<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
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    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_ard" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T213720+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d3017e66" type="lemma"><orth>ard</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3017e69">
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>клятва</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>vow</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                </sense>
                <formGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                    <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в
                        дигорском также </note>
                    <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment" xml:lang="en">in Digor
                        also </note>
                    <form xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="dialectal" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><orth>art</orth></form>
                </formGrp>
                <re xml:id="re_d3017e79">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3017e81" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>ard</oRef>
                        xæryn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3017e84">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>клясться</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>to swear</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3017e97">
                            <quote>Nart sæ Acamongæjæ <oRef>xordtoj ard</oRef></quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>Нарты клялись своей (чашей) Ацамонга</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>The Narts swore by their (cup) Atsamongæ</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                                <biblScope>III 11</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3017e116">
                            <quote>calynmæ myn… syǵytæj <oRef>ard baxæraj</oRef>, walynmæ dyl næ
                                bawwændʒynæn</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>пока ты мне не поклянешься землей, я тебе не поверю</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>until you swear by the earth, I will not believe you</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                                <biblScope>I 148</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3017e135">
                            <quote>ūj ta rajdydta <oRef>ard xæryn</oRef> æmæ somy kænyn: næ zonyn
                                acy læǵy</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>он же начал клясться и божиться: не знаю человека сего</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>but he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this
                                    man</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
                                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">14</hi>
                                71</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
                            <quote>ūsīmæ <oRef>ard ḱī xæry</oRef>, ūj ūsy x˳yzæn ū</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>кто связывает себя клятвой с женщиной, тот (сам) подобен
                                    женщине</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>whoever binds himself with a vow to a woman, he (himself) is like
                                    a woman</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                                <biblScope>83—84</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                        <abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3017e193">
                            <quote><oRef>ard dyn xæryn</oRef> acy zæxxæj, somy dyn kænyn bærzond
                                cʼæx arvæj</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>клянусь тебе этой землей, клянусь тебе высоким синим небом</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>I swear to you by this land, I swear to you by the high blue
                                    sky</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                                <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3017e95">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3017e154">
                        <quote>Teǵia fydæǧdaw racyd ænæwwænk, <oRef>ænæard</oRef></quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Теджиа стал безнравственным, лишенным доверия, лишенным
                                    <oRef>ard</oRef>’a</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Tejia became immoral, deprived of trust, deprived of
                                <oRef>ard</oRef></q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
                            <biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3017e212">
                        <quote>ma <oRef>ard</oRef> myn ma fæsajyn kæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не заставь меня нарушить клятву</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>do not make me break my vow</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                            <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3017e231">
                        <quote><oRef>ard</oRef> dæ fædyl æftyd fæwæd!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>да преследует тебя <oRef>ard</oRef>!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>may <oRef>ard</oRef>
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T212132+0300" comment="преследовать?"?>haunt<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                                you!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>III 119</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3017e250" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>kizgaj, dæ <oRef>art</oRef>
                            <note type="comment">(sic!)</note> cæmæn sajis?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>девушка, почему ты нарушаешь свою клятву?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>girl, why are you breaking your vow?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                            <biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e534" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e275" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ṛta</w>, <w type="rec">arta-</w></mentioned>. Значение
                            <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss> не покрывает семантику этого слова, на что
                    указывает и наличие в осетинском других слов для <gloss><q>клятвы</q></gloss>:
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somy" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                        <w>somy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>wasxæ</w></ref>; в таких выражениях, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e546" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e287" xml:lang="os"><phr>X˳ycawy <oRef>ard</oRef></phr>
                        <gloss><q>Божий <oRef>ard</oRef></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e555" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e296" xml:lang="os"><phr>adæmy <oRef>ard</oRef></phr>
                        <gloss><q><oRef>ard</oRef> народа</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e561" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e302" xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>ard</oRef> dæ bajjafæd</phr>
                        <gloss><q><oRef>ard</oRef> тебя да настигнет</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e567" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e308" xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>ard</oRef> dæ fædyl æftyd fæwæd</phr>
                        <gloss><q><oRef>ard</oRef> тебя да преследует</q></gloss></mentioned> ,
                    <oRef/> понимается как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">магическая</q> сила.
