<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læwwyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>. L–R. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1973</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">37–38</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_læwwyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4758e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>læwwyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d4758e70" type="participle"><orth>læwd</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4758e73" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>læwwun</orth><form xml:id="form_d4758e75" type="participle"><orth>læwd</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e78" n="1"><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>стоять</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>stand</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пребывать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>stay</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>оставаться</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>remain</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>выдерживать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>sustain</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e115"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>устоять</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>withstand</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e125" n="2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>ждать</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>wait</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e135" n="3"><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e136"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сохраняться</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>be preserved</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e145"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>не изнашиваться</q>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (об одежде, обуви)</note>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>not wear out</q>
              <note type="comment"> (of clothes, shoes)</note>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e160"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>не портиться</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>not go bad</q>
            </abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о продуктах)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (of foodstuffs)</note></sense><re xml:id="re_d4758e173">
            <form xml:id="form_d4758e175" type="lemma"><orth>læwwæn</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e178"><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e179"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прочный</q>
                </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">durable</q>
                </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e190"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                  <q>ноский</q>
                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                  <q>hard-wearing</q>
                </abv:tr></sense><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (об одежде и пр.)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (of clothes etc.)</note></sense>
          </re></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e206" n="4"><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e207"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>поступать (на работу, на должность)</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>take up (job, office)</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e216"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>наниматься</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>get hired</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4758e226" n="5"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">с превербами:
            </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">with preverbs: </note><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e231"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>выступать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>step forth</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e240"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>наступать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>advance</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e249"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>появляться</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>appear</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e258"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>останавливаться</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>stop</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e267"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бить</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hit</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4758e276"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>колотить</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>beat</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и др.</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> etc.</note></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в дигорском в значении <gloss><q>стоять</q></gloss>
          чаще <w>stun </w> (<w>istun</w>), см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor the meaning <gloss><q>stand</q></gloss> is
          more often expressed by <w>stun </w> (<w>istun</w>), see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4758e312" n="1">
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e314">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærty astæw bæx <oRef>læwwy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">посреди двора стоит конь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the middle of the yard stands a horse</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
              <biblScope>222</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e338">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xetæg æm rawad æmæ <oRef>slæwwyd</oRef> jæ
              razy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хетаг к нему вышел и стал перед ним</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khetag came out to him and stood in front of
                him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>219</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e363">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæ bandony kæræʒīwyl aværdta æmæ sæ wælæ
                <oRef>slæwwyd</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он поставил друг на друга два стула и встал на
                них</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he put two chairs on top of one another and
                stood on them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e387">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Goǵi sk˳yvta <oRef>læwgæjæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Годжи помолился стоя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Godzhi prayed standing</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>222</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e411">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmæn sæ ræsuǧd wættæ qarmæj, rajʒastæj
                <oRef>læwwync</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у людей красивые комнаты стоят теплые,
                светлые</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">people’s beautiful rooms stand warm, bright</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e436" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>læwdtæj</oRef> æ cori kizgi mard…
                <oRef>læwwuj </oRef>wælgommæ
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220331T104818+0300" comment="NB: что это такое?"?>e<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              æncad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">возле него лежал труп девушки… лежит она вверх
                лицом недвижимая</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beside him lied a body of
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220331T114519+0300" comment="known girl?"?>a<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                girl… she lies face up, motionless</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>77, 78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e473">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Terḱy bylyl… awyǧdaj <oRef>læwwy</oRef>
              mæqqælon</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на берегу Терека находится повешенный ингуш</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the bank of the Terek there is a hanging
                Ingush man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>128</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e498">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ dwarmæ — bæx, mard jæ wælæ bastæj
                <oRef>læwwy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на дворе — лошадь, на ней привязанный
