag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отберем и очистим семена на посев</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we will select and clean the seeds for
                sowing</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>II 40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xumæ kond ku fæcæj, wædta avd anzi ci xwar
              læwdtæj ævardæj wæjgutæmæ, eci xwar sin æ xumi <oRef>bajtudta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда он кончил пахать, то зерно, которое у
                великанов стояло отложенное семь лет, он посеял на своем поле</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when he had finished plowing, the grain that
                the giants had set aside for seven years, he sowed in his field</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>7</biblScope><hi>₁₅₋₁₆</hi></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">walʒygon kærdægyl gawyz
                <oRef>ærytydtoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на весенней траве они разостлали ковер</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the spring grass they rolled out a
                carpet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">amond syn gawyztæ fændagyl
              <oRef>tawy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">счастье устилает их путь коврами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">happiness rolls up their way in carpets</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
              <biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū jæ nymæt næwwyl
              <oRef>ærytydta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша разостлал свою бурку на траве</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man rolled out his burka on the
                grass</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>V 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræ adæm sæ daræs fændgyl
                <oRef>ærytydtoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">множество же народа постилали свои одежды по
                дороге</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and a multitude of people strewed their clothes
                on the road</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope>21 8</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Biaslantæ <oRef>ærytydtoj</oRef> sæ nymættæ
              ænæ lamaz kænyn rajdydtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Биаслановы разостлали свои бурки и стали
                совершать намаз</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Biaslanovs strewn their burkas and began to
                perform namaz</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 245</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">batyg˳yr sty næwwyl <oRef>tyd</oRef> nymæty
              alyvars</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они сгрудились вокруг разостланной на траве
                бурки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they huddled around a burka rolled out on the
                grass</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælasi awwon c’æx zældi astæw
                <oRef>æritawancæ</oRef> sæ ors nimættæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под тенью дерева средь зеленой травы они
                расстилают свои белые бурки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">under the shade of a tree in the green grass
                they spread out their white burkas</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope><hi>₂₂₄₋₂₂₅</hi></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xwasʒaw cid dæræni fælmænæj æxecæn paraxat
              listæn ærkænidæ, æ gebenaj zærond ibæl <oRef>æritawidæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">косарь из мягкой кучи сена устраивает себе
                роскошное ложе, расстилает на нем свою старенькую накидку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the reaper makes a luxurious bed out of a soft
                pile of hay and spreads out his old cloak on it.</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
              <biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вс. <name>Миллер</name> возводил к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>*vi-tāvayāmi</w> (кауз.) <gloss><q>усиливаю</q>, <q>укрепляю</q></gloss></mentioned>
          и сближал с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tavīti</w>
            <gloss><q>имеет силу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tavas</w>
            <gloss><q>мощный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>tav-</w>
            <gloss><q>быть в силах</q></gloss></mentioned>. С семантической стороны это не очень
          убедительно. <name>Bailey</name>, возводя <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tawyn</oRef> : <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tyd</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itawun</oRef> : <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itud</oRef> к
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153327+0300" comment="NB: mentioned! (иран.?)"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-tav-</w> : <w type="rec">vi-tuta-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, объединяет этот глагол с несколькими другими
          словами, содержащими ту же базу
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153414+0300" comment="а вот здесь непонятно какой язык. видимо, &quot;общеосетинская&quot; реконструкция (т.к. w, а не v)"?><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">taw-</w>, <w type="rec">tu-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w> : <w>æftyd</w>
            <gloss><q>накидывать</q>, <q>прибавлять</q> и пр.</gloss></ref> (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>); <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>æftujun</w>
            <gloss><q>прибавляться</q> и пр.</gloss></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w> : <w>rætyd</w>
            <gloss><q>стегать (одеяло и т. п.)</q>, <q>прошивать</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fra-tav-</w></mentioned> (из <bibl><title>ИЭС</title>
            <biblScope>II 381—382</biblScope></bibl>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn"><lang/>
            <w>æntawun</w> : <w>æntud</w>
            <gloss><q>сгребать сено</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-tav-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tawnæg"><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>tawnæg</w>
              <gloss><q>высидка цыплят курицей</q></gloss></mentioned></ref>. Сюда можно было бы
          присоединить <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153908+0300" comment="номер омонима (если не проставляется автоматически) надо ставить спец. символом юникода, а не суперскриптом"?>²<?oxy_comment_end ?><w>stawyn</w>
