<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyǧ˳ymmæ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zyǧ0ymmæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1686e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæ</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>usqummæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1686e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>наизнанку</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>inside out</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>навыворот</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>inside outwards</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>превратно</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>wrongly</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>искаженно</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>distortedly</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>задом наперед</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>backwards</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstmæ"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; antonym <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstmæ"/></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæʒīnad</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неправильные, превратные действия</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wrong actions</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>кривда</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>falsehood</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæ kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выворачивать наизнанку</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn inside out</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>извращать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>distort</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ kærc <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> ʽskodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он надел свою шубу наизнанку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he put on his fur coat inside out</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmty ardydta
              <oRef>zyg˳ymmæʒīnadyl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он подстрекал людей на кривду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he incited people to lie</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 114</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg xærægyl ysbadtī
              <oRef>zyǧ˳mmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сел на осла задом наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmag sat on a donkey backwards</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū jæ bæxy cæfxædtæ <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>
              nyssaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша прибил подковы своему коню задом
                наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a young man nailed the horseshoes of his horse
                backwards</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>132–134</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rasug æj æma næbal ævzaruj ræstmæ æma
                <oRef>usqummæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он пьян и уже не различает правду и кривду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he is drunk and no longer distinguishes between
                truth and falsehood</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
              <biblScope>1959, № 43<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Направ. падеж от <w>uz-ǧun</w>, восходящего к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-gauna-</w>, <note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref>. Приставка <m>uz-</m> означала, с одной стороны,
          направление <q>снизу вверх</q>, c другой — <q>вне</q>, <q>наружу</q>; ср., например,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>uz-dahyu-</w>
            <gloss><q>направленный наружу из страны</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. также
          соответствующую <lang>русскую</lang> приставку <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><m>вз-</m></mentioned> в таких словах как <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взъерошенный</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взлохмаченный</w></mentioned> и т. п. Отмечены случаи употребления формы
            <oRef>dyzǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> вместо <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærægyl dyzǧ˳ymmæ ʽsbad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. В связи с этим возникает альтернатива: не восходит ли <oRef>zyǧ˳ym(mæ)</oRef>
          к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dužgauna-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дурношерстный</q></gloss></mentioned> с утратой
          начального <c>d-</c>, как в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>žəkar</w>
            <gloss><q>злодей</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">duzkara-</w></mentioned>
              (сообщение <name>В. А. Лившица</name>)</note></mentioned>? — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Незакономерное</q> соответствие и. <c>ǧ</c> — д. <c>q</c>
          — как в некоторых других случаях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælǧīvyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ælǧīvyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ælqevun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zǧær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zǧær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsqær</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>378</biblScope></bibl>). — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yntʼyz"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The allative case of <w>uz-ǧun</w>, which goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-gauna-</w>, <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref>. The prefix <m>uz-</m> meant, on the one hand, the
          direction <q>from bottom to top</q>, on the other hand, – <q>outside</q>, <q>outward</q>;
          cf., for example, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>uz-dahyu-</w>
            <gloss><q>directed outward from the country</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. also the
          corresponding <lang>Russian</lang> prefix <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><m>vz-</m></mentioned>
          in such words as <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzʺerošennyj</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzloxmačennyj</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>dishevelled</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. There have been cases of using the
          form <oRef>dyzǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> instead of <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærægyl dyzǧ˳ymmæ ʽsbad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sit on the donkey backwards</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>. In this regard, an alternative arises: does not the <oRef>zyǧ˳ym(mæ)</oRef> go
          back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dužgauna-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T104624+0300" comment="дурношерстный"?>with
                bad hair<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned> with the loss of the initial
            <c>d-</c>, as in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>žəkar</w>
            <gloss><q>villain</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">duzkara-</w></mentioned> (<name>V. A. Livšic</name>, p. c.)</note></mentioned>? —
          The <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">irregular</q> correspondence between Iron <c>ǧ</c>
          and Digor <c>q</c> is as in some other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælǧīvyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ælǧīvyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ælqevun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zǧær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zǧær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsqær</w></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>378</biblScope></bibl>). — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yntʼyz"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
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