<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_gæn" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d578e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gæn</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d578e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>gænæ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d578e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>конопля</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>cannabis</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d578e82">
                    <re xml:id="re_d578e84">
                        <form xml:id="form_d578e86" type="lemma"><orth>gænyston</orth></form>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d578e90">
                        <form xml:id="form_d578e92" type="lemma"><orth>gændon</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d578e95"><sense xml:id="sense_d578e96"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>место, заросшее коноплей</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>a place covered with cannabis</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d578e105"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>запустение</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>desolation</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                        <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d578e115">
                            <abv:example xml:id="example_d578e117">
                                <quote>k˳y fenat gænystony cʼammarʒinad…</quote>
                                <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>когда увидите мерзость запустения…</q>
                                </abv:tr>
                                <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation</q>
                                </abv:tr>
                                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">24</hi>
                                        15</biblScope></bibl>
                            </abv:example>
                        </abv:exampleGrp>
                    </re>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d578e139">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d578e141">
                        <quote>racʼonmæ gæny kʼūx</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у рачинца (жителя Рачи в Грузии) связка конопли</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a Racha man (from Rachi in Georgia) has a bunch of cannabis</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из песни</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from a song</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kan</hi>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>
                    ‘полотно’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæn-tag</hi>. Ближайшие соответствия в сванском и абхазском:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e345" xml:id="mentioned_d578e168" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>kan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e350" xml:id="mentioned_d578e173" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-k˳nə</w>
                        <gloss><q>конопля</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, может быть, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e358" xml:id="mentioned_d578e181" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>ganä</w>
                        <gloss><q>рубашка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово идентично, очевидно, с
                    первой частью широко распространенного названия конопли: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e366" xml:id="mentioned_d578e189" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>κάνναβις</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e372" xml:id="mentioned_d578e195" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>cannabis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e377" xml:id="mentioned_d578e200" xml:lang="cu" extralang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">конопля</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e387" xml:id="mentioned_d578e206" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
                        <w>коноп</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e392" xml:id="mentioned_d578e211" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
                        <w>konopě</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e397" xml:id="mentioned_d578e216" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>konop</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (ед. ч.)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e405" xml:id="mentioned_d578e223" xml:lang="pl"><w>konopie</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (мн.
                            ч.)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e410" xml:id="mentioned_d578e229" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
                        <w>hana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e415" xml:id="mentioned_d578e234" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Hanf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e420" xml:id="mentioned_d578e239" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kanab, kana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e425" xml:id="mentioned_d578e244" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>knb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e430" xml:id="mentioned_d578e249" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>kynpʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e439" xml:id="mentioned_d578e254" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kumbā, kanbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e444" xml:id="mentioned_d578e260" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼanap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e449" xml:id="mentioned_d578e265" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼanapi</w></mentioned> и др. Свидетельство <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Геродота</hi>
                            (<bibl><biblScope>Геродот</biblScope></bibl>) и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Гесихия</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl>), что конопля (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi>)
                    — скифское растение, а также другие соображения заставляют искать родину его
                    названия в восточной Европе. Об этом говорит и наличие простой формы названия
                    конопли в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">марийском</hi> языке: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e460" xml:id="mentioned_d578e276" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kene, kəne</w></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Schrader</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>440 сл.</biblScope></bibl>) полагает,
                    что греческое название <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi> есть скрещение двух восточноевропейских
                    названий этого растения: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kana</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e470" xml:id="mentioned_d578e286" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kene</w></mentioned>) и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">piš</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e475" xml:id="mentioned_d578e291" xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>pəš</w></mentioned>). Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kæn</hi> позволяет думать, что в
                    скифском также существовала простая форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kana</hi>. Этот же элемент налицо в
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">тюркских</hi> названиях конопли <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e480" xml:id="mentioned_d578e296" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ken-dir</w></mentioned> (во второй части <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e485" xml:id="mentioned_d578e301" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>tiri, diri</w>
                        <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e493" xml:id="mentioned_d578e309" xml:lang="trk"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>грубый</q></gloss></mentioned>?). Осетинское выражение %igænyston
                    fæu!%i „чтоб тебе зарасти коноплей!“ (о каком-либо месте) звучит как проклятие.
