<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zærvatykk</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zærvatykk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3996e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zærvatykk</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zærbatug</orth><form type="variant"><orth>zærbatukkæ</orth></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3996e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ласточка</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>swallow</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Hirundo</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Hirundo</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærvatykk</oRef> — ænæqyg, ænæmast
              cæræg! dæ zaræg — næ daræg, næ walʒæggænæg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточка — беспечальное, беззаботное создание!
                твоя песня — наша отрада, она делает нам весну</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the swallow is a carefree, careless creature!
                your song is our joy, it makes
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230718T100427+0300" comment="делает нам весну"?>spring<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                for us</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærvatykk</oRef> jæ læppynty alyvars
              cʼīlaw fæzyld</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточка покружилась, как волчок, вокруг своих
                птенцов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the swallow is circling around her nestlings
                like a spinning top</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adænlimæn <oRef>zærbatug</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">друг людей ласточка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swallow, a friend of people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
              <bibl xml:lang="ru"><biblScope>из нарт. сказаний</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><biblScope>from the Nart tales</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærbatgutæ</oRef> pærpær kænuncæ sæ
              særǧi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточки порхают над ними</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swallows are flying over them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kizgæ <oRef>zærbatugi</oRef> mardaw wælbæxæj
              ærtuldæj rinʒæmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушка, как мертвая ласточка, свалилась с коня
                на горную тропу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl, like a dead swallow, fell off her
                horse onto a mountain path</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1940 III 62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærbatugi</oRef> bazurtaw æ duwwæ bili,
              stʼaluj xuzæn æ duwwæ cæsti</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как крылья ласточки ее две губки, как звезды ее
                два глаза</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her two lips are like the wings of a swallow,
                her two eyes are like stars</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adænlimæn sageldumæg <oRef>zærbatug</oRef>!
              dæ xwarzænxæ min xucaw radtæd æma min mæ furt Soslanmæ fæcco</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">друг людей вилохвостка ласточка! да даст мне
                бог твою милость, слетай к моему сыну Сослану</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a fork-tailed swallow, a friend of people! may
                God grant me your mercy, fly to my son Soslan</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">curd <oRef>zærbatgutæ</oRef> mæ falʒosti
              zelioncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">быстрые ласточки кружились вокруг меня</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swift swallows were circling around me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
              <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w type="rec">zær-fatyg</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zara-pāθuka-</w></mentioned>. Вторая часть — от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pat-</w>, <w>pāθ-</w>
            <gloss><q>летать</q></gloss></mentioned> и означает <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">летающая</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">птица</q>. Ср. от этого же корня <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fat"><w>fat</w>
            <gloss><q>стрела</q></gloss></ref>. Первая часть (<w>zar-</w>) сближается с названием
          куропатки в ряде иранских языков: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zariš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>zarka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>zariǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>zareʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>zarazg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zaržo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
            <w>zraʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>žirež</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysara-</w>
            <note type="comment">(-<w type="rec">zara-</w>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Zairičī-</w>
            <gloss>женское имя</gloss></mentioned>. Этот же элемент — в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærnyg"><w>zær-nyg</w>
            <gloss><q>журавль</q></gloss></ref>. Может показаться странным, что один и тот же
          элемент использован в названиях столь разных птиц как ласточка, куропатка и журавль. Но
          удивляться этому не следует, — наименования птиц и перенос их с одной птицы на другую
          представляются часто недостаточно мотивированными (см. об этом, в частности:
              <bibl><author>Яковлев</author>. <title>Грамматика кабардино-черкесского языка</title>.
              <pubPlace>М.—Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1948</date>, <biblScope>стр.
            190–192</biblScope></bibl>), — тем более если <w>zær-</w> в приведенных словах имеет
          звукоподражательную природу: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">издавать звуки</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">щебетать</q> и т. п. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>zar-zar</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onomat. describing chattering or chirping of
                birds</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
                <biblScope>1037</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>zarag</w>
            <gloss><q>бекас</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вальдшнеп</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl>ibid.</bibl>)</note></mentioned>. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaryn"><w>zaryn</w>
            <gloss><q>петь</q></gloss></ref>. Стало быть, <oRef>zær-fatyg</oRef> переводится
          буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">щебетунья птичка</q>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>garrulus</w>
            <gloss><q>щебечущий</q><note type="comment"> (о ласточке)</note></gloss></mentioned>.
          Связь c <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zær"><w>zær-</w>
            <gloss><q>желтый</q></gloss></ref>, которую <name>Bailey</name> предполагает для
          приведенных выше названий куропатки (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
            <biblScope>347</biblScope></bibl>), для ласточки явно не подходит. — Соответствие
            -<c>v</c>- | -<c>b</c>- — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvas"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvas</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">robas</w>
            <gloss><q>лиса</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ʒyvyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ʒubur</w>
            <gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>381 сл.</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
            <biblScope>1983 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <w type="rec">zær-fatyg</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zara-pāθuka-</w></mentioned>. The second part is from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pat-</w>, <w>pāθ-</w>
            <gloss><q>fly</q></gloss></mentioned> and it means <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flying</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bird</q>. Cf. from the same root <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fat"><w>fat</w>
            <gloss><q>arrow</q></gloss></ref>. The first part (<w>zar-</w>) comes close to the name
          of partridge in a number of Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zariš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>zarka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>zariǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>zareʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
            <w>zarazg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zaržo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
            <w>zraʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>žirež</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysara-</w>
            <note type="comment">(-<w type="rec">zara-</w>)</note></mentioned>. See here also
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Zairičī-</w>
            <gloss>female name</gloss></mentioned>. The same element is in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærnyg"><w>zær-nyg</w>
            <gloss><q>crane</q></gloss></ref>. It may seem strange that the same element is used in
          the names of such different birds as swallow, partridge and crane. But this should not be
          surprising – the names of birds and their transfer from one bird to another often seem
          insufficiently motivated (see about this, in particular: <bibl><author>Jakovlev</author>.
              <title>Grammatika kabardino-čerkesskogo jazyka [Grammar of
              Kabardian-Circassian]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow—Leningrad</pubPlace>,
              <date>1948</date>, <biblScope>p. 190–192</biblScope></bibl>), – especially if
            <w>zær-</w> in the given words has an onomatopoeic nature: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">make sounds</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twitter</q> etc. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
            <w>zar-zar</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onomat. describing chattering or chirping of
                birds</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
                <biblScope>1037</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>zarag</w>
            <gloss><q>snipe</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>woodcock</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl>ibid.</bibl>)</note></mentioned>. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaryn"><w>zaryn</w>
            <gloss><q>sing</q></gloss></ref>. Thus, <oRef>zær-fatyg</oRef> translates literally as
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">chirping bird</q>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>garrulus</w>
            <gloss><q>chirping</q><note type="comment"> (about a
          swallow)</note></gloss></mentioned>. The relation with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zær"><w>zær-</w>
            <gloss><q>yellow</q></gloss></ref>, which <name>Bailey</name> suggests for the
          abovementioned partridge names (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
            <biblScope>347</biblScope></bibl>), is obviously not suitable for a swallow. — The
          correspondence -<c>v</c>- | -<c>b</c>- is like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvas"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvas</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">robas</w>
            <gloss><q>fox</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ʒyvyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ʒubur</w>
            <gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>381 ff.</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
            <biblScope>1983 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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