<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_ævzīst" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d5592e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævzīst</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d5592e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ævzestæ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5592e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5592e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>серебро</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>silver</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5592e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>серебряный</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5592e88">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5592e90">
                        <quote>ævzīst ron, ævzīst qama</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>серебряный пояс, серебряный кинжал</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>silver belt, silver dagger</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5592e105">
                        <quote>ūrs ævzīst galwany ūrs ævzīst tærxægyl badʒysty baztyl…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в белой серебряной ограде на белой серебряной скамье будут сидеть на
                                подушках…“</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>in a white silver fence on a white silver bench they will sit on
                                pillows…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5592e124">
                        <quote>iw ḱyryn syzǧærīn æxcajæ ʒag ū, īnnæ ḱyryn ævzīst æxcajæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>один сундук полон золотых денег, другой сундук — серебряных денег</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>one coffer is full of gold money, another coffer is full of silver
                                money</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 66</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5592e143">
                        <quote>jæ ældary ævzīst bambæxsta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>скрыл серебро господина своего</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>hid his lord's money</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">25</hi>
                            18</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5592e162" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ævzestæ læʒgutæ sæ kʼoxi, ævzestæ kʼelatæbæl baduncæ, ævzestæ fingitæ
                            sæ razi…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>руках у них серебряные палки, сидят на серебряных скамьях, перед ними
                                серебряные стоды</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there are silver sticks in their hands, they are sitting on silver
                                banks, there are silver tables in front of them</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 112</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Так же, как названия меди (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærxwy"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærxi</hi>) и стали (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e399" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e191" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ævzīst</w></mentioned> имеет соответствия в некоторых финно-угорских
                    языках; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e404" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e196" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>azveś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e409" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e201" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>ezyś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e415" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e207" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ezüst</w>
                        <gloss><q>серебро</q></gloss></mentioned>. По V. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Тоmsеn</hi>’у (см.
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1924 XX, № 4, стр.
                            6</biblScope></bibl>), Вс. Миллеру (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 12</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>) и некоторым финноугристам
                            (<bibl><author>Anderson</author></bibl>,
                        <bibl><author>Wichmann</author></bibl>,
                        <bibl><author>Szinnyei</author></bibl>), осетины заимствовали это слово из
                    финно-угорских языков. Напротив, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Simоnуi</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>Die ungarische
                            Sprache, стр. 62</biblScope></bibl>), В. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Munkácsi</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>V 316</biblScope></bibl>), Н.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Petersson</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1920 XVI, №
                            3, стр. 71 сл.</biblScope></bibl>), Н. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Sкоld</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>ibid.
                            1924 XX, № 4, стр. 7, 20</biblScope></bibl>) склоняются к тому, чтобы
                    рассматривать <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi> как иранское слово, проникшее в венгерский и некоторые
                    восточнофинские языки из осетинского (resp, аланского или скифского).
                    Разумеется, самый факт схождения в таком важном культурном термине остается
                    одинаково интересным в том и другом случае, ибо свидетельствует об исторических
                    связях скифских племен с угро-финскими, хотя точная хронологическая и
                    географическая локализация этих связей пока невозможна. Вопрос о том, кто у кого
                    заимствовал данное слово, приводит с необходимостью к другому вопросу: на почве
                    каких языков, индоевропейских или финно-угорских, оно может получить более
                    удовлетворительное этимологическое разъяснение. Насколько нам известно, вполне
                    убеждающей этимологии нет ни там, ни здесь. Сопоставление <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e459" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e251" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>azveś</w>
                        <gloss><q>серебро</q></gloss></mentioned> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e468" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e260" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>uzveś</w>
                        <gloss><q>олово</q></gloss></mentioned> позволяет как будто выделить элемент
                    *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">veś</hi>, который, по Лыткину, мог означать бронзу. Однако при этом толковании
                    остается без объяснения конечный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi> в венгерском <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e476" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e268" xml:lang="hu"><w>ezüst</w></mentioned>. Из индоевропейских этимологий стоит упомянуть
                    сопоставление <bibl><author>Н. Petersson</author></bibl>’a, смелое, но отнюдь не
                    фантастическое. Удмуртская форма (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e484" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e274" xml:lang="udm"><w>azveś</w></mentioned>=), а также старовенгерская (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e487" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e277" xml:lang="ohu"><w>ezwest</w></mentioned>) позволяют восстановить
                    староосетинскую в виде <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e490" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e280" xml:lang="oos"><w>æzvest(æ)</w></mentioned>),
                    а приняв начальное <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi>- за протетическое—в виде <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e494" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e284" xml:lang="oos"><w>zvest(æ)</w></mentioned>); перестановка <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zv</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vz</hi> закономерна,
                    ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7vzaly"/>. Восстанавливаемое таким образом
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e502" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e289" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>*zvestæ</w></mentioned>
                    <bibl><author>Petersson</author></bibl> сопоставляет с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e507" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e297" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>звезда</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e512" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e302" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>zvaigzde</w>
                        <gloss><q>звезда</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e521" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e311" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
                        <w>swāigstan</w>
                        <gloss><q>сияние</q></gloss></mentioned>. Связь названий металлов с
                    космическими терминами подтверждается многими фактами. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e529" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e319" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>rkina</w>
                        <gloss><q>железо</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e537" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e327" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>erkin</w>
                        <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></mentioned> и, наконец (в полную аналогию с
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e545" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e335" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ævzestæ</w></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e550" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e340" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>звезда</w></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e555" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e345" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>vercxli</w>
                        <gloss><q>серебро</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e564" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e354" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>varsklavi</w>
                        <gloss><q>звезда</q></gloss></mentioned>. Есть, стало быть, некоторая
                    вероятность, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi> исконно осетинское слово, подобно <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærīn"/> ‘золото’ и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsæn"/>
                    ‘железо’. То, что общеарийское название серебра получило в осетинском значение
                    ‘руда’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæt"/>), объясняется своеобразным
                    положением осетинского в кругу иранских языков, а схождение именно со славянским
                    поддерживается рядом аналогичных случаев.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE
                        HERE </note> Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
                        12</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>33, 52, 83, 251</biblScope></bibl>.—
                            <bibl><author>В. И. Лыткин</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/><biblScope>1951 IV 392</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Just as the notions of copper (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærxwy"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærxi</hi>) and steel (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e191" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e399" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ævzīst</w></mentioned> has correspondences in some Finno-Ugric languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e196" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e404" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>azveś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e201" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e409" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>ezyś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e207" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e415" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ezüst</w>
                        <gloss><q>silver</q></gloss></mentioned>. According to V. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Tomsen</hi> (see
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1924 XX, № 4, p.
