<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sæmæn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_sæmæn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d268e66" type="lemma"><orth>sæmæn</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d268e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>ось</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>axle</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sæmæjnag</w>
            <gloss><q>материал (дерево, железо) для изготовления оси</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sæmæjnag</w>
            <gloss><q>material (wood, iron) for making an axle</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ḱermen sūg lasynmæ wydīs, æmæ Qobanmæ xæstæg
              jæ <oRef>sæmæny</oRef> kʼūbal asast</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Чермен вез дрова, и недалеко от (селения) Кобан
                у него сломалась шейка оси</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Chermen was carrying firewood, and near Koban
                (the village) the journal of his axle broke down</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 213</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">calx <oRef>sæmænæj</oRef> asqīwdta, sæmæn
              jæxī ærcavta qæbær zæxxyl æmæ fæsastī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колесо соскочило с оси, ось стукнулась о
                твердую землю и сломалась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wheel slipped from the axle, the axle hit
                the solid ground and broke down</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ duwwæ calxemæj æ <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæmæni</oRef> zærond feftawaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он вынимает старую ось из двух колес</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he takes an old axle out from two wheels</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>146</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æsson ǧædærdæmæ isevǧadæj færæti xæccæ, —
              ænǧæl dæn <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæmæjnag</oRef> æj ærkænun ǧudæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">балкарец прошел в сторону леса с топором,—
                кажется, ему нужно было срубить (дерево) для оси</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Balkarian went towards a forest with an
                axe: it seems that he needed to chop down a tree for [making] an axle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Названия колесницы (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/>) и ее частей
            (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/>
          <gloss><q>оглобля</q></gloss>,<ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>
          <gloss><q>колесо</q></gloss>) относятся (кроме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yffæ"/>
          <gloss><q>кузов</q></gloss>) к древнему иранскому фонду. Название оси принадлежит к этой
          унаследованной группе. Оно восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">samyana-</w></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡamya-</w>
            <gloss><q>палка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стержень</q></gloss>, <w>yuga-ṡamya-</w>
            <gloss><q>ярмо с занозами</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>yuγō-səmi-</w> id. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author>.
                  <title>Les composés de l'Avesta</title>, <pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1936, стр. 44. 45</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>simā-</w>, <w>simōiθrā-</w> названия частей ярма
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
                <biblScope>274—275</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sīm</w>
            <gloss><q>ярмо быков</q></gloss><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>, <w>sama</w>
            <gloss><q>pièce de bois qui forme le joug des boeufs</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="psh"><lang/>
            <w>samaṇ</w>, <w>samaṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>палочка ярма</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>saman-čup</w> id. (<w>čup</w>
            <gloss><q>палочка</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>sām</w>
            <gloss><q>yokepeg</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 247</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (из иран.)
              <w>samik</w>
            <gloss><q>заноза ярма</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv" extralang="da"><lang/>
            <w>hammel</w>
            <gloss><q>поперечный брус впереди повозки, к которому прикрепляются
              постромки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>xάμαξ</w>
            <gloss><q>шест</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жердь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>палка</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>стержень</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>древко копья</q></gloss></mentioned>. Та
          же база в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡamba-</w>
            <gloss><q>жердь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кол</q></gloss>, в PB <gloss><q>дубинка
              Индры</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>556</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III s.v.</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Silvestri</author>. <title>La
              base tematica <w type="rec">ḱam-</w></title>. <publisher>L’italia
              dialettale</publisher>
            <biblScope>1969 XXXII 41—62</biblScope></bibl>).<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Из ар. <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><w>ṡamba-</w>
            </mentioned> Eeva <name>Uotila</name> производит <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">sampa</w>
              <gloss><q>столб</q></gloss>, <w>Sambo</w>
              <gloss><q>чудесная мельница в Калевале</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><title>серия <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Euroasiatica</q> II:4</title>,
                <pubPlace>Napoli</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
                6—11</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          Значения <gloss><q>ось</q></gloss>, с одной стороны, и <gloss><q>заноза ярма</q></gloss> и
          пр., с другой, представляют разные специализации общего значения
            <gloss><q>стержень</q></gloss>, наличного в древнеиндийском и греческом. По форманту
            (<c>-æn</c> из <c>-ana-</c>) ср. в особенности <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hamen</w>
            <gloss><q>хомут</q></gloss></mentioned>. О различии вокализма в иранских формах см.:
              <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Henning Memorial</title>
            <biblScope>417—418</biblScope></bibl>. — Из осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>səma</w>, мн. ч. <w>semanaś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>soa</w>, мн. ч. <w>soanaš</w>
            <gloss><q>ось</q></gloss> (с закономерным выпадением губного <c>m</c> между
            гласными)</mentioned>. Отметим, что и название арбы чечено-ингушский усвоил из
          осетинского: <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>vorda</w>, мн. ч.
