<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tīw</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tīw" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230216T172534+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5271e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tīw</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tew</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5271e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>брат мужа</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>husband’s brother</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>деверь</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>brother-in-law</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fæcī mæ madæn næ fajnūst, næ
                <oRef>tīw</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не оказалось у моей матери ни ятрови, ни
                деверя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my mother did not have either sister-in-law or
                brother-in-law</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ særy xīcaw kæm īs æmæ mæ ʒæbæx
                <oRef>tīwtæ</oRef>, æz dær qwamæ ūm amælon</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где владыка моей головы (мой муж) и мои добрые
                деверья, там и я должна умереть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where is the lord of my head (my husband) and
                my good brothers-in-law, there I must die</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 95</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd idæʒ ūsæn wydīs <oRef>tīwtæ</oRef>, wæd
              gænæn wyd, æmæ ūdonæj īskæmæj ysmoj kodtaid</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если у вдовствующей женщины были деверья, то
                допускалось, чтобы она вышла замуж за кого-нибудь из них</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if the widowed woman had brothers-in-law, then
                it was allowed for her to marry one of them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1973 VII 88</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd kæræʒī zærdæmæ fæcæwat, wæd me ʽvsymær
              dæwæn læg, dy ūman ūs, æz ta dæwæn <oRef>tīw</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если вы понравитесь друг другу, то мой брат
                тебе муж, ты ему жена, а я тебе деверь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you like each other, then my brother is your
                husband, you are his wife, and I am your brother-in-law</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">basaston, ḱynʒ æmæ <oRef>tīwy</oRef> ʽxsæn cy
              styr æfsarm īs, ūj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я нарушил великий нравственный запрет, который
                существует между невесткой и деверем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I violated the great moral prohibition that
                exists between a daughter-in-law and a brother-in-law</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1957 X 75</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūs jæ mojy fydy x˳ydta <q>næ xīcaw</q>,
              xīstær tīwy — <q>næ xīstær læppū</q>, īnnæ <oRef>tīwty</oRef> — <q>læppūtæ</q></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">женщина отца мужа называла <q>наш господин</q>,
                старшего деверя — <q>наш старший юноша</q>, остальных деверей — <q>юношами</q></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a woman called her husband’s father <q>our
                  master</q>, the elder brother-in-law – <q>our elder youth</q>, the rest of the
                brothers-in-law – <q>young men</q></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1962 X 71</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">madæ, fidi cæstæ, ærvadæ, xwæri cæstæ, nostæ,
                <oRef>tewi</oRef> cæstæ...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">глаз матери, отца, глаз брата, сестры, глаз
                невестки, деверя...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mother’s eye, father’s eye, brother’s eye,
                sister’s eye, sister-in-law’s eye, brother-in-law’s eye...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из заговора
                против дурного глаза; </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from a spell against
                the evil eye; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 172</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næwæg nostæ æ <oRef>tewtæmæ</oRef> næ
              fæʒʒoruj æ cʼūxæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молодая невестка (по обычаю) не говорит своими
                устами со своими деверьями</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a young daughter-in-law, by custom, does not
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T113518+0300" comment="своими устами? with her lips?))"?>speak<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                to her brothers-in-law</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Индоевропейский термин родства со значением <q>брат мужа</q>
          восстанавливается в виде <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">daiwer-</w></mentioned>,
          чему на иранской почве должно отвечать <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">daiwar-</w></mentioned>. Однако иранские факты склоняют к выводу о параллельном
          существовании варианта <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θaiwar-</w></mentioned> из
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">dhaiwar-</w></mentioned>, который дал в
          отдельных языках формы с начальным <c>t-</c>, <c>s-</c>, <c>h-</c>:<note type="footnote">Подобно тому как <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
              <c>bh</c></mentioned> давало иногда в иранском <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>l</c></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>nāfa-</w>
              <gloss><q>пупок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>waf-</w>
              <gloss><q>ткать</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rfyg"><w>rfyg</w>
              <gloss><q>бровь</q></gloss></ref>), так <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>dh</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>θ</c></mentioned>; ср.
