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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">marg</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_marg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4495e66" type="lemma"><orth>marg</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4495e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>яд</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>poison</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d4495e79">
          <form xml:id="form_d4495e81" type="lemma"><orth>margǵyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d4495e83" type="variant"><orth>margæj
            ʒag</orth></form></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4495e86"><sense xml:id="sense_d4495e87"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ядовитый</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">poisonous</q>
              </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4495e98"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>отравленный</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>poisoned</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d4495e109">
          <form xml:id="form_d4495e111" type="lemma"><orth>margǵyn kalm</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4495e114"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ядовитая змея</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">poisonous snake</q>
            </tr></sense>
          <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/><biblScope>II
                382</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d4495e134">
          <form xml:id="form_d4495e136" type="lemma"><orth>læxmarg</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4495e139"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мразь</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scum</q>
            </tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (бранное слово)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (term of abuse)</note></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4495e157">
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e159">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>marg</oRef> banaz!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выпей яду!</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (бранное
                выражение по адресу пьяного)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">drink poison!</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (abusive expression directed
                at a drunk person)</note>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e184">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, <oRef>marg</oRef> dyn ærbawoj, wængæl dyn
              ærbawoj mæ
              ʒ<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220616T010824+0300" comment="у Абаева &quot;a&quot;, исправил"?>æ<?oxy_comment_end ?>bæxʒīnædtæ,
              mæ rīwy sxsyry cʼyrtt!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть станут тебе ядом, пусть станут тебе
                отравой мое добро, молоко моей груди!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may become poison to you, may become bane to
                you my kindness, the milk of my breast!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
              <biblScope>233</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e213">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ fosy astæw būræ næl fys, hæ-ūj syn argævd
              (tyxgænǵytæn); jæ bas dyn xos ū, jæ fyd syn <oRef>marg</oRef> ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">посреди твоего стада желтый баран, вот его ты
                зарежь для них (насильников); его (барана) суп для тебя целителен, его мясо для них
                яд</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the mids of your herd (there is) a black
                ram, slaughter that one for them (the oppressors); its (the ram’s) stock is a
                medicine for you, its meat is poison for them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e238">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ ʒag mydy kʼūsy awaǧdī sūsægæj
                <oRef>marg</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в нашу полную чашу меда влили тайком яд</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in our full cup of honey poison was secretly
                poured</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1953 III 32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e262">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūmæn je ‘vzag marg dær ū æmæ jæ xos
              dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее язык и яд и противоядие</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">its tongue is both a poison and an antidote</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e281" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz æj <oRef>margæn</oRef> baxwardton, fal min
              xwasæ issæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я съел ето как яд, но оно оказалось для меня
                целебным</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I ate it as poison, but it turned out to be a
                remedy for me</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e304">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ kʼoxæj sin ci wæras ravardton, ejæ sin
                <oRef>marg</oRef> ku fæcæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">брага, которую я дал им своей рукой, оказалась
                для них ядом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the beer that I gave them by my hand turned out
                to be poison to them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4495e329">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>marǵy</oRef> tæfæj nyllæg˳yn
              dæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от действия яда я облез</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the action of the poison I lost my
                hair</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru"> Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e592" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e356" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">marka-</w>
            <gloss><q>смерть</q></gloss></mentioned>, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e601" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e365" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mar-</w>
            <gloss><q>убивать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>умирать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e611" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e375" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mar-k-</w>
            <gloss><q>уничтожать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e618" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e382" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>marg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e623" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e387" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>marg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e629" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e393" xml:lang="xmn"><lang>(маних.)</lang>
            <w>mrg</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
                <biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e642" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e406" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>merk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e647" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e411" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>mark</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e652" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e416" xml:lang="brh"><lang/>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из бел.)</note>
            <w>mark</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                <biblScope>1932 V 48</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e668" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e432" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>mahrka-</w>, <w>maraka-</w>
            <gloss><q>смерть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e678" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e442" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>marka-</w>
            <gloss><q>затмение солнца</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>умирание</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
          Значение <gloss><q>смерть</q></gloss> было, по-видимому, и в осетинском. В <bibl><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сравнительном словаре Палласа</q></title>
              (<date>1787</date>)</bibl> русское <q>смерть</q> переводится двумя осетинскими
          словами: <w>малатъ</w> (= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælæt"/>) и <w>маргъ</w>. Значение
            <q>смерть</q> (а не <q>яд</q>) распознается также в сложном слове <ref type="xr" target="#entry_margas"/> (см. ниже). Боевой клич сарматов, по Аммиану Марцеллину, звучал
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><w>marha!</w></q> (неточно вместо <w>marka</w> или
            <w>marga</w>) и означал несомненно <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">смерть!</q></gloss>. Слово находят в угро-финских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e734" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e492" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220616T161734+0300" comment="У Абаева -- merëg, но в венг.словаре méreg"?>méreg<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из аланского)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e745" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e503" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>myrkky</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e751" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e508" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>mürk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e756" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e513" xml:lang="smi"><lang/>
            <w>mirkko</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>яд</q></gloss>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e766" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e524" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">marka-</w></mentioned>?)</note>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkacsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
              <biblScope>I 243; V 319</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
              <biblScope>27, 230 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
              <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Collinder"/>
              <biblScope>133</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maryn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_margas"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr</ref>
            <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>23, 252, 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en"> Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e356" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e592" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">marka-</w>
            <gloss><q>death</q></gloss></mentioned>, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e365" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e601" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mar-</w>
            <gloss><q>kill</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>die</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e375" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e611" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mar-k-</w>
            <gloss><q>destroy</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e382" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e618" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>marg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e387" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e623" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>marg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e393" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e629" xml:lang="xmn"><lang>(Manichaean)</lang>
            <w>mrg</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
                <biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e406" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e642" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>merk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e411" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e647" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>mark</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e416" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e652" xml:lang="brh"><lang/>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Balochi)</note>
            <w>mark</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                <biblScope>1932 V 48</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e432" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e668" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>mahrka-</w>, <w>maraka-</w>
            <gloss><q>death</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e442" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e678" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>marka-</w>
            <gloss><q>solar eclipse</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dying</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
          meaning <gloss><q>death</q></gloss> probably existed in Ossetic as well. In
                <bibl><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Pallas’ Comparative
              Dictionary</q></title> (<date>1787</date>)</bibl> the Russian word <w>smertʼ</w>
          <q>death</q> is translated by two Ossetic words: <w>малатъ</w> (<w>malat</w>; = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælæt"/>) and <w>маргъ</w> (<w>marg</w>). The meaning
            <q>death</q> (and not <q>poison</q>) is also recognizable in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_margas"/> (see below). The battle cry of the Sarmatians, according to
          Ammianus Marcellinus, was <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><w>marha!</w></q> (imprecise
          transmission of <w>marka</w> or <w>marga</w>) and undoubtedly meant <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">death!</q></gloss>. This word is also found in
          Finno-Ugric languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e492" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e734" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220616T161734+0300" comment="У Абаева -- merëg, но в венг.словаре méreg"?>méreg<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Alanic)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e503" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e745" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>myrkky</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e508" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e751" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>mürk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e513" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e756" xml:lang="smi"><lang/>
            <w>mirkko</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>poison</q></gloss>
          <note type="comment">(from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4495e524" xml:id="mentioned_d4495e766" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">marka-</w></mentioned>?)</note>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkacsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
              <biblScope>I 243; V 319</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
              <biblScope>27, 230 ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
              <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Collinder"/>
              <biblScope>133</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maryn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_margas"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr</ref>
            <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>23, 252, 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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