<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wazal</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wazal" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1629e66" type="lemma"><orth>wazal</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1629e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>холодный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>cold</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>холод</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>the cold</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>стужа</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hard frost</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qarm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tævd"/></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qarm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tævd"/></note>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wazal kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">студить</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to cool</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>стынуть</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to get cold</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>nywwazal wyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>bawazal
              wyn</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> остыть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to cool down (intr.)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> æmæ stongæj bīræǧ dær
              tærsy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">холода и голода даже волк боится</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even the wolf is afraid of cold and hunger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> ū zymæg æddæ…, am
              bafsædʒynæ qarmæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">холодно зимой на дворе, (а) здесь ты будешь
                сыта в тепле</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it is cold in winter in the yard, (but) here
                you will be well-fed in warmth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> bajʒag kodta
              kʼ˳ymtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">холод заполнил углы (комнаты)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cold filled the corners (of the room)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>239</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef>, ræsūg, xærzad don</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">холодная, прозрачная, вкусная вода</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cold, transparent, tasty water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1975 III 12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> dony kʼūs…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чаша холодной воды...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a cup of cold water…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 42</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bon īw xūrmæ sæftystæm, æxsæv ta īw
                <oRef>wazalmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">днем мы гибли от солнца, а ночью от стужи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">during the day we were dying because of the
                sun, at night because of cold</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
              <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bon sæ xūr syǧta, æxsæv —
              <oRef>wazal</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">днем их жгло солнце, ночью — стужа</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">during the day the sun burned them, at night,
                the cold</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mīty <oRef>wazal</oRef> jæxī xæstægæj
              xæstægdar lasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">снежная (зимняя) стужа подкрадывалась все ближе
                и ближе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the snowy (winter) frost was approaching closer
                and closer</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Boba Tajmūrazmæ <oRef>wazal</oRef> cæstængas
              daryn rajdydta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Боба стал холодно смотреть на Таймураза</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Boba started looking coldly at Taymuraz</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">m’ art <oRef>bawazal ī</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">остыл мой очаг!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my hearth has become cold!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">выражение тревоги,
                испуга в устах женщины</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">an expression of alarm,
                fright spoken by a woman</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma mæ <oRef>wazal</oRef> kæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не студи меня</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not make me cold</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 18</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> ʒy bacydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он простудился</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">в него вошел холод</q>)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">в него вошел холод</q>)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he caught a cold</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">cold entered into him</q>)</note>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Acæmæz sæwmon <oRef>wazali</oRef> æ bæx
              nirtajgæj…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ацамаз, выкупав своего коня в утренней
                прохладе...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Atsæmæz, having bathed his horse in the morning
                cool…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>58<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">156—157</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wazal</oRef> doni næ ratolʒænæ dæ
              kʼox</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты не окунешь руки в холодную воду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you will not put your hands in cold water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">о
                неженке</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">of a spoiled, pampered
                person</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ arti <oRef>wazal</oRef>! mæ ewnæg furtbæl
              cidær ku ’rcudæj!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">остыл мой очаг! что-то случилось с моим
                единственным сыном!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my hearth has gotten cold! something happened
                to my only son!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru"><name>Hübschmann</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
            <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>) восстанавливал <m>wa</m>-<w>sal</w> и сближал с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sælyn"><w>sælyn</w>
            <gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></ref>. Эту этимологию повторяет, не ссылаясь на
            <name>Hübschmann</name>’a, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
              (<biblScope>228—229</biblScope>)</bibl>. Отделение начального <m>wa-</m>
          представляется оправданным, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wajæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wastæn"/>. Но озвончение <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> между гласными нисколько не
          характерно для осетинского, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæsag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsyg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fysym"/> и мн. др.; <oRef>wazal</oRef> из <w type="rec">wasal</w> был бы
          уникальным случаем.<note type="footnote">В <lang>ос.</lang>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsæz"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>xšwaš</w></mentioned> звонкий <c>z</c> — по диссимиляции сибилянтов. Форма
              <w>wasat</w>, которую приводит <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
                (<biblScope>892</biblScope>)</bibl>, не существует.</note> Мы относим <w>-zal</w> к
          скифо-европейским изоглоссам (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>) и
          сближаем c европейской группой: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>gelu</w>
              <gloss><q>стужа</q>, <q>мороз</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>gelidus</w>
              <gloss><q>холодный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>gelare</w>
              <gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>kala</w>
              <gloss><q>холодить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>calan</w>
              <gloss><q>стыть</q>, <q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
              <w>hall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang>нем.</lang>
              <w>kalt</w>
              <gloss><q>холодный</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">и пр.</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>I 560—561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Индоевропейская база —
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵel-</w></mentioned> (а не <w type="rec">gel-</w>). Плавный <c>l</c> в осетинском — как в других скифо-европейских изоглоссах:
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zūl"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūl"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læsæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mystūlæg"/> и др.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ">СЕИ</ref>
            <biblScope>37—40</biblScope></bibl>). — Сюда же ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>zalty</w>
              <w>mīt</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>сильный снегопад</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en"><name>Hübschmann</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
            <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>) reconstructed <m>wa</m>-<w>sal</w> and brought
          together with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sælyn"><w>sælyn</w>
            <gloss><q>freeze</q></gloss></ref>. This etymology is repeated, without citing
            <name>Hübschmann</name>, by <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
              (<biblScope>228—229</biblScope>)</bibl>. The separation of the initial <m>wa-</m>
          appears justified, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wajæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wastæn"/>. But the voicing <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> between vowels is not at
          all characteristic for Ossetic, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæsag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsyg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fysym"/> and many others; <oRef>wazal</oRef> from <w type="rec">wasal</w>
          would be a unique case.<note type="footnote">In Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsæz"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>xšwaš</w></mentioned> the
            voiced <c>z</c> is due to sibilant dissimilation. The form <w>wasat</w> cited by
                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/> (<biblScope>892</biblScope>)</bibl>
            does not exist.</note> We consider <w>-zal</w> one of the Scytho-European isoglosses
          (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>) and bring it together with the
          European group: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>gelu</w>
              <gloss><q>frost</q>, <q>freezing weather</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>gelidus</w>
              <gloss><q>cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>gelare</w>
              <gloss><q>freeze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>kala</w>
              <gloss><q>make cold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>calan</w>
              <gloss><q>become cold</q>, <q>freeze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
              <w>hall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang>нем.</lang>
              <w>kalt</w>
              <gloss><q>cold</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">etc.</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
                <biblScope>I 560—561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The Indo-European stem
          is <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵel-</w></mentioned> (and not <w type="rec">gel-</w>). The liquid <c>l</c> in Ossetic is as in other Scytho-European isoglosses:
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zūl"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūl"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læsæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mystūlæg"/> etc.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ">СЕИ</ref>
            <biblScope>37—40</biblScope></bibl>). — Here also Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>zalty</w>
              <w>mīt</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>strong snowfall</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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