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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæltʼamæ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæltʼamæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T222407+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d835e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæltʼamæ</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xaltʼama</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xælpʼanæ</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xælpʼamæ</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xæmpʼalæ</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xaltʼama</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d835e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>кукурузные галушки</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>cornflour dumplings</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæltʼamadon</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похлебка, в которой варились кукурузное
                галушки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145349+0300" comment="похлёбка"?>soup
                <?oxy_comment_end ?>in which cornflour dumplings were cooked</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nartxory ‘ssad cæmæj tajændær wydaid, ūj
              tyxxæj ʒy fyxtoj <oRef>xæltʼamætæ</oRef>; xyssæjæ īw armyʒag sīstoj, balqyvtoj īw æj,
              æmæ īw æj nyppærstoj fycgæ basy kænæ æxsīdgæ dony</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чтобы кукурузная мука была более переваримой,
                из нее варили <emph>xæltʼamæ</emph>; из теста брали горсть, мяли его и бросали в
                кипящий бульон или кипящую воду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for cornflour to be more digestible, they used
                to cook <emph>xæltʼamæ</emph> from it; took a handful from the dough,
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145534+0300" comment="мяли"?>pressed
                <?oxy_comment_end ?>it and threw it into boiling stock or boiling water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <date>1969</date>
              <biblScope>I 82—83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūm wazægæn qælʒæg æværync jæ razy je wazal
              <oRef/> je sūʒgæ næmyg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">там гостю весело предлагают или холодные
                галушки, или жгучую пулю</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there they merrily offer the guest either cold
                dumplings or a burning bullet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Куб."/>
              <biblScope>187</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xaltʼama</oRef> xsiri xæccæ
              xwærun</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ем галушки с молоком</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I eat dumplings with milk</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
              <biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(xwæræ) je ‘nsuværtæn isxasta xaltʼamadon ma
              sin sæ razi nivvardta ma randæj; raburdæj æ cʼasæj saw zærinsær xelagæ, agi medægæ
                <oRef>xaltʼamadoni</oRef> wældaj bastæruj æ buntæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(сестра) своим братьям принесла (котел)
                кукурузной похлебки, поставила перед ними и ушла; выползла из норы черная с
                золотистой головой змея, вылизывает до дна из котла остатки кукурузной похлебки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(sister) brought her brothers (a cauldron) of
                cornflour
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145737+0300" comment="похлёбка"?>soup<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
                put it in front of them and left; a black golden-headed snake crawled out of the
                hole, it licks out of the cauldron the leftovers of the cornflour soup down to the
                bottom</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsijnæ sin æxe kʼoxæj
                <oRef>xaltʼamadon</oRef> fællævardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахсина из собственной руки давала им кукурузную
                похлебку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsinæ gave them cornflour soup from her own
                hand</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qatlama</w>
            <gloss><q>толстые слоеные лепешки, жареные в масле</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 300</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
                <biblScope>II 4</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><note type="comment">Для турецкого
                  дается также значение <gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss>:</note>
                <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>II 675</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(из узб.)</note>
            <w>qatlama</w>
            <gloss><q>сдобная слоеная лепешка</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Тадж.-русск. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>x́älʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
              <w>x́aləpʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>x́alpʼam</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Шагиров</author>. <title>Этим. сл.</title>
                <biblScope>II 118—119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
              <w>a-x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
              <w>x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
              <w>xampʼala</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
                <biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>x́oltʼam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>x́altʼam</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>галушка</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Чеч.-инг.-русск. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>Грозный</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>x́altʼam</w>
            <gloss><q>галушки из кукурузной муки</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Перебой <c>tʼ</c> || <c>pʼ</c>
          мог произойти на осетинской почве, ср. такие пары как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntʼūxyn"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmpʼūxyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætʼūzyn"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmpʼūzyn"/>. — Тюркское
          слово производят от <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>слой</q>, <q>ярус</q> и пр. (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слоеная
                лепешка</q>)</gloss></mentioned>. Если учесть, однако, что <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слоеность</q> налицо только в некоторых тюркских языках и
          полностью отсутствует во всех других случаях, связь c <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>слой</q></gloss></mentioned> может быть результатом позднейшего осмысления. В
          действительности же мы имеем дело с древним странствующим кулинарным термином типа
            <w>xltm</w> ‖ <w>xlmt</w> ‖ <w>slmt</w>, который распознается также в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>саламата</w>
            <gloss><q>жидкая каша</q> и пр.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>II 571</biblScope><note type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Unklar</q></note></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qatlama</w>
            <gloss><q>thick
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145950+0300" comment="слоёный"?>layered<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                flatbread fried in oil</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 300</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
                <biblScope>II 4</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><note type="comment">For Turkic the
                  meaning <gloss><q>bread</q></gloss> is also attested:</note>
                <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>II 675</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Also <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(from Uzbek)</note>
            <w>qatlama</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150125+0300" comment="сдобный"?>sweet<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150119+0300" comment="слоёный"?>layered<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                flatbread</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Tadžiksko-russkij slovarʼ</title>
                <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p.
              487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
              <w>x́älʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
              <w>x́aləpʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>x́alpʼam</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Šagirov</author>.
                  <title><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150224+0300" comment="title is incomplete"?>Ètimologičeskij
                  slovarʼ<?oxy_comment_end ?></title> [Etymological dictionary] <biblScope>II
                  118—119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
              <w>a-x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
              <w>x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang>Georgian</lang>
              <note type="comment">(Mokhevian)</note>
              <w>xampʼala</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
                <biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>x́oltʼam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>x́altʼam</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>dumpling</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Čečensko-ingušsko-russkij slovarʼ</title>
                [Chechen-Ingush-Russian dictionary]. <pubPlace>Grozny</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
            <w>x́altʼam</w>
            <gloss><q>cornflour dumplings</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c>tʼ</c> ||
            <c>pʼ</c> could have occurred in Ossetic, cf. such doublets as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntʼūxyn"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmpʼūxyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætʼūzyn"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmpʼūzyn"/>. — The Turkic
          word is usually derived from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T154409+0300" comment="NB: xæccæ??"?><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>layer</q>, <q>tier</q> etc. (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">layered
                flatbread</q>)</gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. However, if one considers
          that the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">layering</q> meaning is only found in some
          Turkic language and is completely absent in all other cases, the connection with
            <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
            <gloss><q>layer</q></gloss></mentioned> may be the result of later reanalysis. We are in
          fact dealing with an ancient wandering culinary term of the type <w>xltm</w> ‖ <w>xlmt</w>
          ‖ <w>slmt</w>, which is also recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>salamata</w>
            <gloss><q>watery porridge</q> etc.</gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>II 571</biblScope><note type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Unklar</q></note></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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