                            6</biblScope></bibl>), Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 12</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>) and some specialists in Finno-Ugric
                    languages (<bibl><author>Anderson</author></bibl>,
                            <bibl><author>Wichmann</author></bibl>,
                        <bibl><author>Szinnyei</author></bibl>), the Ossetians borrowed this word
                    from Finno-Ugric languages. On the contrary, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Simonyi</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>Die
                            ungarische Sprache, p. 62</biblScope></bibl>), B. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Munkácsi</hi>
                            (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>V
                        316</biblScope></bibl>), H. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Petersson</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope>1920 XVI, № 3, pp.
                        71ff.</biblScope></bibl>), H. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Skold</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>ibid. 1924 XX, No.
                            4, pp. 7, 20</biblScope></bibl>) tend to regard <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi> as an Iranian
                    word, which came to Hungarian and some other East Finnic languages from Ossetic
                    (resp, Alan or Scythian). It is clear that the fact itself of the coincidence in
                    such an importan cultural notion stays equally interesting in both cases, since
                    it witnesses historical connections of Scythian tribes with Finno-Ugric ones,
                    however a precise chronological and geographical localization of these
                    connections is not yet possible. The question who borrowed this word from whom
                    requires another question: due to which languages, Indo-European or Finno-Ugric,
                    can it recieve a more satisfying etymological explanation. As far as we know,
                    there is no quite convincing etymology anywhere. The comparison of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e459" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>azveś</w>
                        <gloss><q>silver</q></gloss></mentioned> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e260" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e468" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>uzveś</w>
                        <gloss><q>tin</q></gloss></mentioned> allows to select an element *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">veś</hi>
                    which could signify bronze, according to Lytkin. However, this interpretation
                    remains without explanation the final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e268" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e476" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ezüst</w></mentioned>. Among the Indo-European etymologies, it is worth
                    mentioning a challenging but by no means fantastic comparison by
                            <bibl><author>H. Petersson</author></bibl>. The Udmurt form (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e274" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e484" xml:lang="udm"><w>azveś</w></mentioned>), and also the Old Hungarian form
                        (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e277" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e487" xml:lang="ohu"><w>ezwest</w></mentioned>) allow to restore an
                    Old Ossetic form as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e280" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e490" xml:lang="oos"><w>æzvest(æ)</w></mentioned>), and
                    if the initail <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi>- is prosthetic then the an Old Ossetic form is restored as
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e284" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e494" xml:lang="oos"><w>zvest(æ)</w></mentioned>); the transposition
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zv</hi>→<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vz</hi> is regular, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7vzaly"/>. Thus,
                            <bibl><author>Petersson</author></bibl> compares the restored <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e289" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e502" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>*zvestæ</w></mentioned> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e297" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e507" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>zvezda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e302" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e512" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>zvaigzde</w>
                        <gloss><q>star</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e311" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e521" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
                        <w>swāigstan</w>
                        <gloss><q>shining</q></gloss></mentioned>. The connection of metal names
                    with cosmic terms is confirmed by many facts. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e319" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e529" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>rkina</w>
                        <gloss><q>iron</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e537" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>erkin</w>
                        <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></mentioned> and, finally, (as a full analogy with
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e545" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ævzestæ</w></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e340" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e550" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>zvezda</w></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e345" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e555" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>vercxli</w>
                        <gloss><q>silver</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5592e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5592e564" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>varsklavi</w>
                        <gloss><q>star</q></gloss></mentioned>. Hence, there is some possibility
                    that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi> is an oroginal Ossetic word, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærīn"/> ‘gold’ and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsæn"/>
                    ‘iron’. The fact that the common Aryan name for silver received in Ossetic
                    meaning ‘ore’ (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæt"/>), is explained by a
                    particular place of Ossetic among other Iranian languages, the coincidence with
                    Slavic is supported by a number of similar cases.<note type="footnote" n="1">
                        PUT NOTE HERE </note> Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
                            12</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>33, 52, 83,
                            251</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><author>V. I. Lytkin</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/><biblScope>1951 IV
                    392</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Чисто иранская этимология для ævzīst,
                    предложенная <bibl><author>Sköld</author></bibl>’ом (← <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5592e607" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ayahxšusta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>расплавленный металл</q></gloss></mentioned>), фонетически
                    неприемлема.</note>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">A purely Iranian etymology for <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīst</hi>,
                    proposed by <bibl><author>Sköld</author></bibl> (← <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5592e621" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ayahxšusta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>melted metal</q></gloss></mentioned>), is phonetically
                    impossible.</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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