<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syrd</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_syrd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1659e66" type="lemma"><orth>syrd</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1659e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>зверь</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>beast</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>дичь</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>game</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; слово применимо ко всякому крупному недомашнему
          животному, которое может быть предметом охоты</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the word applies to any large non-domestic animal that
          can be hunted</note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syrdmar</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sirdmar</orth></form>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зверобой</q></gloss></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beast killer</q></gloss></note>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwanon</w>
              <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cowæjnon</w></ref></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwanon</w>
              <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cowæjnon</w></ref></note>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>охотник</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hunter</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense/>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīny syrd</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заколдованный зверь, которого не берет стрела,
                пуля</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an enchanted beast that is not taken by a
                bullet or by an arrow</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syrdʒarm</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звериная шкура</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">animal skin</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syrdǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обильный дичью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">abundant in game</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syrdon</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звериный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beasty</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syrdʒast</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с диким, ошалелым взглядом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with a wild, stunned look</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syrdvyd</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">звериномясый</q> = </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beast-meated</q> = </note>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жилистый</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wiry</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>мускулистый</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>brawny</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īwgaj nyjjystæm, nywwaǧtam næ bæstæ, — fos
              dær ma aftæ nyppyrx kæny <oRef>syrd</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы разбрелись, мы покинули край наш, — скот
                разгоняет так зверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we dispersed, we left our land — the beast
                disperses the cattle like that</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">toppy gæraxæj qædy <oRef>syrd</oRef> k˳yd fe
              stʼælfy...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как от ружейного выстрела вздрагивает лесной
                зверь...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how a forest animal shudders from a rifle
                shot...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syrdtæ</oRef> fælyǧdysty xæxtæm</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звери убежали в горы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the animals fled to the mountains</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg <oRef>syrdæj</oRef> syrddær syrd ū...
              jæxīcæj mællægdær, ædyxdæry card xaly, jæ īs, jæ fælloj jyn tyxæj īsy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">человек — больше зверь (<q>более зверский
                  зверь</q>), чем (любой) зверь, он ломает жизнь того, кто слабее, беспомощнее его,
                отнимает у него силой имущество, достояние</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">man is more of a beast (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">more beasty beast</q>), than (any) beast, he breaks
                the life of someone who is weaker, more helpless than him, takes away his property,
                property by force</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ syrdxæssæn gærzæj jæ
                <oRef>syrd</oRef> (sykʼī) abasta, jeʼkkoj jæ skodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Садулла охотничьим ремнем перевязал свою дичину
                (серну), взвалил ее на спину</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadulla tied up his game (chamois) with a
                hunting belt, put it on his back</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rast k˳yddær arvyl yslenk kæna Bonværnon,
              marǧæj, <oRef>syrdæj</oRef> ta æmyzmæld yskænʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как только на небе выплывет утренняя звезда,
                сразу птицы и звери придут в движение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as soon as the morning star emerges in the sky,
                birds and animals will immediately begin to move</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aly <oRef>syrdy</oRef> fæd dær
              baskary</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он разведывает след каждого зверя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he scouts the trail of every beast</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1961 II 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ zærdæ bazydta, am cydær xīny
                <oRef>syrdy</oRef> q˳yddag īs, ændæra fæd-fædyl ærtæ æxstmæ jæxī mīlæn k˳yd
              æværy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он почуял сердцем, что имеет дело с
                заколдованным зверем, иначе как он мог подставить себя мишенью на три выстрела
                подряд</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he felt in his heart that he was dealing with
                an enchanted beast, otherwise how could he expose himself as a target for three
                shots in a row</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xsart... saræzta <oRef>syrdʒærttæj</oRef>
              xalaǧūd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хсарт сделал шалаш из звериных шкур</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khsart made a hut from animal skins</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arv æmæ zænxæ kæræʒej xwastoncæ;
                <oRef>sirdtæ</oRef>, mærǧtæ sæxe arf bafsnajdtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(разразилась гроза) небо и земля колотились
                друг об друга; звери, птицы попрятались поглубже</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(a thunderstorm broke out) sky and earth
                pounded against each other; animals, birds hid deeper</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1940 III 58</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsævæj bonmæ alt <oRef>sirdi</oRef> muggagæj
              æfsæn galawon avd iʒagi e ku bakænuj: ...sædsugænttæj... ʒæmbugintæj — ænsurgintæj...
              listægzængitæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ночи до утра он семь (раз) заполняет железную
                ограду всякой дичью: сторогими (= оленями), большелапыми (= медведями), клыкастыми
                (= кабанами), тонконогими (= косулями)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from night till morning, he fills the iron
                fence seven (times) with all kinds of game: the hundred-horned (= deer), the
                big-footed (= bears), the fanged (= wild boars), the thin-legged (= roe deer)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧædi <oRef>sird</oRef> k’ adtæj onæj ke næ
              ramardta, wæxæn næbal niwwaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из лесных зверей не оставил такого, кого бы он
                не убил</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">of the forest animals, he did not leave even
                one whom he would not kill</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3—4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæʒaræ <oRef>sirdi</oRef> fidæj bajʒag kodta
              æ madæ ma æ fidæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он наполнил дом дичиной для своей матери и
                отца</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he filled the house with game for his mother
                and father</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11—12</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwadæs uxsti sirdonvidæj rajʒag
              kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двенадцать вертелов он наполнил мясом дичи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he filled twelve skewers with game meat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 70</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ fonsmæ cuma <oRef>sird</oRef> læboræg
              es</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как будто на твое стадо нападает зверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as if your herd is being attacked by a
                beast</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ fur tæssæj ænæzmælgæ <oRef>sird</oRef>
              nincʼuldæj xunkʼi arf</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в страхе, недвижимый съежился глубоко в норе
                зверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in fear, the beast cowered immovable deep in
                the hole</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew særdæ eci xonxi cori rafecawæn kodta ew
                <oRef>sirdmar</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одно лето возле той горы проходил один
                охотник</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one summer a hunter passed near that
                mountain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cwanon cy xox næ baskara, ūj
                <oRef>syrdǵyn</oRef> ænqæly</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">охотник думает, что гора, которую он (еще) не
                разведал, обильна дичью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hunter thinks that the mountain, which he
                (yet) has not explored, is plentiful with game</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 199</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Группа <c>rd</c> восходит в осетинском нередко к <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_1"><w>wyrd</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">udra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
            <gloss><q>лук</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">druna-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdu</w>
            <gloss><q>волос</q></gloss><note type="comment"> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">drau-</w></mentioned></note></ref> и др. Стало быть, <oRef>sird</oRef>
          можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sidra-</w></mentioned> и
          сближать с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w>
            <gloss><q>дикий</q></gloss></mentioned> с неизбежным в данном сочетании выпадением
            <c>-ž-</c>. Слово <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>siždra-</w> в авестийском тексте <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yt</title>
                <biblScope>VIII 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> употребляется рядом с
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>auruna-</w>
            <gloss><q>дикий</q></gloss></mentioned> (см. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærnæg"/>)
          как близкое к нему по значению, если не синоним: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><phr>aurunača
              nača gairišāčō siždrača ravasčarātō</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">звери, живущие в горах, и дикие животные,
                которые рыщут на равнине</q></gloss></mentioned>. В другом тексте
              (<bibl><title>Vd.</title>
            <biblScope>XIII 2</biblScope></bibl>) находим сочетание <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>span-siždra-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дикая собака</q></gloss></mentioned>. Таким
          образом, и с фонетической и с семантической стороны сопоставление ос. <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
            <oRef>sird</oRef> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w></mentioned> безупречно. Сюда же, может быть, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šarza</w>
            <gloss><q>лютый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>свирепый</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>разъяренный</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">siždraka-</w> (или <w type="rec">syazdraka-</w>)</mentioned> → <w type="rec">šazdrag</w> → <w type="rec">šazra</w> → <w type="rec">šarza</w>. Еще один вариант этого
          слова, на этот раз с выпадением <c>-r-</c>, дает <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>śśaysda-</w></mentioned>, <note type="comment">(</note><mentioned xml:lang="xtq"><lang>тумшук</lang>) <gloss><q>śazda-</q></gloss>
            <gloss><q>змея</q></gloss></mentioned>. Группа <c>-zdr-</c> оказалась повсюду
          неустойчивой: в осетинском из нее выпал <c>z</c>, в персидском — <c>d</c>, а в сакском —
            <c>r</c>. Если допустить в арийском колебание <c>ś-</c> || <c>s-</c>, то эти иранские
          слова сопоставимы с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>syandate</w>
            <gloss><q>бежать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстро двигаться</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> склонен видеть в <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
            <oRef>sird</oRef> прош. причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>
            <gloss><q>гнать</q></gloss></ref>. В дигорском в этом случае ожидали бы <w>surd</w>.
