<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_cyppūrs" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d214e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cyppūrs</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d214e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cæpporse</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d214e72"><def xml:lang="ru">название зимнего праздника, в христианской среде
                        приуроченного к рождеству</def><def xml:lang="en">the name of the winter
                        holiday, timed to coincide with Christmas in the Christian
                    religion</def></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d214e78">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d214e80">
                        <quote/>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(месяц) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cyppūrs%s | %sCæpporse</hi> приблизительно соответствует концу
                                ноября и половине декабря</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(month) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cyppūrs%s | %sCæpporse</hi> corresponds approximately to the
                                end of November and half of December</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                            264</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d214e99" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Cæpporsej bærægbon beræ zian kænuj xæʒaradæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>праздник <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Цаеппорсе</hi> наносит большой ущерб хозяйству</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>holiday <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cæpporsej</hi> causes great damage to the household</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>II 26</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Это слово тождественно с дигорским числительным <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e276" xml:id="mentioned_d214e124" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>cuppor</w>
                        <gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>, в настоящее время вытесненным
                    новообразованием <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duwinsæʒi"/> буквально „две
                    двадцатки“, но сохранившимся в так называемом пастушеском счете. Праздник назван
                    числительным „сорок“, вероятно, потому, что ему предшествовал сорокадневный
                    пост. Ср. по образованию <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e286" xml:id="mentioned_d214e134" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>σαραχοστή(← τεσσαραχοστή)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e291" xml:id="mentioned_d214e139" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>quarantain</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e297" xml:id="mentioned_d214e145" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                                <w>quarante</w>
                                <gloss><q>40</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>сорокадневный пост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e309" xml:id="mentioned_d214e157" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>сорокопуст</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e315" xml:id="mentioned_d214e163" xml:lang="ru"><w>сорокоуст</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e318" xml:id="mentioned_d214e166" xml:lang="ru"><w>Пятидесятница</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e321" xml:id="mentioned_d214e169" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>Pentecôte</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e326" xml:id="mentioned_d214e174" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>πεντήχοντα</w>
                        <gloss><q>50</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дигорское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> представляет
                    усеченную форму родительного падежа нумеративных слов (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> из
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej</hi>). Родительный падеж объясняется здесь тем, что подразумевалось
                    слово ‘праздник’: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej bærægbon</hi> „праздник сорока“. В дальнейшем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bærægbon"/> отпало, но форма родительного падежа
                    осталась. Этимологически <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> возводится к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e341" xml:id="mentioned_d214e184" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatvār(in)sat</w>
                        <gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e352" xml:id="mentioned_d214e196" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*trinsat</w></mentioned>); ср <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e357" xml:id="mentioned_d214e201" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>čaθwarəsat-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e362" xml:id="mentioned_d214e206" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>tcahōlsə</w></mentioned>. Второй гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> получился из
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vā</hi>-, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi> ‘солнце’ из
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xvār</hi>. Влияние <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi>, вопреки <bibl><author>А. Фрейману</author></bibl>
                            (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">юбилейный сборник в честь С. Ф.
