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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">saxar</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_saxar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4595e66" type="lemma"><orth>saxar</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4595e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>город</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>city</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/>; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>saxairag</w>
            <gloss><q>городской</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>горожанин</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/>; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>saxairag</w>
            <gloss><q>urban</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>citizen</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dælæ wynys, Ʒæmʒæmy dony bylyl styr saxar; æz
              ūcy <oRef>saxary</oRef> cærǵytyl styr ryn systyn kænʒynæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон видишь, на берегу реки Земзем большой
                город; я наведу на жителей этого города великий мор</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">look, there is a big sity on the bank of the
                Dzæmdzæm River; I will cause a great pestilence of its citizens</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arast sty æmæ ūcy styr <oRef>saxarmæ</oRef>
              nyccydysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отправились и пришли в тот большой город</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] went forth and came into that big
                city</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz wyn læg næ dæn, æz wyn rajsom
                <oRef>saxaræj</oRef> dywwadæs wænygyl styr qumbara k˳y næ ærbalason</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да не буду я перед вами мужчиной, если я завтра
                не привезу вам из города на двенадцати бычках большую мортиру</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may I will never be considered a man by you if
                I don't bring you a big mortar from the city with the help of twelve bull-calfs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stæj jæ akæny xæjræg syǧdæg
                <oRef>saxarmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">потом берет его дьявол во святой город</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then the devil took him to the holy city</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 5</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fælæ <oRef>saxajrægtæn</oRef> ænæwynon
              wydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">но горожане ненавидели его</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">but the citizens hated him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
              <biblScope><hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">19</hi> 14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šahr</w>
            <gloss><q>город</q></gloss></mentioned>, вероятно через тюркское посредство; ср.
            <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>šähär</w> id.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>IV 1001</biblScope></bibl>). Распространено в языках Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>šahar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>ṡəhär</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>šähär</w>
            <gloss><q>город</q></gloss>. — </mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang>Перс.</lang>
            <w>šahr</w></mentioned> восходит к др. иран. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>царство</q></gloss></mentioned> и, стало быть,
          этимологически идентично c ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>
          <gloss><q>доблесть</q></gloss>, хотя значения, как видим, сильно разошлись. Другим
          примером, когда иранское слово представлено в осетинском дважды — как исконное наследие и
          как позднейшее заимствование, — может служить иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čata-</w>
              (<w>čaθa-</w>)</mentioned>, которое унаследовано в форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cad"/>
          <gloss><q>озеро</q></gloss>, а потом заимствовано из персидского (через грузинское
          посредство) в форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/>
          <gloss><q>колодец</q></gloss>. — Все три термина со значением <gloss><q>город</q></gloss> —
          <oRef/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/> —
          являются заимствованными. Исконно осетинским названием для поселений, больших или малых,
          было <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"><w>qæw</w> | <w>ǧæw</w></ref>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
            <biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>65, 93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šahr</w>
            <gloss><q>city</q></gloss></mentioned>, apparently, through Turkic medium; cf.
            <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>šähär</w> id.</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
            <biblScope>IV 1001</biblScope></bibl>). It is common in the Caucasian languages:
            <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>šahar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="ani"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>šahur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>ṡəhär</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
            <w>šähär</w>
            <gloss><q>city</q></gloss>. —</mentioned>
          <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>šahr</w></mentioned> goes back to Old Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>xšaθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>power</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>kingship</q></gloss></mentioned> and, thus, it is
          etymologically identical with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsar_1"/>
          <gloss><q>valor</q></gloss>, although the meanings, as we can see, have strongly diverged.
          The other example of Iraninan word that is represented in Ossetic twice — as an original
          heritage and as a later borrowing, — may be Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čata-</w>
              (<w>čaθa-</w>)</mentioned>, which was inherited in the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cad"/>
          <gloss><q>lake</q></gloss>, and then borrowed from Persian (through Georgian medium) in
          the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/>
          <gloss><q>well</q></gloss>. — All the three terms with the meaning
            <gloss><q>city</q></gloss> — <oRef/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalak"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goræt"/> are borrowings. The original Ossetic name of the
          settlements, big or small, was <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæw"><w>qæw</w> |
            <w>ǧæw</w></ref>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
            <biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>65, 93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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