<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sæ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_sæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4844e66" type="lemma"><orth>sæ</orth></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <def xml:lang="ru">личное местоим. 3-го лица мн. ч. (энклит.) </def>
          <def xml:lang="en">third-person plural pronoun (enclitic) </def>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>их</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>them</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sæ</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>si</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <sense>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в них</q>
                </tr>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in them</q>
                </tr>
              </sense>
              <sense>
                <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                  <q>от них</q>
                </abv:tr>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">of them</q>
                </tr>
              </sense>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syn</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sin</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">им</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to them</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sæm</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sæmæ</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <sense>
                <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                  <q>к ним</q>
                </abv:tr>
                <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                  <q>towards them</q>
                </abv:tr>
              </sense>
              <sense>
                <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                  <q>у них</q>
                </abv:tr>
                <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                  <q>from them</q>
                </abv:tr>
              </sense>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syl</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sæbæl</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на них</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on them</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>semæ</orth></form>
            <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(sæ xæccæ)</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с ними</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with them</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
              <biblScope>§ 67</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
              <biblScope>I 401</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
              <biblScope>§ 67</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
              <biblScope>I 401</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <def xml:lang="ru">притяж. местоим. 3-го лица мн. ч. (краткий вид) </def>
          <def xml:lang="en">third-person plural posessive pronoun (proclitic) </def>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>их</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>their</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
              <biblScope>§ 70</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
              <biblScope>403</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
              <biblScope>§ 70</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
              <biblScope>403</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond Soltan <oRef>sæ</oRef>... fyldær
              warzta, dardta sæ būcdær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старый Солтан любил их (дочерей) больше, больше
                их нежил</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old Soltan loved them (the daughters) more,
                more canoodled them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rajsta <oRef>sæ</oRef> Wyryzmæg (ḱyzǵy,
              bajraǵy æmæ qævdyny), jæ xæʒarmæ <oRef>sæ</oRef> raxasta æmæ sæ sqomyl kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">взял их Урызмаг (девочку, жеребенка и щенка),
                отнес их в свой дом и вырастил их</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg took them (a girl, a foal and a
                puppy), carried them into his house and raised them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ <oRef>sæm</oRef> fædæn sæny qæstæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я у них не пробовал вина</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I haven't tried their wine</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyng zærdiagæj <oRef>syn</oRef> arfætæ
              rakodta, buznyg syn zaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">очень сердечно поблагодарил их, сказал им
                спасибо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he thanked them very heartily, said thanks to
                them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ba-sæmæ-cudæj ma <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæ</oRef> færsuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подошел к ним и спрашивает их</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[he] has come to them and asks them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>13₁₁</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...ma <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sin</oRef>
              læqwæn rajgurdæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...и у них родился мальчик</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...and they gave birth to a boy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>1₄</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sajnæg-ældar <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sin</oRef> otæ razæǧuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сайнаг-алдар так им говорит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince Sajnæg says them so</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>61₂₉₄</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qalon <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæbæl</oRef> ærwardtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наложили на них дань</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] laid a tribute on them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 91</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew sæǧæ ba <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si
              </oRef>kʼulax razindtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна коза из них (коз) оказалась хромой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of them (the goats) turned up to be
                lame</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwivæ <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si </oRef>
              næbal ærizdaxtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двое из них не вернулись</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two of them didn't return</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si </oRef>
              (fættæj) xani særi ninnæxstæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна из них (стрел) вонзилась в голову хана</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of them (of the arrows) pierced the Khan'd
                head</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>14₁₂</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sæ</oRef> bæxtæ <oRef>sæ</oRef>
              kæstærtæm radtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">своих коней они передали своим младшим
                (парням)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they gave their horses to their youngsters</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæ</oRef> wacæ
              roxsæj cæstæ tar kænaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их божественный свет слепит глаз</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their divine light dazzles the eye</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>57₁₂₆</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Примыкает к энклитическому местоимению 3-го лица в ряде иранских языков:
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>, <w>-šān</w>
            <gloss><q>их</q></gloss> ( <phr>mi-bīnam-šan</phr></mentioned> = ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>wynyn sæ</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я вижу их</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>mi-dāram-šān</phr></mentioned> = ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>daryn sæ</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я имею их</q></gloss></mentioned>) <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>
            <w>-šān</w>, <gloss><q>их</q></gloss> (<phr>u-šān miyān</phr></mentioned> = ос.
