<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæx</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_bæx" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d2823e66" type="lemma"><orth>bæx</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e69">
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>лошадь</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>horse</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e79">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e81">
                        <quote>bæx baræggænæg næw</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>конь не делает всадника</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a horse does not make a horseman</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            194</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e100">
                        <quote>ædsarǧ, ædwīdon bæx</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>лошадь с седлом и уздечкой</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a horse with saddle and bridle</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e115" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Uruzmæg… æ bæx bæxti farsmæ babasta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Урузмаг привязал своего коня рядом c конями</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Uruzmæg tethered his horse near horses</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e137">
                        <quote>xīzync ærtæ bæxy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>пасутся три лошади</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>three horses are browsing</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e156" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>i kizgæ wærduni… rabadtæj æ bæxdærægi xæccæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>девушка уселась в колесницу с погонщиком</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q/>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>432</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e176">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e178" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxræǧaw</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e181" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxærǧaw</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e184">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>табун лошадей</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>herd of horses</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e194">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e196">
                            <quote>dæ bæxærǧaw din fættardæ uj</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>угоняют твой табун</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>your herd is being chased away</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                                    71</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e217">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e219" type="lemma"><orth>bæxgæs</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e222">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>табунщик</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>horseherd</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e232">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e234">
                            <quote>bacydīs bæxgæsmæ</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>пришел к табунщику</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>[he] came to the horseherd</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e256">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e258" type="lemma"><orth>bæxbæddæn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e261">
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e262">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>коновязь</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>tethering</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e271">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>ключица</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>clavicle</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e281">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e283" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                            <usg><lang/></usg>
                            <quote>duwwadæs bæxi bæxbæddæntæbæl baftudta</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>двенадцать лошадей он привязал к коновязям</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>he tied twelve horses to tetherings</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                                    71</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e307">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e309" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxǵyn</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e312" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxgin</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e315">
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e316">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>всадник</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>horseman</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e325">
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>конный</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>horse</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                        </sense>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e335">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e337">
                            <quote>ʒyxǵyn — bæxǵyn, ænæʒyx — wærǵǵyn</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>речистый — (как) конный, лишенный (дара) речи — (как) несущий
                                    груз</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>voluble — like horse (<hi rendition="#rend_bold">mounted</hi>?),
                                    without gift of speech — like carrying weight</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                                    243</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e358">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e360" type="lemma"><orth>bæxʒarm</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e363">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>лошадиная шкура, кожа</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>horse coat, skin</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e374">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e376" type="lemma"><orth>bæxtæræg</orth><form xml:id="form_d2823e378" type="variant"><orth>bæxdæræg</orth><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в д. также <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxʒoræg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxmæʒoræg</hi>)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in Digor also <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxʒoræg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxmæʒoræg</hi>)</note></form></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e385">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>погонщик лошадей</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>horse driver</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e395">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e397">
                            <quote>…raxabar kodta bæxmæʒoræg</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>…сообщил погонщик лошадей</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>…reported the horse driver</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>194%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e435">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e437" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxdon</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e440" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxdonæ</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e443">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>конюшня</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>stable</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d2823e454">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2823e456" type="lemma"><orth>wælbæxæj</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2823e459">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не слезая с коня</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>without dismounting from a horse</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e469">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e471">
                            <quote>wælbæxæj fevnældta…</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>не слезая с коня, он схватил…</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>without dismounting from a horse, he grabbed</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Слово относится к субстратному (кавказскому) слою осетинского
                    языка. Как и некоторые другие субстратные слова (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūx"/> ‘рука’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>
                    ‘нога’), оно тяготеет к чечено-ингушской среде. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e603" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e499" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>beqhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e608" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e504" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>baqh</w>
                        <gloss><q>жеребенок</q></gloss></mentioned>. Наличие этого слова в
                    осетинском весьма показательно c точки зрения процесса образования языка.
