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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tofra</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_tofra" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T203618+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5266e66" type="lemma"><orth>tofra</orth><form type="variant"><orth>topra</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>dobra</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5266e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>торба</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>nose bag</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (сума с ячменем, овсом и т. п., надеваемая лошадям на
            морду)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (bag with barley, oats, etc. put on the horse
            muzzle)</note>
        </sense>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>tobra</w>, <w>topra</w>, <w>torba</w>
            <gloss><q>мешок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сума</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1189, 1233</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>I 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>490</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
                <biblScope>II 592–596</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>dobra</w>
            <note type="comment">id.</note></mentioned> Представлено также в иранских и индоарийских
          языках: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tōbra</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<cit>
                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
                  <biblScope>I 376</biblScope>:</bibl>
                <quote><quote>Est vox hindica... in persicam linguam translata, quam Turcae... in
                    torba... commutarunt</quote></quote>
              </cit>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>tobra</w>, <w>tubra</w>
            <gloss><q>сумка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мешок</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>торба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ur"><lang/>
            <w>tōbrā</w>
            <gloss><q>мешок с кормом</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(подвешивается к морде лошади)</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Бескровный</author> и <author>Баранников</author>.
                  <title>Хинди-русск. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1953</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              497</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bn"><lang/>
            <w>tōbṛā</w></mentioned>. Заимствовано в славянские языки: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="bg uk"><lang>русск., укр., болг.</lang>
              <w>торба</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh" extralang="cs pl"><lang>сербо-хорв., пол., чеш.</lang>
              <w>torba</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
                <biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; в кавказские языки:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>topra</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                  <biblScope>IV 476</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
              <w>topra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>turba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>dorbä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tʼormi</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>сумка</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Как видим, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl> считал родиной этого слова Индию. К такому выводу
          склоняется и <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/></bibl>. Ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
            <biblScope>340, № 5972</biblScope></bibl>. Для осетинского источником заимствования были
          тюркские или кавказские языки. Форма <oRef>dobra</oRef> идет, вероятно, из
          балкарского.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>tobra</w>, <w>topra</w>, <w>torba</w>
            <gloss><q>bad</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pouch</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1189, 1233</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>I 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>490</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
                <biblScope>II 592–596</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>dobra</w>
            <note type="comment">id.</note></mentioned> Also present in Iranian and Indo-Aryan
          languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tōbra</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<cit>
                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
                  <biblScope>I 376</biblScope>:</bibl>
                <quote><quote>Est vox hindica... in persicam linguam translata, quam Turcae... in
                    torba... commutarunt</quote></quote>
              </cit>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>tobra</w>, <w>tubra</w>
            <gloss><q>bag</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sack</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>nose
            bag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ur"><lang/>
            <w>tōbrā</w>
            <gloss><q>bag with food</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(hangs on the horse muzzle)</note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Beskrovnyj</author> and <author>Barannikov</author>.
                  <title>Hindi-russkij slovarʼ</title> [Hindi-Russian dictionary].
                  <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1953</date>, <biblScope>p.
                497</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bn"><lang/>
            <w>tōbṛā</w></mentioned>. Borrowed into Slavic languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="bg uk"><lang>Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian</lang>
              <w>torba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh" extralang="cs pl"><lang>Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Czech</lang>
              <w>torba</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
                <biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; into Caucasian languages:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>topra</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                  <biblScope>IV 476</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
              <w>topra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>turba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>dorbä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tʼormi</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>bag</q></gloss></mentioned>. — As we see, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl> considered India to be the birthplace of this word.
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/></bibl> also tends to this conclusion.
          Cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
            <biblScope>340, № 5972</biblScope></bibl>. For Ossetic, the source of borrowing were
          Turkic or Caucasian languages. The form <oRef>dobra</oRef> is probably from Balkar.</etym>
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