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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">azar</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_azar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T191735+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d2824e66" type="lemma"><orth>azar</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e69">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e70">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>terror</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>terror</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e79">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>ужас</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>horror</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e88">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>страх</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>fear</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e97">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>напасть</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>misfortune</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e106">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>беда</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>trouble</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2824e128">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e130">
                        <quote>dæw rwaǵy mæ cyppar ḱyzǵy fervæztysty zaliag kalmy
                                <oRef>azaræj</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>благодаря тебе мои четыре дочери избавились от страха перед
                                драконом</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>thanks to you my four daughters got rid of their fear of the
                                dragon</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>IV 136</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e149">
                        <quote>Barsægatæ… fæsabyrdær kodtoj sæ <oRef>azar</oRef> (Kobetyl)</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Барсаговы ослабили свой террор (над фамилией Кобеевых)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>The Barsægatæ have weakened their terror (of the Kobetæ family)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
                            <biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e168">
                        <quote>padcaxy <oRef>azaræj</oRef> tarstysty</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>боялись царской кары</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they were afraid of the tsar’s punishment</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
                            <biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e187">
                        <quote>adæmæn sæ mast sæxsyst æmæ sæ <oRef>azar</oRef> Uldany ’rdæm
                            fæci</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у народа закипела ярость, и их террор обрушился на Улдана</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the people’s wrath grew strong, and their terror fell upon Uldan</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
                            <biblScope>184</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e206" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ramælʒænæn <oRef>azaræj</oRef>, ku fæwwon Cærugtæmæ cud</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>умру от ужаса, если пойду (замуж) к Царуговым</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I will die of horror if I go (in marriage) to the Tsærugtæ</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
                            <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e251" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Mussæ <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T185528+0300" comment="NB: fur"?>fur<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                            <oRef>azaræj</oRef> fæqqan æj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Мусса от страха повалился</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Moussa fell down in fear</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
                            <biblScope>II 4</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e273" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>tuǧdmæ bacæwuni <oRef>azaræj</oRef>…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>страшась пойти в бой…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>fearing to go into battle…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
                            <biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e295" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote><oRef>azaræj</oRef> fæǧǧær laston…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в страхе я воскликнул…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>in fear I exclaimed …</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
                            <biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d2824e317">
                        <quote>cy <oRef>azaræj</oRef> ærcydystut ūcy ranmæ?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>от какой беды (проклятия) вы дошли до этого положения?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>from what trouble (cause)
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T191328+0300" comment="a better translation would be &quot;What caused you to…&quot;, but this is not literal enough (two clauses for one)"?>have
                                you reached this state<?oxy_comment_end ?>?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>IV 80</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <re xml:id="re_d2824e116">
                    <form xml:id="form_d2824e118" type="lemma"><orth>wælazar</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d2824e121">
                        <def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
                        <def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
                    </sense>
                    <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d2824e229" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                            <usg><lang/></usg>
                            <quote>tuxæ, <oRef>wælazar</oRef> ibæl make wæd</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>пусть не будет над ним ничьей силы и страха</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>may nobody’s power and terror be upon him</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                                <biblScope>II 169</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Слово иранское (основа <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e426" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e339" xml:lang="ira"><w>zar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>обижать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>огорчать</q></gloss></mentioned> с
                    префиксом <m>a-</m>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e445" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e358" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ā-zar</w></mentioned>), но в осетинском стоит настолько изолированно, что
                    должно быть рассматриваемо как усвоенное из персидского: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e450" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e363" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āzār</w>
                        <gloss><q>обида</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>огорчение</q></gloss>,
                                <gloss><q>болезнь</q></gloss>,
                        <gloss><q>мука</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e477" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e390" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>azar</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e482" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e395" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>ʽazar</w></mentioned>. На иранской почве ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e487" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e400" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">āzār</w> (<w>ʼʼz’r</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e493" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e406" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āzārm</w> (<w>ʼʼzrm</w>)
                            <gloss><q>оскорбление</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e499" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e412" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>āzār-</w>
                        <gloss><q>оскорблять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Осетинский дает существенное
                    смещение значения.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Трудно согласиться с
                            <name>Ваilеу</name>, который усматривает в <oRef>azar</oRef>
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ira">гипотетический иранский глагол <w type="rec">zar-</w>
                            <gloss><q>двигаться</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
                            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1956, стр. 57, 60</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1956, p. 57, 60</biblScope></bibl>). В семантике
                        <oRef/> нет ничего, что указывало бы на <q>движение</q>.</note></etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The word is Iranian (the stem <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e339" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e426" xml:lang="ira"><w>zar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>offend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>grieve</q></gloss></mentioned> with
                    the prefix <m>a-</m>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e358" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e445" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>ā-zar</w></mentioned>), but in Ossetic it is so isolated that it should
                    be viewed as adopted from Persian: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e363" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e450" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āzār</w>
                        <gloss><q>offense</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>grief</q></gloss>,
                                <gloss><q>disease</q></gloss>,
                        <gloss><q>torment</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e390" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e477" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>azar</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e395" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e482" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>ʽazar</w></mentioned>. Within Iranian, cf. also <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e400" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e487" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                            <w type="rec">āzār</w> (<w>ʼʼz’r</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e406" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e493" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āzārm</w> (<w>ʼʼzrm</w>)</mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>insult</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2824e412" xml:id="mentioned_d2824e499" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>āzār-</w>
                        <gloss><q>to offend</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Ossetic exhibits a
                    significant shift in meaning.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">It is
                        hard to agree with <name>Ваilеу</name>, who sees in <oRef/> a hypothetical
                        Iranian verb <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zar-</w>
                            <gloss><q>to move</q></gloss>
                            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
                                    <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1956, стр. 57, 6Э</biblScope>
                                    <biblScope xml:lang="en">1956, p. 57,
                                60</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. There is nothing in the
                        semantics of <oRef/> to indicate <q>movementʼ</q></note></etym>
            </entry>
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    </text>
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