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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rag</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_rag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4215e66" type="lemma"><orth>rag</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4215e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d4215e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ранний</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>early
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190015+0300" comment="ok?"?>(adj.)<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4215e83"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>рано</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>early
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190029+0300" comment="ok?"?>(adv.)<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4215e96"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>давно</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>long ago</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; чистая основа как отдельная лексема не употребительна,
          но обычны падежные формы и суффиксальные образования: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"><w>ragæj</w>
            <gloss><q>издавна</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"><w>raǵy</w>
            <gloss><q>рано</q>, <gloss><q>давно</q></gloss></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵy"><w>æræǵy</w>
            <gloss><q>недавно</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærægmæ"><w>ærægmæ</w>
            <gloss><q>поздно</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵyjaw"><w>æræǵyjaw</w>
            <gloss><q>напоследок</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragon"><w>ragon</w>
            <gloss><q>давний</q>, <gloss><q>древний</q></gloss></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærygon"><w>ærygon</w>
            <gloss><q>недавний</q>, <gloss><q>нестарый</q></gloss></gloss></ref>. В первой части
          сложных слов: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragsom"><w>ragsom</w>
            <gloss><q>завтра</q>, <gloss><q>утром</q></gloss></gloss></ref> (→ <w>rajsom</w>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragacaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragaǧommæ"><w>ragagommæ</w>
            <gloss><q>заранее</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragwalʒæg"><w>ragwalʒæg</w>
            <gloss><q>ранняя весна</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragvæzzæg"><w>ragvæzzæg</w>
            <gloss><q>ранняя осень</q></gloss></ref>; см. эти слова</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the bare stem is not used as a separate lexeme, but
          case forms and
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190135+0300" comment="?"?>suffix<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          derivations are common: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rag"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190224+0300" comment="здесь все сделано ноутом… не надо как ре? но уже сделано и я уже начала переводить"?><w>ragæj</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <gloss><q>since olden times</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"><w>raǵy</w>
            <gloss><q>early</q>, <gloss><q>long ago</q></gloss></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵy"><w>æræǵy</w>
            <gloss><q>recently</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærægmæ"><w>ærægmæ</w>
            <gloss><q>late</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵyjaw"><w>æræǵyjaw</w>
            <gloss><q>finally</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragon"><w>ragon</w>
            <gloss><q>old</q>, <gloss><q>ancient</q></gloss></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærygon"><w>ærygon</w>
            <gloss><q>recent</q>, <gloss><q>not old</q></gloss></gloss></ref>. In the first part of
          compound words: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragsom"><w>ragsom</w>
            <gloss><q>tomorrow</q>, <gloss><q>in the morning</q></gloss></gloss></ref> (→
            <w>rajsom</w>); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragacaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragaǧommæ"><w>ragagommæ</w>
            <gloss><q>in advance</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragwalʒæg"><w>ragwalʒæg</w>
            <gloss><q>early spring</q></gloss></ref>; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragvæzzæg"><w>ragvæzzæg</w>
            <gloss><q>early autumn</q></gloss></ref>; see these words</note>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e546" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e288" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">frāk(a)-</m></mentioned> с закономерным для осетинского отпадением
          начального <c>f</c> перед <c>r</c> (ср. преверб <m>ræ</m> из <m>fra-</m> и др.):
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4215e303"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e564" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e304" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>vərōk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e569" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e309" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>firāk</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>завтра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e577" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e317" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">frāk</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e585" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e325" xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
                <w>βrʼk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e590" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e330" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
                <w>frʼk</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>рано</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>утром</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>завтра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e605" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e345" xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
            <w>βrʼkyʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>завтра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e613" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e353" xml:lang="sog"><lang/><w>
              wā-frākat</w>
            <gloss><q>столь рано</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_VJ"/>
                <biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wa"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e635" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e375" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">frāk-</m>, <m>frānk-</m>, <m>fraka-</m>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>976, 1024–1025</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e653" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e393" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>prāk-</m>, <m>prānk-</m>
            <gloss><q>впереди</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>направленный вперед</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
          Сюда <hi rend="bold" rendition="#rend_bold">скифское</hi> имя <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e666" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e409" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Σευραγως</w></mentioned>); = ст.ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæw-"/><oRef/>
          <gloss><q>утренний</q></gloss>, ср. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwmæ"/>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/>
          <gloss><q>рано утром</q></gloss>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4215e426"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e693" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e427" xml:lang="br"><lang/>
              <w>rak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e698" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e432" xml:lang="kw"><lang/>
              <w>rag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e703" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e437" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
