<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mætyx</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_mætyx" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d5025e66" type="lemma"><orth>mætyx</orth></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5025e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5025e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>саранча</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>locust</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5025e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>акриды</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarincxa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>sarincxa</w>
            <gloss>id</gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarincxa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>sarincxa</w>
            <gloss>id</gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5025e107">
          <example xml:id="example_d5025e109">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ioann ta dardta tewajy q˳ynæj daræs… æmæ
              xordta <oRef>mætyxtæ</oRef> æmæ qæddag myd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Иоанн же носил одежду из верблюжьего волоса… и
                ел акриды и дикий мед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">And John was clothed with camel’s hair… and he
                did eat locusts and wild honey</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское слово, представленное в нескольких вариантах, которые
          трудно возвести к одному прототипу: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e140"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e390" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e141" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>maig</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">madika-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
                    <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e407" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e158" xml:lang="fa"><w>malax</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e412" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e163" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaxa-</w></mentioned>, с характерным не столько для персидского, сколько для
                кушанского, афганского, мунджанского переходом <c>d (δ)</c> → <c>l</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e421" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e172" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>madag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e426" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e177" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>maδaɣ</w></mentioned>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e431" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e182" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e436" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e187" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>malax</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(эта афганско-персидская форма широко
                распространилась)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e445" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e196" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <w>marax</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e452" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e203" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                  <w>maδax</w></mentioned> с закономерным для армянского переходом <c>-δ-</c> →
                  <c>-r-</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e462" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e213" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>mθx</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                  <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e475" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e226" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>maδaxā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e480" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e231" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>maṭačī-</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(сомнительно ввиду <c>ṭ</c>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>саранча</q></gloss></mentioned>. Осетинская форма близка к хорезмийской и
          возводится к <w type="rec">maθixa-</w> (<w type="rec">maθuxa</w>) <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220624T223456+0300" comment="Abaev has nothing here, but this seems to make sense"?>←<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e504" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e255" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">maθika-</w></mentioned>. Возможно, однако, что в
          осетинском имело место вторичное оглушение <c>d</c> → <c>t</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_satæg"><w>satæg</w>
            <gloss><q>прохладный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
            <gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss></ref> и др. В этом случае все засвидетельствованные варианты
          можно было бы возвести к двоякому оформлению <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e524" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e275" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-aka-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e529" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e280" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-ika-</w></mentioned>. <name>Szemerényi</name> считает начальный <m>m-</m> остатком
          приставки <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e537" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e288" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">ham-</m></mentioned> и этимологизирует
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e292"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e542" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e293" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-aka-</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e546" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e297" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-ika-</w></mentioned>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e552" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e303" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ad-</w>
                <gloss><q>есть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пожирать</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, имея в виду хорошо
          известное обжорство саранчи; однако <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e562" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e313" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>maṭačī</w></mentioned>, если оно относится сюда (<name>Mayrhofer</name>),
          препятствует такой этимологии. На скифской почве ср. еще племенное название <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e570" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e321" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ματυκεται</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
              <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Sogdicisms
              in the Avesta</title>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(apud <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
                  Spätantike und Christentum</title>. <date>1951</date></bibl>)</note>,
              <biblScope>стр. 156—158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>17, 145</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>II 554</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Iran
              and Islam</title>, <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              288</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Common Iranin word, attested in several variants which are difficult to
          reduce to a single prototype: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e389"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e141" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e390" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>maig</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">madika-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
                    <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e158" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e407" xml:lang="fa"><w>malax</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e163" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e412" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaxa-</w></mentioned>, with the sound change <c>d (δ)</c> → <c>l</c>
                characteristic not so much of Persian but rather of Bactrian, Pashto,
              Munji)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e172" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e421" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>madag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e177" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e426" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>maδaɣ</w></mentioned>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e182" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e431" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">madaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e187" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e436" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>malax</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(this Pashto-Persian form
                has spread widely)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e196" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e445" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <w>marax</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e203" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e452" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                  <w>maδax</w></mentioned> with the regular Armenian sound change <c>-δ-</c> →
                  <c>-r-</c>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e213" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e462" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>mθx</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                  <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e226" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e475" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>maδaxā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e480" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>maṭačī-</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(doubtful due to <c>ṭ</c>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>locust</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Ossetic form is close to Khwarezmian and
          is derived from <w type="rec">maθixa-</w> (<w type="rec">maθuxa</w>) <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220624T223456+0300" comment="Abaev has nothing here, but this seems to make sense"?>←<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e255" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e504" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">maθika-</w></mentioned>. It is, however, possible
          that Ossetic underwent a secondary devoicing <c>d</c> → <c>t</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_satæg"><w>satæg</w>
            <gloss><q>cool</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
            <gloss><q>banner</q></gloss></ref> etc. In this case all attested variants could be
          reduced to the double forms <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e275" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e524" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-aka-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e280" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e529" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mad-ika-</w></mentioned>. <name>Szemerényi</name> considers initial <m>m-</m> to be the
          remnant of the prefix <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e288" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e537" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">ham-</m></mentioned> and
          etymologizes <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5025e541"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e293" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e542" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-aka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e297" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e546" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-ad-ika-</w></mentioned>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e303" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e552" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ad-</w>
                <gloss><q>eat</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>consume</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, having in mind the
          well-known gluttony of the locust; however, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e313" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e562" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>maṭačī</w></mentioned>, if it belongs here (<name>Mayrhofer</name>), contradicts this
          etymology. In Scythian cf. also the tribe name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5025e321" xml:id="mentioned_d5025e570" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ματυκεται</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
              <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Sogdicisms
              in the Avesta</title>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(apud <bibl><author>Altheim</author>. <title>Aus
                  Spätantike und Christentum</title>. <date>1951</date></bibl>)</note>,
              <biblScope>pp. 156—158</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>17, 145</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>II 554</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <title>Iran
              and Islam</title>, <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>p.
              288</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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