<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dy</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_dy" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1014e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>dy</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1014e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>du</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1014e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>ты</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>thou</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1014e82">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1014e84">
                        <quote>bazon ma sæ dy!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>узнай-ка их ты!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>you recognize them!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1014e103">
                        <quote>du min k˳ʽ waisæ kʼoxbælxwæcægæm…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>если бы ты был мне за шафера…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>if you were my best man…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>58%l148%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское личное местоимение. Восходит к *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">tu</hi>.
                    Редкий случай, где <hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi> в начальном положении перешел в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dasyn"/> ‘брить’). Аналогичное явление в армянском
                    (ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/><biblScope>II
                            767</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>440</biblScope></bibl>).
                    Какие причины вызвали этот необычайный перебой в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e318" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e135" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned> — неясно. Можно высказать догадку, что озвончение
                    имело место сперва в энклитических формах <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e323" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e140" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>dæ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e329" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e146" xml:lang="os"><w>dæm</w></mentioned> и
                    пр., так как они в потоке речи очень часто попадали в положение, необходимо
                    влекущее озвончение (после гласных, сонорных и звонких согласных). Ср. в
                    афганском энклитическую форму <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e332" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e149" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>de</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e337" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e154" xml:lang="ps"><w>di</w></mentioned> при
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e157" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>tə</w>
                        <gloss><q>ты</q></gloss></mentioned>. Со временем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> из энклитических
                    форм был перенесен и на самостоятельное <hi rendition="#rend_italic">du</hi>. Соответствия в иранских и
                    индоевропейских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e348" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e165" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e353" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e170" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e359" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e176" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>tə</w></mentioned> (энкл. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e364" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e181" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>de</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e186" xml:lang="ps"><w>di</w></mentioned>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e372" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e189" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="wbl mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e377" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e194" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="wbl mnj"><w>tə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e380" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e197" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e386" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e203" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>thu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e391" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e208" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e396" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e213" xml:lang="ae"><w>tūm</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e399" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e216" xml:lang="ae"><w>tvām</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e402" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e219" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>tuvam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e407" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e224" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>tvam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e413" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e230" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e418" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e235" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">ты</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e423" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e241" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>ты</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e428" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e246" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>tù</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e433" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e251" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w><hi rendition="#rend_bold">P</hi>u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e438" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e256" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e444" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e262" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>τύ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e449" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e267" xml:lang="grc"><w>σύ</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e452" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e270" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e457" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e275" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e462" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e280" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
                        <w>-du</w></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæw"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                            78, 146—147</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30, 51</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European personal pronoun. It traces back to
                    *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">tu</hi>. A rare case when <hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi> in the initial position turned into <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> (cf.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dasyn"/> ‘shave’). A similar phenomenon is
                    attested in Armenian (cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/><biblScope>II 767</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/><biblScope>440</biblScope></bibl>).
                    It is unclear which reasons caused this unusual transition to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e135" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e318" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned>. One can guess that the voicing took place first in
                    enclitic forms <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e140" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e323" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>dæ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e146" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e329" xml:lang="os"><w>dæm</w></mentioned> etc.,
                    since they used to very often get into a position necessarily causing the
                    voicing process (after vowels, sonorants and voiced consonants). Cf. an enclitic
                    form in Pashto <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e149" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e332" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>de</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e154" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e337" xml:lang="ps"><w>di</w></mentioned> and
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e157" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e340" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>tə</w>
                        <gloss><q>you</q></gloss></mentioned>. Over time, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> was transferred to
                    an independent form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">du</hi> from enclitic forms. Correspondences in Iranian and
                    Indo-European languages are the following: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e165" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e348" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e170" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e353" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e176" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e359" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>tə</w></mentioned> (encl. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e181" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e364" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>de</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e186" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e369" xml:lang="ps"><w>di</w></mentioned>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e189" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e372" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="wbl mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e194" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e377" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="wbl mnj"><w>tə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e197" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e380" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>tu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e203" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e386" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>thu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e208" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e391" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e396" xml:lang="ae"><w>tūm</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e216" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e399" xml:lang="ae"><w>tvām</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e219" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e402" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>tuvam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e224" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e407" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>tvam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e230" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e413" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e235" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e418" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>ty</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e241" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e423" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>ty</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e246" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e428" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>tù</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e433" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
                        <w><hi rendition="#rend_bold">P</hi>u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e256" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e438" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>du</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e262" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e444" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>τύ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e267" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e449" xml:lang="grc"><w>σύ</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e270" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e452" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e275" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e457" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
                        <w>tū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1014e280" xml:id="mentioned_d1014e462" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
                        <w>-du</w></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæw"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                            78, 146—147</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30, 51</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>