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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">stong</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_stong" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3115e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>stong</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)stong</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3115e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>голод</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hunger</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>голодный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>hungry</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>stong az</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голодный год</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lean year</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>stonǵy myn ū</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я голоден</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">I am
                  hungry</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">я хочу есть</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">I want to eat</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxormag"><w>æxxormag</w>
            <q>голодный</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1"><w>syd</w>
            <q>голод</q></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxormag"><w>æxxormag</w>
            <q>hungry</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1"><w>syd</w>
            <q>hunger</q></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>stongæj</oRef> mælyn, gycci</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умираю от голода, мама</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am starving, mother</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>stong</oRef> fosaw sæfys</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гибнешь, как голодный скот</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are dying like hungry cattle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>stong</oRef> æmæ fælladyl tyx x˳yssæg
              kæm næw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ведь сон (легко) одолевает голодного и
                усталого</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">after all, (sleep) easily overcomes the hungry
                and tired one</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>stong</oRef> az yskodta; xor nal ærzad;
              bæstæ baxūs īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выдался голодный год; хлеб не уродился; все
                высохло</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it turned out to be a lean year; bread did not
                grew up; everything dried up</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stong æmæ wazalæj bīræǧ dær tærsy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голода и холода даже волк боится</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even a wolf is afraid of hunger and cold</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sostæ se ʽxsæn <oRef>stong</oRef> bīræǧaw
              fæmīdæg īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Соста ворвался к ним, как голодный волк</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sosta broke in their place like a hungry
                wolf</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæjyg rajsom raǵy systad æmæ jæ ūsæn zaǧta:
                <oRef>stonǵy</oRef> myn ū!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великан рано утром встал и сказал жене: есть
                хочу!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the giant got up early in the morning and said
                to his wife: I want to eat!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æfsīn fændaggony jæ kastæj bazydta,
                <oRef>stong</oRef> kæj ū ūj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хозяйка по взгляду путника угадала, что он
                голоден</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hostess guessed from the look of the
                traveler that he was hungry</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 302</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sabitæ stonǵyjæ kæwync</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дети плачут от голода</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">children cry because of hunger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
              <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...æmæ dywwissæʒ bony æmæ dywwissæʒ æxsævy
              kom k˳y fædardta, wæd fæstagmæ <oRef>systong</oRef> īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...и постившись сорок дней и сорок ночей,
                напоследок взалкал</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...and when he had fasted forty days and forty
                nights, he was afterward an hungred</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 2</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cawæjnon xæssuj i donmæ i nad-nad je ʽstong,
              je ʽdonug, æ fællad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">охотник несет к реке по тропинке свой голод,
                свою жажду, свою усталость</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hunter carries his hunger, his thirst, his
                fatigue to the river along the path</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nadbæl <oRef>isæstong</oRef> dæn, æma min
              feværaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я проголодался в пути, и дай мне (поесть)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I got hungry on the way, and give me (food)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В одном буддийском согдийском тексте из собрания <name>Пельо</name>
          встречается слово <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><w type="rec">ᵃstānk</w>
            (<w>ʼstʼnk</w>) <gloss>как название какой-то болезни</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                <biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">35</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Известно, с другой стороны, что
          идеосемантика <q>голода</q> ведет нередко в сферу понятий <q>страдания</q>,
            <q>бедствия</q>, <q>болезни</q> и т. п.; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
            <w>λῖμός</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss> при <w>λοιμός</w>
            <gloss><q>чума</q>, <q>зараза</q>, <q>мор</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hunger</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>kankà</w>
            <gloss><q>мучение</q>, <q>страдание</q> и др.</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
                <biblScope>332</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Нет поэтому препятствий,
          чтобы сблизить <lang>ос.</lang>
          <oRef>stong</oRef> с <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>(a)stānk</w></mentioned>. В поисках этимологии осетино-согдийского слова со значением
            <q>голод</q>, <q>болезнь</q> мы приходим к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sten-</w>
            <gloss><q>стенать</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>stenati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>стенать</w>, <w>стонать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>stenéti</w> id.</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>στείνω</w>, <w>στένω</w>
            <gloss><q>стонать</q>, <q>вопить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>stöhnen</w></mentioned>. Восстанавливаемое
            <?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221109T215412+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">stānaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>голод</q>, <q>болезнь</q>,
          <q>мучение</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> следует, быть может, относить к
          ареальным схождениям северноиранских языков с европейскими. Менее вероятна, хотя и не
          исключена, связь с <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>stangùs</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q>, <q>тугой</q></gloss>, <w>stangà</w>
            <gloss><q>напряжение</q>, <q>усилие</q></gloss>,</mentioned>, без начального <c>s-</c>
          <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>tǫga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang>русск.</lang>
            <w>туга</w>
            <gloss><q>печаль</q>, <q>тоска</q>, <q>кручина</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                <biblScope>895—896</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В южноиранских языках для
            <q>голода</q> господствуют варианты <lang>иран.</lang>
          <w type="rec">vrsna-</w>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
              <biblScope>213</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
              <biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>)</note>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">In one Buddhist Sogdian text from the collection of
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230213T152204+0300" comment="надеюсь, это тот пельо..."?><name>Pelliot</name><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          there is a word <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><w type="rec">ᵃstānk</w> (<w>ʼstʼnk</w>)
            meaning <gloss>some illness</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                <biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">35</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is known, on the other hand, that
          the ideosemantics of <q>hunger</q> often leads to <q>suffer</q>, <q>disaster</q>,
            <q>illness</q> etc.; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>λῖμός</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q></gloss> while <w>λοιμός</w>
            <gloss><q>plague</q>, <q>infection</q>, <q>pestilence</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Hunger</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q></gloss></mentioned> while <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>kankà</w>
            <gloss><q>suffering</q>, <q>pain</q> etc.</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
                <biblScope>332</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Thus there is no obstacles to
          bring together <lang>Ossetic</lang>
          <oRef>stong</oRef> and <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>(a)stānk</w></mentioned>. In search of the etymology of the Ossetic-Sogdian word with
          the meaning <q>hunger</q>, <q>illness</q> we come to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sten-</w>
            <gloss><q>groan</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>stenati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>stenatʼ</w>, <w>stonatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>stenéti</w> id.</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>στείνω</w>, <w>στένω</w>
            <gloss><q>groan</q>, <q>yell</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>stöhnen</w></mentioned>. A reconstructed
            <?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221109T215412+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">stānaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>hunger</q>, <q>illness</q>,
          <q>suffering</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> should, perhaps, be attributed to
          the areal convergence of the Northern Iranian languages with European ones. Less likely,
          although not excluded, is the connection with <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>stangùs</w>
            <gloss><q>hard</q>, <q>tight</q></gloss>, <w>stangà</w>
            <gloss><q>tension</q>, <q>effort</q></gloss>,</mentioned>, with the initial <c>s-</c>
          <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>tǫga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>tuga</w>
            <gloss><q>sadness</q>, <q>grief</q>, <q>sorrow</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                <biblScope>895—896</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. There are variants of the
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">vrsna-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
                <biblScope>213</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
                <biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> for the <q>hunger</q> in South
          Iranian languages.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
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