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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">toppyxos</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_toppyxos" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2177e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>toppyxos</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>toppixwasæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2177e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>порох</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>gunpowder</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">somīx æmæ g˳yrʒyjæ <oRef>toppyxos</oRef> æmæ
              zdy ælxænūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вы покупаете у армян и грузин порох и
                свинец</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you buy gunpowder and lead from Armenians and
                Georgians</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæsg˳yty x˳ylfmæ kæræʒījæn cy rakodtaikkoj,
              ʒæǧæly <oRef>toppyxos</oRef> xarʒ kodtoj ændær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что они могли сделать друг другу, (стреляя)
                вовнутрь башен, только зря тратили порох</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what could they do to each other (by shooting)
                inside the towers, they were only wasting gunpowder</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>165</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsængærztæ særftoj, ivtyǧtoj,
                <oRef>toppyxos</oRef> æmæ næmg˳ytæj sæxī īvtong kodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они чистили, заряжали оружие для стрельбы,
                заготовляли для себя порох и пули</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they cleaned and loaded weapons for shooting,
                prepared gunpowder and bullets for themselves</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>241</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зелье (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"/>) ружья (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_topp_1"><w>toppy</w></ref>)</q>. По модели сложения (в первой части имя в род. падеже) ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæstysyg"><w>cæstysyg</w>
            <gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæstyxaj"><w>bæstyxaj</w>
            <gloss><q>здание</q></gloss></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 200<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>). Для
          семантики и по образованию ср. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>зелiе</w>
            <gloss><q>порох</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc-x-byz"><lang/>
            <w>βοτάνη</w>
            <gloss><q>трава</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>порох</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <phr>topis cʼamali</phr>
            <gloss><q>порох</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зелье (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼamali</w></mentioned>) ружья (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>topis</w></mentioned>)</q></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <phr>tumankʼul xer</phr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>xer</w>
                <gloss><q>трава</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сено</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>tumankʼ</w>
                <gloss><q>ружье</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <phr>topa molxa</phr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>molxa</w>
                <gloss><q>лекарство</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зелье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>top</w>
                <gloss><q>ружье</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <phr>foḱ gən</phr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>gən</w>
                <gloss><q>яд</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зелье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>foḱ</w>
                <gloss><q>ружье</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> и др.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Literally <q>potion (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"/>) of a gun
              (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_topp_1"><w>toppy</w></ref>)</q>. Cf. similar derivation
          pattern (genitive noun in the fisrt part) in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæstysyg"><w>cæstysyg</w>
            <gloss><q>teardrop</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæstyxaj"><w>bæstyxaj</w>
            <gloss><q>building</q></gloss></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 200<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>). As for
          semantics and derivation, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>zelie</w>
            <gloss><q>gunpowder</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc-x-byz"><lang/>
            <w>βοτάνη</w>
            <gloss><q>grass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>gunpowder</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <phr>topis cʼamali</phr>
            <gloss><q>gunpowder</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">literally <q>potion (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼamali</w></mentioned>) of a gun
                  (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>topis</w></mentioned>)</q></note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <phr>tumankʼul xer</phr>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>xer</w>
                <gloss><q>grass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hay</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>tumankʼ</w>
                <gloss><q>gun</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <phr>topa molxa</phr>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>molxa</w>
                <gloss><q>medicine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>potion</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><w>top</w>
                <gloss><q>gun</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <phr>foḱ gən</phr>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">id. (<mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>gən</w>
                <gloss><q>poison</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>potion</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>foḱ</w>
                <gloss><q>gun</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> etc.</etym>
      </entry>
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