<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kard</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_kard" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d436e66" type="lemma"><orth>kard</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d436e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d436e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>нож</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>knife</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d436e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>сабля</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>sabre</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d436e88"><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(в
                            эпосе)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(in the
                            epics)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>меч</q>
                        </abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(в эпосе)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(in the epics)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>sword</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d436e106">
                    <re xml:id="re_d436e108">
                        <form xml:id="form_d436e110" type="lemma"><orth>xsargard</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d436e113"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>шашка</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>cavalry sword</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d436e124">
                        <form xml:id="form_d436e126" type="lemma"><orth>kærdʒæm</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d436e129"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>ножны</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>sheath</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d436e140">
                        <form xml:id="form_d436e142" type="lemma"><orth>xæskard</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d436e145"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>ножницы</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>scissors</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d436e157">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d436e159">
                        <quote>jæ kard æm radta G˳ymag læg Sozyryqomæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Гумский человек дал свой нож Созруко</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>The man of Gum gave his knife to Sozruko</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d436e178">
                        <quote>sæ kard ū syǧdæg saw qanʒal</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>сабля у них — настоящий черный <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">кандзал</hi> (из высокосортной
                                стали)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>their sabre is a real black <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kandzal</hi> (made of high-quality
                                steel)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d436e197" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Batraz kard islasta ma wæjugæn æ sær rakʼwærdta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Батраз извлек меч и снес у великана голову</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Batraz drew his sword out and cut the giant's head off</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>437</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d436e219">
                        <quote>xastoj bazarmæ wæjmæ alyǧ˳yzon kærdtæ, qamatæ, toppytæ,
                            dambacatæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>несли на базар для продажи всевозможные сабли, кинжалы, ружья,
                                пистолеты</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(some people) carried to the bazaar for sale all sorts of sabers,
                                daggers, guns, pistols</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Иранское слово, усвоенное во многие другие языки: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e488" xml:id="mentioned_d436e241" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kārd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e493" xml:id="mentioned_d436e246" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>kārt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e498" xml:id="mentioned_d436e251" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kērd, kēr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e503" xml:id="mentioned_d436e256" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>kārč</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e508" xml:id="mentioned_d436e261" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>čāra</w></mentioned> (← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kartyā</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>)
                    ‘нож’, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e518" xml:id="mentioned_d436e271" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>čēd</w>
                        <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e526" xml:id="mentioned_d436e279" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>kir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e531" xml:id="mentioned_d436e284" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kēl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e536" xml:id="mentioned_d436e289" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kēra</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e546" xml:id="mentioned_d436e299" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kero</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e551" xml:id="mentioned_d436e304" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>köz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e556" xml:id="mentioned_d436e309" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kart</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e561" xml:id="mentioned_d436e314" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kart(krt-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e566" xml:id="mentioned_d436e319" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>kar-əta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e574" xml:id="mentioned_d436e327" xml:lang="inc-x-old" dialect="inc-x-old-vaidika"><lang/>
                        <w>krti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e585" xml:id="mentioned_d436e336" xml:lang="inc-x-old" dialect="inc-x-old-vaidika"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>кинжал</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e591" xml:id="mentioned_d436e342" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kartari-</w>
                        <gloss><q>охотничий нож</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e599" xml:id="mentioned_d436e350" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>kerte</w>
                        <gloss><q>меч</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XVIII 129</biblScope></bibl>). С
                    давних пор свидетельствуется на славянской и угро-финской почве, куда оно вошло
                    из иранского: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e611" xml:id="mentioned_d436e362" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">коръда</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e616" xml:id="mentioned_d436e368" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
                        <w>кордъ</w>
                        <gloss><q>род меча</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/><biblScope>I 1285</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e629" xml:id="mentioned_d436e381" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
                        <w>kord</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e634" xml:id="mentioned_d436e386" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>kord</w>
                        <gloss><q>шпага</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/><biblScope>569</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e646" xml:id="mentioned_d436e398" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>kard</w>
                        <gloss><q>меч</q></gloss></mentioned> (вероятно, из аланского), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e654" xml:id="mentioned_d436e406" xml:lang="kca" dialect="kca"><lang/>
                        <w>karta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e660" xml:id="mentioned_d436e412" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
                        <w>kort</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e665" xml:id="mentioned_d436e417" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kört</w>
                        <gloss><q>железо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e673" xml:id="mentioned_d436e425" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kerdo</w>
                        <gloss><q>сабля</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e681" xml:id="mentioned_d436e433" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>dukardi</w>
                        <gloss><q>ножницы для стрижки овец</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e689" xml:id="mentioned_d436e441" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>dō-kārd</w></mentioned>). — Иранское слово заключает общеиндоевропейскую
                    глагольную основу <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳ert-</hi> ‘резать’, иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kart-</hi>, которая наличествует в
                    ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdum</hi>. Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærdyn"/>,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærgævdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævgærdun</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævgærdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdʒæm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæskard"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                            50, 78</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>IV
                            380</biblScope></bibl><hi rendition="#rend_bold">!!Munkácsi. KSz. IV 380!!</hi>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>.