            : <w>styd</w>
            <gloss><q>помешивать (в котле и т. п.)</q></gloss></ref>, если из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-tav-</w></mentioned>, и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæltaw"><w>fæltaw</w>
            <gloss><q>лучше бы</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pari-tava-</w></mentioned>? <name>Bailey</name> привлекает <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>wt’wny</w></mentioned>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T154640+0300" comment="NB: note с отдельным mentioned!"?><note type="comment">← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vitāvana-</w></mentioned></note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <gloss><q>расстояние полета стрелы</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(из парф.)</note>
            <w>vt’avan</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vt’auak’</w>
            <gloss><q>нижнее белье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vt’auat’</w>
            <gloss><q>вуаль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>tturaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>чехол для лука</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ttaura-</w>
            <gloss><q>стена</q></gloss></mentioned> и некоторые другие иранские факты. Чтобы
          включить приведенные выше осетинские слога в одно этимологическое гнездо, нужны два
          условия: 1) надо найти общий для них семантический стержень, 2) надо объяснить, почему ни
          в одном случае не имело места озвончение <c>t</c> → <c>d</c> в положении между сонорными
          (гласными и сонантами). Последнее условие очень важно. Озвончение глухих смычных в данной
          позиции является в осетинском правилом (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§§ 22, 207</biblScope><hi>₃</hi></bibl>), тогда как сохранение глухости —
          редким исключением (например, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf"><w>æntæf</w>
            <gloss><q>жара</q></gloss></ref>, но <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændavyn"><w>ændavyn</w>
            <gloss><q>греть</q></gloss></ref>). <name>Bailey</name> восстанавливает индоиранскую
          базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tav-</w> : <w type="rec">tu-</w> со значением
                <gloss><q>накладывать</q>, <q>обкладывать</q> и т. п</gloss></mentioned>. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang>Ос.</lang>
            <w>rætawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>стегать</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><w>stawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>мешать (в котле)</q></gloss></ref> с трудом подводятся под эту семантику. К
          тому же остается непонятной стойкая глухость <c>t</c> в самых, казалось бы, благоприятных
          для озвончения позициях. По этой же причине приходится отнестись с осторожностью к
          соблазнительной близости к осетинскому некоторых шугнанских слов, которую отмечает
            <name>Карамшоев</name>: <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>tew-</w> : <w>tewd</w>
            <gloss><q>подбрасывать</q>, <q>подсыпа́ть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>pitêw-</w> : <w>pitêwd</w>
            <gloss><q>бросать</q>, <q>набрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Судя по основе прош.
          времени (<w>tewd</w>, а не <w>tud</w>) эти глаголы предполагают базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tab-</w> или <w type="rec">tap-</w></mentioned>, а не
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taw-</w></mentioned>, и сближаются с <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>partāftan</w> : <w>partāb-</w>
            <gloss><q>бросать</q>, <q>кидать</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Возможна еще одна
          интерпретация осетинских глаголов с базой <w>taw-</w>. Мы исходим из объединяющего
          значения <gloss><q>бросать</q>, <q>метать</q></gloss> и выделяем базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θraw-</w></mentioned> с этим значением. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>θrav-</w>
            <gloss><q>набрасывать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>802</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Reichelt</author>
                <title>Awestisches Elementarbuch</title>. Heidelberg, <date>1909</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 101, § 202</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Стало быть:
            <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tawyn</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itawun</oRef>
          <gloss><q>сеять</q>, <q>разбрасывать</q></gloss> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>накидывать</q> и пр.</gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">abi-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æntawun</w>
            <gloss><q>сгребать сено</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>стегать</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fra-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><w>stawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>мешать (в котле)</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-θrav-</w></mentioned>. Предполагаемое при этом звуковое развитие: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T160309+0300" comment="NB: надо использовать символ θ"?>θ<?oxy_comment_end ?>rav-</w></mentioned>
          дает закономерно <w type="rec">(æ)rtaw-</w> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærtæ"><w>(æ)rtæ</w>
            <gloss><q>три</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θraya-</w></mentioned>); начальное <c>ær-</c> осмысляется как <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>преверб</gloss>
            <m>ær-</m></mentioned>, и происходит переразложение <w>(æ)rtaw-</w> → <w>ær-taw-</w>;
          возникшая новая база <w type="rec">taw-</w> получает самостоятельную жизнь и образует с
          превербами приведенные глаголы.<note type="footnote">Выпадение <c>r</c> из <w>ærtaw-</w>
            было неизбежно и в сочетании с превербом <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>ræ-</m>
              <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>: <w type="rec">rærtaw-</w> →
            <w>rætaw-</w>.</note> Только так можно объяснить сохранение глухого <c>t</c>:
          исторический <c>θ</c> в осетинском не озвончается ни в какой позиции (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fætæn"><w>fætæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"><w>rætæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærtæ"><w>ærtæ</w></ref> и мн. др.).
