<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ajk</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_ajk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231223T194424+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d985e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ajk</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d985e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ajkæ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d985e72">
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>яйцо</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>egg</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                </sense>
                <formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                    <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plural" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><gram/>
                        <orth>æjḱytæ</orth>
                        <form type="variant"><orth>iḱytæ</orth></form></form>
                    <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="plural"><orth>æjkitæ</orth></form>
                </formGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d985e82">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d985e84">
                        <quote><oRef>æjḱytæj</oRef> qajla akodton</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>из яиц я сделал яичницу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I made
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231223T193610+0300" comment="Russian яичница does not have an exact English correspondence"?>omelette<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                                out of eggs</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                            <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d985e103">
                        <quote>æfsīn… <oRef>æjḱytæ</oRef> afyxta æmæ wazægæn arvysta; kūsæg
                                <oRef>æjḱytæj</oRef> īw axordta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>хозяйка сварила яйца и послала гостю; слуга съел одно из яиц</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the hostess boiled eggs and sent them to the guest; the servant ate
                                one of the eggs</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                            <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d985e122">
                        <quote>kark! <oRef>ajk</oRef> radt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>курочка! дай яичко</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>hen! give me an egg</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                            <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <re>
                    <form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ajḱy</oRef> būr</orth></form>
                    <sense>
                        <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">яичный желток</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">egg yolk</q>
                        </tr>
                    </sense>
                    <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                            <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                </re>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское слово; восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e361" xml:id="mentioned_d985e186" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>haik</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e366" xml:id="mentioned_d985e191" xml:lang="x-balochi"><note type="comment">в
                            диалекте советских белуджей</note>
                        <w>aig</w>
                        <gloss><q>желток</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e374" xml:id="mentioned_d985e199" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>haʽik</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                                <biblScope>II 676</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e385" xml:id="mentioned_d985e210" xml:lang="ku"><w>hēk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e388" xml:id="mentioned_d985e213" xml:lang="ku"><w>hākī</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр.
                                214</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e399" xml:id="mentioned_d985e224" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>ha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e404" xml:id="mentioned_d985e229" xml:lang="ps"><w>hōya</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e407" xml:id="mentioned_d985e232" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                        <w>ēx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e412" xml:id="mentioned_d985e237" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>akik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e417" xml:id="mentioned_d985e242" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>xāya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e422" xml:id="mentioned_d985e247" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>hāyīk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e428" xml:id="mentioned_d985e253" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>āhaa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e433" xml:id="mentioned_d985e258" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>yāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e438" xml:id="mentioned_d985e263" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aya-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Yašt</title>
                        <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">13</hi> 2—3</biblScope></bibl>:
                        <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e272" xml:lang="ae"><w>vīš aēm</w>
                        <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">яйцо птицы</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                    — <bibl><author>Henning</author>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Asiatica. Festschrift F. Weller, 289
                            cл.</biblScope></bibl>). Сопоставляются с этим и европейские названия
                    яйца: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e458" xml:id="mentioned_d985e283" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">айе</w>, <w n="0">айце</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><m>-це</m></mentioned>
                            уменьшительный суффикс, как <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-k</m></mentioned> в иранских)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e466" xml:id="mentioned_d985e293" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
                        <w>jàje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e471" xml:id="mentioned_d985e298" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>jaje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e476" xml:id="mentioned_d985e303" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>яйцо</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e481" xml:id="mentioned_d985e308" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Ei</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e487" xml:id="mentioned_d985e314" xml:lang="gem-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ajja-</w></mentioned>) и пр., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e492" xml:id="mentioned_d985e319" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ᾠόν</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e497" xml:id="mentioned_d985e324" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>ovum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e502" xml:id="mentioned_d985e329" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ju</w></mentioned>. Для объяснения всех перечисленных форм приходится
                    исходить из двух и.е. вариантов: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e507" xml:id="mentioned_d985e334" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōyo-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e512" xml:id="mentioned_d985e339" xml:lang="ine"><w>*ōwyo-</w></mentioned> (ср.