                мертвец</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the yard – a horse, a dead man is on it,
                tied up</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e522">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kūræm dæ æmæ næm <oRef>læw</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">просим тебя, оставайся у нас</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we ask you, stay at our place</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e546">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æppyndær stongæn na
              <oRef>læwwyn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">совершенно не переношу голода</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I do not stand hunger at all</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e570">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæ fæxudgæ, ænæ fækæwgæ sæm ḱī
                <oRef>læwwydī</oRef> (jæ zarǵytæm)</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(слушая его песни) кто мог устоять не
                посмеявшись, не поплакав?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(listening to his songs) who could stand
                without laughing, without crying?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e596">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nal æm <oRef>fælæwwyd</oRef> mæ zærdæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мое сердце не устояло</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my heart did not stand</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e621" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fedar <oRef>læwwæ</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стой крепко!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stand firmly!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>24<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">15</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e652" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lægaw <oRef>fællæwæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">постоим, как подобает мужчинам!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let us stand as befits men!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">212</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4758e683" n="2">
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e685">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>fælæwwūt</oRef> mæm īw ḱysyl</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подождите меня немного</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wait for me for a short while</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4758e706" n="3">
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e708">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tærqūsʒarm dær ma k˳yʒy sræjdmæ
                <oRef>fælæwwy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">даже заячья шкура может носиться до лая
                собаки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even a hare’s skin can be worn
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220331T115015+0300" comment="probably an idiom meaning &apos;indefinitely&apos;, but I&apos;m not sure"?>until
                a dog barks<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
              <biblScope>III 1199</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4758e736" n="4">
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e738">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæ ‘fsymæry īw wæjygmæ
                <oRef>nyllæwwydysty</oRef> iskæjwættæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">два брата нанялись к одному великану в
                работники</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two brothers got hired to a giant as
                workers</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>146</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e763">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældarmæ asauly bynat wæǧd īs æmæ dæ kæd
              fændy, wæd dæ ūm nyllæwwyn kænon</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у князя есть свободная должность есаула, и если
                хочешь, я определю тебя туда</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince has a free position of esaul
                [Cossack captain], and if you want, I can appoint you there</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e786">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm mæ padcax ūromync æmæ sæm næ
                <oRef>læwwyn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">народ хочет меня поставить царем, но я не
                поступаю к ним (в цари)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the people want to install me as king, but I do
                not take up (the rank of king) with them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4758e811" n="5">
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e813">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy razæj Toxtæ
              <oRef>ralæwwyd</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тохта выступил перед народом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tokhta
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220331T115414+0300" comment="or выступил in the sense of &quot;made a speech&quot;?"?>stepped
                forth<?oxy_comment_end ?> in front of the people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e841">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>ralæwwyd</oRef> walʒæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наступила весна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">springtime came</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e865" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur <oRef>ralæwdtæj</oRef> sæ saxat</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь наступил их час</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now their hour has come</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e893">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rast sīxor afon Pīrany xæʒary
              balæwwydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как раз в обеденное время он появился в доме
                Пирана</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">just in time for lunch he appared in the house
                of Piran</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e916" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Asægoj ku rawidta, wædta nillæwdtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда он увидел Асаго, он остановился</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when he saw Asægo, he stopped</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>3<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e946">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bibo… ævīppajdy jæxsæj zærond lægyl
              ærlæwwydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бибо неожиданно стал бить старика плетью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bibo suddenly started beating the old man with
                his whip</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4758e969">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narty fsædtæ… syl ralæwwync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нартовские войска обрушиваются на них</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Nart armies are advancing on them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1301" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e995" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sta-</w>
            <gloss><q>стоять</q></gloss></mentioned> сохранилось в осетинском в виде <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">styn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">istun</w>
            <gloss><q>вставать</q></gloss> (<gloss>д. также <q>стоять</q></gloss>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stajyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">stajyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">stajun</w>
            <gloss><q>останавливаться</q></gloss></ref> и в формах мн. ч. наст. времени глагола
            <q>быть</q>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1333" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1027" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>stæm</w>, <w>stut</w>, <w>sty</w>
            <gloss><q>sumus</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>estis</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>sunt</q></gloss></mentioned>. В ряде восточноиранских языков находим для
            <q>стоять</q> другую основу — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1355" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1049" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1359" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1053" xml:lang="sgh-x-bartang"><lang/>
            <w>wi-raf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1364" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1058" xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
