<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">særak</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_særak" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d670e66" type="lemma"><orth>særak</orth></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d670e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>тонкая мягкая кожа, выделываемая из козьих, реже овечьих и телячьих шкур</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>thin soft leather made from goat, less often from sheep and calf skins</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/> id. Широко
          применялась в прошлом для изготовления легкой обуви (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒabyr"/>), кожаных носков (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mes"/>), ноговиц (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zængoj"/>), а также для обивки седел (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarǧ"/>)</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/> id. It was widely
          used in the past for making light shoes (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒabyr"/>), leather
          socks (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mes"/>), gaiters (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zængoj"/>), and also for upholstering saddles (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarǧ"/>)</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> ʒabyr sylty daræs ū; mænæn mæ ærkʼī —
              mæ daræs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сафьянные чувяки — женская обувь; моя обувь —
                (это) мои <emph>арчи</emph></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morocco slippers are woman shoes; my shoes are
                my <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærḱʼī"><emph>archi</emph></ref></q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">
              <emph>арчи</emph> — рабочая обувь горцев из грубой кожи.</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">
              the <emph>archi</emph> are work shoes of mountaineers made from rough leather.</note>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fælmæn <oRef>særak</oRef> syrx
              zængæjttæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">красные ноговицы из мягкого сафьяна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">red gaiters from soft morocco</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
              <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wyngæg <oRef/> ʒabyr...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тесный сафьянный чувяк...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a tight morocco slipper...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> ma ferox kæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не забудь (купить в городе) сафьян</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't forget (to buy in the town) morocco</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qædabæǧ˳yz fælmæn kærdægyl kæny <oRef/> ʒabyr
              syrsyr</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на бархатной мягкой траве скользит с шуршаньем
                сафьянный чувяк</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a morocco slipper slides with rustling on
                velvet soft grass</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 19</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppūty qalgænæn <oRef>særak</oRef>
              zængæittæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сафьянные ноговицы — предмет щегольства молодых
                людей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morocco gaiters are the object of young men's
                panache</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1962 VII 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zængæjttæ kodtoj fæsmynæj kænæ
                <oRef>særakæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ноговицы делали из (домашнего) сукна или
                сафьяна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] made gaiters from (homemade) cloth or
                morocco</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj sarǧy kʼ˳ydyr ræsuǧddær æmæ fīdardær
              wa, ūj tyxxæj jyl æddejæ banyxasync <oRef>særakæj</oRef> cʼar</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чтобы седельный арчак был красивее и прочнее,
                на него наклеивают оболочку из сафьяна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">so that a saddle frame would be nicer and
                stronger, they stick a shell from morocco on it</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sarǧy baz aræzt væjjy <oRef>særakæj</oRef>,
              jæ x˳ylfy fyldær saǵy q˳yn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">седельная подушка делается из сафьяна, внутри
                ее обычно — оленья шерсть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a saddle cushion is made from morocco, inside
                of it there is usually deer wool</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Предметы материальной культуры назызаются нередко по тому месту, откуда
          они получаются; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsk0y"/>
          <gloss><q>сорт кожи</q></gloss> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Mæsk˳y</w>
            <gloss><q>Москва</q></gloss></mentioned>, д. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran
              (salæ)</w>
            <gloss><q>сорт сафьяна</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>Tahrān</w>
            <gloss><q>Тегеран</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>maroquin</w>
            <gloss><q>сафьян</q></gloss> от <w>Maroc</w>
            <gloss><q>Марокко</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>cuprum</w>
            <gloss><q>медь</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>Kύπρος</w>
            <gloss><q>Кипр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>mědь</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>Mῆδοι</w>, <w>Mιδία</w>
            <gloss><q>Мидия</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. Главным поставщиком сафьяна на
          кавказские рынки была с давних пор Персия (ср. выше <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahrān</w>
            <gloss><q>Тегеран</q></gloss></mentioned>). Возможно, что и в ос. <oRef/> скрывается
          персидский топоним <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Särāx</w></mentioned>, название области в
          Хорасане, славившейся овечьими шкурами. Соблазнительно и сближение с другим топонимом —
            <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned> — название степи в Кахетии (Восточная
          Грузия) между долинами рек Иоры и Алазани. Сюда на зимние пастбища пригоняли свои стада
          тушины, дагестанцы, азербайджанцы (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Лисовский</author>.
