<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zægæl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zægæl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3557e66" type="lemma"><orth>zægæl</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3557e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>гвоздь</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>nail</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasæn"><w>zægællasæn</w>
            <gloss><q>клещи</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
            <biblScope>245<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>), ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arkʼaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arǧævnæ"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasæn"><w>zægællasæn</w>
            <gloss><q>pliers</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
            <biblScope>245<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>), cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arkʼaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arǧævnæ"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cægærsær <oRef>zægæltæ</oRef> kʼ˳yrgæ-kʼ˳yrgæ
              kʼūlyl ysxyztīs wællag wælaʒygmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плешивый, вбивая гвоздь за гвоздем в стену,
                взобрался на верхний этаж</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bald man, driving nail after nail into the
                wall, climbed to the top floor</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 164</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ænzor arxajuj turǧi; ʒæbokæ æ razmæ, arǧævnæ,
              kard, <oRef>zægæltæ</oRef>, teli gæppæltæ, æfsæjnægutæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Анзор возится во дворе; перед ним молоток,
                клещи, нож, гвозди, обрывки проволоки, железки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Anzor is busy in the yard; in front of him is a
                hammer, pliers, a knife, nails, scraps of wire, pieces of iron</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Следует делить <w>zæg</w> + уменьшительный суффикс <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æl</m></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>). Скифо-балто-германская изоглосса. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>žãgas</w>
            <gloss><q>помост из жердей</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Stangengerüst</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                <biblScope>II 1284</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>žaginỹs</w>
              <gloss><q>кол</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>столб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>žagaras</w>
              <gloss><q>сук</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
                <w>kāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
                <w>kaak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
                <w>kag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
                <w>kāk</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>позорный столб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
              <w>keg</w>, <w>kegge</w>
              <gloss><q>клин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><lang>нем.</lang>
              <note type="comment">(диал.)</note>
              <w>Kag</w>
              <gloss><q>кочерыжка</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>I 483</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. С уменьшительным суффиксом:
            <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>kegil</w>
            <gloss><q>кол</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>столб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Kegel</w>
            <gloss><q>деревянный столбик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кегля</q></gloss></mentioned>.
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/> (<biblScope>105</biblScope>)</bibl>
          относит сюда и <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>cag</w>
            <gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пик</q></gloss></mentioned>. О семантическом
          комплексе <q>столб</q> — <q>кол</q> — <q>гвоздь</q> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīx"/>. — Слово восходит к дометаллической технике, и речь шла
          первоначально о деревянных гвоздях. Еще до недавнего времени были в Осетии такие сакли,
          где вся мебель — скамьи (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bandon"/>), кресла (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼælæt"><w>kʼælætǵyn</w></ref>), кровати (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syntæg"/>), столики (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"/>), полки (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxæg"/>) и пр. были сделаны без единого металлического
          гвоздя. Предложенная нами этимология находится в полном соответствии с этими реалиями. Не
          исключено, что <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">žaga-</w>
            <gloss><q>сук</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>šaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>сук</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>рог</q></gloss></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sagoj"/> и пр.) представляют
          вариант одной и той же идеографической базы, см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>II 958</biblScope></bibl> (со ссылкой на: <bibl><author>Otrębski</author>,
              <title>Lingua Posnaniensis</title>
            <biblScope>1955 V 28</biblScope></bibl>). — В таком случае еще один вариант этой же базы
          скрывается, вероятно, в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæǧæl"><w>dæǧæl</w>
            <gloss><q>ключ</q></gloss></ref>. — Слово вошло в чечено-ингушский:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>zagal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>zajl</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>клин</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>-æg</m></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <m>-aj</m></mentioned>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>sag</w>
            <gloss><q>олень</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>saj</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tægær_1" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>tægær</w>
            <gloss><q>клен</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>stajr</w></mentioned> и др.). Сюда же, возможно, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>ʒegli</w>
              <gloss><q>памятник</q></gloss>
              <note type="comment">(← <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">столб</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>ʒegligi</w>
              <gloss><q>ружейный приклад</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ружье</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>VIII 729</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Should be divided into <w>zæg</w> + diminutive suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æl</m></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>). A Scytho-Balto-Germanic isogloss. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>žãgas</w>
            <gloss><q>platform made of poles</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Stangengerüst</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                <biblScope>II 1284</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>žaginỹs</w>
              <gloss><q>stake</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pole</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>žagaras</w>
              <gloss><q>bough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
                <w>kāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
                <w>kaak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
                <w>kag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
                <w>kāk</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>pillory</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
              <w>keg</w>, <w>kegge</w>
              <gloss><q>wedge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de-x-dial"><lang>German</lang>
              <note type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
              <w>Kag</w>
              <gloss><q>stalk</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>I 483</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. With the diminutive suffix:
            <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>kegil</w>
            <gloss><q>stake</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pole</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Kegel</w>
            <gloss><q>wooden post</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pin</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/> (<biblScope>105</biblScope>)</bibl> also
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T123006+0300" comment="?"?>refers<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          here <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>cag</w>
            <gloss><q>top</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>peak</q></gloss></mentioned>. On the semantic
          complex <q>pole</q> — <q>stake</q> — <q>nail</q> see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīx"/>. — The word goes back to pre-metal technology, and it was
          originally about wooden nails. Until recently, there were such
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T123124+0300" comment="?"?>saklias<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          in Ossetia, where all the furniture – benches (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bandon"/>),
          armchairs (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼælæt"><w>kʼælætǵyn</w></ref>), beds (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syntæg"/>), tables (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"/>),
          shelves (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxæg"/>) etc. were made without a single metal
          nail. Our proposed etymology is in full accordance with these realities. It is possible
          that <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">žaga-</w>
            <gloss><q>bough</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>šaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>bough</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>horn</q></gloss></mentioned> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sagoj"/> etc.) represent a variant
          of the same ideographic base, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>II 958</biblScope></bibl> (with reference to:
            <bibl><author>Otrębski</author>, <title>Lingua Posnaniensis</title>
            <biblScope>1955 V 28</biblScope></bibl>). — In this case, another version of the same
          base is hidden, probably in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæǧæl"><w>dæǧæl</w>
            <gloss><q>key</q></gloss></ref>. — The word entered Chechen-Ingush:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>zagal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>zajl</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>wedge</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>-æg</m></mentioned> – <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <m>-aj</m></mentioned>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>sag</w>
            <gloss><q>deer</q></gloss></ref> – <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>saj</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tægær_1" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>tægær</w>
            <gloss><q>maple</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>stajr</w></mentioned> etc.). See here, probably, also <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>ʒegli</w>
              <gloss><q>monument</q></gloss>
              <note type="comment">(← <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">stake</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>ʒegligi</w>
              <gloss><q>rifle stock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rifle</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>VIII 729</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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