<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæccæ_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
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  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæccæ_1" n="1" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231013T225550+0300" comment="Russian and English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d625e66" type="lemma"><orth>xæccæ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d625e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>с</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>with</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вместе с</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>together with</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>cum</q>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (послелог); в иронском ему соответствует падежное
                окончание <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><m>-īmæ</m></mentioned>:
                    <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                    <phr>æ fidi xæccæ</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                    <phr>jæ fydīmæ</phr></mentioned>
                  <gloss><q>со своим отцом</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (послелог); в иронском ему соответствует падежное
                окончание <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><m>-īmæ</m></mentioned>:
                    <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                    <phr>æ fidi xæccæ</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                    <phr>jæ fydīmæ</phr></mentioned>
                  <gloss><q>со своим отцом</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q><foreign>cum</foreign></q>
              <note type="comment"> (postposition); it corresponds to Iron case ending <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><m>-īmæ</m></mentioned>: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                    <phr>æ fidi xæccæ</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                    <phr>jæ fydīmæ</phr></mentioned>
                  <gloss><q>with his father</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ra-in-ærvetʒænæn næ kærʒin mudi
                <oRef>xæccæ</oRef>; wæddær ma nin ku næ ‘zdæxa, wædta æz oj bakænʒænæn Qoziti skʼæti
              ǧolon xuti <oRef>xæccæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я пошлю ему (врагу) наш хлеб с медом; если он и
                тогда не повернет обратно, я посажу его в хлев Козиевых с пестрыми свиньями</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will send him (the enemy) our bread with
                honey; if he doesn’t turn back even then, I will put him into the shed of the Qozitæ
                together with
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231013T223043+0300" comment="or motley, variegated, mottled? (пёстрый)"?>spotted<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                pigs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>1</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adtæj imæ topp sædæ fatej
              <oRef>xæccæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у него было ружье со ста пулями</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he had a gun with a hundred bullets</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>174</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ fidbilizæn æ <oRef>xæccæ</oRef> cæmæn
              fæddæn æz ængast?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему на свою беду я встретилась c ним
                взглядом?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why did I meet his glance, to my
                misfortune?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur bajzadan ewnægæj dæ
              <oRef>xæccæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь мы остались одни c тобой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231013T223228+0300" comment="по смыслу скорее I, но надо передать семантику"?>we
                <?oxy_comment_end ?>are now left alone with you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma o æ <oRef>xæccæ</oRef> zust</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не будь c ней суровой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not be harsh with her</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">či zin æj, či, sili <oRef>xæccæ</oRef>
              ʒorun!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как трудно, как, говорить с женщиной!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how difficult, oh how [difficult], is speaking
                to a woman!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli">там же</ref>, <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Предложено несколько этимологий почти равной соблазнительности. Сближают
          с <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>hamtsa</w>, <w>hatsa</w>
              <gloss><q>с</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>hamju</w>
              <gloss><q>вместе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>hamča-</w>
              <gloss><q>соединенный</q>, <q>vereinigt</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
                  <biblScope>108</biblScope>, прим.</bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
                  <biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                  <date>1949</date>
                  <biblScope>XV 129</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <phr>hamtsa pūraka</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <w>furtti xæccæ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">с сыновьями</q></gloss></mentioned>. Нельзя
          обойти молчанием и разительную близость к <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
            <w>kati</w>
            <note type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">preposition de sens comitatif:
                  <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-mi</phr>
                  <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec moi</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                  <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-ti</phr>
                  <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec toi</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                  <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-iš-ši</phr>
                  <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec lui</q></gloss></mentioned></q>
                    (<bibl><bibl><author>Lejeune</author>. <title>Hittie <w>kati</w>, grec.
                      <w>χασι-</w></title>
                  <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
                  <date>1960</date>
                  <biblScope>LV 20—26</biblScope></bibl>. Ср.: <bibl><author>Holmer</author>.
                    <title>A Celtic-Hittite correspondence</title>. <publisher>Ériu</publisher>
                  <date>1969</date>
                  <biblScope>XXI 23—24</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>,
                    <publisher>Gnomon</publisher>
                  <date>1971</date>
                  <biblScope>XLIII 673</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Топоров</author>
                  <publisher>Этимология 1971</publisher>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>стр. 286—297, в частности стр. 295 сл., прим.
                    51</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Если учесть, что <m>ti</m>
          законо мерно даст в осетинском <m>(c)c</m> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærcc"/> и др.), то сопоставление <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
            <w>kati</w></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>xæccæ</w></mentioned> кажется безупречным и со звуковой и с семантической стороны.