            <w>we-raf-s-</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Artyom" timestamp="20220804T191901+0300" comment="Здесь, видимо, указана форма ОПВ м.р. (у Карамшоева она указывается с долготой WИРӮВД). Это странно, потому что здесь приводятся примеры именно на др.ир. форму ОНВ *rap. В шугнанском это WИРĀФЦ"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1369" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1063" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>wi-ruv-d-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1374" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1068" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>u-raf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1380" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1074" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>u-rof-s-</w> : <w>u-rov-d-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1387" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1081" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>wə-rəf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1392" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1086" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>wa-råf-s-</w></mentioned>) и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1397" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1091" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ram-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1401" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1095" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>vᵊ-rēm-</w></mentioned>). К этой группе относится, по-видимому, и ос. <oRef/>. При
          этом требуют, однако, объяснения двойное <c>-ww-</c> и начальный <c>l-</c> (вместо
            <c>r-</c>). Наличие <c>-ww-</c> можно объяснить, если допустить, что в осетинском глагол
          был не простым, а составным: <w type="rec">rama-bu-</w> → <w>ræm-wyn</w> (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1423" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1117" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <phr>rām būdan</phr>
            <gloss><q>быть покорным, послушным</q></gloss></mentioned>), откуда закономерно
            <w>ræwwyn</w>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwajyn"/> из <w>æm-wajyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwændyn"/> из <w>æm-wændyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærdyn"/> из <w>æm-wærdyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwīlyn"/>
          из <w>æm-wilyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_komwaʒæn"><w>kowwaʒæn</w></ref>
            (<w>kom-waʒæn</w>) из <w>kom-waʒæn</w>. Основа <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1458" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1152" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ram-</w>
            <gloss><q>покоиться</q></gloss></mentioned> налична в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmun"><w>ræmun</w>
            <gloss><q>стоять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ждать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūromyn"><w>ūromyn</w>
            <gloss><q>останавливать</q></gloss></ref>. Основа <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1480" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1174" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1486" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1180" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rapa-bu-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> также
          могла дать <oRef>læw-wyn</oRef> (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1494" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1188" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rap-</w>
            <gloss><q>служить опорой</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>поддерживать</q></gloss></mentioned>); с
          звуковой стороны ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xawyn"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1507" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1201" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>. В
          пользу составного глагола говорит также иронская форма прош. времени <w>læw-wyd</w> (а не
            <w>læwd</w>). Основы <w type="rec">ræm-</w> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1519" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1213" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w></mentioned> представляют, возможно, удлинения
          одного и того же корня <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1523" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1217" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ra-</w>
            <gloss><q>покоиться</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1532" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1226" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                <w>re-</w>, <w>erə-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                    <biblScope>338</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
          Развитие <w type="rec">ræm-wyn</w> → <oRef/> (с переходом <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>) имело
          место, видимо, в сочетании с превербами, содержащими <c>r</c>, с последующей диссимиляцией
            <c>r</c>—<c>r</c> → <c>r</c>—<c>l</c>: <w type="rec">ra-ræwwyn</w>, <w type="rec">ær-ræwwyn</w> → <w>ralæwwyn</w>, <w>ærlæwwyn</w>; со временем <c>l-</c> удержался и в
          простом глаголе. — Преобразование составного глагола в простой находим и в других случаях,
          например <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>fændyn</w>
            <gloss><q>хотеть</q></gloss></ref> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1587" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1281" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænd">fændæ</ref>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyn">un</ref></phr></mentioned>. Ср. близкие по значению
          глаголы <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmun"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stajyn"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The common Indo-European verb <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e995" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1301" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sta-</w>
            <gloss><q>stand</q></gloss></mentioned> is only preserved in Ossetic as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">styn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">istun</w>
            <gloss><q>stand up</q></gloss> (<gloss>in Digor also <q>stand</q></gloss>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stajyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">stajyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">stajun</w>
            <gloss><q>stop</q></gloss></ref> and in present-tense plural forms of the verb
          <q>be</q>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1027" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1333" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>stæm</w>, <w>stut</w>, <w>sty</w>
            <gloss><q>sumus</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>estis</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>sunt</q></gloss></mentioned>. In a number of Eastern Iranian languages the
          verb <q>stand</q> is derived from a different stem — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1049" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1355" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w></mentioned>
            (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1053" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1359" xml:lang="sgh-x-bartang"><lang/>
            <w>wi-raf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1058" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1364" xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
            <w>we-raf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1063" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1369" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>wi-ruv-d-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1068" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1374" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>u-raf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1074" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1380" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>u-rof-s-</w> : <w>u-rov-d-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1081" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1387" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>wə-rəf-s-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1086" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1392" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>wa-råf-s-</w></mentioned>) and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1091" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1397" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ram-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1095" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1401" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>vᵊ-rēm-</w></mentioned>). To this group apparently also belongs the Ossetic <oRef/>.