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>æmæ sæ mīdæg</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...и среди них</q></gloss></mentioned>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ему</q></gloss> и пp., <w>-šint</w>, <w>-šin</w>
            <gloss><q>их</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>им</q></gloss> и пр.
            (<phr>awxare-šint</phr></mentioned> = ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>axordta sæ</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">он их съел</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><phr>i wasa-šint vəta</phr></mentioned> = ос. д. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>ew wæss sin adtæj</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">у них был один теленок</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
            <biblScope>325, 327</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>šy</w>, <w>šw</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ему</q></gloss> и пр., <w>šn</w>, <w>šnt</w>,
              <w>šʼnt</w>
            <gloss><q>их</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>им</q></gloss> и пр.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
            <biblScope>II 118—119, 130</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">§§ 1386 сл.</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>-ša-</w>, <w>-ši-</w>, <w>-šim</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>, <w>-šaiy</w>
            <gloss><q>его</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ему</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>у него</q></gloss>,
              <w>-šiš</w>
            <gloss><q>их</q></gloss>, <w>-šām</w>
            <gloss><q>их</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>им</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
            <biblScope>1721 — 1727</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kent</author>. <title>Old
              Persian</title>. <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1953, стр. 67—68, 210</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Brandenstein—Mayrhofer</author>
            <title>Handbuch des Altpersischen</title>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1964, стр. 67, 143</biblScope></bibl>). Происхождение этих энклитик, за исключением
          некоторых деталей образования, можно считать выясненным. Они восходят к индоевропейской
          местоименной частице <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>so</w>, <w>sā</w>, <w>sī</w>
            <gloss><q>тот</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>та</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>sa-</w>, <w>si-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <w>so</w>, <w>sā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>sa</w>, <w>sō</w>, <w>sī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δ</w>, <w>η</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>978</biblScope></bibl>). Доиранское <c>s</c> дает в иранском <c>h</c>, и
          соответствующие формы мы действительно находим в Авесте (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ha-</w>, <w>hā</w>, <w>hāu</w>
            <gloss><q>он</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тот</q></gloss></mentioned>), древнеперсидском
            (<mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>hauv</w>
            <gloss><q>он</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тот</q></gloss></mentioned>). Но в положении после
            <c>i</c>, <c>u</c> доиранское <c>s</c> переходило в <c>š</c> (<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>ša-</w>, <w>ši-</w></mentioned>). Эти сандхические формы и были
          обобщены в осетинском и в названных выше иранских языках в качестве энклитических
          местоимений 3-го лица. В отличие от других иранских языков, где они служат энклитиками ед.
          и мн. числа, осетинский закрепил их за мн. числом. Но д. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>si</w></mentioned> может относиться и к ед. числу: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stæn zinnuj <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si</oRef> i fecawæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">редко виден в нем (в ущелье) путник</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">редко виден в нем (в ущелье) путник</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew kuj <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si</oRef>
              ǧær newuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна собака в нем (в ауле) громко воет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна собака в нем (в ауле) громко воет</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæ_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næ_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæ"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 151</biblScope></bibl> [<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ср.
                <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/> энклит. форму <w>šām</w> (gen. pl.)</mentioned>.