          Наконец, <oRef>xæccæ</oRef> сближалось с <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <w>kati</w>, <w>qati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="isk mnj srh"><lang>пам. ш., пам. с., пам. ишк., пам. м.</lang>
              <w>qati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>kati</w>, <w>qati</w></mentioned>
            <gloss>послелог (иногда предлог), указывающий на совместность, взаимность,
              орудийность</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <phr>tu-kati</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <phr>dæw xæccæ</phr></mentioned>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">с тобой</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><bibl><author>Оранский</author>
                  <title>Тадж. <w>kati</w>/<w>qati</w> — ос. <w>xæccæ</w></title>. В сб.:
                    <publisher>Актуальные проблемы иранистики и сравнительного индоевропейского
                    языкознания</publisher>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
                    <biblScope>стр. 35—37</biblScope></bibl>; см. также <bibl><title>Иранское
                    языкознание</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                    148—159</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Это
          таджикско-припамирское слово, в свою очередь, идет, возможно, из <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>kat</w>, <w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>слой</q>, <q>ряд</q>, в некоторых языках <q>вместе с</q></gloss></mentioned>:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
              <w>qatəš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sah"><lang/>
              <w>qəttəš</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Этимология, ориентированная
          на <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hamtsa</w>, <w>hatsa</w></mentioned> (см. выше) представляется предпочтительной, если
          учесть особо тесные связи сакского с осетинским (точнее — с его сарматским предком).
          Сомнения возникают только в связи с тем, что начальный <c>h-</c> перед <c>a</c> в
          осетинском обычно отпадает, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ham-</w></mentioned> →
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æm-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hafta-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>avd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hada</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æd</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>haθyaka-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æcæg</w></mentioned> и др. Но, с другой стороны, в осетинском наблюдается иногда
          вторичное наращение протетического <c>x-</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xom"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xal_3"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyzyn"/> и др. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_2"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>.<lb/><bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
              <biblScope>30—31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
              <biblScope>I 294</biblScope></bibl></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Several etymologies have been proposed, almost equally tempting. The
          word is compared to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>hamtsa</w>, <w>hatsa</w>
              <gloss><q>with</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>hamju</w>
              <gloss><q>together</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>hamča-</w>
              <gloss><q>connected</q>, <q>vereinigt</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
                  <biblScope>108</biblScope>, fn.</bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
                  <biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                  <date>1949</date>
                  <biblScope>XV 129</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <phr>hamtsa pūraka</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <w>furtti xæccæ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with sons</q></gloss></mentioned>. Neither can
          we ignore the striking similarity with <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
            <w>kati</w>
            <note type="comment">preposition de sens comitatif: <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-mi</phr>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec moi</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-ti</phr>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec toi</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><phr>kat-ti-iš-ši</phr>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">avec lui</q></gloss></mentioned>
                    (<bibl><bibl><author>Lejeune</author>. <title>Hittite <w>kati</w>, grec.
                      <w>χασι-</w></title>
                  <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
                  <date>1960</date>
                  <biblScope>LV 20—26</biblScope></bibl>. Cf.: <bibl><author>Holmer</author>.
                    <title>A Celtic-Hittite correspondence</title>. <publisher>Ériu</publisher>
                  <date>1969</date>
                  <biblScope>XXI 23—24</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>,
                    <publisher>Gnomon</publisher>
                  <date>1971</date>
                  <biblScope>XLIII 673</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Toporov</author>
                  <publisher>Ètimologija 1971</publisher>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
                    <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>pp. 286—297, in particular pp. 295 ff., fn.
                    51</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Considering that <m>ti</m> in
          Ossetic regularly produces <m>(c)c</m> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærcc"/> etc.), the correspondence between <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
            <w>kati</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>xæccæ</w></mentioned> seems perfect both phonetically and semantically. Finally,
            <oRef>xæccæ</oRef> was compared to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <w>kati</w>, <w>qati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="isk mnj srh"><lang/>
              <w>qati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>kati</w>, <w>qati</w></mentioned>
            <gloss>postposition (sometimes preposition) marking comitativity, reciprocity,
              instrumental</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
              <phr>tu-kati</phr></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <phr>dæw xæccæ</phr></mentioned>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with you</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><bibl><author>Oranskij</author>
                  <title>Tadž. <w>kati</w>/<w>qati</w> — os. <w>xæccæ</w></title> [Tajik
                    <w>kati</w>/<w>qati</w> — Ossetic <w>xæccæ</w>]. In: <publisher>Aktualʼnye
                    problemy iranistiki i sravnitelʼnogo indoevropejskogo jazykoznanija</publisher>
                  [Current problems of Iranian and comparative Indo-European linguistics].
                    <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>pp.
                  35—37</biblScope></bibl>; see also <bibl><title>Iranskoe jazykoznanie</title>
                  [Iranian linguistics], <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>,
                    <biblScope>стр. 148—159</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. This
          Tajik and Circum-Pamir word, in its turn, may come from <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>kat</w>, <w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>layer</q>, <q>row</q>, in some languages <q>together
            with</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
              <w>qatəš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sah"><lang/>
              <w>qəttəš</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. An etymology connecting the
          word to <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hamtsa</w>, <w>hatsa</w></mentioned> (see above) seems preferable if one considers
          the particularly close connections between Saka and Ossetic (or, rather, its Sarmatian
          ancestor). The only cause for doubt is that the initial <c>h-</c> before <c>a</c> is
          normally dropped in Ossetic, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ham-</w></mentioned> →
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æm-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hafta-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>avd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hada</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æd</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>haθyaka-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æcæg</w></mentioned> etc. But, on the other hand, Ossetic sometimes displays
          secondary prothetic <c>x-</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xom"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xal_3"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyzyn"/> etc. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_2"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>.<lb/><bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
              <biblScope>30—31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
              <biblScope>I 294</biblScope></bibl></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
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