<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">safyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
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  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_safyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3581e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>safyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>sæft</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>isafyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>isavd</orth></form><form type="lemma"><orth> (isaft-)</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3581e69" n="1">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>терять</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>to lose</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>губить</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to ruin</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>уничтожать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to destroy</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сводить на нет</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to nullify</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>засылать куда-нибудь (в виде наказания)</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to exile somewhere (as punishment)</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>портить</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to spoil</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пачкать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to dirty</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ qūscæǵytæj īw
              <oRef>fesædton</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я потеряла одну из своих сережек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have lost one of my earrings</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ‘xcadon kæm <oRef>fesæftaj</oRef>?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты потерял свой кошелек?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you lose your purse?</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wærdon mijjag k˳y asædda, wæddær cy
                <oRef>safy</oRef>: sūgæn yn babæzʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если даже поломается его арба, и тогда что он
                теряет: пригодится ему на дрова</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even if his araba breaks down, he loses
                nothing: it can be used as firewood</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">farisejtæ ta... tærxon kodtoi jæ nyxmæ, k˳yd
              æj <oRef>fesafoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">фарисеи же... имели совещание против него, как
                бы погубить его</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">but the Pharisees … conspired against him, how
                to destroy him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">12</hi> 14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy arazgæ dær warzonʒīnad kæny,
                <oRef>safgæ</oRef> dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">любовь и образует людей, и губит (их)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">love forms people, but also destroys (them)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma kæn, Tajmuraz, dæxī ma
              <oRef>saf</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не делай (этого), Таймураз, не губи себя!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't do (that), Tajmuraz, don't ruin
                yourself!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ sær <oRef>safyn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хочу загубить себя (<q>свою голову</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I want to ruin myself (<q>my head</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ardygæj dæ sær <oRef>fesaf</oRef>, dæ koj mæm
              mak˳ycæj q˳ysa</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пропади отсюда, чтобы и слуха твоего до меня не
                доходило</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go away from here, don't let me ever hear a
                word from you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 237</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cy x˳ycaw, cy zæd dæ, ma næ
                <oRef>fesaf</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">божество ты или ангел, не погуби нас!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">either you are god or angel, don't destroy
                us!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr mæn dær <oRef>safʒænī</oRef> æmæ smax
              dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь он и меня погубит, и вас</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now he will destroy me and you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyng... wazægæn jæ fællad
              <oRef>safy</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(накрытый) стол сводит на нет усталость
                гостя</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a (laid) table nullifies a tiredness of a
                guest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sybyrmæ jæ <oRef>fesæftoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его заслали в Сибирь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was exiled to Siberia</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dardmæ jæ ma <oRef>fesaf</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не засылай ее далеко</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't exile her far away</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>90</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rygæj dæxī kæm <oRef>fesæftaj</oRef>?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты так запылился?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you get so dusty?</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qæræmi xantæ næbæl <oRef>isafuni </oRef>fændæ
              iskodtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">крымские ханы задумали уничтожить нас</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Crimean Khans conceived to destroy us</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīnæ osæ zelun bajdædta, ci amalæj æj
                <oRef>fesafon</oRef>, zæggæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">коварная женщина стала строить козни, каким бы
                способом погубить его, говоря</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an insidious woman started to plot against him,
                saying: which way it could be possible to destroy him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>8₃</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz <oRef>fesafton</oRef> Ʒanʒiraqi eske
              ardud, eske lazæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я погубил Дзандзирак по чужому навету, по чужой
                вине</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I killed Dzandziraqi because of someone else's
                slander, by someone else's fault</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæn <oRef>isafis</oRef> mæ?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему ты меня губишь?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why are you destroying me?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nurtækkæ næ cæǧduj, <oRef>isafuj</oRef> næ,
              isavdi rawænmæ mæ ku ærbaxudtajtæ </quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сейчас он нас истребит, погубит нас, вы
                пригласили меня в гибельное место</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now he will exterminate, destroy us, you have
                invited me into the disastrous place</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max ʒurd ravardtan, næxe kæʒos ke darʒinan,
              kʼelatæ cʼifæj næ <oRef>isafʒinan</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы (школьники) дали слово, что будем содержать
                себя в чистоте, не будем пачкать парты</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we (schoolers) promised that we will keep
                ourselves cleen, won't dirty the desks</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vi-šāp-</w></mentioned> и сопоставляется с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>kṣ̌ap-</m>, <w>kṣ̌apayati</w>
            <gloss><q>губить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>уничтожать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сводить на
                нет</q></gloss></mentioned>. Мы имеем здесь один из тех случаев, когда
          древнеиндийскому <c>kş</c> отвечает в иранском <c>ş</c>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>kşudh- </m>‖<m>šud-</m>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sud</w></ref>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>ṛkṣa-</m> ‖
                <m>arsa-</m><gloss><q>медведь</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>dakṣina-</w>
            | <w>dašina-</w>
            <gloss><q>искусный</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>čakṣus-</w> ‖ <w>čašman-</w>
            <gloss><q>глаз</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>) и др. — Активному глаголу <oRef>safyn</oRef>
          соответствует медиальный <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæfyn"/>
          <gloss><q>пропадать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>гибнуть</q></gloss> с закономерным ослаблением
          гласного <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope> II 82</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">It is traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vi-šāp-</w></mentioned> and compared with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>kṣ̌ap-</m>, <w>kṣ̌apayati</w>
            <gloss><q>to destroy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to ruin</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
                nullify</q></gloss></mentioned>. We have here one of the cases where the Old Indic
            <c>kş</c> corresponds to Iranian <c>ş</c>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>kşudh- </m>‖<m>šud-</m>
            <gloss><q>a hunger</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sud</w></ref>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>ṛkṣa-</m> ‖ <m>arsa-</m><gloss><q>a
                bear</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>),
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>dakṣina-</w> | <w>dašina-</w>
            <gloss><q>skillful</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>čakṣus-</w> ‖ <w>čašman-</w>
            <gloss><q>an eye</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>) and others. — To the verb <oRef>safyn</oRef> in
          the active voice corresponds <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæfyn"/>
          <gloss><q>to ruin</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to destroy</q></gloss> in the middle voice with a
          regular vowel weakening <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope> II 82</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>