              Подробности не совсем ясны</q></quote>]; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl> (ссылка на <name>Hübschmann</name>’a, который сближает
          с <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>šaiy</w>, <w>šām</w>, <w>šim</w></mentioned>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The word is etymologically connected with the third-person enclitic
          pronoun of the some of the Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>, <w>-šān</w>
            <gloss><q>them</q></gloss> ( <phr>mi-bīnam-šan</phr></mentioned> = Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>wynyn sæ</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I see them</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><phr>mi-dāram-šān</phr></mentioned> = Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>daryn sæ</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">I have them</q></gloss></mentioned>) <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>
            <w>-šān</w>, <gloss><q>them</q></gloss> (<phr>u-šān miyān</phr></mentioned> = Ossetic
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>æmæ sæ mīdæg</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...and among them</q></gloss></mentioned>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>-š</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to him</q></gloss> etc, <w>-šint</w>, <w>-šin</w>
            <gloss><q>them</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to them</q></gloss> etc.
            (<phr>awxare-šint</phr></mentioned> = Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>axordta sæ</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">he ate them</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><phr>i wasa-šint vəta</phr></mentioned> = Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>ew wæss sin adtæj</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">they had one calf</q></gloss></mentioned>
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
            <biblScope>325, 327</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>šy</w>, <w>šw</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to him</q></gloss> etc., <w>šn</w>, <w>šnt</w>,
              <w>šʼnt</w>
            <gloss><q>them</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to them</q></gloss> etc.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
            <biblScope>II 118—119, 130</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">§§ 1386 ff.</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>-ša-</w>, <w>-ši-</w>, <w>-šim</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>, <w>-šaiy</w>
            <gloss><q>him</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to him</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>from him</q></gloss>,
              <w>-šiš</w>
            <gloss><q>them</q></gloss>, <w>-šām</w>
            <gloss><q>them</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to them</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
            <biblScope>1721 — 1727</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kent</author>. <title>Old
              Persian</title>. <biblScope xml:lang="en">1953, p. 67—68, 210</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Brandenstein—Mayrhofer</author>
            <title>Handbuch des Altpersischen</title>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">1964, p. 67, 143</biblScope></bibl>). The origin of these
          enclitics, except for some details of their derivation, may be considered clarified. They
          go back to the Indo-European
          <?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20221219T215441+0300" comment="...местоименная частица?"?>pronoun particle<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>so</w>, <w>sā</w>, <w>sī</w>
            <gloss><?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20221219T215516+0300" comment="тот, та?"?><q>that
                (musc.)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>that
            (fem.)</q><?oxy_comment_end ?></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>sa-</w>, <w>si-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <w>so</w>, <w>sā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>sa</w>, <w>sō</w>, <w>sī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δ</w>, <w>η</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>978</biblScope></bibl>). Old Iranian <c>s</c> has the reflex <c>h</c> in
          Iranian, and we actually do find these forms in Avesta (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ha-</w>, <w>hā</w>, <w>hāu</w>
            <gloss><q>he</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>that</q></gloss></mentioned>) and in Old Persian
            (<mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>hauv</w>
            <gloss><q>he</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>that</q></gloss></mentioned>). But in the position
          after <c>i</c>, <c>u</c>, Old Iranian <c>s</c> changed to <c>š</c> (<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>ša-</w>, <w>ši-</w></mentioned>). These forms with sandhi were
          generalized in Ossetic and in other Iranian languages mentioned above as enclitic
          third-person pronouns. In contrast to other Iranian languages where they serve as
          enclitics for both singular and plural, in Ossetic they were established as only denoting
          plural. However, Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>si</w></mentioned> may also
          refer to singular: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stæn zinnuj <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si</oRef> i fecawæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a traveler is seldom seen in it (in the
                gorge)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example><example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew kuj <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">si</oRef>
              ǧær newuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one dog in it (in the aul) is howling
                loudly</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæ_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næ_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæ"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 151</biblScope></bibl> [<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Cf.
                <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/> enclitic form <w>šām</w> (gen. pl.)</mentioned>.
              The details aren't completely clear</q></quote>]; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl> (there is a reference to <name>Hübschmann</name> who
          brings these forms together with <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>šaiy</w>, <w>šām</w>,
              <w>šim</w></mentioned>).</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>