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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyd_3</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_fyd_3" n="3" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1100e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fyd</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1100e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fud</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>дурной</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>bad</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e82"><sense xml:id="sense_d1100e83"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>зло</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>evil</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1100e92"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>беда</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>misfortune</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1100e102">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">В сложных словах господствует <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyd</hi> |
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi>: </note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"><hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi> prevails in compound words: </note>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e110">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e112" type="lemma"><orth>fydæbon</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e115"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>му́ка</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>torment</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e126">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e128" type="lemma"><orth>fydaz</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e131"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>дурной год</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>bad year</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e142">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e144" type="lemma"><orth>fydzaman</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e147"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>дурное время</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>bad time</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e159">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e161" type="lemma"><orth>fydgænæg</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e164"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>злодей</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>villain</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e175">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e177" type="lemma"><orth>fydwag</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e180"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>злонравный</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>ill-natured</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e191">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e193" type="lemma"><orth>fydzærdæ</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e196"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>враждебный</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>hostile</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e207">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e209" type="lemma"><orth>fydvændæg</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e212"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>несчастный путь</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>unhappy way</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e223">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e225" type="lemma"><orth>fydlæg</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e228"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>злонравный мужчина</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>ill-natured man</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e239">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e241" type="lemma"><orth>fydsyl</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e244"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>злонравная женщина</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>ill-natured woman</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1100e256">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1100e258" type="lemma"><orth>fydx˳yz</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e261"><sense xml:id="sense_d1100e262"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>кто плохо выглядит</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>person who looks bad</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1100e271"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>худой</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>thin</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                    </re>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1100e284">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1100e286" type="lemma"><orth>styr fyd</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1100e289"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>большая беда</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>big trouble</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Ант. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz"/>. Употребляется также в значении наречия ‘очень’ и как послелог со
                        значением ‘из-за’, ‘по недостатку’ (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydæj"/> |
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fudæj</hi>)</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. The antonyms are <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz"/>. It is also used as an adverb in the meaning
                        ‘very’ and as a postposition with the meaning ‘because of’ (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydæj"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fudæj</hi>)</note>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1100e314">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e316">
                        <quote>ældar fyd læg ū</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>алдар злой человек</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>aldar is an evil man</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e335">
                        <quote>fyd bon æmæ fyd læg bīræ næ xæssync</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>дурная погода и дурной человек долго не протянут</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>bad weather and a bad person won't last long</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            204</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e354">
                        <quote>fyd æznag næ byn kodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>злой враг вел нас к гибели</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>evil enemy led us to death</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e373">
                        <quote>Gaglojtæ fyd vænd yskodtoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Гаглоевы замыслили недоброе</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>The Gagloyevs have planned something unkind</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            158</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e392">
                        <quote>fyd, xorz æm ma sʒūr</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ни дурного, ни хорошего ему не говори</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>tell him neither bad, nor good</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e412">
                        <quote>cy fyd dyl ærcyd?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>что за беда тебя постигла?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>what kind of trouble befell you?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e427">
                        <quote>sluzbæjy bazonʒæn cardæn jæ tækkæ fyd ad</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>на службе он узнает самую горечь („дурной вкус“) жизни</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he will learn the very bitterness (“bad taste”) of life, while
                                serving</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e446" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ew fud læg, Axsaqtemur, zæǧgæ, sæ xæccæ xattæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>один злой человек, называемый Ахсактемур, ходил с ними
                                (небожителями)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>one evil man called Ahsaktemur walked with them (the inhabitants of
                                heaven)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>19%l7–8%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e468" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>mæ ragon fudtæ min mæ zærdi æriftudtaj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ты напомнил мне мои старые беды</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>you reminded me of my old troubles</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>35%l7%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e490" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>fud xabar</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q rendition="rend_singlequotes">недобрая весть</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q rendition="rend_singlequotes">bad news</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e514">
                        <quote>bony fyd yn fæwæt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>да постигнет его несчастье дня</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>may the misfortune of the day befall him</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (ср. выражение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bony farn</hi> ‘фарн дня’
                            (?))</note>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (compare with the expression %ibony
                            farn%i ‘Khvarenah of the day’ (?))</note>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            94</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1100e541">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e543">
                        <quote>fyd ræsuǧd ū ūcy ḱyzg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>та девушка очень („чертовски“) красива</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>that girl is very (“damn”) beautiful</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e558" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>adtæj mæ fidæ kurmæ læg, fud dæsni fænduræj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>был мой отец слепой, очень искусный (в игре) на фандуре</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>my father was blind, very skilled at (playing) fandur</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e580" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>(bæxtæ) sæ kʼæxtæbæl nixxattæncæ læǧuz nædti fudæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(лошади) свалились с ног из-за плохих дорог</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(horses) fell off their feet because of bad roads</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>242%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e602" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ci nizguli dæ mæn fudæj?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>почему ты забеспокоилась из-за меня?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>why are you worried about me?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e624" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>avd wæjugemæn se ʽnsuvær ramardta ma si oj fudæj… tog
                            dardta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он убил у семи великанов брата и из-за этого был должен им кровь</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he killed the brother of the seven giants and because of this he owed
                                them blood</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>3%l8%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1100e647" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Gabici fudæj ba ǧavæn zæǧunmæ ew-duwwæ ʒurdi</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>по поводу Габица мы намерены сказать пару слов</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>we intend to say a few words about Gabits</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>295%l3%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1100e672" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w/></mentioned>, прош. причастию от <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1100e677" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*pū-*pūta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>гнить</q></gloss></mentioned>, и, стало быть, значит собственно
                    ‘гнилой’ (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æmbujun</hi> ‘гнить’).
                    Такая идеосемантика находит подкрепление и в том, что глагол <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fawyn"/> ‘хулить’, ‘порицать’ также связывается с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pū-</hi>,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pav-</hi> ‘гнить’, ‘гноить’. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e759" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e689" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>pūti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>гнилой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e768" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e698" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>скверный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e774" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e704" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>pūtidus</w>
                        <gloss><q>гнилой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e782" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e712" xml:lang="la"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>противный</q></gloss></mentioned>. По употреблению в первой части
                    сложных слов <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi> отвечает древнеиранскому <hi rendition="#rend_italic">duž-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">duš-</hi>;
                    последнее сохранилось только в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/>
                    ‘потрепанный’ (ср. новое <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydq0yn"/>
                    ‘взъерошенный’). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"/> и др. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fawyn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 155</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>166, 213</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1100e742" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*pūta-</w></mentioned>, a past participle of <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1100e747" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*pū-</w>
                        <gloss><q>rot</q></gloss></mentioned>, and thus, it means ‘rotten’ (compare
                    with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbyjyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æmbujun</hi> ‘rot’). Such
                    ideosemantics is reinforced by the fact that the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fawyn"/> ‘abuse’, ‘reproach’ is also connected to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pū-</hi>,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pav-</hi> ‘rot’, ‘let rot’. Compare with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e689" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e759" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>pūti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>rotten</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e698" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e768" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e704" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e774" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>pūtidus</w>
                        <gloss><q>rotten</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1100e712" xml:id="mentioned_d1100e782" xml:lang="la"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the usage in the first part of
                    compound words, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi> corresponds to Old Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">duž-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">duš-</hi>;
                    the latter is retained only in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/> ‘shabby’
                    (compare with the new word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydq0yn"/>
                    ‘dishevelled’). Compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydgūl"/> etc. See
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fawyn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 155</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>166, 213</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="internal">должна быть точка перед пресабэнтри груп</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>