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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">adæm</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_adæm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231220T112419+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5540e66" type="lemma"><orth>adæm</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5540e69">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5540e70">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>люди</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>people</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d5540e79">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>народ</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>nation</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5540e89">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e91">
                        <quote><oRef>adæmy</oRef> farn bīræ ū</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>фарн народа велик</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"><foreign>farn</foreign></ref>
                                of the people is great</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>III 189</biblScope><note type="comment">, ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                                    <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl></note></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e110">
                        <quote><oRef>adæmæn</oRef> sæ ræsūǧd wættæ qarmæj, rajʒastæj læwwync</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у людей красивые комнаты стоят теплые, светлые</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>people’s beautiful rooms are [lit. stand] warm, filled with light</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e129">
                        <quote>iron <oRef>adæm</oRef></quote>
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231220T111441+0300" comment="по кавычкам как будто это re"?>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">осетинский народ</q>
                        </abv:tr><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Ossetian nation</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
                            <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e148">
                        <quote>æmæ jæ fædyl cydīs bīræ <oRef>adæm</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>и следовало за Ним множество народа</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there followed him great multitudes of people</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
                            <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 25</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e167">
                        <quote><oRef>adæm</oRef> tærxon kænyn rajdydtoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>народ стал судить</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the people started to judge</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e187">
                        <quote><oRef>adæm</oRef> fæsabyr sty</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>народ затих</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the peopled calmed down</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e206" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>sæ astæw <oRef>adæmtæ</oRef> bacudæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>между ними вошли (посредниками) люди</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>between them came people (as intermediaries)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_LQ"/><biblScope>III
                            38</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e317" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e231" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w>
                        <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово распространено по всему
                    Кавказу: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e325" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e239" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>adamiani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e329" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e244" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e249" xml:lang="dar"><w>adamili</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e337" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e252" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
                        <w>adamina</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e341" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e258" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>ʽadam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e347" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e263" xml:lang="av"><w>ʽadan</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e265" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e353" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e269" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>. Ср. также: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e358" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e274" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Залеман</author>
                        <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                        <biblScope>1907, стр. 537</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e367" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e284" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w>
                        <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>люди</q></gloss></mentioned>. В
                    осетинском неоформленное <oRef>adæm</oRef> имеет значение не индивида, а
                    коллектива: <gloss><q>люди</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>народ</q></gloss>, и уже
                    отсюда, с помощью суффикса <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>,
                    образовано понятие <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>; аналогичную картину мы находим
                    в племенных названиях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætær"><w>tætær</w>
                        <gloss><q>татары</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætæjrag"><w>tætæjrag</w>
                        <gloss><q>татарин</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"><w>g˳yrʒy</w>
                        <gloss><q>грузины</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>gurʒiag</w>
                        <gloss><q>грузин</q></gloss></ref>, и т. п.; объясняется это, несомненно,
                    тем, что в осознании людей той эпохи, которую отражает в данном случае
                    осетинский язык, понятие коллектива было первичным, а понятие индивида —
                        вторичным.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e317" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa trk"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w>
                        <gloss><q>person, human being</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word is
                    widespread all over the Caucasus: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e239" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e325" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>adamiani</w></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e244" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e329" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e334" xml:lang="dar"><w>adamini</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e252" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e337" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
                        <w>adamina</w></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e258" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e341" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>ʽadam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e347" xml:lang="av"><w>ʽadan</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e349" xml:lang="inh" extralang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e353" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
                        <w>adam</w></mentioned>. Compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e274" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e358" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Salemann</author>,  <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                        <biblScope>1907, p. 537</biblScope></bibl>) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e284" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e367" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>ādam</w>
                        <gloss><q>person, people</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">adæm</hi> without suffixation refers not to an
                    individual, but to a group: <gloss><q>people</q></gloss>,
                        <gloss><q>nation</q></gloss>. The word for <gloss><q>person</q></gloss> is
                    derived from this root using the suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>. A similar situation is observed for tribal or
                    national names: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætær"><w>tætær</w>
                        <gloss><q>the Tatars</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætæjrag"><w>tætæjrag</w>
                        <gloss><q>a Tatar</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒ"><w>g˳yrʒ</w>
                        <gloss><q>the Georgians</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
                        <gloss><q>a Georgian</q></gloss></ref>, etc. The explanation for this is
                    doubtlessly that in the conscience of the people of earlier times, which is in
                    this case reflected in the Ossetic language, the concept of a group was primary,
                    and the concept of an individual was secondary.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
                            <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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