              <w>rhag</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>перед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>впереди</q></gloss></mentioned> (фонема <c>p</c>
          в кельтских подвержена исчезновению в любых позициях, что и привело к вторичному сближению
          осетинской и кельтских форм). — Из аланского идет <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e721" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e451" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>rég</w>
            <gloss><q>давно</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e729" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e459" xml:lang="hu"><w>régen</w>
            <gloss><q>давно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прежде</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>в
              старину</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e741" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e471" xml:lang="hu"><w>régi</w>
            <gloss><q>давний</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>старинный</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>древний</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                <biblScope>V 319</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Вариацией слова <oRef/>
          является <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raz"><w>raz</w>
            <gloss><q>перед</q></gloss></ref>, см. это слово; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærygon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærægmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragacaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragaǧommæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragvæzzæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragwalʒæg"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>I 165, 213, 252, 352, 590</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 248</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e288" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e546" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">frāk(a)-</m></mentioned> with a regular for Ossetic dropping of the
          initial <c>f</c> before <c>r</c> (cf. the preverb <m>ræ</m> from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190517+0300" comment="нужно ли здесь где-то mntnd?"?><m>fra-</m><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          etc.): <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4215e563"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e304" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e564" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>vərōk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e309" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e569" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>firāk</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>tomorrow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e317" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e577" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">frāk</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e325" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e585" xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
                <w>βrʼk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e330" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e590" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
                <w>frʼk</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>early</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>in the morning</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>tomorrow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e345" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e605" xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
            <w>βrʼkyʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>tomorrow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e353" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e613" xml:lang="sog"><lang/><w>
              wā-frākat</w>
            <gloss><q>so early</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_VJ"/>
                <biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wa"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e375" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e635" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">frāk-</m>, <m>frānk-</m>, <m>fraka-</m>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>976, 1024–1025</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e393" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e653" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>prāk-</m>, <m>prānk-</m>
            <gloss><q>ahead</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>directed forward</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See
          also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e409" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e666" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">name</note>
            <w>Σευραγως</w></mentioned> =
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190652+0300" comment="а здесь надо mntnd?"?>Old Ossetic<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæw-"/><oRef/>
          <gloss><q>morning (adj.)</q></gloss>, cf. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwmæ"/>
          <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/>
          <gloss><q>early in the morning</q></gloss>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4215e692"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e427" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e693" xml:lang="br"><lang/>
              <w>rak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e432" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e698" xml:lang="kw"><lang/>
              <w>rag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e437" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e703" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
              <w>rhag</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>front</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ahead</q></gloss></mentioned> (the phoneme
            <c>p</c> in Celtic languages is subject to disappearance in any positions, which led to
          a secondary convergence of Ossetic and Celtic forms). — From
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220523T190848+0300" comment="?"?>Alan<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          there is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e451" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e721" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>rég</w>
            <gloss><q>long ago</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e459" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e729" xml:lang="hu"><w>régen</w>
            <gloss><q>long ago</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>before</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>in the old
                days</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4215e471" xml:id="mentioned_d4215e741" xml:lang="hu"><w>régi</w>
            <gloss><q>old</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vintage</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ancient</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                <biblScope>V 319</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                <biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — The variant of the word
          <oRef/> is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raz"><w>raz</w>
            <gloss><q>front</q></gloss></ref>, see this word; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æræǵy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærygon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærægmæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragacaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragaǧommæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_raǵy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragvæzzæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ragwalʒæg"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>I 165, 213, 252, 352, 590</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope>§ 248</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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