<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyǧar</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zyǧar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3333e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyǧar</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zæǧar</orth><form type="variant"><orth>ʒæǧar</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3333e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>имеющий белое пятно на лбу</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>having a white spot on the forehead</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о животных)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (about animals)</note>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧar <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæx"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лошадь c белым пятном на лбу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">horse with a white spot on its forehead</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧar <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wænyg"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бычок c белой отметиной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bull with a white marking</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>ʒæǧarsær</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">also </note>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лысоголовый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bald-headed</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; отсюда <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyǧaræg"><w>zyǧaræg</w>
            <gloss><q>барсук</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; from where there is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyǧaræg"><w>zyǧaræg</w>
            <gloss><q>badger</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæmici <oRef>ʒæǧar</oRef> æfsorq æ axur turǧi
              ærlæwdtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">конь Хамица с белым пятном на лбу остановился в
                привычном для него дворе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæmic’s horse with a white spot on its forehead
                stopped in the familiar yard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gabic... sædsigon sagi fexsta; i sagæn æ
              tærnixi minkʼij <oRef>ʒæǧar</oRef> adtæj, æmæ rast æ tærnixi <oRef>ʒæǧari</oRef> fæcæj
              æ fat</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Габиц выстрелил в сторогого оленя; у оленя на
                лбу было маленькое белое пятно, и его пуля попала как раз в пятно на лбу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gabic shot a deer with a hundred horns; the
                deer had a small white spot on its forehead, and his bullet hit just the spot on its
                forehead</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>208</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xæguati <oRef>ʒæǧarsærtæn</oRef> dær feǧosun
              kænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">извести также лысоголовых Хагуаевых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let bald-headed Khæguaevs also know</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 123</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">В осетинском и в ряде других языков выделяется группа слов типа ČGR c
          вариациями со значением <q>отметина, выделяющаяся, бросающаяся в глаза примета, пятно,
            масть, цвет, окраска</q> (обычно у животных и человека). В осетинском, помимо
            <oRef>ʒyǧar</oRef>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cægær"><w>cægær</w>
            <gloss><q>плешь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æsgær"/> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfcæg"/>) <q>с белой полосой (на шее)</q> (обычно о медведе),
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒaǧyr"><w>ʒaǧyr</w>
            <gloss><q>выпученные глаза</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒanǧir" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>ʒanǧir</w>
            <gloss><q>бельмо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒaǧūl"><phr>ʒaǧūl
              kænyn</phr>
            <gloss><q>косо таращить (глаза)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyǧ0yr"><w>ʒyǧ˳yr</w>
            <gloss><q>пестрый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyqqyr"><w>zyqqyr</w>
            <gloss><q>щель</q></gloss></ref>. В кавказских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>saǧari</w>
            <gloss><q>лошадь с белым пятном на лбу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>čʼaǧara</w>
            <gloss><q>седой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼiǧaro</w>
            <gloss><q>животное с белой полосой на спине</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>c’ikara</w>
            <gloss><q>бурая масть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼigura</w>
            <gloss><q>пестрое животное</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>ǯugura</w>
            <gloss><q>человек с отрезанным носом или ухом</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>žǧali</w>
            <gloss><q>серый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бурый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>čxar</w>
            <gloss><q>бык с белой полосой на лбу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-čəǧra</w>
            <gloss><q>пятнистый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>čwagra</w>
            <gloss><q>конопатый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>žuǧar</w>, <w>žoǧara</w>
            <gloss><q>с крапинками</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>карий</q><note type="comment"> (о
                глазах)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>žuǧur</w>
            <gloss><q>сероглазый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>čuhʽara</w>
            <gloss><q>белое пятно на лбу у животных</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ежегодник"/>
                <biblScope>1975 II 193</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>ǯigəri</w>
            <gloss><q>оспина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="agx rut"><lang>цахур., рутул., агул.</lang>
            <w>ǯagwar</w>
            <gloss><q>белый</q></gloss></mentioned>. В тюркских: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>ǯuǧur</w>
            <gloss><q>пестрый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>рябой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><phr>čaǧar köz</phr>
            <gloss><q>пестрый глаз</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
                <biblScope>I 457</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>šokur</w>
            <gloss><q>пестрый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><phr>šokur at</phr>
            <gloss><q>пегая лошадь</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 1024</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>sakar</w>
            <gloss><q>белая полоса на лбу лошади</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 243</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>čegar</w>
