<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆrǧom</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7rǧom" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3047e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆrǧom</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d3047e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ærǧon</orth><form xml:id="form_d3047e71" type="variant"><orth>ærǧom</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3047e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d3047e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вязанка дров, хвороста</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>a bundle of firewood, brushwood</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3047e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ноша</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>burden</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3047e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>тюк</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>bale</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3047e102"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бремя</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>load</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; имеется в виду груз, носимый человеком на спине, в
          отличие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_warǧ"/>, означающего обычно вьюк, нагружаемый на
          животное. Д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lækʼæf"/> близко по значению к
            <oRef>ærǧom</oRef></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; this refers to a load carried by a person on his back,
          as opposed to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_warǧ"/>, which usually means saddlebag loaded
          on an animal. Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lækʼæf"/> is close in meaning to
            <oRef>ærǧom</oRef></note>
        <re xml:id="re_d3047e129">
          <form xml:id="form_d3047e131" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆrǧombast</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3047e134"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">связанный, как <oRef>ᵆrǧom</oRef></q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tied like <oRef>ᵆrǧom</oRef></q>
            </tr></sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (т. е. как вязанка, которую можно нести на
            спине)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (i. e, as a bundle that can be carried on your
            back)</note>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d3047e155">
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e157">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sūgtæ myn xæssis <oRef>ærǧomæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты носил бы мне дрова вязанками</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you’d bring me firewood in bundles</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e181">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dælæ de ʽvsymær cy <oRef>ʽrǧom</oRef>
              ysxæssy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон какую ношу несет вверх твой брат</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">see what a burden your brother is carrying</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e206">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūstytæ ugærdænmæ axastoj lægtæn axodæn,
              xalamærzæntæ æmæ mæqītæ dær <oRef>ærǧomæj</oRef> antʼyxtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">женщины отнесли мужчинам на покос завтрак,
                грабли и <oRef>mæqī</oRef> также потащили на спине</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the women carried breakfast to the men, which
                were mowing, they also dragged rakes and <oRef>mæqī</oRef> on their backs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e235">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wartæ qædæj ḱīdær raxæssy
              <oRef>ærǧom</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон из лесу кто-то несет вязанку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there’s someone carrying a bundle from the
                forest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e259">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævzalytæ <oRef>ʽrǧæmttæ</oRef> sbastoj æmæ sæ
              fæxæssync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">угли связали в тюки и несут их</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they have tied the coals into bales and are
                carrying them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 297</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e285">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw zærond ūs ærbacyd, ærtydta ʽxsælytæ,
                <oRef>ʽrǧom</oRef> sæ ʽskodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пришла одна старуха, нарвала можжевельнику,
                сделала из него вязанку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an old woman came, picked a juniper tree, made
                a bundle out of it</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T151612+0300" comment="так ок? или надо по-другому?"?><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Comaq"/><?oxy_comment_end ?>. <title>Wacmystæ</title>.
                <pubPlace>Ordzhonikidze</pubPlace>, <date>1959</date>, <biblScope>p.