              <title>Закавказье, I</title>. <pubPlace>Тифлис</pubPlace>, <date>1896</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 49—50</biblScope></bibl>). Название
          <oRef/> (→ <foreign>širak</foreign>) могло относиться к породе овец или коз, шкуры которых
          шли на выделку сафьяна (об изготовлении сафьяна в самом Шираке нет сведений). Мало
          вероятна связь осетинского слова с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>šaγri</w>
            <gloss><q>шагрень</q></gloss></mentioned> (откуда окончание <m>-ak</m>?). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/><note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang>Согд.</lang>
              <note type="comment">(из Муга)</note>
              <w>srʼkh</w></mentioned> издатели считают предположительно производным от <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sr-</w>
              <gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
              <biblScope>III 51, 52, 53, 128</biblScope></bibl>). Однако в контексте речь идет об
            обуви, и значение <gloss><q>кожа</q></gloss> (сорт кожи) не исключается. В этом случае
            слово восходило бы по меньшей мере к среднеиранскому периоду. Пока не прояснится
            значение и этимология согдийского слова, трудно что-либо утверждать.</note>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Items of material culture are often called in accordance with the place,
          where they are produced; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsk0y"/>
          <gloss><q>kind of leather</q></gloss> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Mæsk˳y</w>
            <gloss><q>Moscow</q></gloss></mentioned>, Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran (salæ)</w>
            <gloss><q>kind of morocco</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>Tahrān</w>
            <gloss><q>Tehran</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>maroquin</w>
            <gloss><q>morocco</q></gloss> from <w>Maroc</w>
            <gloss><q>Morocco</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>cuprum</w>
            <gloss><q>copper</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>Kύπρος</w>
            <gloss><q>Cyprus</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>mědь</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>Mῆδοι</w>, <w>Mιδία</w>
            <gloss><q>Media</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The main supplier of morocco on Caucasian
          markets since ancient times was Persia (cf. above <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahrān</w>
            <gloss><q>Tehran</q></gloss></mentioned>). It is possible that the Persian toponym
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Särāx</w></mentioned>, the name of an area in Khorasan,
          which was famous for sheep skins, is hidden in Ossetic <oRef/>. The assosiation of this
          word with other toponym — <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned>, the name of
          the steppe in Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) between valleys of the rivers Iori and Alazani, is
          also tempting. Here Tushetians, Daghestanians, Azerbaijanians drove their herds to winter
          pastures (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Lisovskij</author>. <title>Zakavkaz'e</title> [Transcaucasia], 
            I. <pubPlace>Tiflis</pubPlace>, <date>1896</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 49—50</biblScope></bibl>). The name <oRef/> (→ <foreign>širak</foreign>)
          could refer to the breed of sheep or goats, which skins were used for making morocco
          (there is no information about making morocco in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned> itself). The connection of Ossetic word with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>šaγri</w>
            <gloss><q>shagreen</q></gloss></mentioned> is unlikely (where does the ending <m>-ak</m>
          come from?). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/><note type="footnote">The publishers
            consider <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
              <w>srʼkh</w></mentioned> to be apparently derived from <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sr-</w>
              <gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
              <biblScope>III 51, 52, 53, 128</biblScope></bibl>). But in the context it concerns
            shoes, and the meaning <gloss><q>leather</q></gloss> (kind of leather) isn't excluded.
            In this case the word would trace back to, at least, to Middle Iranian period. Until the
            meaning and etymology of the Sogdian word are not clarified, it is difficult to say
            anything.</note>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>