<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x˳ymællæg</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_x0ymællæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1918e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>x˳ymællæg</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xumællæg</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1918e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хмель</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hop</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Humulus</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Humulus</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cʼīw bælasyl k˳y abadti, ūm
                <oRef>x˳ymællæg</oRef> k˳y ratydta, ærtæ gagajy ʒy k˳y axordta, stæj xūrtwanyl k˳y
              abadtī, zady næmyg k˳y axordta, zæxxyl dyn wæd k˳y axawdta, ratūl-batul k˳y
              bajdydta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">птичка села на дерево, сорвала там хмель, съела
                из него три зернышка, потом села на рассыпанное (для просушки) зерно, поклевала
                зерно солода, (и) тогда упала на землю, стала кататься (по земле) (опьянела)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bird sat on a tree, plucked hops there, ate
                three grains from it, then sat on the scattered (for drying) grain, pecked at the
                grain of malt, (and) then fell to the ground, began to roll on the ground
                (drunk)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">How did beer come from?</q></biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aly cændyl dæ <oRef>x˳ymællæg</oRef>
            </quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на каждой куче камней (у пашни) предназначенный
                для тебя хмель</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on every heap of stones (near the arable land)
                there is hops intended for you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>from a hymn to the deity
                Alarda</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">færvy <oRef>x˳ymællægæj</oRef> dæ
              bægæniag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ольхового хмеля тебе пиво</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from alder hops beer for you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>from the same
              hymn</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 102</biblScope></bibl>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Из хмеля, который вьется вокруг ольхи. Такой хмель
                считается лучшим</q> (примечание <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
                <biblScope>ОЭ 1 132<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">179</hi></biblScope></bibl>).</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">From hops that curl around an alder tree. This hop is
                considered the best</q> (footnote <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
                <biblScope>ОЭ I 132<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">179</hi></biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymællægæj су kæny? bægæny ʒy yskæna</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зачем ей хмель? чтобы приготовить из него
                пиво</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why does she need hops? to make beer out of
                it</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Зар."/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan raarfæ kodta æxsæræ æma
                <oRef>xumællægæn</oRef>: adæmæn wæ xucaw xwasæ fækkænæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сослан благословил орешник и хмель: пусть бог
                сделает вас благом для людей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan blessed hazel and hops: may God make you
                a boon for people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 19</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">арийский <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хом</hi></q></gloss></mentioned>. Первая часть — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hauma-</w>
            <gloss><q><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хом</hi></q></gloss></mentioned> — название
          растения, из которого индоиранские народы изготовляли священный опьяняющий напиток,
          чтившийся ими как божество. Для приготовления этого напитка использовались в разных
          регионах индоиранского мира разные растения, чаще всего хвойник, Ephedra vulgaris. На
          скифо-сарматской почве в этой роли преобладал хмель, издавна распространенный в умеренных
          широтах Европы и Азии, в том числе на территории расселения скифских (сакских,
          массагетских, сарматских) племен. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>howm</w>
            <gloss><q>хвойник</q>, <q>эфедра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>Hōmak</w>
            <gloss>личное имя</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>haoma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>soma-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss>название растения и священного напитка</gloss></mentioned>. Культ <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хома</hi> был распространен среди сакских племен. Одно из
          этих племен в древнеперсидских надписях так и зовется — <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>Sakā hauma-vargā</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">саки, чтущие хом</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          Bailey замечает в связи с этим: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>hauma-vargā</phr></mentioned> would then be the Saka
              particularly devoted to the hauma-cult</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1972, N 2, стр. 105</biblScope></bibl>). Имена божеств нередко снабжались
          эпитетом <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>arya-</w>
            <gloss><q>арийский</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
            <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>). Из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w></mentioned> в осетинском закономерно получилось <w>xum-ællæg</w>
            (<c>au</c> перед носовым сужается, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sym"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sym</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sym</w>
            <gloss><q>звук</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauma-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">šīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>; <c>ry</c> → <c>li</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w></mentioned> и др.). Рядом c формой <oRef>xumællæg</oRef> могла существовать
          форма без форманта <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-a-ka-</m></mentioned>), т. e. <w type="rec">xumæl</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-arya-</w></mentioned>), ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zaræg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zar</w>
            <gloss><q>зима</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zym_1"><w>zym</w>
            <gloss><q>зима</q></gloss></ref> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>saw</w>
              <w>zym</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>бесснежная зима</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zujmon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>zujm-on</w>
            <gloss><q>зимний</q></gloss></ref>). Староосетинскому названию хмеля в его двух формах,
            <w type="rec">xumæl</w> и <oRef>xumællæg</oRef>, суждено было широко распространиться
          среди народов Европы и частично Азии. У славян: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>xъmelь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>хмель</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>хмел</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>chmiel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>chmel</w></mentioned> и пр. У германцев: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>humall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>hymele</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>humle</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
            <w>homele</w></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="la-x-late"><lang/>
            <w>humulus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>houblon</w>
            <note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">humulon</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
            <w>homlon</w>, <w>humlon</w>, <w>humolone</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
                <biblScope>528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="el"><lang/>
            <w>χούμελι</w></mentioned>. У угро-финнов: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>humala</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>humal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
            <w>komla</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223102+0300" comment="марийский?