              74</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3047e318" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ ewnægi mard… <oRef>ærǧombast</oRef>
              ærbakodta, Wællagiræmæ ʽj æ xæʒaræmæ raxasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она связала в тюк труп своего единственного
                (сына), понесла его в Уаллагир, домой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she tied up the corpse of her only (son) in a
                bale, carried him to Uallagir, home</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e349"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e644" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e350" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">grāma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e650" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e356" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">gremo-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>масса</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>груда</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>383</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, с обычным развитием <c>gr</c>
          → <c>rǧ</c>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e674" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e380" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>gram</w>
            <gloss><q>груз зерна на одного человека</q></gloss></mentioned>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
              <biblScope>1946–1948 XX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">3–4</hi>
            288</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e697" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e403" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w>ɣrām</w>
            <gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e713" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e419" xml:lang="xco"><w>rɣām</w>, <w>ᵃrɣām</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e718" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e424" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>grāmag</w>
            <gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
                <biblScope>20–21</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, может быть <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e737" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e443" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ɣrāmāk</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>γrʼmʼk</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>богатство</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Иначе:
                <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
              <biblScope>1944, стр. 139, прим. 5</biblScope></bibl>.</note> далее <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e764" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e467" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grāma-</w>
            <gloss><q>масса</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>толпа</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>люди</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>селение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сельское общество</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e489"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e787" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e490" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>grъmъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e792" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e495" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
              <w>громъ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>кустарник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e800" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e503" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>gramada</w>
            <gloss><q>куча дров</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ῦλη</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e811" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e514" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>громада</w>
            <gloss><q>масса</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>груда</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в диалектах также <gloss><q>мир</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>община</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сельское общество</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e837" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e540" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>громада</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e842" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e545" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
            <w>gramáda</w>
            <gloss><q>груда</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вязанка дров</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e853" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e556" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>gramañtas</w>
            <gloss><q>глыба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e862" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e565" xml:lang="lt"><w>grāmatas</w>
            <gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e868" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e571" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>krāmār</w>
            <gloss><q>груз</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e876" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e579" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>gremium</w>
            <gloss><q>лоно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>горсть</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>сноп</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Связь значений <q>груз</q>, <q>ноша</q> →
            <q>люди</q>, <q>народ</q> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e905" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e602" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grama-</w></mentioned>) находит прекрасную параллель в кельтском:
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e607"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e911" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e608" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
              <w>lucht</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e916" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e613" xml:lang="cy"><lang/>
              <w>llwyth</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>груз</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ноша</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>толпа</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>народ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>племя</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope>стр.
          325</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e643"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e350" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e644" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">grāma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e356" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e650" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">gremo-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>mass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>383</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, with the regular development
            <c>gr</c> → <c>rǧ</c>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e380" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e674" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>gram</w>
            <gloss><q>grain cargo per person</q></gloss></mentioned>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
              <biblScope>1946–1948 XX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">3–4</hi>
            288</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e403" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e697" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w>ɣrām</w>
            <gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e419" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e713" xml:lang="xco"><w>rɣām</w>, <w>ᵃrɣām</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e424" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e718" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>grāmag</w>
            <gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
                <biblScope>20–21</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, maybe <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e443" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e737" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ɣrāmāk</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>γrʼmʼk</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>wealth</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220604T093543+0300" comment="ok?"?>Differently<?oxy_comment_end ?>:
                <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
              <biblScope>1944, p. 139, fn. 5</biblScope></bibl>.</note> further <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e467" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e764" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grāma-</w>
            <gloss><q>mass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crowd</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>people</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>village</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rural society</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e786"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e490" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e787" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>grъmъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e495" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e792" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
              <w>gromъ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>shrub</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e503" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e800" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>gramada</w>
            <gloss><q>a lot of firewood</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ῦλη</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e514" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e811" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>gromada</w>
            <gloss><q>mass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in dialects also <gloss><q>world</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>community</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rural society</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e540" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e837" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>hromada</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e545" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e842" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
            <w>gramáda</w>
            <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bundle of firewood</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e556" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e853" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>gramañtas</w>
            <gloss><q>block</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e565" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e862" xml:lang="lt"><w>grāmatas</w>
            <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e571" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e868" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>krāmār</w>
            <gloss><q>cargo</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e579" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e876" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>gremium</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220604T093743+0300" comment="?"?>womb<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>handsul</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sheaf</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
          relation of meanings
            <q><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220604T093835+0300" comment="? не знаю ок ли здесь везде cargo вместо груза))"?>cargo<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>,
            <q>burden</q> → <q>people</q>, <q>nation</q> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e602" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e905" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grama-</w></mentioned>) finds a beautiful parallel in Celtic: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3047e910"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e608" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e911" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
              <w>lucht</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3047e613" xml:id="mentioned_d3047e916" xml:lang="cy"><lang/>
              <w>llwyth</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>cargo</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burden</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crowd</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>people</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>tribe</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope>p. 325</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>