                    Иранские народы с первых дней своего появления на арене истории известны как
                    завзятые коневоды и конники. В частности, предки осетин, аланы, славились
                    повсюду своей замечательной конницей (см. например: <bibl><biblScope>Флавий
                            Вегеций Ренат (IV в.). Epitome rei militaris. ВДИ 1940 I
                        240</biblScope></bibl>: „оружие всадников улучшилось по примеру… аланской
                    конницы“; 280: „Ловкость и красота верховой езды… гуннов и алан“). В этих
                    условиях появление в осетинском кавказского слова для ‘лошади’ служит веским
                    свидетельством в пользу глубины и интимности осетино-кавказских языковых связей
                    (см. об этом также под словами <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> и др.). —
                    Субстратное слово и на этот раз, как в ряде других случаев, не смогло полностью
                    вытеснить иранское (См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘рука’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘нога’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘рот’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/>).
                    Иранское название лошади <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e634" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e526" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>aspa-</w></mentioned> в закономерной форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> сохранилось в осетинском, но только в ограниченном
                    значении ‘кобыла’. — Слово, означающее у одного народа вообще ‘лошадь’, получает
                    нередко у соседей насмешливое значение ‘кляча’ и т. п. Так, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e641" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e534" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Ross</w></mentioned> значит ‘конь’, а <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e646" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e539" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>rosse</w></mentioned> -— ‘кляча’. Это случилось и с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e651" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e544" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>bæx</w></mentioned>. В имерском диалекте <hi rendition="#rend_bold">грузинского</hi> языка мы находим <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e656" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e549" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>baxi</w>
                        <gloss><q>невзрачная, негодная лошадь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e665" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e557" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>кляча</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); отсюда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e674" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e567" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>baxuri</w>
                        <gloss><q>сделанный из цельного куска дерева арчак</q></gloss></mentioned>
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>). В русских
                    говорах также отмечено слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e685" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e578" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>бах</w></mentioned> в значении ‘кляча’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Филин"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> ‘кобыла’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/> ‘жеребенок’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 105, 118,
                    200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The word relates to the substratum (Caucasian) layer of the
                    Ossetic language. Like some other substrate words (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūx"/> ‘hand’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> ‘leg’),
                    it is inclined to the Chechen-Ingush setting. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e499" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e603" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>beqhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e504" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e608" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>baqh</w>
                        <gloss><q>foal</q></gloss></mentioned>. The presence of this word in the
                    Ossetic language is significant in respect to the process of the language
                    development. From the first days of their appearance in history, Iranian peoples
                    are known as inveterate horse breeders and equestrians. In particular, the
                    ancestors of the Ossetians, the Alans, were famous everywhere for their
                    wonderful cavalry (see, for example: <bibl><biblScope>Vegetius (4th c.). Epitome
                            rei militaris:</biblScope></bibl>: "“For though after the example of…
                    the Alans… we have made some improvements in the arms of the cavalry”; “the Huns
                    and Alans endeavor in vain to imitate your dexterity in horsemanship”<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>). Under these conditions, the
                    appearance of the Caucasian word for ‘horse’ in Ossetic serves as a strong
                    evidence in favour of the depth and intimacy of the Ossetic-Caucasian linguistic
                    connection (see also the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> for further
                    information.). — And this time, as in a number of other cases, the substrate
                    word could not completely supplant the Iranian (See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘arm’ near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘leg’
                    near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘mouth’ near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/>). The Iranian name for horse <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e526" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e634" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>aspa-</w></mentioned> in a regular form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> has been retained in Ossetic, but only in a
                    restricted sense ‘mare’. — The word meaning among one nation ‘horse’ in general
                    often receives a mocking meaning ‘nag’ from neighbors and so on. Thus,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e534" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e641" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Ross</w></mentioned> means 'horse', and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e539" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e646" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>rosse</w></mentioned> means ‘nag’. This happened also with the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e544" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e651" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>bæx</w></mentioned>. We found the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e549" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e656" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>baxi</w>
                        <gloss><q>homely horse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e557" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e665" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>nag</q></gloss></mentioned> in the Imereti dialect of the Georgian
                    language (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); from here is
                    derived <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e567" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e674" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>baxuri</w>
                        <gloss><q>saddle arch made of a single piece of wood</q></gloss></mentioned>
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>). The word
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e578" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e685" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>bax</w></mentioned> in the meaning ‘nag’ is found in Russian dialects
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Филин"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> ‘mare’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/>
                            ‘foal’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 105,
                            118, 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"/>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Translation from:
                    http://www.digitalattic.org/home/war/vegetius/index.php#b200</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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