<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæǧdyn</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_cæǧdyn" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1778e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cæǧdyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d1778e68" type="variant"><orth>caǧd</orth></form></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1778e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cæǧdun</orth><form xml:id="form_d1778e73" type="participle"><orth>caǧd</orth></form></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_cæǧdyn.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>вытряхивать</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>dump out</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_cæǧdyn.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>ковать</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>hammer</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="3" xml:id="sense_cæǧdyn.3"><sense xml:id="sense_d1778e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>играть на инструменте</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>play some music instrument</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1778e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>бить в колокол</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>clang a bell</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <sense n="4" xml:id="sense_cæǧdyn.4"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>истреблять</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>destroy</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="5" xml:id="sense_cæǧdyn.5"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>наваливать</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>clutter</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1778e137">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e139" type="lemma"><orth>qūsy bacæǧdyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1778e142"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>шепнуть на ухо</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>whisper in smb's ear</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1778e153">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e155" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ḱʼyræj cæǧdyn</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e158" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kʼiræj cæǧdun</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1778e161"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>белить известью</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>lime</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e171">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e173" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                            <usg><lang/></usg>
                            <quote>rævʒæ aværttæ, kʼiræj caǧd</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>исправные помещения, побеленные известью</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>limed rooms in good order</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>271%l4%l</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e195">
                            <quote>kʼiræj caǧd færstæ ræsuǧd zinnuncæ</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>выбеленные стены выглядят красиво</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>limed walls look beautiful</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1934 III—IV
                                    86</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1778e216">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e218" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gænʒæxtæ cæǧdyn</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e221" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tæppæztæ cæǧdun</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1778e224"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>биться в агонии</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>thrash around in agony</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1778e235">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e237" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>tʼængtæ cæǧdyn</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e240" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xælærttæ cæǧdun</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1778e243"><sense xml:id="sense_d1778e244"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>возмущать</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>disturb</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1778e253"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>выводить из себя</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>drive smb crazy</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1778e262"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>быть ненавистным</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>be hateful</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e272">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e274" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                            <usg><lang/></usg>
                            <quote>(lodærtæn) kolxozi kust cæǧduj sæ xælærttæ</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>(лодырям) колхозный труд ненавистен</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>collective farm labour is hateful (to idlers)</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>193%l4%l</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1778e299">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1778e301" type="lemma"><orth>sænttæ cæǧdyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1778e304"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>бредить</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>rave</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e315">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e317">
                        <quote>gawyz acæǧd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>вытряси ковер</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>shake out the carpet</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e332" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>bacæǧdæn mulkgintæn sæ ǧun</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>вытрясем шерсть у богатых</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>[we] will shake wool off the rich</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e354">
                        <quote>arsīmæ kærdo ma cæǧd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не тряси грушу (в компании) с медведем</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>do not shake the pear (in the company) of the bear</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            192</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e373">
                        <quote>ysxyztī fætk˳yjyl æmæ jæ nyccaǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>влез на яблоню и потряс ее</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>[he] climbed onto the apple tree and shook it</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e393">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e395">
                        <quote>Ʒaxxo jæ cævæg racaǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Дзаххо отбил свою косу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Dzaxxo hammered his scythe</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e411">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e413">
                        <quote>(Syrdon) fændyr rajsta, racyd Nartmæ æmæ…jæ nyccaǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>(Сырдон) взял <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">фандыр</hi>, вышел к Нартам и заиграл на нем</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(Syrdon) took <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">fandyr</hi>, went to Narts and played it</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e428" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Aǧundi ǧosi xætæli caǧd ærcudæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>до слуха Агунды донеслась игра на свирели</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Agunda heard the reedpipe playing</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>55
                                %l46—47%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e450">
                        <quote>ʒængæræg bīræ fæcaǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>она долго била в колокол</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>she was clanging the bell for a long time</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e470">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e472" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ǧædæ ʒæǧæli cæǧdun næ ǧæwuj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не следует зря истреблять (рубить) лес</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>you should not destroy (cut down) the forest for nothing</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e494">
                        <quote>Batraʒ… syn byncaǧd nykkodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Батрадз полностью истребил их (великанов)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Batradz completely exterminated them (giants)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>220</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e513">
                        <quote>aci fat… xaci æ adæmi xæccæ fæccæǧdæd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>пусть эта стрела истребит хана с его людьми</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>let this arrow destroy the khan with his people</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>14%l11%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1778e533">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e535">
                        <quote>kæræžījyl sæ sūgty-zaǧd yskodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он навалил их друг на друга, как дрова</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he piled them on top of each other like wood</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1778e554">
                        <quote>farasty dær yscaǧd kodton kæræʒīwy</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>всех девять (волков) я навалил друг на друга</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>I piled all nine (wolves) on top of each other</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Понятие ‘удара’ лежит в основе всех значений. Форма прош.
