<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arǧ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_arǧ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240103T003208+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d4400e66" type="lemma"><orth>arǧ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d4400e69">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4400e70">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>цена</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>price</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4400e79">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>выкуп</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>ransom</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4400e89">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e91">
                        <quote><oRef>arǧ</oRef> nal wyd mæ k˳ystæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не было больше цены моей работе</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>my work no longer had any value</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e110">
                        <quote>komy <oRef>arǧ</oRef> læg</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>человек, который стоит (целого) ущелья</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a man who is worth a (whole) gorge</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e125">
                        <quote>fonʒ somy <oRef>arǧ</oRef> ʒūl balxæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>купи на пять рублей хлеба</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>buy five rubles’ (worth of) bread</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e140">
                        <quote>kænæ cavær <oRef>arǧ</oRef> radʒæn læg jæ ūdy bæsty?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>или какой выкуп даст человек за душу свою?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>…or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
                            <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">8</hi> 37</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e159">
                        <quote>rarvītūt axæst <oRef>arǧ</oRef>;
                            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155033+0300" comment="NB: &quot;сто сотен&quot; как сӕдӕ сӕдӕ, сущ. во мн.ч."?>sædæ
                            sædæ īwsion galtæ<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>вышлите выкуп за пленного: сто сотен однорогих быков</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>send ransom for the captive:
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155117+0300" comment="not sure about the syntax of the translatoin (the original is also unusual)"?>a
                                hundred hundreds of one-horned bulls<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
                            <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e179">
                        <quote>læværdta myn jæ særy bæsty styr <oRef>arǧ</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>давала мне за себя (<q>за свою голову</q>) большой выкуп</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>she gave me a large
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155253+0300" comment="I am not sure if ransom is the right translation in this case"?>ransom<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                                for herself (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155226+0300" comment="replaced Abaev&apos;s translation by a more literal one"?>instead
                                    of her head<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Puškin._Arhau"/>
                            <biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e198">
                        <quote>jæ nyxasæn īw ḱysyl <oRef>arǧ</oRef> yskænūt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>хоть немного уважьте его слово</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>give at least a little respect (lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">price</q>) for his word</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
                            <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e217" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>aslan <oRef>arǧæj</oRef> ǧog balxædton</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>по дешевой цене я купил корову</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>for a
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155432+0300" comment="&quot;small price&quot; would be better in English, but Ossetic (and Abaev&apos;s translation) literally has &quot;cheap price&quot;"?>cheap
                                price<?oxy_comment_end ?> I bought a cow</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. — В то время как термины денег и денежного
                    обращения являются в осетинском относительно новыми и усвоенными извне (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxca"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_som_2"/>,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuman"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9"><w>kapekk</w></ref>), термины <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">торговли</hi> относятся к старому иранскому
                    фонду, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"><w>lxænyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>покупать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæj"><phr>wæj kænyn</phr>
                        <gloss><q>продавать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdyn"><w>fīdyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>платить</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myzd"><w>myzd</w>
                        <gloss><q>плата</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
                        <gloss><q>пленный</q></gloss></ref>. Все эти термины идут еще из той
                    относительно ранней эпохи, которую отражают древнейшие памятники и других
                    индоевропейских народов, когда торговля сводилась к натуральному обмену и
                    обычной меновой единицей служил скот (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
                        <biblScope>s. v. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Нandel</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Geld</q></biblScope></bibl>).