              <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθəm</w>
              <gloss><q>рост</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>rodhati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>ərəθwə̄ng</w>
              <gloss><q>справедливые</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>rādhas</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
              <biblScope>I 1, § 23b</biblScope></bibl>). О колебании типа <w>daiwar-</w> ||
              <w>dhaiwar-</w> (<c>d</c> || <c>dh</c>, <c>b</c> || <c>bh</c>, <c>g</c> || <c>gh</c>)
            см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
              <biblScope>I 633, § 704</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
              <biblScope>I 118</biblScope></bibl> (со ссылкой на:
                <bibl><author>Pischel—Geldner</author>. <title>Vedische Studien, I—III</title>.
                <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>, <date>1889–1901</date>,
                <biblScope>passim</biblScope></bibl>).</note> ос. <oRef>tīw</oRef> |
            <oRef>tew</oRef>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>tēw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>ti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>sew</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>sewir</w>, <w>siwir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
            <w>hiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>hīwar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-se"><lang/>
            <w>hewar</w>, <w>ewar</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang>Афг.</lang>
            <w>lēwər</w></mentioned> может восходить как к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θaiwar-</w></mentioned>, так и к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">daiwar-</w></mentioned>. За пределами иранского: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>devar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>děverь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>деверь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>dieverìs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>levir</w>
            <note type="comment">(<c>d</c> → <c>l</c>, как в афганском)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δαήρ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tʼaigr</w></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>,
              <biblScope>стр. 331</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The Indo-European term of kinship with the meaning <q>brother of the
            husband</q> is reconstructed in the form <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">daiwer-</w></mentioned>,
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T113641+0300" comment="????????????/"?>which
          in Iranian context should be<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">daiwar-</w></mentioned>. However, the Iranian
          facts lead to the conclusion about the parallel existence of the variant <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θaiwar-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">dhaiwar-</w></mentioned>, which gave in some languages forms with initial
            <c>t-</c>, <c>s-</c>, <c>h-</c>:<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
              <c>bh</c></mentioned> sometimes resulted in <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>l</c></mentioned> in Iranian (<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>nāfa-</w>
              <gloss><q>navel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>waf-</w>
              <gloss><q>weave</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rfyg"><w>rfyg</w>
              <gloss><q>eyebrow</q></gloss></ref>), <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T113935+0300" comment="очень криво получилось"?>similarly,<?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>dh</c></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>θ</c></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθəm</w>
              <gloss><q>height</q></gloss></mentioned> next to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>rodhati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>ərəθwə̄ng</w>
              <gloss><q>fair (pl.)</q></gloss></mentioned> next to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>rādhas</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
              <biblScope>I 1, § 23b</biblScope></bibl>). About the variation <w>daiwar-</w> ||
              <w>dhaiwar-</w> (<c>d</c> || <c>dh</c>, <c>b</c> || <c>bh</c>, <c>g</c> || <c>gh</c>)
            see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
              <biblScope>I 633, § 704</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
              <biblScope>I 118</biblScope></bibl> (with reference to:
                <bibl><author>Pischel—Geldner</author>. <title>Vedische Studien, I—III</title>.
                <pubPlace>Stuttgart</pubPlace>, <date>1889–1901</date>,
                <biblScope>passim</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Ossetic <oRef>tīw</oRef> |
            <oRef>tew</oRef>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>tēw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>ti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>sew</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>sewir</w>, <w>siwir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
            <w>hiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>hīwar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-se"><lang/>
            <w>hewar</w>, <w>ewar</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>lēwər</w></mentioned> can go back both to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θaiwar-</w></mentioned>, and to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">daiwar-</w></mentioned>. Outside of Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>devar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>děverь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>dever'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>dieverìs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>levir</w>
            <note type="comment">(<c>d</c> → <c>l</c>, as in Pashto)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δαήρ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tʼaigr</w></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>,
              <biblScope>p. 331</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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