<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_ærzæ" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3517e66" type="lemma"><orth>ærzæ</orth><form xml:id="form_d3517e68" type="variant"><orth>ærʒæ</orth></form></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3517e71"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>несметное число</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>infinite</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3517e81">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e83">
                        <quote>sædæ sædæ æmæ ærzæ sædæ<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (говорится
                                о необъятном множестве)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
                                (of vast number)</note></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>сто раз сто и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ærzæ</hi> раз сто</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>take hundred hundred times and take hundred <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ærzæ</hi> times</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e103">
                        <quote>Nartæ æržæ æmæ sædæ wydysty</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Нартов было тысяча и сто</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there were a thousand and hundred of the Narts</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            29</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e122">
                        <quote>kæd raskʼærat sædæ sædæ sædsiwættæ, æržæ sædæ īwsiwættæ…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>если вы пригоните сто раз сто сторогих (быков), тысячу раз сто
                                однорогих…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>if you bring hundred of hundred-horned bulls hundred times,
                                one-horned bulls thousand times…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            50</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e141">
                        <quote>sædæ sædæ æmæ ærzæ sædæ nyččagta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он истребил сто раз сто и тысячу раз сто</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he destroyed a hundred times hundred and a thousand times hundred</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            22</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3517e160">
                        <quote>Æxsærtæggati æfsædtæ ærzæ æma ærzæ mini æncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>войска Ахсартаговых составляют тысячу и тысячу тысяч</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Æxsærtæggats’ army containes thousand people and thousand people
                                thousand times</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II 45,
                                183%l124%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e314" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e182" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*hazahra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>тысяча</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e322" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e190" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>hazār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e327" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e195" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
                        <w>azār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e332" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e200" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*zār(z’r)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e205" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>ysāra(-*zāra)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e343" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e211" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>*azar</w></mentioned><bibl/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e349" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>haza<hi rendition="#rend_bold">rə</hi>ra-</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e354" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e222" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sahasra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>тысяча</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из персидского, частью, может
                    быть, из аланского (отсутствие начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi>),
                    слово усвоено в ряд кавказских языков: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e230" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>azar</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e235" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
                        <w>āzar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e373" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e241" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
                        <w>aǧzur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e378" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e246" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
                        <w>ǧazur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e383" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e251" xml:lang="tab"><w>āzur</w></mentioned>; ср.
                    также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e386" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e254" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>azari</w>
                        <gloss><q>сотня зверей, убитых охотником</q></gloss></mentioned>
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">(пшав.)</hi> azari („он сделал 3 азара“ = „убил 300
                    зверей“) (<bibl><author>Важа Пшавела.</author><biblScope>Этногр. сочинения,
                            1937, стр. 153</biblScope></bibl> ). Звуковая история <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e398" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e266" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ærzæ</w></mentioned>. Ударение на первом слоге в *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi>- повлекло редукцию, а затем
                    исчезновение второго гласного; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> исчезло, как
                    обычно (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æncæ</w>
                        <note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hanti</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>]; образовавшаяся в результате группа -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zr</hi>- неизбежно подверглась метатезе -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">rz</hi>-. - Мы имеем, стало быть: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">аz%rа%rrа</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>.
                    Ср. вполне аналогичную картину в развитии <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e408" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e276" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>kasyapa</w></mentioned>→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e413" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e281" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>xæfs(æ)</w>
                        <gloss><q>лягушка</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e421" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e289" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ezēr</w></mentioned> (~ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ezre</hi>) ‘тысяча’,
                    если оно не унаследовано от древнейших сношений угро-финнов с арийцами (см.:
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>Arier u
                            Ugro-finnen</biblScope></bibl>), могло быть усвоено из аланского. В
                    последнем случае мы получаем terminus ante quem nоn для вышеописанных звуковых
                    изменений (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>): эти изменения должны были произойти
                    после осетино-венгерского соседства, т. е. после VII—VIII в. В то время как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi> удержалось только в эпосе в значении
                    неопределенного множества, для ‘тысячи’ осетинский (вместе с кабардинским)
                    усвоил <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e431" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e299" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>mīn</w></mentioned> q.
                            v.%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi,</author><biblScope>Magyar Nyelvor, 1933,
                            стр. 68, 89 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22, 168, 252
                    прим.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e182" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e314" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w>*hazahra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>; compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e190" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e322" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>hazār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e195" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e327" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
                        <w>azār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e200" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e332" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*zār(z’r)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e205" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e337" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>ysāra(-*zāra)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e211" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e343" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>*azar</w></mentioned><bibl/>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e217" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e349" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>haza<hi rendition="#rend_bold">rə</hi>ra-</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e222" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e354" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>sahasra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>thousand</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word was brought in a number
                    of Caucaus languages through Persian and maybe partly from Alan (the lack of the
                    initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi>): <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e230" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e362" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
                        <w>azar</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e235" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e367" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
                        <w>āzar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e241" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e373" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
                        <w>aǧzur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e246" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e378" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
                        <w>ǧazur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e251" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e383" xml:lang="tab"><w>āzur</w></mentioned>; see
                    also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e386" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-pshav"><lang/>
                        <w>azari</w>
                        <gloss><q>a hundred animals killed by the hunter</q></gloss></mentioned>
                    ("he made 3 azars“ = "he killed 300 animals")
                            (<bibl><author>Vazha-Pshavela</author>. <title>Ètnografičeskie
                            sočinenija</title> [Ethnographic Works], <date>1937</date>,
                            <biblScope>p. 153</biblScope></bibl> ). The phonetic history of
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e266" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e398" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ærzæ</w></mentioned> is clear. The stress on the first syllable in *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi>- entailed the reduction and then the
                    loss of the second vowel; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> has been lost,
                    like always [compare <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æncæ</w>
                        <note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hanti</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_max"/>]; the group -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zr</hi>-
                    which has appeared as a result of these processes underwent metathesis -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">rz</hi>-. Hence, we have: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">házahra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azᵃra</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>.
                    Compare quite similar development in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e276" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e408" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>kasyapa</w></mentioned>→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e281" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e413" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>xæfs(æ)</w>
                        <gloss><q>frog</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e289" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e421" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>ezēr</w></mentioned> (~ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ezre</hi>)
                    ‘thousand’, if it was not inherited from ancient contacts of Finno-ugrians with
                    the Indo-Iranians (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>Arier u Ugro-finnen</biblScope></bibl>), could have been
                    borrowed from Alan. In the latter case we have <hi rendition="#rend_italic">terminus ante quem non</hi> for the sound changes decribed above (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">azara</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi>): these changes had to happen after Ossetic-Hungarian neighbourhood,
                    this means after VII—VIII c. While <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærzæ</hi> is now
                    retained only in the epics in the meaning of indefinite multitude, Ossetic (and
                    Kabardian) has borrowed <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3517e299" xml:id="mentioned_d3517e431" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>mīn</w></mentioned> q. v. for
                            'thousand'%n<bibl><author>Munkácsi,</author><biblScope>Magyar Nyelvor,
                            1933, p. 68, 89ff.</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>22, 168, 252
                    fn.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
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