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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wyrd_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wyrd_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1397e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wyrd</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>urdæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1397e69">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>выдра</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>otter</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Lutra</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Lutra</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg>
            <orth>urdfalænbulaj</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выдровый или бобровый воротник</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">collar made from otter or beaver fur</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ zærdæmæ fæcyd wyzynæn <oRef>wyrdy</oRef>
              carm: cæj æmæ næ daræs baīvæm, <oRef>wyrd</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ежу понравилась шкура выдры (и он говорит):
                давай поменяемся одеждой, выдра!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hedgehog liked the otter's skin (and he
                said): let's switch our clothes, otter!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1957</date>
              <biblScope>III 47</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Rukʼ, Ʒomaǧ, Syba ḱyzg k˳y ’rvystoj, wæd yn
              īnnæ ʒawmættīmæ zynarǧ cærmttæ dær læværdtoj — sælabyrtæ æmæ <oRef>wyrdtæ</oRef> (wæd
              Lewaxi æmæ jæ færssag dætty <oRef>wyrd</oRef> aræx wyd)</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(жители аулов) Рук, Дзомаг, Сба когда выдавали
                девушку замуж, то вместе с другими вещами давали ей также дорогие меха — куницы,
                выдры (в то время в Лиахве и ее притоках водилось много выдр)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the inhabitants of the villages) Ruk, Dzomag,
                Sba, when they married off a girl, gave her along with the other things also
                expensive furs — of a marten, of an otter (by that time in Liakhva and its inflows
                there were lots of otters)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1962</date>
              <biblScope>VII 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wyrdy</oRef> nad yn yskodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его избили, как выдру</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was beaten as an otter</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">перед снятием шкуры c выдры ее бьют палками,
                    чтобы шкура раздалась</q></quote>: </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">before they remove the skin from an
                    otter, they beat it with sticks to make the skin broader</q></quote>:
                </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
              <biblScope>III 1322</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Группа <c>rd</c> нередко возникает как метатеза из <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
            <gloss><q>лук</q></gloss></ref> из <w type="rec">druna-</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdū</w>
            <gloss><q>волос</q></gloss></ref> из <w type="rec">drau-</w> и др. В<oRef/> |
            <oRef>urdæ</oRef> имеем такую же метатезу. Закономерно возводится к <w type="rec">udra-</w>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">udro-</w></mentioned>, связано
          с <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">udor-</w>, <w type="rec">wedor-</w>
            <gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>78 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Индоевропейские народы хорошо знали это животное
          еще на своей прародине, т. е. по меньшей мере с 4-го тысячелетия до нашей эры. Лексические
          соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>udrak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>udra-</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>udra-</w>
            <gloss>название какого-то водного животного</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-dardic"><lang/>
            <w>ūdr</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230424T210848+0300" comment="язык ланда - нет в списке"?><mentioned xml:lang="x-dardic"><lang/>
            <w>udr</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
            <biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>выдра</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>wydra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>ū́dra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>otr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>ottar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Otter</w>, <w>Fisch-otter</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ὕδρα</w>
            <gloss><q>гидра</q></gloss>, <w>ἕνυδρις</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang>Лат.</lang>
            <w>lutra</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss> — результат табуистической деформации или контаминации <w type="rec">utra</w> (← <w type="rec">udra-</w>) с <w>latum</w>
            <gloss><q>грязь</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
            <biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>. — Из аланского (сарматского) идут <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
            <w>vurd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>vudor</w>
            <gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>V 326</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
            <biblScope>119, 216, прим. 2</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>347—348</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
            <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 144</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>19, 36</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The cluster <c>rd</c> often occurs as a result of the metathesis from
            <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
            <gloss><q>bow</q></gloss></ref> from <w type="rec">druna-</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdū</w>
            <gloss><q>hair</q></gloss></ref> from <w type="rec">drau-</w> etc. The word <oRef/> |
            <oRef>urdæ</oRef> contains the same metathesis. It goes regularly back to <w type="rec">udra-</w>, Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">udro-</w></mentioned>,
          which is connected with <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">udor-</w>, <w type="rec">wedor-</w>
            <gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>78 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The Indo-European peoples knew this animal well
          ever since they lived in their ancestral home, i.e. at least since 4th millenium BC. The
          lexical correpondences are: <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>udrak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>udra-</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>udra-</w>
            <gloss>the name of some water animal</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-dardic"><lang/>
            <w>ūdr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-dardic"><lang/>
            <w>udr</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
            <biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>vydra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>wydra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>ū́dra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>otr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>ottar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Otter</w>, <w>Fisch-otter</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ὕδρα</w>
            <gloss><q>hydra</q></gloss>, <w>ἕνυδρις</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>lutra</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss> is a result of tabooistic deformation or lexical blending <w type="rec">utra</w> (← <w type="rec">udra-</w>) with <w>latum</w>
            <gloss><q>mud</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
            <biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>. — From Alanian (Sarmatian) are borrowed <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
            <w>vurd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>vudor</w>
            <gloss><q>otter</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>V 326</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
            <biblScope>119, 216, note 2</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>347—348</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
            <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 144</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>19, 36</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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