          Для развития значения <gloss><q>бросать</q> → <q>стегать</q></gloss> ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>метать</w>
            <gloss><q>бросать</q></gloss> и <gloss><q>прошивать крупными
            стежками</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Для <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w>
              <gloss><q>стегать</q></gloss></ref> можно предполагать также индоевропейскую базу
              <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">treu-</w>
              <gloss><q>протыкать</q></gloss></mentioned>, см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
              <biblScope>381—382</biblScope></bibl>.</note> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>θrav-</w>
            <gloss><q>набрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned> не стоит изолированно, если исходить из
          индоевропейской базы <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)treu-</w></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>struo</w>
              <gloss><q>накладывать</q>, <q>громоздить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>straujan</w>
              <gloss><q>сыпать</q></gloss> и пр.</mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1030</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn"><w>æntawyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>29, 65</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS">BSOAS</ref>
            <biblScope>1956 XVIII 32</biblScope>, <biblScope>1960 XXIII 32—34</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Карамшоев</author>. <title>О новых лексических параллелях шугнанского и
              осетинского языков</title>. В сб.: <bibl type="m"><title>Актуальные вопросы иранистики
                и сравнительного индоевропейского языкознания. Тезисы докладов</title>,
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date></bibl>, <biblScope>стр.
            42—43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Ws. <name>Miller</name> derived the word from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>*vi-tāvayāmi</w> (causative) <gloss><q>I strengthen</q>, <q>I
            enhance</q></gloss></mentioned>, and related it to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tavīti</w>
            <gloss><q>has power</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tavas</w>
            <gloss><q>powerful</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>tav-</w>
            <gloss><q>to be in power</q></gloss></mentioned>. Semantically, this is not very
          convincing. <name>Bailey</name>, linking <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tawyn</oRef> : <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tyd</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itawun</oRef> : <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itud</oRef> to
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153327+0300" comment="NB: mentioned! (иран.?)"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-tav-</w> : <w type="rec">vi-tuta-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, connects this verb with several other words
          containing the same base
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153414+0300" comment="а вот здесь непонятно какой язык. видимо, &quot;общеосетинская&quot; реконструкция (т.к. w, а не v)"?><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">taw-</w>, <w type="rec">tu-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w> : <w>æftyd</w>
            <gloss><q>to throw on</q>, <q>to add</q>, etc.</gloss></ref> (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>); <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>æftujun</w>
            <gloss><q>to be added</q>, etc.</gloss></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w> : <w>rætyd</w>
            <gloss><q>to quilt (blanket, etc.)</q>, <q>to stitch</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fra-tav-</w></mentioned> (from <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
            <biblScope>381—382</biblScope></bibl>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>æntawun</w> : <w>æntud</w>
            <gloss><q>to rake hay</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-tav-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tawnæg"><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>tawnæg</w>
              <gloss><q>hatching chickens by a hen</q></gloss></mentioned></ref>. Here we could add
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T153908+0300" comment="номер омонима (если не проставляется автоматически) надо ставить спец. символом юникода, а не суперскриптом"?>²<?oxy_comment_end ?><w>stawyn</w>
            : <w>styd</w>
            <gloss><q>to stir (in a cauldron, etc.)</q></gloss></ref>, if from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-tav-</w></mentioned>, and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæltaw"><w>fæltaw</w>
            <gloss><q>would be better</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pari-tava-</w></mentioned>? <name>Bailey</name> draws <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>wt’wny</w></mentioned>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T154640+0300" comment="NB: note с отдельным mentioned!"?><note type="comment">← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vitāvana-</w></mentioned></note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <gloss><q>distance of flight of an arrow</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(from parth.)</note>
            <w>vt’avan</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vt’auak’</w>
            <gloss><q>underwear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vt’auat’</w>
            <gloss><q>veil</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>tturaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>bow cover</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ttaura-</w>
            <gloss><q>wall</q></gloss></mentioned> and some other Iranian facts. To include the
          above Ossetic syllables in one etymological cluster, we need two conditions: 1) we must
          find a common semantic core for them, and 2) we must explain why in none of the cases the
          voicing <c>t</c> → <c>d</c> in the position between the sonorants (vowels and sonants)
          took place. The last condition is very important. The voicing of mute stops in a given
          position is the rule in Ossetic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§§ 22, 207</biblScope><hi>₃</hi></bibl>), while the preservation of
          voicelessness is a rare exception (e.g., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntæf"><w>æntæf</w>
            <gloss><q>heat</q></gloss></ref>, but <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændavyn"><w>ændavyn</w>
            <gloss><q>tu warm</q></gloss></ref>). <name>Bailey</name> reconstructs the Indo-Iranian