                    причастия <hi rendition="#rend_italic">caǧd</hi> (вместо ожидаемого *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">caǧst</hi>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karst</hi> и др.) заставляет думать, что корень был
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čag</hi>- (resp. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čak</hi>-), а не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čagd</hi>-, и что в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæǧdyn</hi> мы имеем необычный
                    случай, когда прош. причастие взято за основу наст, времени; ср. в этом
                    отношении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsadyn"/> ‘насыщать’; на корень
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cag(čak-)</hi> указывает и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e659" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e581" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>i-ʒæx-s-un</w>
                        <gloss><q>рассыпать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e667" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e589" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>i-ʒæǧ-næ</w>
                        <gloss><q>трут для получения огня</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сближается с
                    некоторыми памирскими глаголами: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e673" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e595" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>čak-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e679" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e601" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>čak-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e684" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e606" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>čuk-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e689" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e611" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>čok-</w>
                        <gloss><q>ударять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e697" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e619" xml:lang="yah"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для идеосемантики ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e703" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e625" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>zadan</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и ‘играть на
                            инструменте’</note>
                        <gloss><q>бить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒæǧd"/> ‘отбивание такта ладонями’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæǧd"/> ‘россыпь’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæǧdun"/> ‘разбрасывать’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæxsun"/> ‘рассыпать’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælʒæǧdæn"/> ‘ветер со снегом’, ‘метель’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iʒæǧnæ"/> ‘трут’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                    184</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The notion of ‘beat’ is underlines all meanings. The past
                    participle form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">caǧd</hi> (instead of expected *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">caǧst</hi>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">karst</hi> etc.) leads us to assume that the root
                    looked like <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čag</hi>- (resp. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čak</hi>-), and not like <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čagd</hi>-, and that in
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæǧdyn</hi> we deal with an unusual case where past partciple is taken as a
                    present tense stem; cf. in this sense <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsadyn"/>
                    ‘satisfy’; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e581" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e659" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>i-ʒæx-s-un</w>
                        <gloss><q>spread</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e589" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e667" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>i-ʒæǧ-næ</w>
                        <gloss><q>touchwood for making fire</q></gloss></mentioned> refers to the
                    root <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cag(čak-)</hi> as well. The word gets close to some Pamir languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e595" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e673" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>čak-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e601" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e679" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
                        <w>čak-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e606" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e684" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>čuk-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e611" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e689" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>čok-</w>
                        <gloss><q>hit</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e619" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e697" xml:lang="yah"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned>. Fot the ideosemantics cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1778e625" xml:id="mentioned_d1778e703" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>zadan</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">and ‘play some
                            music instrument’</note>
                        <gloss><q>beat</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmʒæǧd"/> ‘beating rythm with palms’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæǧd"/> ‘scattering’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæǧdun"/> ‘scatter’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræʒæxsun"/> ‘spread’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælʒæǧdæn"/> ‘wind with snow’, ‘snowstorm’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iʒæǧnæ"/> ‘touchwood’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
                    184</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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