<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_æxsærʒæn" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1026e66" type="lemma"><orth>æxsærʒæn</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1026e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>водопад</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>waterfall</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1026e79">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e81">
                        <quote>don kæly jæ ræzty ūrs æxsærʒæntæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>река льется перед ним белыми водопадами</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the river is flowing in front of them like white waterfalls</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e100">
                        <quote>æxsærʒæny qazt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>игра водопада</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the waterfall's game</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e119">
                        <quote>bylæj ajnægmæ — gæpp! aftæ zǧory æxsærʒæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>с обрыва на утес — прыг! так бежит водопад</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>jumping from the cliff on the rock, that's how waterfall is
                                running</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Цомак</hi> 64</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e137">
                        <quote>ūrs fynk kalgæ sæx-sæxgængæ kommæ xawync æxsærʒæntæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>разбрасывая белую пену, с шумом низвергаются в ущелье водопады</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>waterfalls are rushing down with noise and scattering white foam</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/><biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Перебой из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒæn</hi>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærfars"/> ‘щека’ из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsærfars</hi>. В первой части <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-
                    из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āр</hi>- ‘вода’ с ослаблением гласного в сложении. Во второй части — не
                    сохранившийся самостоятельно глагол *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒ</hi>- ‘литься’, ‘падать’; ср.
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e255" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e161" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sarǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e260" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e166" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>sṛǰ</w>
                        <gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e266" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e172" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>давать течь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e272" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e178" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>harəč-</w>
                        <gloss><q>давать падать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e281" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e187" xml:lang="ae"><w>harəz-</w>
                        <gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e287" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e193" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
                        <w>selken</w>
                        <gloss><q>падать (о жидкости)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Стало быть,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi> из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp-sarjana</hi>-→*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āfšārjana</hi>-. Сохранение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> после
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>) без обычного иранского перебоя → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> говорит о том, что мы имеем
                    дело с очень старым сложным словом; ср. сохранение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsnajyn"/> рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"/>.
                    По образованию ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e299" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e205" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>ābšār</w>
                        <gloss><q>водопад</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e307" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e213" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āb</w>
                        <gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e222" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>šār</w></mentioned> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e227" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>šarīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>шумно течь</q></gloss></mentioned>). Перебой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fš</hi> →
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xš</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṣ</hi>) наблюдается также в сакском, например <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e329" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e235" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kṣārma</w></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e334" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e240" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>*fšarma</w>
                        <gloss><q>стыд</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsarm"/>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It is a version of *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒæn</hi>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærfars"/> ‘cheek’ from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsærfars</hi>. In the first part
                    there is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>- from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- ‘water’ with the weakening of the vowel in a
                    complex word. In the second part there is the verb*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒ</hi>- ‘poor’, ‘fall’
                    which did not remain as a seperate verb; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e161" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e255" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sarǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e166" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e260" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>sṛǰ</w>
                        <gloss><q>poor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e172" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e266" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>let flow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e178" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e272" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>harəč-</w>
                        <gloss><q>let fall</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e187" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e281" xml:lang="ae"><w>harəz-</w>
                        <gloss><q>poor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e193" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e287" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
                        <w>selken</w>
                        <gloss><q>fall (of liquid)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Thus, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi> is
                    from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp-sarjana</hi>- →*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āfšārjana</hi>-. The presence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> after <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>)
                    without a usual Iranian change → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> tells that we are dealing with a very old
                    complex word; cf. the presence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsnajyn"/> near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"/>. By
                    the derivation, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e205" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e299" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>ābšār</w>
                        <gloss><q>waterfall</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e307" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āb</w>
                        <gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e222" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e316" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>šār</w></mentioned> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e227" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e321" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>šarīdan</w>
                        <gloss><q>flow noisily</q></gloss></mentioned>). The change <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fš</hi> →
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xš</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṣ</hi>) is observed also in Khotanese, for example <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e235" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e329" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kṣārma</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e240" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e334" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>*fšarma</w>
                        <gloss><q>shame</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsarm"/>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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