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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæræ_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xæræ_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T011222+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5410e66" type="lemma"><orth>xæræ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <sense n="1">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>серый</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>grey</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <re>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T010457+0300" comment="у Абаева нет точки с запятой; исправил, но могло сломаться в другом месте"?>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в сочетании </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in the expression </note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæræ mīǧ</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæræ meǧ(æ)</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">густой туман</q>
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, собственно
                      <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый туман</q></gloss></note>
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">, собственно
                      <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый туман</q></gloss></note>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dense fog</q>
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">, literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey fog</q></gloss></note>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; значение <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q>
            подсказывается синонимичным иронским словосочетанием <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>cʼæx mīǧ</phr></mentioned>, где <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>cʼæx</w>
              <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></ref>; см. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"><w>xærīs</w> | <w>xærwes</w>
              <gloss><q>ива</q></gloss></ref>, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серая
                (<oRef>xær</oRef>) лоза (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīs_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">wīs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">wes</w></ref>)</q>; см. еще
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>xæræg</w>
              <gloss><q>осел</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q></gloss></ref></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q> is suggested by the synonymous Iron expression <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>cʼæx mīǧ</phr></mentioned>, where <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>cʼæx</w>
              <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></ref>; also see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"><w>xærīs</w> | <w>xærwes</w>
              <gloss><q>willow</q></gloss></ref>, literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey
                (<oRef>xær</oRef>) vine (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wīs_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">wīs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">wes</w></ref>)</q>; also see
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>xæræg</w>
              <gloss><q>donkey</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q></gloss></ref></note>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>мрачный</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>gloomy</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zærdi xæræ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">мрак сердца</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> =
                    <gloss><q>мрачное настроение</q>, <q>печаль</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
                  <biblScope>188</biblScope><hi>₅₇</hi></bibl>)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> =
                    <gloss><q>мрачное настроение</q>, <q>печаль</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
                  <biblScope>188</biblScope><hi>₅₇</hi></bibl>)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">heart’s
                gloom</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> = <gloss><q>gloomy mood</q>,
                    <q>grief</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
                  <biblScope>188</biblScope><hi>₅₇</hi></bibl>)</note>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">komy <oRef>xæræ</oRef> mīǧ nybbadt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в ущелье засел густой туман</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dense fog descended into the gorge</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>109—110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ q˳yddag mænæj de ’xsæn <oRef/> mīǧaw
              ærxawd æmæ næ axīcæn kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твое деяние упало между мной и тобой, как
                туман, и разъединило нас</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your act fell between me and you like fog and
                separated us</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> meǧæ ku ærbadtæj komi dumægi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">густой туман засел в конце ущелья</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">deep fog sat down at the end of the ravine</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>1</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">e <oRef/> meǧæ næ woʒænæj, Sari Aslanbegi
              æfsædtæn sæ bæxti komi tulfæ ’j</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то не густой туман, то пар изо рта коней
                воинства Сари Асланбега</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that is not dense fog, that is vapour from the
                mouths of the horses of the armies of Sari Aslanbeg</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Slamærza æ zærdi <oRef>xæræ</oRef> ænkætemæn
              næ ʒoruj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сламарза не говорит всем о своей печали</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Slamærza does not tell everyone of his
                grief</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xe(i)ro-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Merlingen</author>. <title>Idg. <c>x</c>.</title>
                <publisher>Die Scprache</publisher>
                <date>1958</date>
                <biblScope>IV 59</biblScope><hi>₂₃</hi></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср.
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>hārr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>hār</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>серый</q>, <q>седой</q>, <q>седовласый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>hoar</w>
            <gloss><q>седой</q>, также <q>густой туман</q>, <q>иней</q></gloss></mentioned> (на
          германской почве имело место семантическое развитие: <q>седовласый</q> → <q>почтенный</q>
          → <q>господин</q>, отсюда <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Herr</w></mentioned>). Сюда же <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>серый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>šerý</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
              <w>szary</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>II 616—617</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Далее
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
              <w>chory</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>chory</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>темный</q></gloss></mentioned>. На индоиранской почве эта база распознается в
          наименовании осла (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>). В санскрите начальный согласный (и.е. <c>x-</c>) отражен то
          как <c>h-</c>, то как <c>kh-</c>. Ср., с одной стороны, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hāra-hūṇa-</w>
            <gloss>название народа <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">темные гунны</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Mahābhārata</title>
                <biblScope>2 1194, 1844</biblScope>, <biblScope>3
            1991</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , с другой — <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-varṇa-</w>
            <gloss><q>темного (или серого) цвета</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(в документе Крорайна, № 318)</note></mentioned>. Сюда
            <name>Bailey</name> относит <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>khara-</w>
              <gloss><q>темный</q> (?)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>khīraa-</w>
              <gloss><q>мрачный</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xirah</w>
            <gloss><q>темный</q>, <q>мрачный</q>, также <q>туман</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/>
                <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xəṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>muddy, turbid, dirty brown</q></gloss> (</mentioned><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
            <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl><mentioned xml:lang="ps">)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
            <w>xəṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q>, <q>цвета хаки</q></gloss></mentioned>. В ностратическом плане
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned> сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qara</w>
            <gloss><q>темный</q>, <q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>
            <title>Asiatica</title>. <publisher>Festschrift Weller</publisher>,
              <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр.
            12—19</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр. 62</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>48, 58</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xe(i)ro-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Merlingen</author>. <title>Idg. <c>x</c>.</title>
                <publisher>Die Scprache</publisher>
                <date>1958</date>
                <biblScope>IV 59</biblScope><hi>₂₃</hi></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf.
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>hārr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>hār</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>grey</q>, <q>grey-haired</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>hoar</w>
            <gloss><q>grey-haired</q>, also <q>dense fog</q>, <q>frost</q></gloss></mentioned>
          (Germanic underwent the semantic development <q>grey-haired</q> → <q>honorable</q> →
            <q>master</q>, whence <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Herr</w></mentioned>). Here also belong <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>seryj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>šerý</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
              <w>szary</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>grey</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>II 616—617</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Further cf.
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
              <w>chory</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>chory</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>dark</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Indo-Iranian this stem is recognizable in the
          name of the donkey (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>). In Sanskrit the initial consonant (Indo-European <c>x-</c>) is
          reflected at times as <c>h-</c>, at times as <c>kh-</c>. Cf., on the one hand, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hāra-hūṇa-</w>
            <gloss>name of a people <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dark Huns</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Mahābhārata</title>
                <biblScope>2 1194, 1844</biblScope>, <biblScope>3
            1991</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , on the other hand, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-varṇa-</w>
            <gloss><q>dark- (or grey-)coloured</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(in the Krorän documents, № 318)</note></mentioned>.
            <name>Bailey</name> also includes here <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>khara-</w>
              <gloss><q>dark</q> (?)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>khīraa-</w>
              <gloss><q>gloomy</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xirah</w>
            <gloss><q>dark</q>, <q>gloomy</q>, also <q>fog</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/>
                <biblScope>572</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xəṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>muddy, turbid, dirty brown</q></gloss> (</mentioned><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
            <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl><mentioned xml:lang="ps">)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
            <w>xəṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>grey</q>, <q>khaki</q></gloss></mentioned>. On the Nostratic level <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xo(i)ro-</w></mentioned> is connected to <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qara</w>
            <gloss><q>dark</q>, <q>black</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Also see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>
            <title>Asiatica</title>. <publisher>Festschrift Weller</publisher>,
              <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>pp.
            12—19</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>p. 62</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>48, 58</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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