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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syvylʒ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_syvylʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1165e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syvylʒ</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sibulʒæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>карагач</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>karagach</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вяз</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>elm tree</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Ulmus suberosa</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Ulmus suberosa</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Ulmus pamila</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Ulmus pamila</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razdær næ qædty xīxǵyn bælæstæ, stæj tūlʒ æmæ
                <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef> paraxatæj zadysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раньше в наших лесах росли в изобилии хвойные
                деревья, а также дуб и карагач</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">before, in our forests coniferous trees grew in
                abundance, as well as oak and elm</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1967 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">amard Tajmuraz... æmæ jæ banygædtoj;
                <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef> qædæj jyn jæ nyværzæn cyrt nyssaǧtoj; ūcy cyrt ysxæcyd æmæ
              sbælas īs, abon dær cæry Ganisy wælmærdty styr <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef> bælas</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умер Таймураз, и похоронили его; из дерева
                карагача поставили ему у изголовья надгробный памятник; этот памятник пророс и стал
                деревом, и сегодня живет на кладбище (аула) Ганис большой карагач</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Taimuraz died, and they buried him; an elm
                tombstone was placed at his head; this monument sprouted and became a tree, and
                today a big elm lives in the cemetery (of the village) Ganis </q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sibulʒi</oRef> cʼaræj ba æ sarǧ
              isarazta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из коры карагача он сделал себе седло</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from elm bark he made himself a saddle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 108</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew xedi ǧosmæ niqqærtʒænæ... sibulʒee æma
              tasæn wes</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты дойдешь до одного моста... из карагача и
                гибких прутьев</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you will reach a bridge... made of elm and
                supple rods</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 112</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Трехсогласные типа <c>svl</c> || <c>svr</c> || <c>smr</c> и
          четырехсогласные типа <c>svrk</c> || <c>svrč</c> || <c>smrk</c> названия деревьев
          распознаются в осетинском, славянских и картвельских языках. В осетинском, помимо
            <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼamalæg"/> и (с характерной
          заменой начального <c>s</c> группой <c>xs</c>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsyrf"><w>xsyrf</w>
            <gloss><q>серп</q></gloss></ref>) д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor"><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">æ</hi>xsimulʒæ</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæmæræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsnarcʼy"><w>xsnarcʼy</w></ref> (из <w type="rec">xsnarcʼy</w>?). В славянских: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>смьрчь</w>
            <gloss><q>кедр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>смерек</w>, <w>смерека</w>
            <gloss><q>пихта</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>smrk</w>
            <gloss><q>ель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sk"><lang/>
            <w>smrek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang>пол.</lang>
            <w>świerk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sk"><lang/>
            <w>svrčina</w>
            <note type="comment">(форма особенно близкая к ос. <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>)</note>
            <gloss><q>ель</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Трубачев</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Этимология 1965</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                  32</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В картвельских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>cʼipela</w>
            <gloss><q>бук</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼabli</w>
            <gloss><q>каштан</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>cxemuri</w>
            <gloss><q>граб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>zmartʼli</w>
            <gloss><q>мушмула</q></gloss></mentioned>. Нельзя также пройти мимо <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>śəvəlčə</w>
            <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss></mentioned>, полностью созвучного с ос. <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>,
          для семантики <q>лист</q> — <q>дерево</q> ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>palāṡa-</w>
            <gloss><q>листва</q></gloss></mentioned> — ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas"><w>bælas</w>
            <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss></ref>. Возможно, мы имеем дело со старой
          восточноевропейско-кавказской изоглоссой.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Three-consonant (<c>svl</c> || <c>svr</c> || <c>smr</c>) and
          four-consonant (<c>svrk</c> || <c>svrč</c> || <c>smrk</c>) sequences denoting names of
          trees are recognized in the Ossetian, Slavic and Kartvelian languages. In Ossetian, in
          addition to <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼamalæg"/> and (with a
          typical replacement of the initial <c>s</c> by the group <c>xs</c>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsyrf"><w>xsyrf</w>
            <gloss><q>sickle</q></gloss></ref>), there is Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor"><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">æ</hi>xsimulʒæ</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæmæræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsnarcʼy"><w>xsnarcʼy</w></ref> (from <w type="rec">xsnarcʼy</w>?).
          Slavic correspondences are: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>smьrčь</w>
            <gloss><q>cedar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>smerek</w>, <w>smereka</w>
            <gloss><q>fir</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>smrk</w>
            <gloss><q>spruce</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sk"><lang/>
            <w>smrek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>świerk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sk"><lang/>
            <w>svrčina</w>
            <note type="comment">(the form is especially close to Ossetic
              <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>)</note>
            <gloss><q>spruce</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Trubachev</author>, <title xml:lang="en">Ètimologija 1965</title>,
                  <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 32</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Kartvelian
          correspondences are: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>cʼipela</w>
            <gloss><q>beech</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼabli</w>
            <gloss><q>chestnut tree</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>cxemuri</w>
            <gloss><q>hornbeam</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>zmartʼli</w>
            <gloss><q>loquat</q></gloss></mentioned>. One cannot as well overlook <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>śəvəlčə</w>
            <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss></mentioned>, completely accordant to Ossetic
            <oRef>syvylʒ</oRef>, for semantics <q>leaf</q> — <q>tree</q>, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>palāṡa-</w>
            <gloss><q>foliage</q></gloss></mentioned> — Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas"><w>bælas</w>
            <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss></ref>. Perhaps we are dealing with an old East
          European-Caucasian isogloss.</etym>
      </entry>
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