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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsar_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_7xsar_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d969e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsar</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsaræ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d969e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>боевая доблесть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>martial prowess</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сила</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>force</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>власть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>power</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>æxsarǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">доблестный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">valiant</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также мужское личное имя в героическом эпосе о Нартах </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the heroic Nart epic, also male personal names  </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>Xsar(t)</orth></form>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> and </note>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>Xsærtæg</orth> — eponymous heroes</form>
          </re>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; имя <oRef>Æxsar</oRef> и поныне употребительно</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the name <oRef>Æxsar</oRef> and is still in use</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æǧ˳yzajy kard fæšīs, æmæ <oRef>æxsar</oRef>
              ūj myggagæn bazzad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Агузу (при дележе) достался меч, и (поэтому)
                боевая доблесть стала достоянием его рода</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aguz (during the division) got the sword, and
                (therefore) military prowess became the property of his family</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 150</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ḱermeny, ne <oRef>xsar</oRef>, næxī kʼūxæj
              cæmæn amardtam?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему мы Чермена, нашу доблесть, убили
                собственной рукой?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why did we kill Chermen, our valor, with our
                own hand?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>180</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældærtty <oRef>xsary</oRef> byn bīræ sædæ
              fæltærty fæcardysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под властью князей они жили многими сотнями
                поколений</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">under the rule of princes they lived for many
                hundreds of generations</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyxæn <oRef>æxsar</oRef> jæ cos ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">против насилия (одно) средство — боевая
                доблесть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is (one) means against violence, the
                martial prowess</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzgæn ændær læppūjy warzonʒīnadæj jæ zærdæ
              syǧd, fælæ jæ mady <oRef>xsar</oRef> ingænmæ tardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у девушки сердце горело любовью к другому
                юноше, но власть матери гнала ее в могилу (к нелюбимому)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl’s heart burned with love for another
                young man, but the mother’s power drove her to the grave (to the unloved)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw lægæn cy særībarʒīnad radda, ūj jyn
                <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> agūrīnag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свободу, которую бог даровал человеку, ему
                пришлось добывать своей доблестью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the freedom that God gave to man, he had to
                earn it with his prowess</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baræj mæ tūg, me ʽstæg næ radʒynæn;
                <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> wæ cy fændy ūj kænūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">добровольно я не отдам свою кровь, свою кость;
                силой делайте, что хотите</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">voluntarily I will not give my blood, my bone;
                do what you want by force</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærdxæræn wydysty ūcy avd ævsymæry qarūjæ wæd,
                <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> wæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">знамениты были эти семь братьев — будь то по
                энергии, будь то по боевой доблести</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">these seven brothers were famous either for
                energy, or for military prowess</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsar</oRef> bæræggænæg lægnymæcæj wydī
              raǵy zamany</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(военная) сила в старину определялась
                численностью мужчин</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the (military) strength in the old days was
                determined by the number of men</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyxtæ ʽmæ <oRef>xsærttæj</oRef> bæx æmæ
              xæcængærztæ ʽssardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с трудом и усилием он раздобыл коня и
                оружие</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with difficulty and many efforts, he got a
                horse and weapons</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 19</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæst nīcæwyl fæcī... (Babe) ærænkʼard, je
                <oRef>xsar</oRef> ravdīsyny bon æj næ fæcī!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бой кончился ничем... (Бабе) опечалился: ему не
                удалось показать свою боевую доблесть!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the battle ended in nothing ... (Babeh) was
                sad: he failed to show his fighting prowess!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">znag ærbampursuj, æxsetæ, nifs,
                <oRef>æxsaræ</oRef> kæmæ es!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">враг наступает, стреляйте, в ком есть мужество
                (и) доблесть!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the enemy is advancing, shoot whoever has
                courage (and) valor!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æznag we <oRef>ʽxsaræj</oRef>
              æstʼælfæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть враг содрогается перед вашей
                доблестью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let the enemy tremble before your prowess</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
              <biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alsaq — se <oRef>ʽxsaræ</oRef>, mard
              fæcæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Алсак, (кто был) их силой в бою, убит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alsak, (who was) their force in battle, was
                killed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card arazæn ustur toxæj,
              <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы строим жизнь в великой борьбе, (полные)
                боевого духа</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we build life in the great struggle, (full of)
                fighting spirit</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ ǧuddag max bavzaræn bal ficcag isarazun
              mijnævuræj, kæd ne ʽswa nin, wæd <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наше дело мы попытаемся пока уладить путем
                переговоров (<q>послом</q>), если же нам не удастся, то силой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we will try to settle our matter for the time
                being through negotiations (<q>by an ambassador</q>), and if we fail, then we will
