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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tutt</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_tutt" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1189e66" type="lemma"><orth>tutt</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1189e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пустой</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>empty</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>без сердцевины</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>without core</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_būlkʼ"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустая редька</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty radish</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустой орех</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty nut</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxas">nyxæstæ</ref></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустые, бессодержательные слова, речи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty, meaningless words, speeches</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid"><w>aftīd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rīvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdælyn"><w>ævdælon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid"><w>aftīd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rīvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdælyn"><w>ævdælon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ kʼutu — <oRef>tutt</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в его закроме пусто</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his bin is empty</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>251<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cawæjnon læg æ boni xætæntæj izæræj sæxemæ
              aftid kʼoxæj ku fæccæwuj, æ xizin <oRef>tutt</oRef> ku fæwuj, wæd æxwædæg dær mætʼæl
              æma wængmard fæwuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда охотник после дневных скитаний вечером
                приходит к себе с пустыми руками, когда его сумка бывает порожней, то и сам он
                бывает удрученный и подавленный</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a hunter, after a day’s wanderings, comes
                home empty-handed in the evening, when his bag is empty, then he himself is dejected
                and depressed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, лексикализованное ppf. от не сохранившегося в спрягаемой форме
          глагола <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūtyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">totun</w>
            <gloss><q>быть пустым</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>делать пустым</q></gloss></mentioned>, как,
          скажем, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatt_1"/> от
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230118T162213+0300" comment="правильные хрефы?.." id="gcm_h1k_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T233641+0300" parentID="gcm_h1k_rwb" comment="да, но он, по-видимому, в 4 томе изменил мнение и теперь выводит из хӕтын (кстати, не уверен, что правильно)" mid="1"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"/><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w>xudyn</w></ref> и т. п. Восстанавливаемый глагол <w type="rec">tuθ</w> отвечал
          общеиранскому (инхоативная основа) <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tus-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>tus-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>быть пустым</q></gloss></mentioned>. Мы имеем, стало быть, один из тех
          случаев, когда в осетинском (как в древнеперсидском) общеиранскому <c>s</c> отвечает
            <c>θ</c> (→ <c>t</c>), см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>; см. также статью
              <bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>О перекрестных изоглоссах</title></q>
              (<bibl type="m"><title>Этимология 1966</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
                <date>1968</date></bibl>, <biblScope>стр. 247–263, в частности
            250–255</biblScope>)</bibl>. Форма отражена также в новоперсидском и пехлевийском:
            <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tuhī</w>
            <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">tuθīka-</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>пустой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tuhīmaγz</w>
            <gloss><q>пустоголовый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>безмозглый</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maǧz"/></phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>tuhīk</w>
            <gloss><q>пустой</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Огласовка <c>u</c> в обоих диалектах
          необычна, ожидали бы <w type="rec">tytt</w> | <oRef>tutt</oRef>; но ср. ppf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> в обоих диалектах от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xudyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xodun</w></ref>, а также и., д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/> от
          несохранившегося глагола <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræsūʒyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræsoʒun</w>. — Форма с «нормальным» <c>s</c> также сохранилась в
          осетинском; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/>. — Случайным следует считать
          созвучие с <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>tʼutʼab</w>
            <gloss><q>легкий</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>легковесный</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Probably, a lexicalized ppf. from a verb <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūtyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">totun</w>
            <gloss><q>be empty</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>make empty</q></gloss></mentioned> not
          preserved in conjugated form, as, for example, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatt_1"/>
          from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230118T162213+0300" comment="правильные хрефы?.." id="gcm_h1k_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T233641+0300" parentID="gcm_h1k_rwb" comment="да, но он, по-видимому, в 4 томе изменил мнение и теперь выводит из хӕтын (кстати, не уверен, что правильно)" mid="3"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"/><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w>xudyn</w></ref> etc. The reconstructed verb <w type="rec">tuθ</w> corresponded to
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010014+0300" comment="??"?>pan<?oxy_comment_end ?>-Iranian
          (inchoative base)<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tus-</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>tus-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>be empty</q></gloss></mentioned>. We have, therefore, one of those cases when
          in Ossetic (as in Old Persian)
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010043+0300" comment="??"?>common<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          Iranian <c>s</c>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010056+0300" comment="?"?>corresponds to<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <c>θ</c> (→ <c>t</c>), see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>; see also the paper
              <bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>O perekrestnyh izoglossah</title> [On
                intersecting isoglosses]</q> (<bibl type="m"><title>Ètimologiya 1966</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date></bibl>, <biblScope>p.
              247–263, particularly 250–255</biblScope>)</bibl>. The form is also reflected in New
          Persian and Middle Persian: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tuhī</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">tuθīka-</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tuhīmaγz</w>
            <gloss><q>empty-headed</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brainless</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                <phr>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maǧz"/></phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>tuhīk</w>
            <gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010307+0300" comment="???????????"?>vowelization<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          of <c>u</c> is unusual in both dialects, we would expect <w type="rec">tytt</w> |
            <oRef>tutt</oRef>; but cf. ppf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> in
          both dialects from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xudyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xodun</w></ref>, and also Iron, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/> from an unpreserved verb <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræsūʒyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræsoʒun</w>. — The
          form with <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">normal</q>
          <c>s</c> is also retained in Ossetic; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/>. — The
          consonance with <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>tʼutʼab</w>
            <gloss><q>light</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lightweight</q></gloss></mentioned> should be
          considered accidental.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
            <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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