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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wyr</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wyr" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d5452e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wyr</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>uræ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5452e69">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(речная, прибрежная) </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(речная, прибрежная) </note>
              <q>галька</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <note type="comment">(river, coastal) </note>
              <q>pebbles</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>галечник</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pebblestone</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wyrǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обильный галькой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rich with pebbles</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wyrbyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">каменистая, с галечником почва</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rocky soil, soil with pebblestone</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wirag dūr</orth><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из
                <phr>wyjrag dūr</phr>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <phr>wyjrag
                dūr</phr>)</note></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">галечный камень</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pebblestone</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>галька</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>pebbles</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>кругляк</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>round stone</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>булыжник</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>cobblestone</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — В одной народной сказке есть эпизод, где галька
          играет важную роль. Действие происходит на берегу моря или большой реки (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/>). Герою предстоит схватка с врагом. Но раньше должны помериться
          силами их кони. И тут герой прибегает к хитрости. Он обмазывает своего коня клеем, а затем
          велит ему вываляться в прибрежной гальке и песке, которые и прилипают к нему толстым
          слоем. В последующей схватке конь героя, защищенный броней из гальки и песка, оказывается
          неуязвимым. Зато сам он наносит противнику смертельные увечья</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — In one folk fairy tale there is the episode, where
          pebblestone plays an important role. The action takes place on the coast of the sea or on
          the bank of a big river (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/>). The main character will
          have to fight with the enemy. But previously their horses must measure their strength. And
          then the hero resorts to trickery. He smears his horse with glue, and then orders him to
          roll in coastal pebbles and sand, which stick to him in a thick layer. In the subsequent
          battle, the main character's horse, protected with armour from pebbles and sand, turns out
          to be invulnerable. But he in turn inflicts fatal injuries to the enemy</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ bæxy sasmæj bajgærsta læppū; bæx
                <oRef>wyryl</oRef> ystyldī æmæ aftæmæj wyr æmæ ’zmīsæj ysbæzǵyn īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша обмазал своего коня клеем; конь вывалялся
                в гальке и таким образом от (налипшей) гальки и песка растолстел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man smeared his horse with glue; the
                horse rolled in pebbles and thus became fat from (stuck) pebbles and sand</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældary zærdæ cʼæx <oRef>wirag dūræj</oRef>
              qawǵydær fælmæn kænyn næ bak˳ymdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сердце князя смягчилось не более, чем мог бы
                (смягчиться) серый булыжник</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince's heart softened no more than a grey
                cobblestone could (soften)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wel</w>, <w type="rec">wḷ</w>
            <gloss><q>катать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обкатывать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1140—1144</biblScope></bibl>) дала в ряде языков слова со значением
              <gloss><q>обкатанный камень</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>окатыш</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>булыжник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>галька</q></gloss> и т.п.: <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>валун</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>uolis</w>
            <gloss><q>галька</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кругляк</q></gloss>, <w>uōla</w>
            <gloss><q>оселок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>точило</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>uōla</w>
            <gloss><q>галька</q></gloss>, <w>uolis</w>
            <gloss><q>булыжник</q></gloss>, <w>uôls</w>
            <gloss><q>кругляк</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>valr</w>
            <gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>gil</w> (из <w type="rec">wel-</w>) <gloss><q>круглый
          камешек</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ὅλμος</w>
            <gloss><q>круглый камень</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кругляк</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ос.
          <oRef/> естественно связать с этой группой. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>īra-</w>
            <gloss><q>камень</q></gloss></mentioned>, если из <w type="rec">wira-</w> (ср.:
              <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Ambages Indoiranicae</title>.
              <publisher>AION</publisher>
            <date>1959</date>
            <biblScope>I 2 145</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 25</biblScope></bibl>). — Слово обильно представлено в топонимии Осетии:
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Wyrtæ</w>, <phr>Wyry daræn</phr>, <phr>Wyry ræbyn</phr>,
              <phr>Wyr adag</phr></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><author>Цагaeва</author>.
              <title>Топонимия Северной Осетии, II</title>. <pubPlace>Орджоникидзе</pubPlace>,
              <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>стр. 43, 100, 168, 400 и др.</biblScope></bibl>). В
          Балкарии: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><phr>Әrbən mərə</phr>, <phr>Әrbən
            xuna</phr></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Коков, Шахмурзаев</author>. <title>Балк. топоним.
              сл.</title>
            <pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр.
          149</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wel</w>,
              <w type="rec">wḷ</w>
            <gloss><q>to roll</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to roll in</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1140—1144</biblScope></bibl>) resulted in some languages in words with the
          meaning <gloss><q>rounded stone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pellet</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>cobblestone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pebbles</q></gloss> etc.: <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>valun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>uolis</w>
            <gloss><q>pebbles</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>round stone</q></gloss>, <w>uōla</w>
            <gloss><q>whetstone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sharpener</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>uōla</w>
            <gloss><q>pebbles</q></gloss>, <w>uolis</w>
            <gloss><q>cobblestone</q></gloss>, <w>uôls</w>
            <gloss><q>round stone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>valr</w>
            <gloss><q>round</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>gil</w> (from <w type="rec">wel-</w>) <gloss><q>small round
            stone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ὅλμος</w>
            <gloss><q>round stone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rounded stone</q></gloss></mentioned>. It
          is natural to connect Ossetic <oRef/> with this group. The cognate is <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>īra-</w>
            <gloss><q>stone</q></gloss></mentioned>, if it is derived from <w type="rec">wira-</w>
          (cf.: <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Ambages Indoiranicae</title>.
              <publisher>AION</publisher>
            <date>1959</date>
            <biblScope>I 2 145</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 25</biblScope></bibl>). — The word is widely represented in toponymics of
          Ossetia: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Wyrtæ</w>, <phr>Wyry daræn</phr>, <phr>Wyry
              ræbyn</phr>, <phr>Wyr adag</phr></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><author>Cagaeva</author>.
              <title>Toponimija Severnoj Osetii, II</title>. [<title>The toponymics of Northern
              Ossetia, II</title>]. <pubPlace>Ordzhonikidze</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 43, 100, 168, 400 etc.</biblScope></bibl>). It is also present in
          Balkaria: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><phr>Әrbən mərə</phr>, <phr>Әrbən
            xuna</phr></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Kokov, Šaxmurzaev</author>. <title>Balk. toponim.
              sl.</title> [<title>The Balkarian toponymical dictionary</title>].
              <pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>p.
          149</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
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