<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæf</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæf" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T201027+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5838e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæf</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæfæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>pus</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>pus</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæf kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гноиться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fester</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæfcæst</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense n="1">
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(bahuvrihi) </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(bahuvrihi) </note>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гноеглазый</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pus-eyed</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense n="2">
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(tatpuruṣa) </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(tatpuruṣa) </note>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>гнойник</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>pustule</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæfdændag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гноезубый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pus-toothed</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæffynʒ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сопля</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">snot</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yʒy xæst ferxæm, <oRef>ysxæftæ</oRef>
              kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">укус собаки стал нарывать, гноиться</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the dog bite started to abscess, fester</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ xīstær æng˳ylʒ <oRef>xæfæj</oRef>
              bambydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твой большой палец сгнил от гноя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your thumb is rotten with pus</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>V 11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæf</oRef> femæxst</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гной прорвался</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the pus has burst</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>V 11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ædsati… æ xætælæj nyccæ didæ, ma kæmi ci cæf
              sird adtæj, etæ æmburd kænun rajdajoncæ, sæ ǧædgintæ sin fexsnidæ, sæ
                <oRef>xæftæ</oRef> sin fækkæʒos kænidæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Афсати (бог зверей) заиграет, бывало, на своей
                свирели, и отовсюду раненые звери начинали собираться, и (Афсати) обмывал их раны,
                очищал от гноя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Afsati (the god of beasts) would play his
                whistle, and wounded beasts would gather from everywhere, and (Afsati) would wash
                their wounds and cleanse them of pus</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 281</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">otemæj xasta Dado æxe ma æ zærond
                <oRef>xæfcæstæ</oRef> osi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">так Дадо кормил себя и свою старую гноеглазую
                жену</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that's how Dado fed himself and his old
                pus-eyed wife</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kapha-</w></mentioned>. В других иранских языках преобладает значение
              <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss>, но в древнеиндийском — <gloss><q>слизь</q></gloss>. Ср.
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa" extralang="ku pal"><lang>перс., пехл.,
                курд.</lang>
              <w>kaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>kap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>xof</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                <w>xef</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                <w>šāf</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>слюна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w> xīf</w>
              <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <w>xof</w>
            <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni">Shughni</ref>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope>)</bibl> считает форму <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>šāf</w></mentioned> для шугнанской группы оригинальной, а формы
                <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w> xīf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><w>xof</w></mentioned></mentioned> заимствованными. Не
            исключено, однако, что мы имеем дело с перекрестными изоглоссами.</note>
          <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="wbl" extralang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>xuf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>xof</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>xufk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xafa</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>пена</q>, <q>накипь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khava</w>
            <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kafa-</w>
            <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kapha-</w>
            <gloss><q>слизь</q>, <q>мокрота</q>
              <note type="comment">(согласно индийской медицине, один из трех видов влаги
                человеческого тела)</note></gloss></mentioned>. — Из иранского вошло в некоторые
          языки Кавказа: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>kapi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>kaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæffynʒ"><w>xæffynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>сопля</q></gloss></ref>. — Семантический стержень — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">жидкое выделение</q> —позволяет сблизить индоиранскую
          группу со <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>kapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                <w>капать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>капля</w></mentioned></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>)</mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>soplь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>сопля</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱap-</w></mentioned>). Допущение базы <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱap-</w></mentioned> (рядом с <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>) диктуется и <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rišāpa-</w>
            <gloss><note type="comment">эпитет дракона, из <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>riš-<w type="rec">sapa-</w></w></mentioned></note>
              <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чьи выделения (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w type="rec">sapa-</w></mentioned>) ядовиты (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>riš-</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1473</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — В значении
              <gloss><q>пена</q></gloss> в осетинском бытует слово <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynk"><w>fynk</w> | <w>finkæ</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
              <biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>)</ref>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 148</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>26, 34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 265</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Derived from <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kapha-</w></mentioned>. In other Iranian languages the predominant meaning
          is <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss>, but in Old Indian it is <gloss><q>mucus</q></gloss>. Cf.
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa" extralang="ku pal"><lang>Persian, Middle Persian,
                Kurdish</lang>
              <w>kaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>kap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>xof</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                <w>xef</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                <w>šāf</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>saliva</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w> xīf</w>
              <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <w>xof</w>
            <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni">Shughni</ref>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope>)</bibl> considers the form <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>šāf</w></mentioned> for the Shughni group as original, while the forms
                <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w> xīf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><w>xof</w></mentioned></mentioned> заимствованными. are
            borrowed. It is possible, however, that we are dealing with cross-isoglosses.</note>
          <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="wbl" extralang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>xuf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>xof</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>xufk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xafa</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>foam</q>, <q>limescale</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khava</w>
            <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kafa-</w>
            <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kapha-</w>
            <gloss><q>mucus</q>, <q>phlegm</q>
              <note type="comment">(according to Indian medicine, one of the three types of moisture
                in the human body)</note></gloss></mentioned>. — From Iranian it entered some
          languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>kapi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>kaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
              <w>xaf</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæffynʒ"><w>xæffynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>snot</q></gloss></ref>. — The semantic pivot, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">liquid secretion</q>, makes it possible to bring the
          Indo-Iranian to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>kapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                <w>kapatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kaplja</w></mentioned></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>)</mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>soplь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>soplja</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱap-</w></mentioned>). The assumption of the <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱap-</w></mentioned> base (along with <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>) is also dictated by <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rišāpa-</w>
            <gloss><note type="comment">an epithet of the dragon, from <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>riš-<w type="rec">sapa-</w></w></mentioned></note>
              <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">whose secretions (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w type="rec">sapa-</w></mentioned>) are poisonous (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>riš-</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1473</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — in the meaning of
              <gloss><q>foam</q></gloss> in Ossetic comes the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynk"><w>fynk</w> | <w>finkæ</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
              <biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>)</ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 148</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>26, 34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 265</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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