<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">talm</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_talm" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3410e66" type="lemma"><orth>talm</orth></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3410e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ильм</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>elm</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Ulmus</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Ulmus</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cydystæm acy <oRef>talmy</oRef> cūrmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы приходили к этому ильму</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we used to come to this elm</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1956 III 15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wyd ræxsnæg <oRef>talmaw</oRef> jæ
              astæw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее талия была как стройный ильм</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her waist was like a slender elm</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1959 III 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ fætk — æxsæv x˳yssyn ū tarfæj, — fændy jæ
              næm, nyssædd yl <oRef>talm</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его обычай — крепко спать ночью, хоть бей его,
                хоть обломай на нем ильм</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his habitude is to sleep soundly at night, even
                if you beat him, even if you break off the elm on him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʽrūʒynǵy razmæ — dywwæ <oRef>talm</oRef>
              bælasy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед окном — два ильма</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in front of the window there are two elms</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
              <biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæskʼæn <oRef>talmy</oRef> qæd xwyzdær ū
              syvylʒæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">для ступицы ильм лучше карагача</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for the hub, ilm is better than karagach</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
              <biblScope>III 1182</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к древнеиранской диалектной форме <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">θarmi-</w></mentioned>, которой отвечает общеиранское
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sarmi-</w> || <w type="rec">sarvi-</w></mentioned> (о колебании <c>m</c> || <c>v</c> см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FL"/>
            <biblScope>1973 VI <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1/2</hi> 185—187</biblScope></bibl>).
          Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang xml:lang="fa"/>
            <w>sarv</w>
            <gloss><q>кипарис</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarv-i Lubnān</w>
            <gloss><q>ливанский кедр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w></mentioned> в сочетании <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>θarmiš hya
              naučaina</w>
            <gloss><q>(ливанский) кедр</q></gloss>, буквально <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"> сосновидный (naučaina) кипарис
            (θarmiš)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Общеиранскому <c>s</c> в нескольких случаях отвечает
          ос. <c>t</c> (из <c>θ</c>): <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"><w>færæt</w>
            <gloss><q>топор</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">parasu-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"><w>rætæn</w>
            <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rasana-</w></mentioned>, осетинский смыкается здесь с древнеперсидским. Переход
            <c>r</c> → <c>l</c> перед <c>i</c> в следующем слоге закономерен: <oRef>talm</oRef> из
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">θarmi-</w></mentioned>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm"><w>kalm</w>
            <gloss><q>змея</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">karmi-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zalm"><w>zalm</w>
            <gloss><q>лопух</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">zarmi-</w></mentioned>. О <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarv</w></mentioned> см.: <bibl><author>Herzfeld</author>. <title>Archaeologische
              Mitteilungen aus Iran, III</title>. <date>1931</date>, <biblScope>стр.
            58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pisani</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
            <biblScope>56, стр. 285 сл</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Donum_Nyberg"/>
            <biblScope>27 сл.</biblScope></bibl> (ошибочно к <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śarman-</w>
            <gloss><q>крыша</q></gloss></mentioned>, cp.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <biblScope>1961 III 15, 39</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
              <title>Rocznik Orjentalistyczny</title>
            <biblScope>1957 XXI 68, прим. 53</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
            <biblScope>1956 I 160</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
            <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl> (<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>seṙn</w>
            <gloss><q>ось</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱerm-</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><author>Eilers</author>, <title>Mitteil.
              der Anthrop. Gesellscbaft</title>
            <biblScope>1962 XCII 78 сл</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Вrаndenstein—Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Handbuch des
              Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1964, стр.
              147</biblScope></bibl>. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Вс. Миллер</hi> вряд ли
          основательно сближал ос. <oRef>talm</oRef> с <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>termes</w>
            <gloss><q>ветвь</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>), а позднее (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>) объединял <oRef>talm</oRef> с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tala"><w>tala</w>
            <gloss><q>молодое дерево</q></gloss></ref> и связывал их с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tālas</w>
            <gloss><q>винная пальма</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. (см. выше под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tala"/>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЯ"/>
            <biblScope>I 7—12</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>138—143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Этимология 1966</title>,
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр. 253</biblScope></bibl> (О
          перекрестных изоглоссах).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to the ancient Iranian dialect form <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">θarmi-</w></mentioned>, corresponding to pan-Iranian
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sarmi-</w> || <w type="rec">sarvi-</w></mentioned> (on alternation <c>m</c> || <c>v</c> see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FL"/>
            <biblScope>1973 VI <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1/2</hi> 185—187</biblScope></bibl>).
          Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang xml:lang="fa"/>
            <w>sarv</w>
            <gloss><q>cypress</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarv-i Lubnān</w>
            <gloss><q>Lebanese cedar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w></mentioned>in the collocation <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>θarmiš hya
              naučaina</w>
            <gloss><q>(Lebanese cedar)</q></gloss>, literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">pine-like (naučaina) cypress
            (θarmiš)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Pan-Iranian <c>s</c> corresponds in several cases to
          Ossetic <c>t</c> (from <c>θ</c>): <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"><w>færæt</w>
            <gloss><q>axe</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">parasu-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"><w>rætæn</w>
            <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rasana-</w></mentioned>, Ossetic approaches here to Old Persian. The alternation
            <c>r</c> → <c>l</c> before <c>i</c> in the next syllable is regular: <oRef>talm</oRef>
          from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">θarmi-</w></mentioned>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm"><w>kalm</w>
            <gloss><q>snake</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">karmi-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zalm"><w>zalm</w>
            <gloss><q>burdock</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">zarmi-</w></mentioned>. On <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarv</w></mentioned> see: <bibl><author>Herzfeld</author>. <title>Archaeologische
              Mitteilungen aus Iran, III</title>. <date>1931</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
              58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Pisani</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">56, p. 285 ff</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Duchesne-Guillemin</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Donum_Nyberg"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">27 ff.</biblScope></bibl> (erroneously to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>śarman-</w>
            <gloss><q>roof</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <biblScope>1961 III 15, 39</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>,
              <title>Rocznik Orjentalistyczny</title>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">1957 XXI 68, note 53</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
            <biblScope>1956 I 160</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
            <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl> (<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>seṙn</w>
            <gloss><q>axis</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ḱerm-</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><author>Eilers</author>, <title>Mitteil.
              der Anthrop. Gesellscbaft</title>
            <biblScope xml:lang="en">1962 XCII 78 ff</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Brandenstein—Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Handbuch des
              Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1964,
              p. 147</biblScope></bibl>. — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ws. Miller</hi> was
          hardly thorough to bring Ossetian <oRef>talm</oRef> together with <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>termes</w>
            <gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>), and later (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>) he unified <oRef>talm</oRef> with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tala"><w>tala</w>
            <gloss><q>young tree</q></gloss></ref> and related them to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tālas</w>
            <gloss><q>wine palm</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (see above under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tala"/>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЯ"/>
            <biblScope>I 7—12</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>138—143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title xml:lang="en">Ètimologija
              1966</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>,
            <date>1968</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 253</biblScope></bibl> (On cross
          isoglosses).</etym>
      </entry>
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