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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syf_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_syf_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230305T132346+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d4789e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syf</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sifæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4789e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>лист</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>leaf</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в дигорском чаще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ"/> is
          more frequent</note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>dūǧy syf</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подорожник</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">plantain</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>Plantago</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>Plantago</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <re>
              <form type="lemma"><orth>zalmy syf</orth></form>
              <sense>
                <sense>
                  <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                    <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лопух</q>
                  </tr>
                  <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                    <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">burdock</q>
                  </tr>
                </sense>
                <sense>
                  <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                    <q>Arctium</q>
                  </abv:tr>
                  <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                    <q>Arctium</q>
                  </abv:tr>
                </sense>
              </sense>
            </re>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ iræd ū axæm: denǵyzy byl æfsæjnagæj saw
              galwan, jæ cyppar fīsyny Aza-bælasy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> saǧd k˳yd wa, aftæ...
              Aza-bælasy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> rakūryn qæwy mærdty bæsty xīcaw Barastyræj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наш выкуп за невесту таков: на берегу моря
                черный замок из железа, и чтобы на четырех его углах были посажены листья дерева <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Аза</hi>... листья дерева <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Аза</hi> надо выпросить у владыки царства мертвых
                Барастыра</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our bride price is this: on the seashore there
                is a black iron castle, and on its four corners leaves of the tree <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Aza</hi> should be planted... leaves of the tree <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Aza</hi> should be asked from the lord of the kingdom
                of the dead, Barastyr</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>117, 118</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syfy</oRef> felvæston æmæ jæ mæ (mard)
              warzonyl asærfton: šy wydī ūj x˳yzæn festadī ūdægas</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я схватил (чудесный) лист, провел им по моей
                (мертвой) возлюбленной: она стала живая, как была</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I grabbed a (wonderful) leaf, passed it over my
                (dead) beloved: she became alive, as she was</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 18</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donǧærīstæj sæ īw jæ kʼalīw dony nyttʼysta;
              dony ulæn kʼalīmy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> acaxsy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из прибрежных ив одна опустила свою ветку в
                реку; речная волна ловит листья ветки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the shore willows, one lowered its branch
                into the river; river wave catches the leaves of the branch</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>255</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tægæry <oRef>syf</oRef> zīlgæ-zīlgæ jæxī
              ærwaǧta æmæ fydgænæǵy nwazæny nyxxawd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кленовый лист, кружась, опустился и упал в
                кубок злодея</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the maple leaf, whirling, sank and fell into
                the goblet of the villain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из баллады о
                клене-мстителе</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the ballad of the avenging
                maple</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">galy komy <oRef>syf</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в пасти быка листочек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a leaf in the bull's mouth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка о мизерной
                пище</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb about scanty
              food</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qomgæs dūǧy <oRef>syf</oRef> ratydta,
              qædgomyl æj æræværdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастух сорвал подорожник, наложил его на
                рану</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shepherd plucked the plantain, put it on
                the wound</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1956 V 12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">særy cæf wælængaj ū..., dūǧy
                <oRef>syftæ</oRef> jyl sæværʒystæm æmæ bajgas wygæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рана головы неглубокая, мы наложим на нее
                листья подорожника, и она заживет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the head wound is not deep, we will put
                plantain leaves on it and it will heal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zalmy <oRef>syftæ</oRef> tīlync, bynʒ næ
              waʒync ʽvvaxs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они машут лопухами, не подпускают близко
                мух</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they wave burdocks, keep flies away</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Предметы и явления природы получают нередко название по их использованию
          в человеческой практике: <q>трава</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">то, что подлежит
            кошению</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/>), <q>овца</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">животное, дающее шерсть</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/>). В индоиранском распознается основа
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20221105T000433+0300" comment="Правильно указан язык?" id="okd_4sc_swb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230305T132009+0300" parentID="okd_4sc_swb" comment="думаю да (хотя формально индоир. это арийский" mid="2"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="inc">śiph-</w>, которая в качестве глагольной означает
                <gloss><q>проводить чем-либо по поверхности чего-либо, обметать, вытирать,
                сгребать</q></gloss>, а в качестве именной — <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?>
          (ветка с листьями или пучок прутьев служили орудием обметания, метлой, веником). Ср., с
          одной стороны, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>saef-</w> | <w>sif-</w>
            <gloss><q>проводить скользящим, обметающим движением</q></gloss></mentioned> (плетью по
          земле, пером по телу с магическими целями), ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æssīvyn"><w>æssīvyn</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ham-saif-</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>сгребать</q></gloss></ref> (например, сено граблями), с другой — ос.
            <oRef>syf</oRef> | <oRef>sifæ</oRef>
          <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śiphā-</w>
            <gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <gloss><q>лист</q></gloss> не было,
          видимо, чуждо и древнеиндийскому; об этом свидетельствует <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śiphādhara-</w>
            <gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss>
            </mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sifædaræ</w></mentioned> (не засвидетельствованное, но вполне мыслимое
          образование). Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κίρος</w>
            <gloss><q>венок (из листьев)</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Спорной остается возможность
          расширения данного этимологического гнезда привлечением <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śepa-</w>
            <gloss><q>хвост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śipra-</w>
            <gloss><q>волосы</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w>šipъ</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
            <biblScope>310</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 338—339, 374—375</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1956, стр. 72, прим. 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Мартынов</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Славянская и индоевропейская
              аккомодация</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Минск</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>,
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 123—124</biblScope></bibl>). — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syftær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
            <biblScope>1920 XVI 3 71</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Objects and phenomena of nature are often named according to their use
          in human practice: <q>grass</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thing to be mowed</q>
          (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/>), <q>sheep</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wool-giving animal</q> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/>). In Indo-Iranian the stem
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20221105T000433+0300" comment="Правильно указан язык?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="inc">śiph-</w> is recognized, which as a verb means
                <gloss><q>pass something over the surface of something, sweep, wipe,
              rake</q></gloss> and as a noun means <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>twig</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (a branch with leaves or a
          bunch of twigs served as a sweeping tool, broom). Cf., on the one hand, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>saef-</w> | <w>sif-</w>
            <gloss><q>pass with a sliding, sweeping move</q></gloss></mentioned> (whip on the
          ground, feather on the body with magical purposes), Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æssīvyn"><w>æssīvyn</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ham-saif-</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>rake</q></gloss></ref> (e.g. hay), and on the other hand, Ossetic
            <oRef>syf</oRef> | <oRef>sifæ</oRef>
          <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śiphā-</w>
            <gloss><q>twig</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <gloss><q>leaf</q></gloss> was not,
          apparently, alien to the ancient Indian; this is evidence by <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śiphādhara-</w>
            <gloss><q>branch</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">= <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">something holding (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhara-</w></mentioned>) leaves (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śiphā</w></mentioned>)</q></note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sifædaræ</w></mentioned> (unattested, but quite conceivable derivation).
          Here also <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>κίρος</w>
            <gloss><q>wreath (of leaves)</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The possibility of expanding
          this etymological nest by involving <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śepa-</w>
            <gloss><q>tail</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śipra-</w>
            <gloss><q>hair</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w>šipъ</w></mentioned> etc. is disputable (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
            <biblScope>310</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 338—339, 374—375</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">1956, p. 72, note 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Martynov</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Slavic and Indo-European
              accommodation</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Minsk</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>,
              <biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
              123—124</biblScope></bibl>). — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syftær"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
            <biblScope>1920 XVI 3 71</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>,
              <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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