          Перебой <c>u</c> → <c>i</c> здесь трудно объясним, если учесть, что глагол <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>: <w>surd</w></ref> находится в
          дигорском в постоянном живом употреблении. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Syrdon"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1958 XXI 532</biblScope></bibl> (к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
          </ref>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl> (к <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w></mentioned>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The cluster <c>rd</c> in Ossetian often goes back to <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_1"><w>wyrd</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">udra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
            <gloss><q>bow</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">druna-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdu</w>
            <gloss><q>hair</q></gloss><note type="comment"> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">drau-</w></mentioned></note></ref> etc. Therefore, <oRef>sird</oRef>
          can be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sidra-</w></mentioned> and
          bring together with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w>
            <gloss><q>wild</q></gloss></mentioned> with the inevitable loss of <c>-ž-</c> in this
          combination. The word <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>siždra-</w> in an Avestan text <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yt</title>
                <biblScope>VIII 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> is used next to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>auruna-</w>
            <gloss><q>wild</q></gloss></mentioned> (see Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærnæg"/>) as a semantically close item, if not a synonym: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><phr>aurunača
              nača gairišāčō siždrača ravasčarātō</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the beasts that live in the mountains and the
                wild animals that roam the plains</q></gloss></mentioned>. In another text
              (<bibl><title>Vd.</title>
            <biblScope>XIII 2</biblScope></bibl>), we find a combination <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>span-siždra-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wild dog</q></gloss></mentioned>. Thus, both
          from the phonetic and the semantic point of view, the comparison of Ossetic
            <oRef>syrd</oRef> | <oRef>sird</oRef> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w></mentioned> is faultless. Possibly also related is <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šarza</w>
            <gloss><q>fierce</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ferocious</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>furious</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">siždraka-</w> (or <w type="rec">syazdraka-</w>)</mentioned> → <w type="rec">šazdrag</w> → <w type="rec">šazra</w> → <w type="rec">šarza</w>. Another variant of
          this word, this time with the loss of <c>-r-</c>, is presented by <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>śśaysda-</w></mentioned>, <note type="comment">(</note><mentioned xml:lang="xtq"><lang/>) <gloss><q>śazda-</q></gloss>
            <gloss><q>snake</q></gloss></mentioned>. The cluster <c>-zdr-</c> turned out to be
          unstable everywhere: in Ossetian, it lost <c>z</c>, in Persian <c>d</c>, in Saka <c>r</c>.
          If one admits in Aryan the alternation <c>ś-</c> || <c>s-</c>, then these Iranian words
          are comparable to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>syandate</w>
            <gloss><q>run</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>move fast</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> is inclined to regard <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
            <oRef>sird</oRef> as a past participle from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>
            <gloss><q>drive away</q></gloss></ref>. In Digorsky, in this case, one would expect
            <w>surd</w>. The alternation <c>u</c> → <c>i</c> is difficult to explain here, given
          that the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>:
              <w>surd</w></ref> is common in Digor live language use. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Syrdon"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1958 XXI 532</biblScope></bibl> (to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
          </ref>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl> (to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>siždra-</w></mentioned>).</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>