                do it by force</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ne <oRef>ʽxsaræ</oRef>, næ tuxæ adtæj
              sumaxæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на вас держалась наша доблесть, наша сила</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our valor, our strength rested on you</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">В переводе
            Евангелия <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ялгузидзе</hi>
            <oRef>æxsar</oRef> означает также <q>меч</q>: </note>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">In the translation
            of the Gospel by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Yalguzidze</hi>, <oRef>æxsar</oRef>
            also means <q>sword</q>: </note>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...felvæsta <oRef>æxsar</oRef>...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">извлек меч...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">drew a sword...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">14</hi> 47</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. ниже <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; see below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/></note>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kšatra-</w></mentioned>. Важный социальный термин индоиранского мира. Если
          иметь в виду трифункциональную концепцию <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Дюмезиля</hi>, то
          связан со второй, т. е. военной функцией. В догосударственный период термин означал
            <q>военную силу</q>, <q>военную доблесть</q>. Эта семантика преобладает в осетинском. С
          образованием государства стал обозначать <q>государственную власть</q>,
          <q>государство</q>, <q>царство</q>, <q>центр государственной власти</q>, <q>город</q>. Ср.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šahr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>šaṭr</w>, <w>šahr</w>
            <gloss><q>город</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>страна</q></gloss><note type="comment">ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saxar"/>:</note><note type="bibl">
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
                <biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ᵆxšaθr-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼγšδrtʼk</w>
            <gloss><q>царский</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
                <biblScope>I 43, 142, 163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>kṣāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>могущество</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>царство</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T003628+0300" comment="увы, не нагуглил лигатур, которые соединяют две буквы s..."?>xšaṣsa<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
            <gloss><q>царство</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Artaxšaṣsa-</w>
            <gloss>личное имя</gloss>, <gloss><q>Артаксеркс</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Ardæxsur</w></mentioned>), на персепольских таблетках в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">эламской</hi> передаче <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Irdakšaru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Ramakšara</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatrabama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatraba</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica
              Persepolitana</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№
              8.582,8.1396-8.1521, 8.1522</biblScope></bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ὀξάθϱης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>имя брата Артаксеркса
              II</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Плутарх</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἐξάθϱης</w>
            <w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss>имя брата Дария III</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Плутарх</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="xme"><w>Xšaθrita-</w>
            <gloss><hi rendition="#rend_bold">мидийское</hi> личное имя</gloss></mentioned><note type="footnote">Другие имена, содержащие <c>xšaθra-</c>, см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
              <biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣatra-</w>
            <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>владычество</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣatriya-</w><gloss><q>кшатрий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>представитель касты
              воинов</q></gloss></mentioned>. Легко распознается в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">сарматских</hi> личных именах Северного Причерноморья (в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">греческой</hi> передаче <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>ξαϱθ</c></mentioned>):
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ξαϱθαμος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Φαϱνοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Farnæxsar</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Καιναξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (ос. д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Kīnæxsaræ</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ἀλεξαϱθος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Διδυμοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>189</biblScope></bibl>; см. еще под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>). По ассирийским источникам, один из <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифских</hi> вождей
          носил <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>имя</gloss>
            <w>Sandakšatru</w> (ок. 639 г. до н. э.) <note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">И. М. Дьяконов</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Труды XXV Конгресса
                  востоковедов, I</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:base="ru">стр. 241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="arc"><gloss>имя</gloss>
            <w>Hštr</w></mentioned> в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">арамейском</hi> ритуальном тексте
          из Персеполя (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <biblScope>1974 XXXIV 96</biblScope></bibl>). Отложилось также в топонимии: <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Xšart-āb</w>
            <gloss>название <hi rendition="#rend_bold">ягнобского</hi> селения</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Сов. этнография</title>,
                  <date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 6, стр. 80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 6, стр. 80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἰαξάϱθης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>река
              Сыр-Дарья</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Полибий</author></bibl> и
            др.)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
          Из аланского идет <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/> (пшав., хевсур.) <w>Yaxsari</w>
            <gloss>имя фольклорного героя, убившего дэва</gloss>, <note type="comment">упоминается у
              писателя Важа <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Пшавела</hi></note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">М. Чиковани</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Литературные разыскания, II</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1944</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                  92—98</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
            92—98</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Начальный <c>y-</c> в
              <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yaxsari</w></mentioned> — протетический, как в <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yalbuzi</w> = <w>Al-burz</w>
              <gloss><q>Эльбрус</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Андроникашвили</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Тр. Инст. языкозн. Груз. АН, сер.
