<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">raz</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_raz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1941e68" type="lemma"><orth>raz</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1941e71" n="1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>перёд</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>front</q>
          </abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (субстантивно)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (n.)</note></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1941e85" n="2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>перед</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>in front of</q>
          </abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (послелог)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (postp.)</note></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razæj"><w>razæj</w>
            <gloss><q>впереди</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>раньше</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razy_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræzty"><w>ræzty</w>
            <gloss><q>перед</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razmæ"><w>razmæ</w>
            <gloss><q>вперед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>навстречу</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>перед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>до</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razzag"><w>razzag</w>
            <gloss><q>передний</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"><w>razdær</w>
            <gloss><q>больше вперед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>раньше</q></gloss></ref>. В первой части
          сложных слов: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdaræn"><w>razdaræn</w>
            <gloss><q>передник</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razʒog"><w>razʒog</w>
            <gloss><q>предводитель</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razamonæg"><w>razamonæg</w>
            <gloss><q>руководитель</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razamynd"><w>razamynd</w>
            <gloss><q>руководство</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razvændag"><w>razvændag</w>
            <gloss><q>путь впереди</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razæj"><w>razæj</w>
            <gloss><q>ahead</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>before</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razy_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræzty"><w>ræzty</w>
            <gloss><q>in front of</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razmæ"><w>razmæ</w>
            <gloss><q>forward</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>towards</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>in front
              of</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>before</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razzag"><w>razzag</w>
            <gloss><q>anterior</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"><w>razdær</w>
            <gloss><q>more forward</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>earlier</q></gloss></ref>. In the first
          part of compound words: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdaræn"><w>razdaræn</w>
            <gloss><q>apron</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razʒog"><w>razʒog</w>
            <gloss><q>leader</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razamonæg"><w>razamonæg</w>
            <gloss><q>supervisor</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razamynd"><w>razamynd</w>
            <gloss><q>management</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razvændag"><w>razvændag</w>
            <gloss><q>way ahead</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1941e260" n="1">
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e262">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ kʼabaiy <oRef>raz</oRef> ysḱʼīzī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перёд моего платья запачкался</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the front of my dress got dirty</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e282" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ <oRef>raz</oRef> sin neke
              rajsʒænæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никто не отнимет у них переда</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no one will take their front</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">= <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">никто не отнимет у них превосходства</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">никто их не превзойдет</q></note>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220215T112655+0300" comment="правильно сделано?"?>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">=
                <?oxy_comment_end ?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">no one will take away their
                superiority</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">no one will surpass
              them</q></note>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T165354+0300" comment="почему здесь англ? как лучше делать? и что сделать теперь? NB в других местах значит у меня тоже вылезло английское…"?>from
                the materials of G. Kokiev<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e331" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kom ævgærdgæ, <oRef>raz</oRef> axæssgæ
              fæccæwuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он идет, прорезая ущелье, захватывая
                (пространство) перед собой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he goes, cutting through the gorge, capturing
                (the space) in front of him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>146</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1941e360" n="2">
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e362">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīstærty <oRef>raz</oRef> mæ bon næw
              ʒūryn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед старшими я не могу говорить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I cannot speak in front of elders</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>227</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e387">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūdon sæ dywwæ dær rast wydysty X˳ycawy
                <oRef>raz</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оба они были праведны пред Богом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and they were both righteous before God</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1941e414">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy <oRef>raz</oRef> ard xæryn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">клянусь перед народом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I swear before the people</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e577" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e437" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frāč-</m></mentioned>
          и исторически представляет вариацию слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/>,
          восходящего к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e583" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e443" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frāk-</m>
            <gloss><q>направленный вперед</q></gloss></mentioned>. При этом за <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/> закрепилось выражение отношений времени
            (<gloss><q>рано</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>давно</q></gloss>), а за <oRef/> — пространства
              (<gloss><q>впереди</q></gloss>), отчасти времени (<gloss><q>раньше</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>до</q></gloss>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e610" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e470" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>farāz</w>, <w>firāz</w>
            <gloss><q>сверху</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наверху</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>над</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1941e487"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e629" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e488" xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
              <w>fraz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e634" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e493" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>frač</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>вперед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>впереди</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>перед</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e649" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e507" xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
            <w>frāzišt</w>
            <gloss><q>наиболее впереди</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(превосх. степень от <w>frāz</w>, ср. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"/> сравн. степень от <oRef>raz</oRef>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1941e524"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e667" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e525" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>frača</w>, <w>fraš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e674" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e532" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>prača</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>вперед</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/>.
          См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razmæ"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razy_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">razy</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">razi</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razzag"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e437" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e577" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frāč-</m></mentioned> and historically represents a variation of the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/>, which traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e443" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e583" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">frāk-</m>
            <gloss><q>directed forward</q></gloss></mentioned>. Incidentally, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/> started to express temporal relations
          (<gloss><q>early</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>long age</q></gloss>), and <oRef/> — space
              (<gloss><q>in front of</q></gloss>) and partly temporal relations
              (<gloss><q>previously</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>before</q></gloss>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e470" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e610" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>farāz</w>, <w>firāz</w>
            <gloss><q>from above</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>above</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>over</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220215T112739+0300" comment="какие-то проблемы с языками"?><mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1941e628"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e488" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e629" xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
              <w>fraz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e493" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e634" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>frač</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <gloss><q>forward</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ahead</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>in front
              of</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e507" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e649" xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
            <w>frāzišt</w>
            <gloss><q>the most ahead</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(superlative from <w>frāz</w>, cf. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"/>, a comparative from <oRef>raz</oRef>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1941e666"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e525" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e667" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>frača</w>, <w>fraš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1941e532" xml:id="mentioned_d1941e674" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>prača</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>forward</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"/>.
          See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razmæ"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razy_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">razy</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">razi</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razdær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_razzag"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
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