            <w>vordanaš</w></mentioned>. Ос. <oRef/> послужило, видимо, источником и для <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-imer"><lang/>
            <w>salmana</w>
            <gloss><q>оглобля</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
            <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang>Русск.
              (диал.)</lang>
            <w>сабан</w> в значении <gloss><q>мачтовое дерево</q></gloss>, а также <gloss><q>козлы
                для пилки дров</q></gloss> следует, быть может, отделять от <w>сабан</w>
            <gloss><q>плуг</q></gloss> (из тюркского, где наличны только значения
              <gloss><q>плуг</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пашня</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>яровой
              хлеб</q></gloss>)</mentioned> и связать с ос. <oRef/>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w>fsonʒ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīvʒ"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The names of the cart (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/>) and its
          parts (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/>
          <gloss><q>shaft</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>
          <gloss><q>wheel</q></gloss>) belongs (except <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yffæ"/>
          <gloss><q>body of a bullock-cart</q></gloss>) to Old Iranian foundation. The name of an
          axle belongs to this inherited group. It goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">samyana-</w></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡamya-</w>
            <gloss>stick</gloss>, <gloss><q>rod</q></gloss>, <w>yuga-ṡamya-</w>
            <gloss><q>yoke with latches </q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>yuγō-səmi-</w> id. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author>.
                  <title>Les composés de l'Avesta</title>, <pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1936, p. 44. 45</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>simā-</w>,
              <w>simōiθrā-</w> names of parts of a yoke <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
                <biblScope>274—275</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sīm</w>
            <gloss><q>yoke for bulls</q></gloss><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>, <w>sama</w>
            <gloss><q>pièce de bois qui forme le joug des boeufs</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="psh"><lang/>
            <w>samaṇ</w>, <w>samaṛ</w>
            <gloss><q>yoke stick</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>saman-čup</w> id. (<w>čup</w>
            <gloss><q>stick</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>sām</w>
            <gloss><q>yokepeg</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 247</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (from Iranian)
              <w>samik</w>
            <gloss><q>latch of a yoke</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv" extralang="da"><lang/>
            <w>hammel</w>
            <gloss><q>a cross bar in front of a cart to which traces are
            attached</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>xάμαξ</w>
            <gloss><q>pole</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>perch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>stick</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>rod</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spear shaft</q></gloss></mentioned>. The same
          base has <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ṡamba-</w>
            <gloss><q>pole</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>stacke</q></gloss>, in RV <gloss><q>Indra's
                baton</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>556</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III s.v.</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Silvestri</author>. <title>La
              base tematica <w type="rec">ḱam-</w></title>. <publisher>L’italia
              dialettale</publisher>
            <biblScope>1969 XXXII 41—62</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Eeva
              <name>Uotila</name> traces <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">sampa</w>
              <gloss><q>pillar</q></gloss>, <w>Sambo</w>
              <gloss><q>the wonderful mill in Kalevala</q></gloss></mentioned> to Arabic <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><w>ṡamba-</w>
            </mentioned> (<bibl><title>serija <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Euroasiatica</q>
                II:4</title>, <pubPlace>Napoli</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
                6—11</biblScope></bibl>)</note> The meanings <gloss><q>axle</q></gloss>, on the one
          hand, and <gloss><q>latch of a yoke</q></gloss> etc., on the other, are different
          specializations of a general meaning <gloss><q>rod</q></gloss>, which is present in Old
          Indian and Greek. As for the formant (<c>-æn</c> from <c>-ana-</c>), cf., in particular,
            <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hamen</w>
            <gloss><q>yoke</q></gloss></mentioned>. About the difference of the vocalism in Iranian
          forms see: <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Henning Memorial</title>
            <biblScope>417—418</biblScope></bibl>. — <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>səma</w>, pl. <w>semanaś</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>soa</w>, pl. <w>soanaš</w>
            <gloss><q>axle</q></gloss> (with a regular drop of a labial <c>m</c> between
            vowels)</mentioned> go back to Ossetic. Note that Chechen and Ingush borrowed also the
          name of a bullock-cart from Ossetic: <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>vorda</w>, pl. <w>vordanaš</w></mentioned>. Ossetic <oRef/>, apparently, served as a
          source of <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-imer"><lang/>
            <w>salmana</w>
            <gloss><q>shaft</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
            <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>saban</w> in the meaning <gloss><q>mast tree</q></gloss> and also <gloss><q>bench for
                sawing wood</q></gloss> must, possibly, be separated from <w>saban</w>
            <gloss><q>a plow</q></gloss> (from Turkic, where only meanings <gloss><q>a
              plow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>an arable land</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230109T195930+0300" comment="яровой хлеб?"?>a
                spring bread<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>)</mentioned> and linked to Ossetuc
          <oRef/>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætænaǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w>fsonʒ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīvʒ"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
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