                    Из<oRef/> с присоединением <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"><w>zyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>трудный</q></gloss></ref> образовано <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"><w>zynarǧ</w>
                        <gloss><q>дорогой</q></gloss></ref>; более новыми для осетинского являются
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazar"><w>qazar</w>
                        <gloss><q>дорогой</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aslam"><w>aslam</w>
                        <gloss><q>дешевый</q></gloss></ref>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"><w>pajda</w>
                        <gloss><q>барыш</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zian"><w>zian</w>
                        <gloss><q>убыток</q></gloss></ref>, равно как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_1"><w>xarʒ</w>
                        <gloss><q/></gloss></ref>.</note>
                <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">— While the terms for money and money circulation
                    are relatively new in Ossetic and are borrowed from other languages (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxca"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_som_2"/>,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuman"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9"><w>kapekk</w></ref>), the terms of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">trade</hi> belong to the old Iranian vocabulary,
                    see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"><w>lxænyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to buy</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæj"><phr>wæj kænyn</phr>
                        <gloss><q>to sell</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdyn"><w>fīdyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to pay</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myzd"><w>myzd</w>
                        <gloss><q>payment</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
                        <gloss><q>captive</q></gloss></ref>. All these terms come from the
                    relatively early period, also reflected in the most ancient sources for other
                    Indo-European peoples, when trade was reduced to natural exchange and cattle
                    served as the usual unit of exchange (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
                        <biblScope>s.v. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Нandel</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Geld</q></biblScope></bibl>). The
                    combination of <oRef/> with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"><w>zyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>difficult</q></gloss></ref> resulted in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"><w>zynarǧ</w>
                        <gloss><q>expensive</q></gloss></ref>; the more recent terms for Ossetic
                    are: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazar"><w>qazar</w>
                        <gloss><q>expensive</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aslam"><w>aslam</w>
                        <gloss><q>cheap</q></gloss></ref>, as well as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"><w>pajda</w>
                        <gloss><q>profit</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zian"><w>zian</w>
                        <gloss><q>loss, damage</q></gloss></ref>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_1"><w>xarʒ</w>
                        <gloss><q>expense</q></gloss></ref></note>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Ос. <oRef/> имеет многочисленные иранские и индоевропейские
                    соответствия: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e459" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e309" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">arɣ</w> (<w>ʼrɣ</w>) <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e467" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e317" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>arz</w>
                        <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e475" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e325" xml:lang="fa"><w>arzīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e481" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e331" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>arǰ</w>
                        <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e489" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e339" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из иранского?
                                    <bibl><author>Pedersen</author>
                                <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
                                <biblScope>36, 76</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                        <w>yargem</w>
                        <gloss><q>ценю</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e504" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e354" xml:lang="xcl"><w>yargun</w>
                        <gloss><q>ценный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e510" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e360" xml:lang="xcl"><w>anarg</w>
                        <gloss><q>недостойный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ничтожный</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231231T155617+0300" comment="check what exactly this refers to"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
                                <biblScope>I
                        447</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e526" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e376" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>arəg-</w>
                        <gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e534" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e384" xml:lang="ae"><w>arəjah-</w>
                        <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e541" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e391" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>arghá-</w>
                        <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e549" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e399" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>arh-</w>
                        <gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e555" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e405" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>alga</w>
                        <gloss><q>плата</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e563" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e413" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἀλφή</w>
                        <gloss><q>прибыль</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e571" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e421" xml:lang="hu"><lang>Венг.</lang>
                        <w>ár</w>
                        <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned> одни склонны считать усвоенным из
                    осетинского (аланского): <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>
                        <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                        <biblScope>IV 381</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope>96, 97</biblScope></bibl>; другие рассматривают <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ár</w></mentioned> как исконно угро-финское: <bibl><author>Z. Gombосz és
                            J. Мeliсh</author>. <title>Magyar etymologiai szótàr</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">116 сл.</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
                            <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The Ossetic <oRef/> has numerous Iranian and Indo-European
                    correspondences: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e309" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e459" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">arɣ</w> (<w>ʼrɣ</w>) <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e317" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e467" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>arz</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e325" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e475" xml:lang="fa"><w>arzīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e331" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e481" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>arǰ</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e339" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e489" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(from Iranian?
                                    <bibl><author>Pedersen</author>
                                <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
                                <biblScope>36, 76</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                        <w>yargem</w>
                        <gloss><q>(I) value</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e354" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e504" xml:lang="xcl"><w>yargun</w>
                        <gloss><q>valuable</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e360" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e510" xml:lang="xcl"><w>anarg</w>
                        <gloss><q>unworthy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>insignificant</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231231T155617+0300" comment="check what exactly this refers to"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
                                <biblScope>I
                        447</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e376" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e526" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>arəg-</w>
                        <gloss><q>to cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e384" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e534" xml:lang="ae"><w>arəjah-</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e391" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e541" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>arghá-</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e399" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e549" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>arh-</w>
                        <gloss><q>to cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e405" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e555" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>alga</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e413" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e563" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>ἀλφή</w>
                        <gloss><q>profit</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e421" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e571" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ár</w>
                        <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>is considered by some to be a
                    loanword from Ossetic (Alanic): <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>
                        <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                        <biblScope>IV 381</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope>96, 97</biblScope></bibl>; others consider <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ár</w></mentioned> a native Finno-Ugric word: <bibl><author>Z. Gombосz és
                            J. Мeliсh</author>
                        <title>Magyar etymologiai szótàr</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">116
                            ff.</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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