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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaz</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zaz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2879e66" type="lemma"><orth>zaz</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">название дерева —</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">name of the tree –</note>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2879e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>тис</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>yew</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Taxus baccata</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Taxus baccata</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ветки его играли роль в поминальном обряде (см. ниже
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zazxæssæn"/>), в христианский период название применялось
          также к вербе, <q>Salix acutifolia</q></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; its branches played a role in the funeral ceremony (see
          below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zazxæssæn"/>), in the Christian period, the name was
          also applied to the willow, <q>Salix acutifolia</q></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zaz</oRef> bælas komræbyn xībaræj
              zad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дерево-тисс росло одиноко у подножья ущелья</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a yew tree grew lonely at the foot of the
                gorge</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1961 II 63</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Ботанический термин, широко распространенный на иранской почве и на
          Кавказе. Применяется в разных языках к различным растениям. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>žāž</w>
            <gloss><q>вид чертополоха или вереска</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>,
                <gloss><q>жесткая трава</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/></bibl>)</note>, 1.
                <gloss><q>верблюжья колючка</q><note type="comment"> (<q>Alhagi
                camelorun</q>)</note></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>чертополох</q><note type="comment">
                  (<q>Carduus</q>)</note>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Рубинчик"/></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zāz</w>
            <gloss><q>сорная трава</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-vanj"><lang>вандж.</lang>
            <w>žuž</w>
            <gloss><q>боярышник</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
                <biblScope>892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysāyza-</w>
            <note type="comment">(= <w>zāza-</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>трава</q></gloss></mentioned>. На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>žaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>ʒeʒvi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>danʒi</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
              <biblScope>234–235</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>zazuna</w>
            <gloss><q>боярышник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="agx ani"><lang>авар., анд., агул.</lang>
            <w>zaz</w>
            <gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>zez</w>
            <gloss><q>лиственница</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="akv"><lang/>
            <w>žaža</w>
            <gloss><q>шиповник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>saz</w>, <w>caʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>zanze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe" extralang="aqc udi"><lang/>
              <w>ccac</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
                <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
              <w>ʒaʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>zä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
              <w>zajä</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>кизил</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шагиров._Этим._сл."/>
                <biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Не вызывает сомнения иранское
          происхождение. <name>Szemerényi</name> связывает с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dužaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>еж</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<w>dužaku-</w> ← <w type="rec">žužaka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žažuka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žaža-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>γaž</w>
            <gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">geǵ(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">gaǵ(h)-</w></mentioned>). Сходное толкование у
            <name>Bailey</name>. С семантической стороны здесь все благополучно, но фонетические
          трудности значительны. Нет сомнения, что в этимологических поисках надо ориентироваться на
          значения <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">колючий</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">шершавый</q> и т. п. Именно к таким растениям применяется обычно занимающее нас
          наименование. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            (<biblScope>445</biblScope>)</bibl> дает две индоевропейские базы: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghers-</w></mentioned> in Unkrautbezeichnungen</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghērs-</w></mentioned> Stacheltier</q>. Перед нами несомненно два варианта одной базы
          со значением <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">колючий</q> в применении то к растениям, то
          к животным. В этом случае <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>žāž</w></mentioned> можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zārša-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ǵhērso-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zarš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>harš-</w>
            <gloss><q>ерошиться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>щетиниться</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
            <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>ziẓ̌</w>
            <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шершавый</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. За пределами арийского:
            <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>gar̃sas</w>, <w>garšvà</w>
            <gloss><q>дягиль</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Angelica</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>gìrsa</w>
            <gloss><q>костер</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Bromus</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>gers</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Giersch</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>сныть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Aegopodium</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>hirsutus</w>
            <gloss><q>взъерошенный</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang>Сак.</lang>
            <w>ysāysa-</w></mentioned> идет в этом случае из пехлевийского. В языки Кавказа, в том
          числе в осетинский, слово вошло, очевидно, в конечном счете из
              персидского.<lb/><bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Вопросы иранской и общей
              филологии</title>, <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              231–234</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A botanical term widely used in Iranian
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135017+0300" comment="???? почва дурацкая"?>languages<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          and in the Caucasus. It is used in different languages to refer to different plants. Cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>žāž</w>
            <gloss><q>type of thistle or heather</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>,
                <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135054+0300" comment="?"?>hard<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                grass</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/></bibl>)</note>, 1.
                <gloss><q>camel-thorn</q><note type="comment"> (<q>Alhagi
              camelorun</q>)</note></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>thistle</q><note type="comment">
                  (<q>Carduus</q>)</note>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Рубинчик"/></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zāz</w>
            <gloss><q>weed grass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-vanj"><lang/>
            <w>žuž</w>
            <gloss><q>hawthorn</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
                <biblScope>892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysāyza-</w>
            <note type="comment">(= <w>zāza-</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>grass</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>žaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>ʒeʒvi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>danʒi</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
              <biblScope>234–235</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>zazuna</w>
            <gloss><q>hawthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="agx ani"><lang>Avar, Andi, Aghul</lang>
            <w>zaz</w>
            <gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>zez</w>
            <gloss><q>larch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="akv"><lang/>
            <w>žaža</w>
            <gloss><q>rose hip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>saz</w>, <w>caʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>zanze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe" extralang="aqc udi"><lang/>
              <w>ccac</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
                <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
              <w>ʒaʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>zä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
              <w>zajä</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>dogwood</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шагиров._Этим._сл."/>
                <biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is undoubtedly of Iranian
          origin. <name>Szemerényi</name> associates it with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dužaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>hedgehog</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<w>dužaku-</w> ← <w type="rec">žužaka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žažuka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žaža-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>γaž</w>
            <gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">geǵ(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">gaǵ(h)-</w></mentioned>). A similar
          interpretation is made by <name>Bailey</name>. From the semantic point of view, everything
          is fine here, but the phonetic difficulties are significant. There is no doubt that in
          etymological searches one must be guided by the meanings <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thorny</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rough</q> etc. It is to such plants that
          the name under discussion is usually applied. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/> (<biblScope>445</biblScope>)</bibl> gives two Indo-European bases: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghers-</w></mentioned> in Unkrautbezeichnungen</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghērs-</w></mentioned> Stacheltier</q>. We have before us, undoubtedly, two variants
          of one base with the meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">prickly</q> applied either
          to plants or to animals. In this case <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>žāž</w></mentioned> can be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zārša-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ǵhērso-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zarš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>harš-</w>
            <gloss><q>ruffle</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bristle</q></gloss></mentioned>. See here also
            <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>ziẓ̌</w>
            <gloss><q>hard</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rough</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Beyond Aryan: <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>gar̃sas</w>, <w>garšvà</w>
            <gloss><q>angelica</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Angelica</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>gìrsa</w>
            <gloss><q>bonfire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Bromus</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>gers</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Giersch</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135919+0300" comment="? много вариантов названий"?>herb
                gerard<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Aegopodium</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>hirsutus</w>
            <gloss><q>disheveled</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysāysa-</w></mentioned> comes in this case from Pahlavi. In the languages of the
          Caucasus, including Ossetic, the word entered, obviously, ultimately from
              Persian.<lb/><bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Voprosy iranskoj i obščej
              filologii [Issues of Iranian and general philology]</title>,
              <pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>, <biblScope>p.
            231–234</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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