<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xafyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xafyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4534e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xafyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xaft</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xafun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xaft</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4534e69">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>тереть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to rub</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>скрести</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to scrape</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>скоблить</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to plane</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>драть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to tear</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> образно также </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> metaphorically also </note>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хапать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to grab</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>красть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to steal</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xafyna</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворюга</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thief</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>хапуга</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>grabber</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
          <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>nyxxafyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разорить</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to bring to ruin</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>истребить</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to destroy</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xafæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребло</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> scraping knife</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>скребок</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>scraper</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>aryngxafæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лопаточка для очистки мучного корыта</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">small spade for cleaning a flour trough</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>bæxxafæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребница для лошади</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scrubbing brush for a horse</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>cærxafæn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребок для очистки шкуры перед дублением</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scraper for cleaning a skin before tanning</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <w>carm-xafæn</w>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"/>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <w>carm-xafæn</w>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"/>)</note>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īskæj ḱʼīzītæ <oRef>xafyn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скоблить чужую грязь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to scrape someone's mud</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw fyr jæ fæxsyn wæǧd yzmæld bakodta æmæ
              kawyl jæ sytæ <oRef>xafgæ</oRef> racyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черный баран слегка шевельнул курдюком и пошел,
                потираясь рогами о плетень</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a black ram moved its fatty tail slightly and
                went, rubbing his horns on a wattle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1956</date>
              <biblScope>V 8</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūr jæxī zæxxyl <oRef>xafta</oRef>, axæm bon
              yskodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце терлось о землю (ярко светило), такой
                выдался день</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun rubbed on the ground (shined brightly),
                it was that kind of a day</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærʒyngænæg aryng aryngxafænæj
                <oRef>raxafy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пекущая хлеб (женщина) скребет мучное корыто
                лопаточкой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a baking bread (woman) scrapes a flour trough
                with a spade</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1969</date>
              <biblScope>I 79</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">buntæj buntæmæ <oRef>nixxafæ</oRef> du eci
              sinon, Poco</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">до самого дна хапни (выпей) этот кубок,
                Поцо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grab (drihk) this goblet to the very bottom,
                Potso</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæj tuxxæj <oRef>nixxafta</oRef> bijnontæj ke
              nijjafta oni?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за что истребил он тех из домочадцев, кого
                застал?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for which did he destroyed people of the
                household that he found?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
              <biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В глаголе <oRef/> (так же как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
            <gloss><q>ткать</q></gloss></ref>) фонему <c>f</c> следует возводить к <c>bh</c>, имея в
          виду индоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">(s)kābh-</w></mentioned>
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>931</biblScope></bibl>). С семантической стороны всего ближе стоят
          европейские соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>skafa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>scafan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>skaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>scaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>schaben</w>
            <gloss><q>тереть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>скоблить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>skafa</w>
            <gloss><q>скребло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>skabýti</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обрывать</q></gloss>, <w>skõbti</w>
            <gloss>рвать’</gloss>, <gloss><q>драть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>скоблить</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>scabo</w>, <w>scabere</w>
            <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>чесать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дальше по
          значению стоят <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>kāftan</w>, <w>šikāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>škāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>kāf-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
            <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kāf-</w> (<w>kʼβ-</w>) <gloss><q>раскалывать</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
            <biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>xaf-</w>
            <gloss><q>мыть голову</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">скрести</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>, <biblScope>текст II 3</biblScope></bibl>). Близкие по звучанию и значению слова в
          неродственных языках наводят на мысль о звукоизобразительной природе. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>kapar-</w>
            <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скоблить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>kaapata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>kap-</w> (<w>qap-</w>) <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss> (руками, зубами)</mentioned>. В
          этом случае сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>chapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>хапать</w></mentioned>. Общеиндоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xā̌b(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">xā̌p-</w>
            <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. восстанавливает
              <bibl><author>Merlingen</author> (<title>Idg. X: Die Sprache</title>
            <date>1958</date>
            <biblScope>IV 54—55</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">In the verb <oRef/> (just as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to weave</q></gloss></ref>) one should trace the phoneme <c>f</c>  back to
            <c>bh</c>, concerning the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">(s)kābh-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>931</biblScope></bibl>). From the semantic side the closest are European
          correspondences: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>skafa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>scafan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>skaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>scaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>schaben</w>
            <gloss><q>to rub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
              plane</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>skafa</w>
            <gloss><q>scraper</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>skabýti</w>
            <gloss><q>to tear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to break off</q></gloss>, <w>skõbti</w>
            <gloss>to tear</gloss>, <gloss><q>to rip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>skoblit'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>scabo</w>, <w>scabere</w>
            <gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scratch</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further
          in meaning are <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>kāftan</w>, <w>šikāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>škāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>kāf-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
            <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kāf-</w> (<w>kʼβ-</w>) <gloss><q>to split</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
            <biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>xaf-</w>
            <gloss><q>to wash a head</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">to
                rub</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>,
              <biblScope>text II 3</biblScope></bibl>). Phonetically and semantically close words in
          unrelated languages bring to mind that these words may have an ideophonic nature. Cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>kapar-</w>
            <gloss><q>to rub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>kaapata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>kap-</w> (<w>qap-</w>) <gloss><q>to grab</q></gloss> (with hands, with
            teeth)</mentioned>. In this case, one should also mention <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>chapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>xapat'</w></mentioned>. The common Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xā̌b(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">xā̌p-</w>
            <gloss><q>to grab</q></gloss></mentioned>, etc. is reconstructed by
              <bibl><author>Merlingen</author> (<title>Idg. X: Die Sprache</title>
            <date>1958</date>
            <biblScope>IV 54—55</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
      </entry>
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