                вост. яз., II</title>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                199—200</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 199—200</biblScope></bibl></note>.
          — К <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xšaθryaka</w></mentioned> через <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθrik</w></mentioned> восходит, как полагают, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>cerig</w>
            <gloss><q>воин</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>солдат</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
                  (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Владимирцов</author>. <title>Mongolica, I</title>.
                  <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 326</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
            326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ос. <oRef>xsar</oRef> входит в состав
          нескольких сложных слов весьма архаичного облика: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"><w>xsargard</w> (<w type="rec">xšaθra-karta-</w>) <gloss><q>шашка</q></gloss></ref>
          (см. ниже), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>darǧæxsaræ</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">долгосильный</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
                <biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/>
                <biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">200</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>darəγō-xšaθra-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>rdynæxsar</w> (<w type="rec">druna-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">druna-xšaθra-</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>farnah-</w>
              (<w>farnah-</w>)</mentioned>, как два важных мировоззренческих понятия, были
          определенным образом между собой связаны, см.: <bibl><author>Lommel</author>. <title>Die
              Yašt’s des Awesta</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen — Leipzig</pubPlace>,
            <date>1927</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Hertel</author>.
              <title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
              <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
              50</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 50</biblScope></bibl> [<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...Herrschaft (xšaθra-) verleihendes hvarənah</q>]. Митра
          в качестве бога войны зовется <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>x ͮ
              arənō-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012839+0300" comment="иранское?"?>d<?oxy_comment_end ?>ā̊</w></mentioned>
          и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012903+0300" comment="иранское?"?>xšaθrō<?oxy_comment_end ?>-dā̊</w></mentioned>
              (<bibl><title><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012958+0300" comment="что это за источник?"?>Y<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</title>
            <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 16</biblScope></bibl>). Своеобразие
          осетинского состоит в том, что <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"/> понимается как высшее
          благо мирной жизни, a <oRef>xsar</oRef> — как высшее достоинство в бою. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsarǵyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>, а по корню <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
            <biblScope>1935 V 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kšatra-</w></mentioned>. It is an mportant social term of the Indo-Iranian
          world. If one keeps in mind  <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Dumézil</hi>ʼs trifunctional
          concept, then it is connected with the second, i.e. military function. In the pre-state
          period, the term meant  <q>military force</q>, <q>military prowess</q>. This semantics
          prevails in Ossetian. After the formation of the state, the term began to denote  <q>state
            power</q>, <q>state</q>, <q>kingdom</q>, <q>center of state power</q>, <q>city</q>. Cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šahr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>šaṭr</w>, <w>šahr</w>
            <gloss><q>city</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>country</q></gloss> (<note type="comment">Ossetic
                <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saxar"/>:</note><note type="bibl">
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
                <biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ᵆxšaθr-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼγšδrtʼk</w>
            <gloss><q>royal</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
                <biblScope>I 43, 142, 163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>kṣāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>might</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>power</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>kingdom</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>power</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T003628+0300" comment="увы, не нагуглил лигатур, которые соединяют две буквы s..."?>xšaṣsa<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
            <gloss><q>kingdom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Artaxšaṣsa-</w>
            <gloss>personal name</gloss>, <gloss><q>Artaxerxes</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Ardæxsur</w></mentioned>), on Persepolis
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230713T005500+0300" comment="что имеется в виду??"?>tablets<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          (in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Elamite</hi> script), <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Irdakšaru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Ramakšara</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatrabama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatraba</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica
              Persepolitana</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№
              8.582,8.1396-8.1521, 8.1522</biblScope></bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ὀξάθϱης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>brother of Artaxerxes
              II</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Plutarch</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἐξάθϱης</w>
            <w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss>name of the brother of Darius III</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Plutarch</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="xme"><w>Xšaθrita-</w>
            <gloss><hi rendition="#rend_bold">Median</hi> personal names</gloss></mentioned><note type="footnote">On other names containing <c>xšaθra-</c>, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
              <biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣatra-</w>
            <gloss><q>power</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dominion</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>force</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣatriya-</w><gloss><q>kshatriya</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>warrior
            caste</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is easily recognized in  <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Sarmatian</hi> personal names of the Northern Black Sea region (in  <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Greek</hi> script, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>ξαϱθ</c></mentioned>): <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ξαϱθαμος</c></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Φαϱνοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Farnæxsar</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Καιναξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (Digor Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Kīnæxsaræ</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ἀλεξαϱθος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Διδυμοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>189</biblScope></bibl>; see also under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>). According to Assyrian sources, one of the<hi rendition="#rend_bold">Scythian</hi> leaders had the <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>name</gloss>
            <w>Sandakšatru</w> (near 639 BC) <note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">I. M.