          However, in this case the double <c>-ww-</c> and the initial <c>l-</c> (instead of
            <c>r-</c>) require an explanation. The presence of <c>-ww-</c> can be explained by
          assuming that the Ossetic verb used to be a complex predicate: <w type="rec">rama-bu-</w>
          → <w>ræm-wyn</w> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1117" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1423" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <phr>rām būdan</phr>
            <gloss><q>be obedient, dutiful</q></gloss></mentioned>), from which regularly comes
            <w>ræwwyn</w>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwajyn"/> from <w>æm-wajyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwændyn"/> from <w>æm-wændyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærdyn"/> from <w>æm-wærdyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwīlyn"/> from <w>æm-wilyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_komwaʒæn"><w>kowwaʒæn</w></ref>
            (<w>kom-waʒæn</w>) from <w>kom-waʒæn</w>. The stem <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1152" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1458" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ram-</w>
            <gloss><q>rest, be still</q></gloss></mentioned> is found in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmun"><w>ræmun</w>
            <gloss><q>stand</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wait</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūromyn"><w>ūromyn</w>
            <gloss><q>stop (tr.)</q></gloss></ref>. The stem <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1174" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1480" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1180" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1486" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rapa-bu-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> could also
          be the source of <oRef>læw-wyn</oRef> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1188" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1494" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rap-</w>
            <gloss><q>serve as foundation</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>support</q></gloss></mentioned>);
          for the phonetic aspect cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xawyn"/> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1201" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1507" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kap-</w></mentioned>. Another
          fact that speaks in favour of a compound verb origin is the Iron past tense form
            <w>læw-wyd</w> (as opposed to <w>læwd</w>). The stems <w type="rec">ræm-</w> and
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1213" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1519" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rap-</w></mentioned> are possibly extensions of the same original root <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1217" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1523" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ra-</w>
            <gloss><q>rest, be still</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1226" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1532" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                <w>re-</w>, <w>erə-</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                    <biblScope>338</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. The
          development <w type="rec">ræm-wyn</w> → <oRef/> (with the change <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>)
          probably originally occurred with preverbs containing <c>r</c>, with the subsequent
          dissimilation <c>r</c>—<c>r</c> → <c>r</c>—<c>l</c>: <w type="rec">ra-ræwwyn</w>, <w type="rec">ær-ræwwyn</w> → <w>ralæwwyn</w>, <w>ærlæwwyn</w>; over time, <c>l-</c>
          established itself in the basic verb as well. — The transformation of a compound verb into
          a simple one is also found in other cases, e.g. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <w>fændyn</w>
            <gloss><q>want</q></gloss></ref> alongside <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4758e1281" xml:id="mentioned_d4758e1587" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænd">fændæ</ref>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyn">un</ref></phr></mentioned>. Cf. semantically close
          verbs <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmun"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stajyn"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>