                    — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>53, 171,
                            251</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">An Iranian word, which entered many other languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e241" xml:id="mentioned_d436e488" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kārd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e246" xml:id="mentioned_d436e493" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>kārt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e251" xml:id="mentioned_d436e498" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kērd, kēr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e256" xml:id="mentioned_d436e503" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>kārč</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e261" xml:id="mentioned_d436e508" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>čāra</w></mentioned> (← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kartyā</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>)
                    ‘knife’, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e271" xml:id="mentioned_d436e518" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>čēd</w>
                        <gloss><q>khife</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e279" xml:id="mentioned_d436e526" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>kir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e284" xml:id="mentioned_d436e531" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kēl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e289" xml:id="mentioned_d436e536" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kēra</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e299" xml:id="mentioned_d436e546" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kero</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e304" xml:id="mentioned_d436e551" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>köz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e309" xml:id="mentioned_d436e556" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kart</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e314" xml:id="mentioned_d436e561" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kart(krt-)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e319" xml:id="mentioned_d436e566" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>kar-əta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e327" xml:id="mentioned_d436e574" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(Vedic) </note><w>krti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>knife</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e336" xml:id="mentioned_d436e585" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>dagger</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e342" xml:id="mentioned_d436e591" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kartari-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hunting knife</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e350" xml:id="mentioned_d436e599" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>kerte</w>
                        <gloss><q>sword</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XVIII 129</biblScope></bibl>). It
                    has long been attested in the Slavic and Ugro-Finnic context, where it was
                    acquired from Iranian: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e362" xml:id="mentioned_d436e611" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>korъda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e368" xml:id="mentioned_d436e616" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
                        <w>кордъ</w>
                        <gloss><q>the type of sword</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/><biblScope>I 1285</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e381" xml:id="mentioned_d436e629" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
                        <w>kord</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e386" xml:id="mentioned_d436e634" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>kord</w>
                        <gloss><q>rapier</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/><biblScope>569</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e398" xml:id="mentioned_d436e646" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>kard</w>
                        <gloss><q>sword</q></gloss></mentioned> (probably, from Alanian), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e406" xml:id="mentioned_d436e654" xml:lang="kca" dialect="kca"><lang/>
                        <w>karta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e412" xml:id="mentioned_d436e660" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
                        <w>kort</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e417" xml:id="mentioned_d436e665" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kört</w>
                        <gloss><q>iron</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e425" xml:id="mentioned_d436e673" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kerdo</w>
                        <gloss><q>sabre</q></gloss></mentioned>. See also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e433" xml:id="mentioned_d436e681" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>dukardi</w>
                        <gloss><q>sheep shears</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d436e441" xml:id="mentioned_d436e689" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>dō-kārd</w></mentioned>). — The Iranian word contains a common
                    Indo-European verb stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳ert-</hi> ‘to cut’, Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kart-</hi>, which is
                    present in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdum</hi>. See
                    also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærdyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærgævdyn"/> |
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævgærdun</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævgærdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdʒæm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæskard"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 78</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Munkácsi.
                            </author><biblScope>KSz. IV 380</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>.
                    — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>53, 171,
                            251</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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