<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tælm(æ)</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tælm6æ9" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230207T145045+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d2791e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tælm(æ)</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tælmæ</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tærmæ</orth></form></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2791e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>полоса</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>strip</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в частности, о полосах на теле от побоев)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (In particular, about the stripes on the body from
              the beatings)</note>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пласт</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>layer</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>обида</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>resentment</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>обидный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>offensive</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (по значению близко к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyg"><w>qyg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ǧulæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>ǧulæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_2"><w>xarʒ</w></ref></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (is close to the meaning of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyg"><w>qyg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ǧulæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
              <w>ǧulæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_2"><w>xarʒ</w></ref></note>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyr nadæj jæ bwar c’æx <oRef>tælmytæ</oRef>
              sbadtī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от сильных побоев его тело покрылось синими
                полосами (кровоподтеками)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his body was covered with blue stripes
                (bruises) from severe beatings</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(arv k˳y ferttīvy) wæd cyma arǧæwtty wæjyg
              zyng jæxsæj fevzīdy, ūjaw xoxæj xoxmæ syrx <oRef>tælm</oRef> abady</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(когда сверкнет молния) то от горы к горе
                пролегает красная полоса, как будто сказочный великан взмахнул огненной плетью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(when lightning flashes) then a red streak runs
                from mountain to mountain, as if a fabulous giant had swung a fiery whip</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>V 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">talingi <oRef>tælmitæ</oRef> mingigaj
              ærbaǧuzuncæ fijjawti bunatmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(вечером) сумеречные тени («полосы») понемногу
                подкрадываются к стоянке пастухов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(in the evening) dusky shadows ("stripes")
                slowly creep up on the shepherds' camp</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">c’asi ku nixxezaj, wæd æ buni es dorævzaluj
                <oRef>tælmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда спустишься в шахту, то там внизу есть
                пласт каменного угля</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when you go down into the mine, there's a seam
                of hard coal down there</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 18</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næbal e gærzæj erun <oRef>tærmittæ</oRef>
              raǧæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уже нельзя получать полосы (от побоев) ремнем
                на спине</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you can no longer get stripes (from beatings)
                with a belt on your back</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tælmæ</oRef> jæm ærkastī = qyg æm
              ærkastī, xarʒaw æm ærkastī</quote>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧulæg in adtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ему было обидно</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was offended</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (иногда с
              оттенком зависти)</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (sometimes with
              a tinge of envy)</note>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(læppū) saræzta xorj bæstyxæjttæ… ūj
                <oRef>tælmæ</oRef> ærkast jæ dywwæ ævsymærmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша построил хорошее жилище; это показалось
                обидно его двум братьям (они ему завидовали)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man built a good dwelling; this
                seemed to offend his two brothers (they were jealous of him)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 81</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">X˳yrymtæ fīdīs kænyn bajdydtoj Šaršatæn…
              Šaršatæn fīdīs <oRef>tælmæ</oRef> kæsyn bajdydta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хурумовы стали попрекать Шаршаевых; Шаршаевым
                стали обидны (эти) попреки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">The Khurumovs began to rebuke the Sharshayevs;
                the Sharshayevs were offended by (these) rebukes</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qyrym aly ʒyrd <oRef>tælmmæ</oRef>
              īsta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Кирим всякое слово принимал в обиду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kirim took offense at every word</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Форма <oRef>tærmæ</oRef> возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(s)tarman-</w></mentioned>, а форма <oRef>tælm(æ)</oRef> — к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(s)tarmi-</w></mentioned> (<c>r</c> → <c>l</c> под влиянием
            <c>i</c> в следующем слоге). Ближайшее соответствие — <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="gem"><lang/>
                <w type="rec">streman</w>, <w type="rec">striman</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
                <w>strimo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                <w>Striemen</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><lang/>
                <w>streimen</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>полоса</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>след на коже от удара</q>, <q>синяк</q>,
                  <q>рубец</q>, <q>кровоподтек</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><w>striemig</w>
              <gloss><q>исполосованный</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>II 1181</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. База — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ster-</w>
            <gloss><q>полоса</q>, <q>черта</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1028</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О скифо-германских
          изоглоссах см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>24—27, 131—133</biblScope></bibl>. — Менее вероятна связь с <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>*ter-</w>
            <gloss><q>тереть</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>τορμος</w>
            <gloss><q>отверстие</q></gloss></mentioned>). Значение <q>обида</q> — результат переноса
          из физической сферы в психическую: обида — психологический <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">синяк</q>. — С семантической стороны мало удачно
          сопоставление с <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>terminus</w>
            <gloss><q>пограничный камень</q>, <q>предел</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The form <oRef>tærmæ</oRef> is derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(s)tarman-</w></mentioned>, and the form <oRef>tælm(æ)</oRef> from
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(s)tarmi-</w></mentioned> (<c>r</c> → <c>l</c>
          under the impact of <c>i</c> in the next syllable). The closest correspondence is
                <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="gem"><lang/>
                <w type="rec">streman</w>, <w type="rec">striman</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
                <w>strimo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                <w>Striemen</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><lang/>
                <w>streimen</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>stripe</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trace on the skin from a blow</q>,
                  <q>bruise</q>, <q>wale</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><w>striemig</w>
              <gloss><q>covered with wales</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>II 1181</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The base is <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ster-</w>
            <gloss><q>strip</q>, <q>line</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1028</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. On the Scytho-Germanic
          isoglosses, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>24—27, 131—133</biblScope></bibl>. — The relation to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>*ter-</w>
            <gloss><q>to rub</q></gloss></mentioned>, etc. is less likely. (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>τορμος</w>
            <gloss><q>hole</q></gloss></mentioned>). The meaning of <q>resentment</q> is the result
          of a transfer from the physical to the mental sphere: resentment is a psychological <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bruise</q>. — On the semantic level, the comparison with
            <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>terminus</w>
            <gloss><q>a boundary stone</q>, <q>a limit</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
                <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> is not successful.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>