<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bīræ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_bīræ" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1947e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bīræ</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1947e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>beræ</orth><form xml:id="form_d1947e71" type="variant"><orth>bewræ</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1947e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d1947e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>много</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>much</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1947e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>многий</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>many</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1947e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>долго</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>for a long time</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1947e102"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>очень</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>very</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1947e112">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e114">
                        <quote>bīræ qæbatyr læppūtæ ʒy razyndī, bīræ ʒy ssardta ænafon jæ
                            mælæt</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>много оказалось там храбрых юношей, многие нашли там свою
                                безвременную гибель</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there were many brave young men, many found there their untimely
                                death</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e133">
                        <quote>dæ fos bīræ!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>да умножится твой скот</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>may your cattle multiply!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e148" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>beretæ ni maxæj dær eške ajjepp winag æj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>многие из нас также охотно замечают чужой недостаток</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>many of us also willingly notice another's defect</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e170" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>cudan colaqi beremæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>нас было много на челне</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there were many of us on the boat</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e188" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>beræ fæxxwæstæncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>долго они боролись</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they were fighting for a long time</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>9%l11%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1947e211" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>dæ læg dæ beræ wærzuj?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>муж тебя очень любит?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>does your husband loves you very much?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>11%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e400" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e236" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*baivar-</w></mentioned>. Хорошо представлено в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифских</hi> собственных
                    именах: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e405" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e241" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>Βαιορααπος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e411" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e247" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w>*baivar-aspa-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e416" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e252" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Βαιορμαιος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">=
                                <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e420" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e256" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w>*baivar-māya-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e425" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e261" xml:lang="xsc"><w>όυμβηυαροζ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">=
                                <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e429" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e265" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <w>xumbewræ</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e434" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e270" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Βευραζουρια</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">=
                                <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e438" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e274" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <w>bewræ-ʒoræ</w></mentioned></note></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>). За
                    пределами скифо-осетинского можно указать: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e448" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e284" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w>
                        <gloss><q>десять тысяч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e456" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e292" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w>
                        <gloss><q>десять тысяч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e464" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e300" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>byūra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e305" xml:lang="kho"><w>byurru</w>
                        <gloss><q>десять тысяч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e475" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e311" xml:lang="kho"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>много</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>VIII 121; IX 73</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e486" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e322" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>baevarə</w>
                        <gloss><q>десять тысяч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e494" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e330" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>множество</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Выпадение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">w</hi> в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">biræ</hi> |
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">beræ</hi>, как в -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">imæ</hi> (окончание союзного падежа) из -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iwmæ</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæmæ</hi>
                    ‘домой’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæwmæ</hi> и др. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e500" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e336" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>biur</w>
                        <gloss><q>десять тысяч</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e508" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e344" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>bewri</w>
                        <gloss><q>много</q></gloss></mentioned> ‘много’ считаются усвоенными из
                    персидского. Однако армянская форма ближе к староиронской *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bīwræ</hi>, а
                    грузинская — к современной дигорской <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e516" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e352" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>bewræ</w></mentioned>, чем обе они — к персидскому <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e522" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e358" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w></mentioned>, поэтому не исключено, что они усвоены из
                    аланского, как и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e527" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e363" xml:lang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
                        <w>beurə</w>
                        <gloss><q>много</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e535" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e371" xml:lang="kbd-x-crc"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>долго</q></gloss></mentioned>
                            (<bibl><author>Трубецкой</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1921, стр. 249</biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 56</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e236" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e400" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*baivar-</w></mentioned>. The word is widespread in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Scythian</hi> proper
                    names: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e241" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e405" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>Βαιορααπος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e247" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e411" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w>*baivar-aspa-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e252" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e416" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Βαιορμαιος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e256" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e420" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w>*baivar-māya-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e261" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e425" xml:lang="xsc"><w>όυμβηυαροζ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e265" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e429" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <w>xumbewræ</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e270" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e434" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Βευραζουρια</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e274" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e438" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                                <w>bewræ-ʒoræ</w></mentioned></note></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>).
                    Apart from Scythian-Ossetic, the following words are worth mentioning:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e448" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w>
                        <gloss><q>ten thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e292" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e456" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w>
                        <gloss><q>ten thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e464" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>byūra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e469" xml:lang="kho"><w>byurru</w>
                        <gloss><q>ten thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e311" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e475" xml:lang="kho"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>much</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>VIII 121; IX 73</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e322" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e486" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>baevarə</w>
                        <gloss><q>ten thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e330" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e494" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>multitude</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The loss of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">w</hi> in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">biræ</hi>
                    | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">beræ</hi>, like in -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">imæ</hi> (comitative case ending) from -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iwmæ</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæmæ</hi>
                    ‘home’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæwmæ</hi> etc. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e336" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e500" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>biur</w>
                        <gloss><q>ten thousand</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e344" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e508" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>bewri</w>
                        <gloss><q>much</q></gloss></mentioned> are considered to be adopted from
                    Persian. However, the Armenian form is close to the old Iron *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bīwræ</hi>, and the
                    Georgian one is close to the modern Digor <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e352" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e516" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>bewræ</w></mentioned>, than both of them are close to the Persian
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e358" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e522" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>bēvar</w></mentioned>, so it is quite possible that these forms were
                    adopted from Alan, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e363" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e527" xml:lang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
                        <w>beurə</w>
                        <gloss><q>much</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1947e371" xml:id="mentioned_d1947e535" xml:lang="kbd-x-crc"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>for a long time</q></gloss></mentioned>
                            (<bibl><author>Трубецкой</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1921, p. 249</biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 56</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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