            <gloss><q>рыжая лошадь</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1957</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>šaǧər</w>
            <gloss><q>имеющий серые глаза</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 939</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>čakir</w>
            <gloss><q>blue, blue-gray</q></gloss>, <note type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">prob. originally of the eyes</q></note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
                <biblScope>409</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>ǯaǧyl</w>
            <gloss><q>большое пятно, обыкновенно коричневого цвета, на лопатках или на шее у
                лошадей</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>čagǎr</w>
            <gloss><q>светло-голубой</q></gloss></mentioned>. В монгольских: <mentioned xml:lang="xal"><lang/>
            <w>ǯaǧal</w>
            <gloss><q>темные пятна на шее или на груди лошади</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ramstedt"/>
                <biblScope>463</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В некоторых других языках:
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>чагравый</w>, <w>чегравый</w>
            <gloss><q>темно-серый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бурый</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>,
                  <bibl><author>Фасмер</author></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>šaqara</w>
            <gloss><q>быть русым</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><w>asqar</w>
            <gloss><q>русый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>белокурый</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Шарбатов</author>. <title>Русско-араб. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 37,
                818</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
            <w>iškark</w>
            <gloss><q>желтый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(с вариацией третьего согласного)</note>
            <w>čʼaǧat’</w>
            <gloss><q>плешь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лысина</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слова одного
          семантического круга, имеющие сходный звукотип в самых разных, в том числе неродственных и
          несоседящих языках, наводят на мысль об идеофонической (звукосимволической) природе всей
          этой группы. — Скотоводческая, в частности коневодческая практика заостряла
          наблюдательность людей в отношении масти и других селективных признаков у животных. Отсюда
          богатство соответствующей терминологии в традиционно скотоводческих обществах. Повсюду
          встречаются, в частности, особые наименования для животных с белыми отметинами. В
            <lang>грузинском</lang>, например, помимо приведенных выше, отметим
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>nota</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>niša</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>nikʼora</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼiopi</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. еще <mentioned xml:lang="en-x-argt"><lang>англ.</lang>
            <note type="comment">(арго)</note>
            <w>ball</w>
            <gloss><q>лошадь с белым пятном на лбу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
              <w>blaze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>blassa</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>белое пятно</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><w>blas-ros</w>
            <gloss><q>horse with a white spot</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Klein</author>. <title>A comprehensive Etymological
                  Dictionary of the English Language, 1</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>стр. 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
            <w>blaar</w>
            <gloss><q>корова с белым пятном на лбу</q></gloss></mentioned>, откуда <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang>старофр.</lang>
            <w>blaire</w>, <w>blère</w>, <phr>vache blère</phr>
            <gloss><q>Kuh, deren Kopf weiss gefleckt ist</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
                <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <w>balʼaš</w>
            <gloss><q>лошадь или бык с белым пятном на лбу</q></gloss></mentioned>. Есть такой
          термин и в <lang>русском</lang>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><w>халзаный</w>
              <gloss>конь (сиб.) темной масти с белой лысиной</gloss></mentioned></q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
            <biblScope>II 305</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">In Ossetic and in a number of other languages, a group of words of the
          ČGR type is distinguished with the
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T122807+0300" comment="так ок? не совсем поняла куда относится &quot;с вариациями&quot;"?>variable<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          meaning <q>mark, eye-catching sign, spot, coat colour, coloring</q> (usually of animals
          and humans). In Ossetic, apart from <oRef>ʒyǧar</oRef>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cægær"><w>cægær</w>
            <gloss><q>bald patch</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æsgær"/> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfcæg"/>) <q>with a white stripe (on the neck)</q> (usually
          about a bear), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒaǧyr"><w>ʒaǧyr</w>
            <gloss><q>bulging eyes</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒanǧir" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>ʒanǧir</w>
            <gloss><q>wall-eye</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒaǧūl"><phr>ʒaǧūl
              kænyn</phr>
            <gloss><q>stare askance</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyǧ0yr"><w>ʒyǧ˳yr</w>
            <gloss><q>many coloured</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyqqyr"><w>zyqqyr</w>
            <gloss><q>gap</q></gloss></ref>. In Caucasian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>saǧari</w>
            <gloss><q>horse with a white spot on its forehead</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>čʼaǧara</w>
            <gloss><q>gray-haired</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼiǧaro</w>
            <gloss><q>animal with a white stripe on its back</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>c’ikara</w>
            <gloss><q>brown coat colour</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼigura</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T123131+0300" comment="???"?>motley<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                animal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>ǯugura</w>
            <gloss><q>person with a cut off nose or ear</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>žǧali</w>
            <gloss><q>gray</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brown</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>čxar</w>