          base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tav-</w> : <w type="rec">tu-</w> with the
            meaning <gloss><q>to overlay</q>, <q>to encase</q>, etc</gloss></mentioned>. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang>Ossetic</lang>
            <w>rætawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to quilt</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><w>stawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to stir (in a cauldron)</q></gloss></ref> hardly fit this semantics. In
          addition, the persistent deafness of <c>t</c> in the positions that seem to be the most
          favourable for voicing remains incomprehensible. For the same reason, we have to treat
          with caution the seductive proximity to the Ossetic of some Shugnan words, noted by
            <name>Karamšoev</name>: <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>tew-</w> : <w>tewd</w>
            <gloss><q>to toss</q>, <q>to sprinkle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>pitêw-</w> : <w>pitêwd</w>
            <gloss><q>to throw</q>, <q>to cast</q></gloss></mentioned>. Judging by the past tense
            (<w>tewd</w>, not <w>tud</w>) these verbs assume the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tab-</w> or <w type="rec">tap-</w></mentioned>, not <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">taw-</w></mentioned>, and are close to <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>partāftan</w> : <w>partāb-</w>
            <gloss><q>to cast</q>, <q>to pelt</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Another interpretation of
          Ossetian verbs with the base <w>taw-</w> is possible. We proceed from the common meaning
              <gloss><q>to throw</q>, <q>to cast</q></gloss> and distinguish the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θraw-</w></mentioned> with this meaning. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>θrav-</w>
            <gloss><q>to cast</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>802</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Reichelt</author>
                <title>Awestisches Elementarbuch</title>. Heidelberg, <date>1909</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 101, § 202</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Thus: <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tawyn</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">itawun</oRef>
          <gloss><q>to sow</q>, <q>so scatter</q></gloss> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to cast</q>, etc.</gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">abi-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æntawun</w>
            <gloss><q>to rake hay</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to quilt</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fra-θrav-</w></mentioned>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stawyn_2"><w>stawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to stir (in a pot)</q></gloss></ref> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-θrav-</w></mentioned>. The sound development assumed here: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230206T160309+0300" comment="NB: надо использовать символ θ"?>θ<?oxy_comment_end ?>rav-</w></mentioned>
          gives legitimately <w type="rec">(æ)rtaw-</w> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærtæ"><w>(æ)rtæ</w>
            <gloss><q>three</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θraya-</w></mentioned>); the initial <c>ær-</c> is understood as the <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>preverb</gloss>
            <m>ær-</m></mentioned>, and there is a rearrangement of <w>(æ)rtaw-</w> →
          <w>ær-taw-</w>; the resulting new base <w type="rec">taw-</w> gets an autonomous
          development and forms the verbs cited with the preverbs.<note type="footnote">The loss of
              <c>r</c> from <w>ærtaw-</w> was also inevitable in combination with the preverb
              <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>ræ-</m>
              <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>: <w type="rec">rærtaw-</w> →
            <w>rætaw-</w>.</note> This is the only way to explain the preservation of the deaf
            <c>t</c>: the historical <c>θ</c> in Ossetic is not voiced in any position (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fætæn"><w>fætæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"><w>rætæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærtæ"><w>ærtæ</w></ref>, etc.). To
          develop the meaning <gloss><q>throw</q> → <q>quilt</q></gloss> cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>metatʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>to cast</q></gloss> and <gloss><q>to stitch with coarse
            stitches</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">For <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w>
              <gloss><q>to quilt</q></gloss></ref> one may also assume the Indo-European base
              <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">treu-</w>
              <gloss><q>to pierce</q></gloss></mentioned>, see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
              <biblScope>381—382</biblScope></bibl>.</note> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>θrav-</w>
            <gloss><q>to cast</q></gloss></mentioned> does not stand apart from the Indo-European
          base <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)treu-</w></mentioned>;
              <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>struo</w>
              <gloss><q>to overlay</q>, <q>to pile up</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>straujan</w>
              <gloss><q>to pour</q></gloss>, etc.</mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1030</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftawyn"><w>æftawyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn"><w>æntawyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætawyn"><w>rætawyn</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>29, 65</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS">BSOAS</ref>
            <biblScope>1956 XVIII 32</biblScope>, <biblScope>1960 XXIII 32—34</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Karamšoev</author>. <title>O novyx leksičeskix paralleljax šugnanskogo i
              osetinskogo jazykov</title> [On new lexical parallels between the Shughni and Ossetic
              languages]. In the volume: <bibl type="m"><title>Aktualʹnye voprosy iranistiki
                i sravnitelʹnogo indoevropejskogo jazykoznanija. Tezisy dokladov</title> [Current Issues of
                Iranian Studies and Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. Abstracts of
                reports], <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date></bibl>,
              <biblScope>pp. 42—43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>