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">783 сл.</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Название яйца в иранском диалекте габри, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e534" xml:lang="gbz" dialect="pes-x-gabri"><w>vuk</w></mentioned>, <name>Gеigеr</name> выводит из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka</w></mentioned>, к которому
                        возводятся и вышеприведенные формы (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                            <biblScope>II 364</biblScope></bibl>); в <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e543" xml:lang="ps"><lang>афганских</lang>
                            <note type="comment">диалектальных формах</note>
                            <w>wòya</w>, <w>yowya</w>
                            <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                                    <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
                        <c>w</c>, по-видимому, не историческое. Сомнительна и реконструируемая
                        древнеиранская форма <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āwyaka-</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                                    <biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                                    <biblScope>I 237</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; исходя
                        из нее, мы имели бы в осетинском <w type="rec">awæg</w> или <w type="rec">ajwæg</w>, а не <oRef>ajk</oRef>.</note><lb/><bibl>Вс.
                            <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A common Iranian word; goes back to <w type="rec">āyaka-</w>:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e186" xml:id="mentioned_d985e361" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>haik</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e191" xml:id="mentioned_d985e366" xml:lang="x-balochi"><note type="comment">in the
                            dialect of the Soviet Baloch</note>
                        <w>aig</w>
                        <gloss><q>egg yolk</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e199" xml:id="mentioned_d985e374" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>haʽik</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                                <biblScope>II 676</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e210" xml:id="mentioned_d985e385" xml:lang="ku"><w>hēk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e213" xml:id="mentioned_d985e388" xml:lang="ku"><w>hākī</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. IV, p.
                            214</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e224" xml:id="mentioned_d985e399" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>ha</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e229" xml:id="mentioned_d985e404" xml:lang="ps"><w>hōya</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e232" xml:id="mentioned_d985e407" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                        <w>ēx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e237" xml:id="mentioned_d985e412" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>akik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e242" xml:id="mentioned_d985e417" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>xāya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e247" xml:id="mentioned_d985e422" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>hāyīk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e253" xml:id="mentioned_d985e428" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>āhaa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e258" xml:id="mentioned_d985e433" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>yāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e263" xml:id="mentioned_d985e438" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aya-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Yašt</title>
                        <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">13</hi> 2—3</biblScope></bibl>:
                        <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e447" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w><hi rendition="#rend_italic">vīš aēm</hi></w></mentioned>, —
                            <bibl><author>Henning</author>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">Asiatica. Festschrift F. Weller, 289
                            ff.</biblScope></bibl>). It can also be compared with European words for
                    egg: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e283" xml:id="mentioned_d985e458" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>aje</w>, <w>ajce</w>
                        <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><m>-ce</m></mentioned> is a
                            diminutive suffix, like <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-k</m></mentioned>
                            in Iranian)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e293" xml:id="mentioned_d985e466" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
                        <w>jàje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e298" xml:id="mentioned_d985e471" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>jaje</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e303" xml:id="mentioned_d985e476" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>jajco</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e308" xml:id="mentioned_d985e481" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Ei</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e314" xml:id="mentioned_d985e487" xml:lang="gem-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ajja-</w></mentioned>) etc., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e319" xml:id="mentioned_d985e492" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ᾠόν</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e324" xml:id="mentioned_d985e497" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>ovum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e329" xml:id="mentioned_d985e502" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ju</w></mentioned>. To explain all the listed forms, two Indo-European
                    variants must be assumed: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e334" xml:id="mentioned_d985e507" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōyo-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d985e339" xml:id="mentioned_d985e512" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ōwyo-</w></mentioned> (cf. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">783 ff.</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><name>Gеigеr</name> derives the name for the egg in
                            <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e569" xml:lang="gbz" dialect="pes-x-gabri"><lang/>
                            <w>vuk</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āyaka</w></mentioned>, which is the source of all the forms cited
                        above (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                            <biblScope>II 364</biblScope></bibl>); in the <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d985e578" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                            <note type="comment">dialectal forms</note>
                            <w>wòya</w>, <w>yowya</w>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                                    <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
                        <c>w</c> is apparently not original. The reconstructed Proto-Iranian form <w type="rec">āwyaka-</w> is also doubtful (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
                            <biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                            <biblScope>I 237</biblScope></bibl>); this would have led to <w type="rec">awæg</w> or <w type="rec">ajwæg</w> in Ossetic, but not o
                            <oRef>ajk</oRef>.</note><lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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