<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tona</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tona" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T212135+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d66e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tona</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tonaw</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d66e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>похищенное</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>stolen</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>отнятое</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>taken away</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>добыча</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>plunderage</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в особенности </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">especially </note>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>оружие, доспехи, снятые с убитого или побежденного врага</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>weapons, armour taken from a killed or defeated enemy</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>трофейное оружие</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>captured weapons</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tona kænyn</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tonaw kænun</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">урывать в свою пользу</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">snatch to one’s own advantage</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>грабить</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>rob</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>расхищать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>plunder</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
          <sense xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T120100+0300" comment="надо помечать язык? по идее это надо сделать отдельный сенсгруп но у абаева через зпт все" id="lkv_d1c_rwb" flag="done"?>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211126+0300" parentID="lkv_d1c_rwb" comment="надо всё-таки сенсгруп" flag="done" mid="2"?>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211202+0300" parentID="lkv_d1c_rwb" comment="скорее всего просто он в сабэнтри не делает точку с запятой, тобы не запутывать" flag="done" mid="3"?>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Digor also</note><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>рвать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>tear</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>раздирать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>rend</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>терзать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>torment</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tonagænæg</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tonawgænæg</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рвач</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grabber</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>расхититель</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>robber</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barst dyn wæd acy xatt acy tyx
                <oRef>tona</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть простится тебе на этот раз это
                насильственное хищение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may you be forgiven this time for this violent
                theft</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmæj cy <oRef>ratona</oRef> kæna uwyl
              arxajy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он занят тем, у кого бы что урвать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he is busy trying to snatch something from
                someone</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Soslan Alibegæn) æ <oRef>tonawtæ</oRef> æ
              bæxbæl iscurxta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Сослан у Алибега) его доспехи взвалил на его
                коня</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Soslan) put his (Alibeg’s) armour on his
                horse</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærtindæsej dær bafsnajdta, sæ bæxtæbæl sin sæ
                <oRef>tonawtæ</oRef> babasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">всех тринадцать он убил (<q>убрал</q>), их
                доспехи привязал к их коням</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he killed (<q>removed</q>) all thirteen people,
                tied their armour to their horses</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæxwædæg ba wærtæ <oRef>tonawtæj</oRef> ke
              fæjjista, onæmæ kard baagoræ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты же поищи саблю среди оружия, которое он
                отнял в качестве добычи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you look for a sabre among the weapons that he
                took as booty</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fændæ din æz baamonʒænæn, æma min sæ
                <oRef>tonawtæj</oRef> æmbes xaj raddæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я дам тебе совет (<q>научу тебя</q>) (как
                разделаться с врагами), а ты дай мне половину захваченного у них оружия</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will give you advice (<q>teach you</q>)
                  (<q>how to deal with enemies</q>), and you give me half of the weapons seized from
                them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fædesænttæ razdaxtæncæ Qæræmi xantæn sæ
                <oRef>tonawti</oRef> xæccæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">преследователи вернулись с захваченной у
                крымских ханов добычей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the pursuers returned with booty captured from
                the Crimean khans</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd cid eske <oRef>batonaw</oRef> kænidæ, wæd
              xwærdgun, kenæ ba æstong</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ему удавалось кого-нибудь ограбить, то он
                был сыт, а не то — голоден</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if he managed to rob someone, then he was full,
                otherwise he was hungry</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1940 III 49</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧæwungi ædasæj racæwæn n’adtæj, læǧuzgængutæ
                <oRef>batonaw</oRef> kænioncæ lægi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">по улице нельзя было пройти в безопасности,
                преступники грабили людей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it was impossible to walk down the street in
                safety, criminals robbed people</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ coqatæ, sæ kurættæ sin niffærwakæ
              kodtoncæ, cuma sæ ærsitæ <oRef>batonawtæ</oRef> kodtoncæ, otæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черкески и бешметы на них изорвали в клочья,
                как будто их изодрали медведи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cherkeskas and beshmets were torn to shreds on
                them, as if they had been torn to pieces by bears</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">es kolxozi ʒændæltæ dær,
                <oRef>tonawgængutæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">есть в колхозе и лентяи, рвачи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the collective farm there are also lazy
                people, grabbers</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>tona-</w>
              <gloss><q>обдирать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отнимать силой</q></gloss>,
                  <gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tonaw</w>
              <gloss><q>добыча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tonawčə</w>
              <gloss><q>грабитель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
              <w>tonu-</w>
              <gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1176</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>488</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang>Балк.</lang>
            <w>tonaw</w>
            <gloss><q>грабеж</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трофей</q></gloss></mentioned> отложилось в
          топонимии: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><phr>Tonaw ülešgen töbe</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Холм дележа трофеев</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                <phr>Трофейная гора</phr></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Коков, Шахмурзаев</author>.
                  <title>Балк. топоним. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр. 11,
                122</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Народная этимология связывает с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonyn"><w>tonyn</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
              <w>tona-</w>
              <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T130957+0300" comment="? это такое обдирать?"?>abrade<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                  <gloss><q>take away by force</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rob</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tonaw</w>
              <gloss><q>plunderage</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tonawčə</w>
              <gloss><q>robber</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
              <w>tonu-</w>
              <gloss><q>rob</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1176</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>488</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>tonaw</w>
            <gloss><q>robbery</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trophy</q></gloss></mentioned> is
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T131104+0300" comment="отложилось?"?>present<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          in toponymy: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><phr>Tonaw ülešgen töbe</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Trophy dividing hill</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                <phr>Trofejnaya gora</phr>
                <gloss><q>trophy mountain</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Kokov,
                  Shahmurzaev</author>. <title>Balkarskij toponimičeskij slovarʼ</title> [Balkar toponymic
                  dictionary]. <pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 11, 122</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Folk etymology
          associates it with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonyn"><w>tonyn</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>