                    Это говорит о том, что в староосетинском речь шла о дикой конопле, которая
                    рассматривалась как сорняк и была символом запустения.[[Аналогично в русском: „В
                    больничном дворе стоит небольшой флигель, окруженный целым лесом репейника,
                    крапивы и дикой конопли“ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. П. Чехов. Палата №
                            6. Собр. соч., т. 7, М., 1956, стр. 121</biblScope></bibl>).]] Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">91 сл.</biblScope></bibl> —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">103 сл.</biblScope></bibl> —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60, 170, 198, 296, 312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">From <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kan</hi>, compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/> ‘linen’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæn-tag</hi>. The closest correspondences are found in Svan and
                    Abkhaz: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e168" xml:id="mentioned_d578e345" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>kan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e173" xml:id="mentioned_d578e350" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-k˳nə</w>
                        <gloss><q>cannabis</q></gloss></mentioned>. Maybe <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e181" xml:id="mentioned_d578e358" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>ganä</w>
                        <gloss><q>shirt</q></gloss></mentioned> is related to it as well. The word
                    is obviously identical to the first part of a widespread cannabis name:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e189" xml:id="mentioned_d578e366" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>κάνναβις</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e195" xml:id="mentioned_d578e372" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>cannabis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e200" xml:id="mentioned_d578e377" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>konopь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d578e382" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>konoplja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e206" xml:id="mentioned_d578e387" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
                        <w>konop</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e211" xml:id="mentioned_d578e392" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
                        <w>konopě</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e216" xml:id="mentioned_d578e397" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
                        <w>konop</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (singular)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e223" xml:id="mentioned_d578e405" xml:lang="pl"><w>konopie</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
                    (plural)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e229" xml:id="mentioned_d578e410" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
                        <w>hana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e234" xml:id="mentioned_d578e415" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Hanf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e239" xml:id="mentioned_d578e420" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kanab, kana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e244" xml:id="mentioned_d578e425" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>knb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e249" xml:id="mentioned_d578e430" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220716T201526+0300" comment="check in Sogdian dictionary -- Abaev had &quot;купр&quot; (Cyrillic)"?>kynpʼ<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e254" xml:id="mentioned_d578e439" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kumbā, kanbā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e260" xml:id="mentioned_d578e444" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼanap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e265" xml:id="mentioned_d578e449" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼanapi</w></mentioned> etc. The evidence of
                            <bibl><author>Herodotus</author></bibl>and <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гесихий"/></bibl> that cannabis (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi>) is a
                    Scythian plant, and also some other reasons force to look for the homeland of
                    its name in Eastern Europe. This is also evidenced by the presence of a simple
                    form of the name of cannabis in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Mari</hi> language: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e276" xml:id="mentioned_d578e460" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kene, kəne</w></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Schrader</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>440f.</biblScope></bibl>) supposes
                    that a Greek name <hi rendition="#rend_italic">κάνναβις</hi> is a crossover of two Eastern European names of
                    this plant: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kana</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e286" xml:id="mentioned_d578e470" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
                        <w>kene</w></mentioned>) and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">piš</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e291" xml:id="mentioned_d578e475" xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>pəš</w></mentioned>). Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gæn</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kæn</hi> allows to think that in
                    Scythian there also was a simple form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kana</hi>. The same element is present in
                    the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Turkic</hi> names of cannabis <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e296" xml:id="mentioned_d578e480" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ken-dir</w></mentioned> (is there <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e301" xml:id="mentioned_d578e485" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>tiri, diri</w>
                        <gloss><q>coarse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d578e309" xml:id="mentioned_d578e493" xml:lang="trk"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>rough</q></gloss></mentioned> in the second part of the word?).
                    The Ossetic expression <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gænyston fæu!</hi> “so that you are overgrown with
                    cannabis!” (about some place) sounds like a curse. This suggests that in Old
                    Ossetic it was about wild cannabis, which was considered as a weed and was a
                    symbol of desolation.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Compare
                    with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">91 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="en">103
                            ff.</biblScope></bibl> —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60, 170, 198, 296, 312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"/>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Similarly in Russian: “In the hospital
                    yard there stands a small lodge surrounded by a perfect forest of burdocks,
                    nettles, and wild hemp” (<bibl><author>A. P. Chekhov</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. П. Чехов. Палата № 6. Собр. соч., т. 7, М., 1956, стр.
                            121</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Ward No. 6 (Translation from:
                            https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ward_No._6)</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
            </entry>
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