<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zæmbyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zæmbyn" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3033e66" type="lemma"><orth>zæmbyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>zæmbyd</orth></form></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3033e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>зевать</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>yawn</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom_1">kom</ref>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ivazyn"/></phr>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_berinʒun"/> id</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom_1">kom</ref>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ivazyn"/></phr>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_berinʒun"/> id</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tætærqan... aǵīx,
              <oRef>nyzzæmbydta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Татаркан уставился неподвижно, зевнул</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tatarkan stared motionless, (and) yawned</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ fynæjæ rajqal, aqazzag
                <oRef>nyzzæmbydta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он проснулся ото сна, крепко зевнул</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he woke up from sleep, yawned hard</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1957 III 22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ x˳yssæny <oRef>nyzzæmbydta</oRef>,
              nywulæfyd Xosʒaw, jæ sær ma wyd wæzzaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в своей постели зевнул, вздохнул Хосдзау,
                голова у него была еще тяжелая</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xosdzau yawned in his bed, sighed, his head was
                still heavy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyxas adarǧ, æmæ qūsǵytæ <oRef>zæmbyn</oRef>
              bajdydtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">речь затянулась, и слушатели начали зевать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the speech dragged on and the listeners started
                yawning</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Как <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>зевать</w></mentioned> связано с <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>зев</w></mentioned>, так
          глагол <oRef>zæmbyn</oRef> имеет базу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zamba-</w> co значением <gloss><q>зев</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>пасть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>челюсть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>зуб</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>кусать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>крошить</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
              <w>zāmbə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
              <w>zāmbai</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>zāma</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>челюсть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zōmbo</w>
            <gloss><q>челюсть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>десна</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><w>zomum</w>, <w>zomaim</w></mentioned>,
              <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>vi-zomb-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>zumbuy</w> : <w>zomboyd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>зевать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSS"/>
                <biblScope>1974 XXXII 24–25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>zambag</w>
            <gloss><q>бой</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хватание</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">схватка</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zamb-</w>
            <gloss><q>крошить</q></gloss></mentioned>, без носового <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zafan-</w>, <w>zafar-</w>
            <gloss><q>пасть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambha-</w>
            <gloss><q>зуб</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>клык</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰambh-</w>, <w>ǰambhate</w>
            <gloss><q>хватать зубами</q></gloss></mentioned>, сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambhā-</w>
            <gloss><q>судорожное сведение челюстных мышц</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>тетания</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dūrgom</w></mentioned>).<note type="footnote">С семантической стороны существенно,
            что зевота тоже носит иногда спазматический характер. Отсюда становится понятным и
            этимологическое тождество ос. <oRef>zæmbyn</oRef> и <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>зябнуть</w></mentioned>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зябнуть</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">цепенеть</q>.</note> О <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambh-</w></mentioned> см.: <bibl>Johanna <author>Narten</author>. <title>Ai.
              jambha-</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LXXIX 255–264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Das altindische Verb in der
              Sprachwissenschaft</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Die Sprache</title></bibl>
            <biblScope>1968 XIV 130–131</biblScope></bibl>. — За пределами индоиранского: <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang>праслав.</lang>
            <w type="rec">zombu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>ząb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>зуб</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>žam̃bas</w>
            <gloss><q>острый предмет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>comb</w>
            <gloss><q>гребень для волос</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зубатый</q>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <w>kam</w>, <w>keme</w>
            <gloss><q>зуб</q></gloss></mentioned>, может быть <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>camel</w>
            <gloss><q>жевать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
                <biblScope>29, 74, 105</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>γόμφος</w>
            <gloss><q>зубец</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шип</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>гвоздь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>γαμφαί</w>,
              <w>γαμφηλαί</w>
            <gloss><q>челюсти</q><note type="comment"> (у животных)</note></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>клюв</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <w>dhemb</w>
            <gloss><q>зуб</q></gloss></mentioned>. Индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵembh-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>369</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же, несомненно, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæmby" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>ʒæmby</w>
            <gloss><q>лапа</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>393</biblScope></bibl>). Связующее значение — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хватательный орган</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пасть</q> — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лапа</q>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 82</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Narten</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LXXIX 261</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1932, стр. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
            <biblScope>346, 223</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Like <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>zevatʹ</w></mentioned> is related to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>zev</w></mentioned>,
          the verb <oRef>zæmbyn</oRef> has the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zamba-</w> with the meaning
                <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T221039+0300" comment="зев"?>pharynx<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>jaw</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>bite</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>grab</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>crumble</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
              <w>zāmbə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
              <w>zāmbai</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>zāma</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>челюсть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>zōmbo</w>
            <gloss><q>jaw</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>gum</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><w>zomum</w>, <w>zomaim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>vi-zomb-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>zumbuy</w> : <w>zomboyd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>yawn</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSS"/>
                <biblScope>1974 XXXII 24–25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>zambag</w>
            <gloss><q>battle</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grasping</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">fight</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zamb-</w>
            <gloss><q>crumble</q></gloss></mentioned>, without nasal <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zafan-</w>, <w>zafar-</w>
            <gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambha-</w>
            <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fang</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰambh-</w>, <w>ǰambhate</w>
            <gloss><q>grab with one’s teeth</q></gloss></mentioned>, see here also <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambhā-</w>
            <gloss><q>convulsive contraction of the jaw muscles</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>tetany</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dūrgom</w></mentioned>).<note type="footnote">From the semantic side, it is
            significant that yawning also sometimes has a spasmodic character. From this, the
            etymological identity between Ossetic <oRef>zæmbyn</oRef> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>zjabnutʹ</w>
              <gloss><q>suffer from cold </q></gloss></mentioned> becomes clear: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">suffer from cold </q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">become numb</q>.</note> About <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>ǰambh-</w></mentioned> see: <bibl>Johanna <author>Narten</author>. <title>Ai.
              jambha-</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LXXIX 255–264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Das altindische Verb in der
              Sprachwissenschaft</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Die Sprache</title></bibl>
            <biblScope>1968 XIV 130–131</biblScope></bibl>. — Beyond Indo-Iranian:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T221530+0300" comment="так?"?>Proto<?oxy_comment_end ?>-Slavic</lang>
              <w type="rec">zombu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
              <w>ząb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>zub</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>žam̃bas</w>
            <gloss><q>sharp object</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>comb</w>
            <gloss><q>hair comb</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with
            teeth</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
            <w>kam</w>, <w>keme</w>
            <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss></mentioned>, maybe <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>camel</w>
            <gloss><q>chew</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
                <biblScope>29, 74, 105</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>γόμφος</w>
            <gloss><q>prong</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>nail</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>γαμφαί</w>,
              <w>γαμφηλαί</w>
            <gloss><q>jaws</q><note type="comment"> (of animals)</note></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>beak</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
            <w>dhemb</w>
            <gloss><q>tooth</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Indo-European base <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T221718+0300" comment="?"?>is<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ǵembh-</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>369</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. See here also, undoubtedly,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒæmby" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>ʒæmby</w>
            <gloss><q>paw</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>393</biblScope></bibl>). The connecting meaning is <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grasping organ</q> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">mouth</q> — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">paw</q>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 82</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
            <biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Narten</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
            <biblScope>LXXIX 261</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1932, стр. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
            <biblScope>346, 223</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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