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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Madizæn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_Madizæn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2241e66" type="lemma"><orth>Madizæn</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2241e69"><def xml:lang="ru"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">название площадки и
                святилища в ауле Дагом по Алагирскому ущелью; на этой площадке заседало вече. Все
                дела, касавшиеся как внешней, так и внутренней политики, решались здесь коллективно
                судьями <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e74" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxon">tærxony</ref>
                    <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg">læg</ref></phr>
                  <gloss><q>человек совета</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>муж
                совета</q></gloss></mentioned>. К этим <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e88" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxon">tærxony</ref>
                    <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg">lægtæ</ref></phr></mentioned> обращались за
                решением вопросов из всех ущелий Осетии и даже из Балкарии. При таких случаях судьям
                делались подарки. Заседали они в <oRef/> по целым неделям и дольше. Это вече
                просуществовало до водворения русского правительства на Кавказе</q>
              <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Сл."/>
                <biblScope>II 784</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></def><def xml:lang="en"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">name of an area and sanctuary in the village Dagom in
                the Alagir gorge; a council used to have meetings on these grounds. All internal and
                external political affairs were decided here by judges called <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e109" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxon">tærxony</ref>
                    <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg">læg</ref></phr>
                  <gloss><q>man of the council</q></gloss></mentioned>. These <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e120" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxon">tærxony</ref>
                    <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg">lægtæ</ref></phr></mentioned> were consulted
                to decide various questions from all Ossetian gorges and even from Balkaria. On such
                occasions, judges were given presents. They convened in <oRef/> from whole weeks and
                more. This council existed up until the establishment of Russian rule in the
                Caucasus</q>
              <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Сл."/>
                <biblScope>II 784</biblScope>)</bibl></quote></def></sense>
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          <example xml:id="example_d2241e140">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kadǵyn ʒwar wyd Wællaǵiry
                <oRef>Madizæn</oRef>. Ūj wyd nyxas, tærxondon. Tærxony lægtæ īw ærbadtysty
                <oRef>Madizæny</oRef>; æxsæny q˳yddægtæ segas dær ūm lyg kodtoj.
                <oRef>Madizæny</oRef> īw cy q˳yddag alyg kodtoj, ūmæn ænæ ‘xxæst gængæ næ
              wyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большим почетом пользовалось святилище <oRef/>
                в Алагирском ущелье. Это было собрание, суд. Судьи рассаживались в <oRef/>; все
                общественные дела решались там. Решение, принятое в <oRef/>, нельзя было не
                выполнить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">very respected was the sanctuary <oRef/> in the
                Alagir gorge. This was an assembly, a court. The judges sat down in the <oRef/>; all
                public affairs were decided there. A decision enacted by the <oRef/> could not be
                disobeyed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из этнографических
                материалов Е. Бараковой</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from ethnographic
                materials of E. Barakova</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Площадка <oRef/> отмечена вертикально стоящим камнем,
          что характерно для мест поклонения женским божествам; ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e187" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_Majræm">Majræni</ref>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dur">dor</ref></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">камень Мариам</q></gloss></mentioned> в
          нескольких местах в Осетии<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><bibl><title type="j">Изв.
                Сев.-Осет. научно-исслед. инст.</title>
              <biblScope>1962 XXIII 105</biblScope></bibl>.</note></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The <oRef/> grounds were marked by a vertical standing
          stone, which is typical for places of worship of female deities; cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e211" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_Majræm">Majræni</ref>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dur">dor</ref></phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the stone of Mary</q></gloss></mentioned> in
          several locations in Ossetia<note type="footnote"><bibl><title type="j">Izv. Sev.-Oset.
                naučno-issled. inst.</title> [Transactions of the North Ossetian Research Institute]
                <biblScope>1962 XXIII 105</biblScope></bibl>.</note></note>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Сложение <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/> + <w>izæn</w>, где каждая
          часть значит <gloss><q>мать</q></gloss>; ср. для первой части <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/>, для второй — <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e243"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e335" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e244" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>iʒä</w>, <w>ižä</w>
              <gloss><q>мать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e345" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e254" xml:lang="trk"><w>iǯän</w>
              <gloss><q>матушка</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>I 1520</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Как можно думать по
          дошедшим скудным сведениям, под именем <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Матери</q>
          чтилась богиня правопорядка и правосудия, нечто типологически близкое к греческой Фемиде:
            <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e272"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e367" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e273" xml:lang="grc"><w>Θέμις</w>
              <gloss><q>богиня правосудия</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e373" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e279" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">Artī-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e379" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e285" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>Ašī-</w></mentioned>) <gloss><q>богиня-распределительница
            благ</q></gloss></mentioned>. Корни этого культа ведут к матриархату. — Скрещенный
          осетинско-тюркский характер имени <oRef/> не является чем-то исключительным; ср. в этом
          отношении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aldymbyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tīn"><w>tinkærc</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæbæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kenkeǧazæ"/> и др. В данном случае осетино-тюркское скрещение оправдано в
          особенности тем, что святилище было местом сборища не только осетин, но и
          тюрков-балкарцев. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e335" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e305" xml:lang="trk"><lang>Тюрк.</lang>
            <w>ižä</w>
            <gloss><q>мать</q></gloss></mentioned> распознается еще в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyǵyzæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">dyǵyzæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">digiza</w>
            <gloss><q>кормилица</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A compound <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/> + <w>izæn</w>, where
          both components mean <gloss><q>mother</q></gloss>; cf. for the former part <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/>, for the latter, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e334"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e244" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e335" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>iʒä</w>, <w>ižä</w>
              <gloss><q>mother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e254" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e345" xml:lang="trk"><w>iǯän</w>
              <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220602T042623+0300" comment="?? матушка"?>dear
                  mother<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>I 1520</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From the meagre data that
          have been preserved, under the name <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Mother</q> was
          worshipped a deity of lawful order and justice, something typologically close to the Greek
          Themis: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2241e366"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e273" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e367" xml:lang="grc"><w>Θέμις</w>
              <gloss><q>goddess of justice</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e279" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e373" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">Artī-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e285" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e379" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>Ašī-</w></mentioned>) <gloss><q>goddess distributing boons</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          The origins of this cult go back to matriarchical times. — The hybrid Ossetic-Turkic form
          of the name <oRef/> is not something exceptional; cf. in this respect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aldymbyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tīn"><w>tinkærc</w></ref>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæbæx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kenkeǧazæ"/> etc.
          In this case the Ossetic-Turkkic mixture is particularly justified since the sanctuary was
          a meeting place not only for the Ossetians, but also for the Balkars, who are a Turkic
          people. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2241e244" xml:id="mentioned_d2241e399" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>ižä</w>
            <gloss><q>mother</q></gloss></mentioned> is also recognizeable in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyǵyzæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">dyǵyzæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">digiza</w>
            <gloss><q>wet nurse</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
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