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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmæ</w></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_æmæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T134615+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5843e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmæ</orth>
                    <form xml:id="form_d5843e68" type="variant"><orth>ymæ</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d5843e70" type="variant"><orth>mæ</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5843e73" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æma</orth>
                    <form xml:id="form_d5843e75" type="variant"><orth>ma</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5843e78">
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>и</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>and</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">союз</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">conjunction</note>
                </sense>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5843e92">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">иногда</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">sometimes</note>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5843e93">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>но</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>but</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5843e102">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>чтобы</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>so that</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5843e111">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>что</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>that</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5843e125">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e127">
                        <quote>rūvas <oRef>æmæ</oRef> zyǧaræg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>лиса и барсук</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>fox and badger</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e146">
                        <quote>sag <oRef>æmæ</oRef> wyzyn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>олень и еж</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>deer and hedgehog</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e165" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fus æma sæǧæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>овца и коза</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>sheep and goat</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
                            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e187">
                        <quote>fat <oRef>æmæ</oRef> ’rdyn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>стрела и лук</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>arrow and bow</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e202" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Soslani mælæt <oRef>æma</oRef> Ojnoni calx</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>смерть Сослана и колесо Ойнона</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the death of Soslan and the wheel of Oynon</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 18</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e225" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>osæ ma læg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жена и муж</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>wife and husband</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
                            <biblScope>1<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e247">
                        <quote>fīzonægmæ kæs, <oRef>æmæ</oRef> ma basūʒa</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>смотри за шашлыком, чтобы он не обгорел</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>watch the shish kebab so that it does not burn</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e262">
                        <quote>zæǧ yn, <oRef>æmæ</oRef> racæwa</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>скажи ему, чтобы он вышел</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>tell him to go out</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5843e277">
                        <quote>xatyn æm, <oRef>æmæ</oRef> næ komy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>я уговариваю его, но он не соглашается</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I am persuading him, but he does not agree</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Одного происхождения с префиксом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>. Как видно из сравнения с другими
                    иранскими языками, первоначально означал <gloss><q>также</q></gloss> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>ars æmæ bīræǧ</phr>
                        <gloss>собственно <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">медведь также
                            волк</q></gloss></mentioned>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e489" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e298" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>am</w>
                        <gloss><q>также</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e497" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e306" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>әm</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e502" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e311" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w>, <w>am</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                                    <biblScope>I 259</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e512" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e321" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                                    <biblScope>II 223</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e521" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e330" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                            <w>hum</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                                    <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e530" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e339" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>также</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e538" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e347" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>häm</w>
                        <gloss><q>также</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>и</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Употребление <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e538" xml:lang="ku"><w>häm</w></mentioned> в курдском зачастую ничем не
                        отличается от <oRef>æmæ</oRef> в осетинском.</note>
                    <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e553" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e362" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w>
                        <gloss><q>также</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тоже</q></gloss>,
                            <gloss><q>и</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тот же</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e579" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e388" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w>
                        <gloss><q>точно так же</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вместе с тем</q></gloss>,
                                <gloss><q>тот же самый</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e600" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e409" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                            <w>hama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e605" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e414" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>hama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e610" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e419" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>samá-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>тот же самый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e618" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e427" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>самый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e627" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e433" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>sama</w>
                        <gloss><q>тот же самый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e635" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e441" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἅμα</w>
                        <gloss><q>вместе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e643" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e449" xml:lang="grc"><w>ὁμός</w>
                        <gloss><q>одинаковый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e649" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e455" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>similis</w>
                        <gloss><q>подобный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Первоначальное значение
                    индоевропейского корня <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sem</w> —
                                <gloss><q>один</q></gloss></mentioned>. Осетинский удержал на этот
                    раз, а в дигорском даже усилил конечный гласный, чему способствовала несомненно
                    ранняя редукция начального гласного (<lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                    <oRef>mа</oRef>, ср. ударение в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e657" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e463" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>samá-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e662" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e468" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ὁμός</w></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 167</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Has the same origin as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>. As can be seen from comparison with other Iranian
                    languages, the original sense of this word was <gloss><q>also</q></gloss>
                        (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>ars æmæ bīræǧ</phr>
                        <gloss>literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bear also
                            wolf</q></gloss></mentioned>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e489" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>am</w>
                        <gloss><q>also</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e497" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>әm</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e502" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w>, <w>am</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                                    <biblScope>I 259</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e512" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                                    <biblScope>II 223</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e521" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                            <w>hum</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                                    <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e530" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                            <w>ham</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>also</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e538" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>häm</w>
                        <gloss><q>also</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>and</q></gloss></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">The use of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e538" xml:lang="ku"><w>häm</w></mentioned> in Kurdish is often no different
                        from <oRef>æmæ</oRef> in Ossetic.</note>
                    <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e553" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w>
                        <gloss><q>also</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>too</q></gloss>,
                            <gloss><q>and</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>same</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e579" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>ham</w>
                        <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240208T134351+0300" comment="is this really the MP meaning?"?>in
                                the same way<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                            <gloss><q>moreover</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>same</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e600" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                            <w>hama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e605" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>hama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e610" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>samá-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>same</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e618" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>samyj</w>
                        <gloss><q>same, the most</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e627" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w>sama</w>
                        <gloss><q>same</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e635" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἅμα</w>
                        <gloss><q>together</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e643" xml:lang="grc"><w>ὁμός</w>
                        <gloss><q>same</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e649" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>similis</w>
                        <gloss><q>similar</q></gloss></mentioned>. The original meaning of the
                    Indo-European root <w type="rec">sem</w> is <gloss><q>one</q></gloss>. The
                    Ossetic language has retained (and even strengthened in Digor) the final vowel,
                    which was undoubtedly facilitated by the early reduction of the initial vowel
                        (<lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                    <oRef>mа</oRef>, cf. the stress in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e463" xml:id="mentioned_d5843e657" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>samá-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5843e662" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ὁμός</w></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>III 167</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
                        <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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