            <gloss><q>bull with a white stripe on its forehead</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-čəǧra</w>
            <gloss><q>spotted</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>čwagra</w>
            <gloss><q>freckled</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>žuǧar</w>, <w>žoǧara</w>
            <gloss><q>with speckles</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brown</q><note type="comment"> (about
                eyes)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>žuǧur</w>
            <gloss><q>gray-eyed</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>čuhʽara</w>
            <gloss><q>white spot on the forehead of animals</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ежегодник"/>
                <biblScope>1975 II 193</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
            <w>ǯigəri</w>
            <gloss><q>pockmark</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tkr" extralang="agx rut"><lang>Tsakhur, Rutul, Aghul</lang>
            <w>ǯagwar</w>
            <gloss><q>white</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Turkic languages: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>ǯuǧur</w>
            <gloss><q>many coloured</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pockmarked</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><phr>čaǧar köz</phr>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T123347+0300" comment="?"?>mottled
                eye<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
                <biblScope>I 457</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>šokur</w>
            <gloss><q>motley</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><phr>šokur at</phr>
            <gloss><q>piebald horse</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 1024</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>sakar</w>
            <gloss><q>white stripe on the horse’s forehead</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 243</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>čegar</w>
            <gloss><q>chestnut horse</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>III 1957</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>šaǧər</w>
            <gloss><q>having gray eyes</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>IV 939</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>čakir</w>
            <gloss><q>blue, blue-gray</q></gloss>, <note type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">prob. originally of the eyes</q></note>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
                <biblScope>409</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>ǯaǧyl</w>
            <gloss><q>large spot, usually brown, on the shoulder blades or on the neck of
              horses</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
            <w>čagǎr</w>
            <gloss><q>light blue</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Mongolian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="xal"><lang/>
            <w>ǯaǧal</w>
            <gloss><q>dark spots on the horse’s neck or chest</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ramstedt"/>
                <biblScope>463</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In some other languages:
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>čagravyj</w>, <w>čegravyj</w>
            <gloss><q>dark grey</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brown</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>,
                  <bibl><author>Vasmer</author></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>šaqara</w>
            <gloss><q>be fair-haired</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><w>asqar</w>
            <gloss><q>fair-haired</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blond</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Šarbatov</author>. <title>Russko-arabskij slovarʹ
                  [Russian-Arabic Dictionary]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p. 37, 818</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/>
            <w>iškark</w>
            <gloss><q>yellow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(with a variation of the third consonant)</note>
            <w>čʼaǧat’</w>
            <gloss><q>bald patch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bald head</q></gloss></mentioned>. Words of
          the same semantic circle, having a similar sound type in a variety of languages, including
          unrelated and non-neighbouring languages, suggest the ideophonic (sound-symbolic) nature
          of this whole group. — Cattle breeding, in particular horse breeding practice sharpened
          people’s observation of the coat colour and other selective traits in animals. Hence the
          wealth of relevant terminology in traditionally pastoral societies. Everywhere there are,
          in particular, special names for animals with white marks. In <lang>Georgian</lang>, for
          example, in addition to the abovementioned words, we note <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>nota</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>niša</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>nikʼora</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼiopi</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="en-x-argt"><lang>English</lang>
            <note type="comment">(slang)</note>
            <w>ball</w>
            <gloss><q>horse with a white spot on its forehead</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
              <w>blaze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
              <w>blassa</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>white spot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><w>blas-ros</w>
            <gloss><q>horse with a white spot</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Klein</author>. <title>A comprehensive Etymological
                  Dictionary of the English Language, 1</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>p. 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
            <w>blaar</w>
            <gloss><q>cow with a white spot on her forehead</q></gloss></mentioned>, from where
            <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
            <w>blaire</w>, <w>blère</w>, <phr>vache blère</phr>
            <gloss><q>Kuh, deren Kopf weiss gefleckt ist</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
                <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <w>balʼaš</w>
            <gloss><q>a horse or a bull with a white spot on its forehead</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          There is such a term in <lang>Russian</lang> as well: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><w>xalzanyj</w>
              <gloss>horse
                (<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T124227+0300" comment="??"?>Siberian<?oxy_comment_end ?>)
                of dark coat colour with a white bald head</gloss></mentioned></q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
            <biblScope>II 305</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>