                  D'jakonov</author>, <title xml:lang="en">Trudy XXV Kongressa vostokovedov
                  [Proceedings of the XXV Congress of Orientalists], I</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:base="en">p.
                  241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Here is also related the <mentioned xml:lang="arc"><gloss>name</gloss>
            <w>Hštr</w></mentioned> in an <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Aramaic</hi> ritual text from
          Persepolis (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <biblScope>1974 XXXIV 96</biblScope></bibl>). It is also reflected in toponymy:
            <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Xšart-āb</w>
            <gloss>the name of a <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Yaghnobi</hi> village</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Sov. etnografija [Soviet
                  ethnography]</title>, <date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 6, стр.
                  80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 6, p.
            80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἰαξάϱθης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>Syr Darya river</gloss><note type="comment">
                  (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Polybius</author></bibl>
            etc.)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
          Alan gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/> (Pshav, Khevsur) <w>Yaxsari</w>
            <gloss>the name of the folklore hero who killed the dev</gloss>, <note type="comment">as
              mentioned by the writer Vazh  <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pshavel</hi></note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">M. Čikovani</author>. <title xml:lang="en">Literaturnye razyskanija [Literary research], II</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1944</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                  92—98</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
            92—98</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The initial <c>y-</c>
            in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yaxsari</w></mentioned> is prothetic, as in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yalbuzi</w> = <w>Al-burz</w>
              <gloss><q>Elbrus</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Andronikašvili</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Tr. Inst. jazykozn. Gruz. AN, ser.
                vost. jaz. [Working papers of the Institute of Linguistics, Georgian Academy of
                Sciences, Oriental linguistics], II</title>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 199—200</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
                199—200</biblScope></bibl></note>. — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xšaθryaka</w></mentioned> via <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθrik</w></mentioned> gave rise, as assumed, to <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>cerig</w>
            <gloss><q>warrior</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>soldier</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
                  (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Vladimircov</author>. <title>Mongolica, I</title>.
                  <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 326</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
                326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ossetic <oRef>xsar</oRef> is part of
          several compound words of a very archaic origin: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"><w>xsargard</w> (<w type="rec">xšaθra-karta-</w>) <gloss><q>saber</q></gloss></ref>
          (see below), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>darǧæxsaræ</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">long-force one</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
                <biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/>
                <biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">200</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>darəγō-xšaθra-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>rdynæxsar</w> (<w type="rec">druna-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">druna-xšaθra-</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>farnah-</w>
              (<w>farnah-</w>)</mentioned>, as two important worldview concepts, were interconnected
          in a certain way, see:  <bibl><author>Lommel</author>. <title>Die Yašt’s des
              Awesta</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen — Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date>,
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 170
              sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Hertel</author>. <title>Beiträge zur Erklärung
              des Awestas und des Vedas</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1929</date>,
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 50</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
            50</biblScope></bibl> [<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...Herrschaft (xšaθra-)
            verleihendes hvarənah</q>]. Mithra, as the god of war, is called <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>x ͮ
              arənō-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012839+0300" comment="иранское?"?>d<?oxy_comment_end ?>ā̊</w></mentioned>
          and <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012903+0300" comment="иранское?"?>xšaθrō<?oxy_comment_end ?>-dā̊</w></mentioned>
              (<bibl><title><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012958+0300" comment="что это за источник?"?>Y<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</title>
            <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 16</biblScope></bibl>). The peculiarity
          of the Ossetian is that <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"/> is understood as the highest
          good of a peaceful life, and <oRef>xsar</oRef> as the highest virtue in battle. — Cf.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsarǵyn"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>, and the root in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
            <biblScope>1935 V 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">40, 64, 71, 188 ff., 213, 223, 527</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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