<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ræs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_ræs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4371e66" type="lemma"><orth>ræs</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4371e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>напильник</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>file</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ardwan"><w>ardwan</w>
            <gloss><q>рашпиль</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ardwan"><w>ardwan</w>
            <gloss><q>rasp file</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4371e95">
          <example xml:id="example_d4371e97">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe rajdydta ḱyrynæj īsyn læǧzgænæntæ,
              sartytæ, <oRef>ræs</oRef>, ʒæbūg, cæfxady zærædtæ, alyx˳yzon zægæltæ… ardwan
              næj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бабе стал доставать из сундука рубанки, долота,
                напильник, молоток, старые подковы, всевозможные гвозди… рашпиля нет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe began to get planes, chisels, a file, a
                hammer, old horseshoes, all kinds of nails from the chest … there was no rasp
                file</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4371e117" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ræsti</oRef>
              <oRef>ræs</oRef> de ʽnsojnæ ku waidæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да будет точилом у тебя напильник из
                напильников</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let your sharpener be the (best) file of
                files</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e408" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e148" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rastra-</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из <w type="rec">rad-tra-</w></note></mentioned> от
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e417" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e157" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ra(n)d-</w>
            <gloss><q>делать гладким</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шлифовать</q></gloss></mentioned>; см.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rændun"/>. Ср. этимологически и по образованию <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e429" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e169" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>rastrum</w>
            <gloss><q>мотыга</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из <w type="rec">rad-tro-m</w></note></mentioned> от
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e442" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e182" xml:lang="la"><w>rado</w>
            <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss></mentioned> (=ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rændun"/>). Формант
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T113948+0300" comment="ок? иран"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e452" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e192" xml:lang="ira"><m>-tra-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<m>-θra-</m>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e461" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e201" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m>-tro-</m></mentioned> охотно использовался для названия инструментов (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi>, §§ 252–253, 488</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
            <biblScope>II § 517</biblScope></bibl>); ср. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w>
            <gloss><q>мера зерна</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"><w>wædært</w>
            <gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w>
            <gloss><q>долото</q></gloss></ref>. Группа <c>str</c> упрощается в осетинском в
          <c>s</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xwasæ</w>
            <gloss><q>сено</q></gloss></ref>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T114714+0300" comment="не знаю, надо ли все эти &quot;из…&quot; запихивать внутрь рефа"?>из<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e525" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e257" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hu-vāstra-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daræs"><w>daræs</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">dar-wæs</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>одежда</q></gloss></ref> из
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T114454+0300" comment="ok? иран mntnd"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e543" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e274" xml:lang="ira"><w>dār-</w></mentioned> плюс <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e546" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e277" xml:lang="ira"><w>vastra-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">silæ</w>
            <gloss><q>женщина</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e559" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e291" xml:lang="ira"><w>stri-</w></mentioned> (с наращением <m>-l</m> | <m>-læ</m>). — Из аланского идет
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4371e298"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e568" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e299" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
              <w>reszel</w>
              <gloss><q>пилить напильником</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e576" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e307" xml:lang="hu"><w>reszelö</w>
              <gloss><q>напильник</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>. <title>Ösi magyar
                  szerszámnevek</title>. <pubPlace>Magyar Nyelvör</pubPlace>, <date>1933</date>,
                  <biblScope>стр. 68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Вероятно, сюда же
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e596" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e327" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
            <w>ras</w>
            <gloss><q>пила</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Русско-дарг. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>Махачкала</pubPlace>, <date>1950</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                900</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4371e347"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e617" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e348" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>urs</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(мн. ч. <w>arsaš</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e627" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e358" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>urs</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(с метатезой <w>ræs</w> → <w>ars</w>, <w>urs</w>, так
              как чечено-ингушский избегает начального <c>r-</c>: ср. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræǧ"/> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e648" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e379" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                <w>argha</w>
                <gloss><q>очередь</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_1"/> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e658" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e389" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                <w>urx</w>
                <gloss><q>поводья</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_АВСв."/>
            <biblScope>532</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Regularly traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e148" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e408" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rastra-</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <w type="rec">rad-tra-</w></note></mentioned>
          from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e157" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e417" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ra(n)d-</w>
            <gloss><q>make smooth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>grind</q></gloss></mentioned>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rændun"/>. Cf. etymologically and derivationally <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e169" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e429" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>rastrum</w>
            <gloss><q>hoe</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <w type="rec">rad-tro-m</w></note></mentioned>
          from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e182" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e442" xml:lang="la"><w>rado</w>
            <gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss></mentioned> (= Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rændun"/>). A formant
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T113948+0300" comment="ок? иран"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e192" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e452" xml:lang="ira"><m>-tra-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<m>-θra-</m>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e201" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e461" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m>-tro-</m></mentioned> was
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220613T110850+0300" comment="?"?>eagerly<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          used to name the instruments (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi>, §§ 252–253, 488</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
            <biblScope>II § 517</biblScope></bibl>); cf. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w>
            <gloss><q>measure of grain</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"><w>wædært</w>
            <gloss><q>spinner</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w>
            <gloss><q>chisel</q></gloss></ref>. The group <c>str</c> is simplified in Ossetic <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220613T110948+0300" comment="?"?>in<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <c>s</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xwasæ</w>
            <gloss><q>hay</q></gloss></ref>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T114714+0300" comment="не знаю, надо ли все эти &quot;из…&quot; запихивать внутрь рефа"?>from<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e525" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hu-vāstra-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daræs"><w>daræs</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <w type="rec">dar-wæs</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>clothes</q></gloss></ref> from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220520T114454+0300" comment="ok? иран mntnd"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e274" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e543" xml:lang="ira"><w>dār-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e277" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e546" xml:lang="ira"><w>vastra-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">silæ</w>
            <gloss><q>woman</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e291" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e559" xml:lang="ira"><w>stri-</w></mentioned> (with the augmented <m>-l</m> | <m>-læ</m>). — From Alanic
          there is <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4371e567"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e299" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e568" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
              <w>reszel</w>
              <gloss><q>file (v.)</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e307" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e576" xml:lang="hu"><w>reszelö</w>
              <gloss><q>file (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>. <title>Ösi magyar
                  szerszámnevek</title>. <pubPlace>Magyar Nyelvör</pubPlace>, <date>1933</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Probably, the following
          words are also related: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e327" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e596" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
            <w>ras</w>
            <gloss><q>saw</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Russko-darginskij slovarʼ</title> [Russian-Dargwa
                  dictionary]
                <pubPlace>Makhachkala</pubPlace>, <date>1950</date>, <biblScope>p.
                900</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4371e616"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e348" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e617" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>urs</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(plural <w>arsaš</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e358" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e627" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>urs</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>knife</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(with metathesis <w>ræs</w> → <w>ars</w>, <w>urs</w>,
              since Chechen-Ingush avoids the initial <c>r-</c>: cf. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræǧ"/> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e379" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e648" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                <w>argha</w>
                <gloss><q>queue</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_1"/> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4371e389" xml:id="mentioned_d4371e658" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                <w>urx</w>
                <gloss><q>reins</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_АВСв."/>
            <biblScope>532</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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