<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wærm</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wærm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2003e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wærm</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wærmæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2003e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>яма</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pit</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>погреб</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>vault</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в дигорском чаще <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>kʼaxt</w>, <w>kʼaǧd</w>
            <gloss><q>яма</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor more often <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>kʼaxt</w>, <w>kʼaǧd</w>
            <gloss><q>pit</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæwæn styr <oRef>wærm</oRef> yskʼaxyn kodta
              Wastyrǵi... wæjyg wærmy nyxxawdī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Уастырджи велел аулу вырыть большую яму… ваюг
                свалился в яму</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wastyrji had the village dig out a large pit…
                the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæjyg"><foreign>wæyug</foreign></ref> fell into
                the hole</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 70</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bydyry arf <oRef>wærm</oRef>
              yskʼaxtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в степи вырыли глубокую яму</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the steppe they dug out a large hole</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg kæsy: dūry byn dælzæxmæ kʼaxt
                <oRef>wærm</oRef>, wærmy ta ævdsæron wæjyg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">человек смотрит: под камнем яма, вырытая в
                подземный мир, а в яме — семиглавый ваюг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the man looks: under the stone a hole dug into
                the underworld, in the hole, a seven-headed <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæjyg"><foreign>wæyug</foreign></ref></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 212</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">army cæwy, <oRef>wærmy</oRef> — næ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в руке вмещается, в яме — нет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it fits in a hand, but not in a pit</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">загадка,
                ответ — копье;</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">riddle, the answer is <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">a spear</q>;</note>
              <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>33<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">47</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwadæs ivazny <oRef>wærm</oRef> yskʼaxtoj
              æmæ ʒy Narty Syrdony askʼærdtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вырыли яму в двенадцать саженей и спустили туда
                Нарта Сырдона</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they dug out a hole of
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231110T023136+0300" comment="??"?>sazhens<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                and let the Nart Syrdon down there</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 16</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wædæ mænæn dær yskʼaxūt wærm æmæ mæ cæværūt
                <oRef>wærmy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ну так и для меня выройте яму и положите меня в
                яму</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">well then dig out a pit for me as well and put
                me in the pit</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yrm k˳yrmy k˳y fæ-cæj-kæna, wæd dywwæ dær
              nyxxawʒysty <oRef>wærmy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если слепой ведет слепого, то оба упадут в
                яму</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if the blind lead the blind, both will fall
                into a pit</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">15</hi> 14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">warman-</w></mentioned> от базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">war-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>wer-</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>закрывать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>покрывать</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>укрывать</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
              <biblScope>1160–1162</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Эта же база распознается в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w>
            <gloss><q>щит</q></gloss></ref>. Исконное значение, стало быть, — <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">укрытие</q></gloss>. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>barm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>warm</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>резервуар для (дождевой) воды</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>бассейн</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>gwarm</w>
            <gloss><q>лужа в русле реки</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
                <biblScope>1947—1948 XX 3—4, стр. 288</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; может
          быть, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>warm-</w>
            <note type="comment">в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>wrm’yčyh</w>
                <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><phr>…wrmʼyčyh ptγwʼyʼnt</phr>
                    <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">…убивают в подземелье</q></gloss>?
                      <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                        <biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">272</hi></biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned></note></mentioned>;
          далее <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>bārmana-</w>
            <gloss><q>резервуар</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>место заключения</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>темница</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>VI 234</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
                <biblScope>1954, стр. 28</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>varman-</w>
            <gloss><q>броня</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ограждение</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантика
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ограждения</q></gloss> отражена и в
            <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>orm</w>
            <gloss><q>стена</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Belardi</author>. <title>Handes Amsorya</title>,
                  <biblScope>X—XIII</biblScope>. <pubPlace>Vienne</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1961</date><biblScope>, стр. 616</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. К
          иранскому примыкают <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>varm</w>
            <gloss><q>силок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сеть</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>тенета</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vermak</w>
            <gloss><q>одеяло</q></gloss></mentioned>, а также <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">warm</w>
            <gloss><q>Höhle</q></gloss>, локатив <w>warmaṃ</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Thomas"/>
                <biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. За пределами индоиранского
          ср. <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἔρυμα</w>
            <gloss><q>защита</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прикрытие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ῥῦμα</w>
            <gloss><q>защита</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прибежище</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Из
          аланского идет <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>verem</w>
            <gloss><q>яма</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>погреб</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkáczi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                <biblScope>IV 380, V 321</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Подобно тому, как алан. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīd_1"><w>xīd</w>
            <gloss><q>мост</q></gloss></ref> вошло с одной стороны в венгерский, с другой — в
          грузинский, так и алан. <oRef/> вошло в оба эти языка; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>ormo</w>
            <gloss><q>яма</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>wor</w>, <w>or</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>or</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>ров</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 89, 111</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">warman-</w></mentioned> from the stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">war-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>wer-</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>to close</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to cover</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
              <biblScope>1160–1162</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. The same stem is recognizable in
          Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w>
            <gloss><q>shield</q></gloss></ref>. The original meaning, therefore, is <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">shelter</q></gloss>. Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>barm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>warm</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>reservoir for (rain) water</q></gloss>,
          <gloss><q>pool</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>gwarm</w>
            <gloss><q>puddle in the river bed</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
                <biblScope>1947–1948 XX 3–4, p. 288</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; maybe
            <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>warm-</w>
            <note type="comment">in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>wrm’yčyh</w>
                <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><phr>…wrmʼyčyh ptγwʼyʼnt</phr>
                    <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">…they kill in a dungeon</q></gloss>?
                      <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                        <biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">272</hi></biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned></note></mentioned>;
          further <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>bārmana-</w>
            <gloss><q>reservoir</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>place of confinement</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>prison</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>VI 234</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
                <biblScope>1954, p. 28</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>varman-</w>
            <gloss><q>armour</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>enclosure</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantics
          of an <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">enclosure</q></gloss> is also reflected in
            <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>orm</w>
            <gloss><q>wall</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Belardi</author>. <title>Handes Amsorya</title>,
                  <biblScope>X—XIII</biblScope>. <pubPlace>Vienne</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1961</date><biblScope>, p. 616</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. To
          Iranian are adjacent <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>varm</w>
            <gloss><q>snare</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>net</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trapping
              net</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>vermak</w>
            <gloss><q>blanket</q></gloss></mentioned>, and also <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">warm</w>
            <gloss><q>Höhle</q></gloss>, locative <w>warmaṃ</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Thomas"/>
                <biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Beyond Indo-Iranian cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἔρυμα</w>
            <gloss><q>protection</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cover</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ῥῦμα</w>
            <gloss><q>protection</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>refuge</q></gloss></mentioned>. — From
          Alanic comes <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>verem</w>
            <gloss><q>pit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vault</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Munkáczi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
                <biblScope>IV 380, V 321</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
                <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Just as Alanic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīd_1"><w>xīd</w>
            <gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss></ref> entered into Hungarian on the one hand and into
          Georgian on the other, thus Alanic <oRef/> entered into both these languages; cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>ormo</w>
            <gloss><q>pit</q></gloss></mentioned>. Also related are <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>wor</w>, <w>or</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
              <w>or</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231110T023839+0300" comment="moat?"?>ditch<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
              <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 89, 111</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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