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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tamako</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_tamako" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d921e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tamako</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tamaku</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d921e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>табак</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>tobacco</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tamako dymyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">курить табак</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to smoke tobacco</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <re>
              <form type="lemma"><orth>tamakodon</orth></form>
              <sense>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">табакерка</q>
                </tr>
                <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                  <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">snuffbox</q>
                </tr>
              </sense>
            </re>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qævdyn obawyl ærbadtī, ærnadta lulæjy
                <oRef>tamako</oRef> æmæ dymy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Кавдын сел на бугор, набил в трубку табак и
                курит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kavdyn sat on a hill, stuffed tobacco in his
                pipe, and smokes</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saxary cy xabar īs? — cy xabar īs, cy,
                <oRef>tamakojyl</oRef> art ænʒarync, sækær dony kalync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какие новости в городе? новости такие: табак
                жгут, сахар кидают в воду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what's the news in town? the news is that
                tobacco is being burnt, sugar is being thrown in the water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tamako</oRef> xæjræǵy xollag ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">табак — корм дьявола</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tobacco is the devil's food</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">proverb; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qazar st’ambojlag <oRef>tamaku</oRef> darǧ
              lolæj dundta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он курил из длинной трубки дорогой стамбульский
                табак</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he smoked from a long pipe expensive Istanbul
                tobacco</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1940</date>
              <biblScope>III 51</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Табак ввезен в Европу в XVI в. из Америки, где его курили задолго до
          прихода европейцев. На одном из индейских наречий (карибском) <w>tabaco</w> означало
              <gloss><q>свернутые в трубку табачные листья</q></gloss>. Отсюда <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>tabaco</w></mentioned> и примыкающие к нему названия в языках Европы и Азии, в том
          числе <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>табак</w></mentioned>. Осетинская форма примыкает к <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            (в частности, кум.) <w>tamaku</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>III 994</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
            <biblScope>459</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
            <biblScope>308, 311</biblScope></bibl>). На иранской почве ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tambakū</w>, <w>tumbakū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>tamoku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
            <w>tämākū</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope>Abt.
              III, Bd. II, стр. 285</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>tammak</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Elfenbein"/>
            <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>). На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>tambako</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>tamax́o</w>, <w>tamax́u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
            <w>tammaku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>tomka</w>, <w>tonka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>tx́amka</w></mentioned>. В некоторых языках Кавказа вошло в употребление <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
            <w>tütün</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tutun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>tütün</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>tutən</w></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 16th century from America, where
          it had been smoked long before Europeans arrived. In one Native American (Caribbean)
          dialect, <w>tabaco</w> meant <gloss><q>leaves rolled up into a pipe</q></gloss>. Hence
            <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>tabaco</w></mentioned> and its cognates in the languages of Europe and Asia,
          including <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>tabak</w></mentioned>. The Ossetic form is related to <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/> (in particular Kumyk) <w>tamaku</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>III 994</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
            <biblScope>459</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
            <biblScope>308, 311</biblScope></bibl>). In Iranian languages <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>tambakū</w>, <w>tumbakū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <w>tamoku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
            <w>tämākū</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope>Abt.
              III, Bd. II, p. 285</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>tammak</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Elfenbein"/>
            <biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>). In Caucasian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>tambako</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>tamax́o</w>, <w>tamax́u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
            <w>tammaku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>tomka</w>, <w>tonka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>tx́amka</w></mentioned>. In some of the languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
            <w>tütün</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tutun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>tütün</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>tutən</w></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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