                            Ольденбурга, 1934, стр. 562</biblScope></bibl>), здесь ни при чем, ибо в этом случае и в иронском было бы
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> а не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū</hi>. Различие в огласовке между <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi> ‘четыре’ и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppurs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
                    ‘сорок’ возникло как результат следующего мыслимого звукового развития:
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvār</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čætbar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čæppar</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>
                    | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi>; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvārinsat</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætorins</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætors</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi>→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> под влиянием <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>). Как часто
                    бывает, слово, законсервированное в культе (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>), имеет более
                    архаическую форму, чем это же слово из бытового пастушеского счета (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppor</hi>):
                    в первом случае удержался на конце <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> не ослабел в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>. К
                    осетинскому примыкает балкарское числительное пастушеского счета: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e384" xml:id="mentioned_d214e227" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>šəppor</w>
                        <gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. другие десятки этого счета:
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> ‘30’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/> ‘50’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/> ‘60’,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/> ‘70’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/> ‘80’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/> ‘90’.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Карачаевское</hi> название января <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e406" xml:id="mentioned_d214e249" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>qərqauz aj</w></mentioned> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e411" xml:id="mentioned_d214e255" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>qərq</w>
                        <gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>) представляет перевод осетинского
                    названия декабря <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej mæjæ</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>). Эта карачаевская калька
                    осетинского термина лишний раз подтверждает, что в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> мы
                    имеем забытое числительное ‘сорок’.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>283</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">This word is identical to the Digor numeral <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e124" xml:id="mentioned_d214e276" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>cuppor</w>
                        <gloss><q>forty</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is now displaced by an
                    innovation <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duwinsæʒi"/> literally “two twenty”,
                    but it remains in so-called shepherd count. The holiday is named after the
                    numeral “forty”, probably because it was preceded by a forty-day fast. Cf. by
                    the formation <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e134" xml:id="mentioned_d214e286" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>σαραχοστή(← τεσσαραχοστή)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e139" xml:id="mentioned_d214e291" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>quarantain</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e145" xml:id="mentioned_d214e297" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                                <w>quarante</w>
                                <gloss><q>40</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
                        <gloss><q>forty day fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e157" xml:id="mentioned_d214e309" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>sorokopust</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e163" xml:id="mentioned_d214e315" xml:lang="ru"><w>sorokoust</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e166" xml:id="mentioned_d214e318" xml:lang="ru"><w>Pjatidesjatnica</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e169" xml:id="mentioned_d214e321" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
                        <w>Pentecôte</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e174" xml:id="mentioned_d214e326" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
                        <w>πεντήχοντα</w>
                        <gloss><q>50</q></gloss></mentioned>. Digor <oRef>cæpporse</oRef> represents
                    an apocopic form of numelar words' genitive case (<oRef>cæpporse</oRef> from
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej</hi>). Genitive case is explained here by the fact that there should
                    have been the word ‘holiday’: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej bærægbon</hi> “holiday of fourty”. Later
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bærægbon"/> has been lost, but the genitive
                    case form has remained. Etymologically <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> traces back to
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e184" xml:id="mentioned_d214e341" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*čatvār(in)sat</w>
                        <gloss><q>forty</q></gloss></mentioned> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e196" xml:id="mentioned_d214e352" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*trinsat</w></mentioned>); cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e201" xml:id="mentioned_d214e357" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>čaθwarəsat-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e206" xml:id="mentioned_d214e362" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>tcahōlsə</w></mentioned>. The second vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> came from
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vā</hi>-, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi> ‘sun’ from
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xvār</hi>. The influence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi>, contrary to <bibl><author>A.
                        Freiman</author></bibl> (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">festschrift in honour of S.F. Oldenburg, 1934, p. 562
                        </biblScope></bibl>), is not the reason here, because in that case there
                    would be <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> instead of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū</hi> in the Iron form as well. The different vocalism
                    in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi> ‘four’ and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppurs</hi> |
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> ‘fourty’ appeared as a result of the following phonetic development:
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvār</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čætbar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čæppar</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>
                    | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi>; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvārinsat</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætorins</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætors</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi>→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> under the influence of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>).
                    As it often happens, the word conserved in cult (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>) has a more ancient
                    form than the same word which is in use in everyday shepherd count (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppor</hi>):
                    in the first case there remains the final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> did not weaken to
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>. The following Balkar numeral of shepherd count relates to the Ossetic
                    one: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e227" xml:id="mentioned_d214e384" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>šəppor</w>
                        <gloss><q>fourty</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf other tens of this count: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> ‘30’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/> ‘50’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/> ‘60’,
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/> ‘70’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/> ‘80’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/> ‘90’.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Karachay</hi> name for January <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e249" xml:id="mentioned_d214e406" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>qərqauz aj</w></mentioned> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e255" xml:id="mentioned_d214e411" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>qərq</w>
                        <gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>) is the tranlation of December from
                    Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej mæjæ</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>). This Karachay calque of the
                    Ossetic term confirms once again that in <oRef>cyppūrs</oRef> |
                        <oRef>cæpporse</oRef> we have a forgotten numeral ‘forty’.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>283</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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