"?><mentioned xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
            <w>umela</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>komlo</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223222+0300" comment="манси вогул"?><mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
            <w>kumlix</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. У тюркских народов: <mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xumlaɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>xumla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>xumallag</w>, <w>xumellek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
            <w>komalak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt"><lang/>
            <w>kolmak</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223524+0300" comment="казахский?"?><mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
            <w>kulmak</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. В кавказских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>xomeleg</w>, <w>xomeli</w>, <w>xumeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>hamala-kkiž</w>, <w>humala-kkiž</w>
            <gloss><q>крессалат</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<w>kkiž</w>
              <gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>x́wəmbəlä</w></mentioned>. Все перечисленные слова восходят в конечном счете к
          скифскому (сакскому, сарматскому, аланскому) названию хмеля, но пути передвижения,
          хронологию и конкретные условия ареальных контактов для каждого отдельного слова уже
          трудно установить. Культурное значение слова определяется прежде всего ролью хмеля при
          изготовлении пива. Кто занимается историей пивоварения у каждого из перечисленных народов,
          должен неизбежно уделить внимание названию хмеля в этом языке. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælūton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bægæny"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
            <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>стр.
          l—3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Aryan <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">haoma</hi></q></gloss></mentioned>. The first part — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hauma-</w></mentioned> — the name of the plant from which the Indo-Iranian peoples
          made a sacred intoxicating drink, revered by them as a deity. To prepare this drink,
          different plants were used in different regions of the Indo-Iranian world, most often
          ephedra, Ephedra vulgaris. In the Scythian-Sarmatian region, this role was dominated by
          hops, which have long been common in the temperate latitudes of Europe and Asia, including
          in the territory of the settlement of the Scythian (Saka, Massagetian, Sarmatian) tribes.
          Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>howm</w>
            <gloss><q>ephedra</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>Hōmak</w>
            <gloss>proper name</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>haoma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>soma-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss>the name of the plant and sacred drink</gloss></mentioned>. The cult of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">haoma</hi> was widespread among the Saka tribes. One of
          these tribes in ancient Persian inscriptions is called <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>Sakā
              hauma-vargā</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Sakas worshiping hauma</q></gloss></mentioned>.
            <name>Bailey</name> notices: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>hauma-vargā</phr></mentioned> would then be the Saka
              particularly devoted to the hauma-cult</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1972, N 2, стр. 105</biblScope></bibl>). The names of deities were often
          supplied with an epithet <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>arya-</w>
            <gloss><q>Aryan</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
            <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>). From <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w></mentioned> there is Ossetic <w>xum-ællæg</w> (<c>au</c> becomes
          narrow before the nasal consonant, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sym"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sym</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sym</w>
            <gloss><q>sound</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauma-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">šīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>thigh</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>; <c>ry</c> → <c>li</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w></mentioned> etc.). Near the form <oRef>xumællæg</oRef> there could be a
          form without the formant <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-a-ka-</m></mentioned>), i. e. <w type="rec">xumæl</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-arya-</w></mentioned>), cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zaræg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zar</w>
            <gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zym_1"><w>zym</w>
            <gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>saw</w>
              <w>zym</w></phr>
            <gloss><q>snowless winter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zujmon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>zujm-on</w>
            <gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref>). The Old Ossetic name for hops in its two forms, <w type="rec">xumæl</w> and <oRef>xumællæg</oRef>, was destined to spread widely among the
          peoples of Europe and partly of Asia. Cf. Slavic languages: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>xъmelь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>xmelʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>xmel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>chmiel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>chmel</w></mentioned> etc. Germanic: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>humall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>hymele</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>humle</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
            <w>homele</w></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="la-x-late"><lang/>
            <w>humulus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>houblon</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">humulon</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
            <w>homlon</w>, <w>humlon</w>, <w>humolone</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
                <biblScope>528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="el"><lang/>
            <w>χούμελι</w></mentioned>. Finno-Ugric: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>humala</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
            <w>humal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
            <w>komla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
            <w>umela</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>komlo</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223222+0300" comment="манси вогул"?><mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
            <w>kumlix</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Turkic: <mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xumlaɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>xumla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>xumallag</w>, <w>xumellek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
            <w>komalak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt"><lang/>
            <w>kolmak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
            <w>kulmak</w></mentioned>. Caucasian: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>xomeleg</w>, <w>xomeli</w>, <w>xumeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>hamala-kkiž</w>, <w>humala-kkiž</w>
            <gloss><q>garden cress</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<w>kkiž</w>
              <gloss><q>stem</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>x́wəmbəlä</w></mentioned>. All of the above words ultimately go back to the Scythian
          (Saka, Sarmatian, Alanian) name for hops, but it is already difficult to establish the
          routes of movement, chronology and specific conditions of areal contacts for each
          individual word. The cultural meaning of the word is determined primarily by the role of
          hops in the beer brewing. Anyone who studies the history of brewing among each of the
          listed peoples must inevitably pay attention to the name of hops in this language. — See
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælūton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bægæny"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
            <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>pp.
          l—3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>