<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syd_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_syd_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4133e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syd</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sudæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4133e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>голод</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>hunger</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">употребительно в отлож. падеже: </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">is used in ablative case: </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>sydæj</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from hunger</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>sydæj mælyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умирать с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">die of starvation</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stong"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxormag"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stong"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxormag"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼaxis mītbynæj mæqītæ stong æmæ
                <oRef>sydæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты выкапывал бы из-под снега <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæq6q9ī">mæqī</ref>, не евший и голодный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you would dig out <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæq6q9ī">mæqī</ref> from under the snow, not having eaten and
                hungry</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īwtæ... adæmy fællojæ mīnas kodtoj, īnnætæ
              ta... <oRef>sydæj</oRef> mardysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одни пировали народным добром, другие умирали с
                голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">some were feasting on folk goods, others were
                dying of hunger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stong az yskodta; xor nal ærzad; adæm
                <oRef>sydæj</oRef> mardysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настал голодный год; хлеб не уродился; люди
                умирали с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the year of famine came; bread was not born;
                people were dying of hunger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sydæj</oRef> mælæm</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы умираем с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we are starving</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fydaz yskodta Nartyl; <oRef>sydæj</oRef>
              mælynmæ ærcydysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плохой год настал для Нартов; они дошли до
                того, что умирали с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a bad year had come for the Narts; they had
                reached the point where they were starving</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbacydysty avd bīræǧy æmæ myn zaǧtoj: bawaʒ
              næ, Wyryzmæg, <oRef>sydæj</oRef> k˳y mælys; maxæn dær wyʒæn, æmæ dæwæn dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пришли семь волков и сказали мне: впусти нас (к
                овцам), Урузмаг, ведь ты умираешь с голоду; будет (угощенье) и для нас, и для
                тебя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seven wolves came and said to me: let us in (to
                the sheep), Uruzmæg, because you are dying of hunger; there will be (a treat) for us
                and for you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 56</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw sydæj mard, īnnæ ta jyn jæ rony kærʒyn
              ag˳yrdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один умирал с голоду, а другой искал у него за
                пазухой хлеба</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one was starving, and the other was looking for
                bread in his bosom</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>proverb</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III 207</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ sudæ<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">В
                тексте ошибочно <w>zudæ</w>.</note><note xml:lang="en" type="footnote">There is
                  <w>zudæ</w> in the text by mistake.</note> mard, æ ‘donug sast</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(да будет) его голод убит, его жажда
                утолена</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(may) his hunger be killed, his thirst be
                quenched</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 169</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartæ... <oRef>sudæj</oRef> mælætmæ
              æriftudæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты от голода дошли до гибели</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">The Narts came to death because of
                starvation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sudæj næbal færazæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от голода у нас уже нет мочи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have no energy because of starvation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæn ba æfcægi kʼæxlibæl kawdwar ku
              nivværon, wæddær dæ adæm <oRef>sudæj</oRef> fæmmælʒænæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если я тебе в расщелине перевала поставлю
                плетневые ворота, то твой народ перемрет с голоду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if I put a wattle gate in the crevice of the
                pass for you, then your people will die of hunger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šuda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ар.</lang>
            <w type="rec">kšudha-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ар.</lang>
            <c>kš</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <c>s</c></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṛkṣa-</w></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dakṣiṇa-</w></mentioned> → <lang>ос.</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/> и др.; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>sud</w>, <w>suy</w>, <w>šuy</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss>, <phr><w>sud</w>
              <w>u</w>
              <w>tišn</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>голод и жажда</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><name>Dēnkart</name>
                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">9</hi>
            21</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>šuδ</w>, <w>šud</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss>, <w>šudig</w>
            <gloss><q>голодный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>kṣu-</w>, <w>kṣua-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Emmerick"/>
                <biblScope>345</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>šuδa-</w>,</mentioned>
          <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣudhā-</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss>, <w>kṣudhāmāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>смерть от голода</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>sudæjmaræ</w></mentioned>).<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 57, 82, III 153</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">šuda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kšudha-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <c>kš</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <c>s</c></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṛkṣa-</w></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dakṣiṇa-</w></mentioned> → <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/> etc.; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>sud</w>, <w>suy</w>, <w>šuy</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q></gloss>, <phr><w>sud</w>
              <w>u</w>
              <w>tišn</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>hunger and thirst</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><name>Dēnkart</name>
                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">9</hi>
            21</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>šuδ</w>, <w>šud</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q></gloss>, <w>šudig</w>
            <gloss><q>hungry</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>kṣu-</w>, <w>kṣua-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Emmerick"/>
                <biblScope>345</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>šuδa-</w>,</mentioned>
          <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣudhā-</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q></gloss>, <w>kṣudhāmāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>death by starvation</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>sudæjmaræ</w></mentioned>).<lb/><bibl xml:lang="en">Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
            <biblScope>II 57, 82, III 153</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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