                    Культовое происхождение слова подтверждается <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e573" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e314" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
                        <w>αρδ</w>
                        <gloss><q>бог</q></gloss></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>названии Феодосии</gloss>
                        <w>Ἀρδαβδα</w>
                        <gloss><q>(город) семи богов</q></gloss></mentioned>; значение
                            <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss> явилось, надо думать, результатом
                    постоянного употребления этого слова в формулах клятвы; ср. аналогичное
                    семантическое развитие адыгского <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e581" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e322" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>wašx̣wä</w></mentioned>, которое в убыхском является названием божества,
                    в кабардинском употребительно только в формулах клятвы, а в осетинском получило
                    значение <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ"/>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e589" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e330" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">art-</w></mentioned> в религиозных и календарных терминах
                        [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e594" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e335" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtʼw</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e600" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e341" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w type="rec">artavan-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e606" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e347" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtʼwxwšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e609" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e350" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtɣwšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e612" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e353" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtxwšt</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e615" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e356" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrt́ʼwʼspy</w></mentioned>], <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e619" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e360" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>arta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>божество Арта</q></gloss></mentioned>, а также в составе
                    собственного имени: <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Artaxšaθra-</w>
                            (<gloss>Артаксеркс</gloss>)</mentioned>,
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T210159+0300" comment="по идее тут надо давать реально засвидетельствованные формы…"?><w>Артаферн</w>,
                        <w>Артабан</w>, <w>Артаксата</w>, <w>Артавазд</w>,
                    <w>Артапат</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> и др.; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e627" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e368" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aṣ̌a-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">arta-</w></mentioned>)</note>
                        <gloss> — один из важнейших культовых терминов Авесты, олицетворение
                                <q>небесного света</q>, <q>благодати</q>, <q>правды</q> и
                            пр.</gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e632" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e373" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>ṛtá-</w>
                        <gloss><q>священный</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.; сюда же относят
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e640" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e381" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ard</w></mentioned> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e645" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e386" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ard-ar</w>
                        <gloss><q>правдивый</q></gloss>,
                        <gloss><q>справедливый</q></gloss></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e660" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e401" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>m-art-ali</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e665" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e406" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>erdumn</w>
                        <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e673" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e414" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">рота</w>
                        <gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><w>ṛta</w>, <w>arta-</w></mentioned> представляет, по
                        <name>Hertel</name>’ю, один из дериватов корня
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T211018+0300" comment="и.е.?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>небо-свет-огонь</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                        (<bibl>J. <author>Неrtеl</author>. <title>Beitr. z. Erklärung d. Awestas u.
                            d. Vedas</title>. <date>1929</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 20
                            сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Отмеченное в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e686" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e428" xml:lang="syd-x-south"><lang>южносамоедских наречиях</lang>
                        <w>ārda</w>
                        <gloss><q>верно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>правда</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><author>Donner</author>.
                                    <title>Kamassisches Wörterbuch</title>,
                            <date>1944</date></bibl>; <bibl><author>Joki</author>. <title>Die
                                    Lehnwörter des Sajansamojedischen</title>, <date>1952</date>,
                                    <biblScope>s.v.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
                    представляет, возможно, старое заимствование из иранского. Глагол
                            <gloss><q>присягать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>клясться</q></gloss>
                    выражается в осетинском через <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e706" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e450" xml:lang="os"><phr>ard xæryn</phr>
                        <gloss>буквально <q>есть клятву</q></gloss></mentioned>, что связано с
                    реальными действиями при обряде присяги (поедается предмет, которым клянутся,
                    см. <bibl><title>СМОМПК</title>
                        <biblScope>VII, отд. 1</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/>
                        <biblScope>I 148</biblScope></bibl>: герой Батрадз клянется землей и тут же
                    бросает в рот горсть земли); ср. аналогичные выражения в других иранских языках:
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e725" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e468" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                            <phr>sougand xūrdan</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e730" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e473" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                            <phr>sōgind warag</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e735" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e478" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                            <phr>sont xarən</phr></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>клясться</q></gloss></mentioned>; тот же способ выражения — в
                    согдийском (<bibl><author>Salemann</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1907, стр. 544</biblScope></bibl>); ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdxord"><lang/>
                        <w>ærdxord</w>
                        <gloss><q>побратим</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdxæræn"><w>ærdxæræn</w>
                        <gloss><q>прославленный</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
                            <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">23 сл.</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <bibl><editor>Е. В. Ceadel</editor>.
                                <title>Literatures of the East</title></bibl>,
                            <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="ru">38, 71, 155, 195 сл.,
                    231</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e534" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">ṛta</w>, <w type="rec">arta-</w></mentioned>. The meaning
                            <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss> does not cover the full semantics of this
                    word; this is also indicated by the presence of other words for
                            <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss> in Ossetic: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somy" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
                        <w>somy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
                        <w>wasxæ</w></ref>; in such expressions as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e287" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e546" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <phr>X˳ycæwy <oRef>ard</oRef></phr>
                        <gloss><q>God's <oRef>ard</oRef></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e296" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e555" xml:lang="os"><phr>adæmy <oRef>ard</oRef></phr>
                        <gloss><q>people's <oRef>ard</oRef></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e302" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e561" xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>ard</oRef> dæ bajjafæd</phr>
                        <gloss><q>may <oRef>ard</oRef> reach you</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e308" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e567" xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>ard</oRef> dæ fædyl æftyd fæwæd</phr>
                        <gloss><q>may <oRef>ard</oRef> haunt you</q></gloss></mentioned> , <oRef/>
                    is understood as a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">magic</q> power. The
                    religious origin of the word is confirmed by <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e314" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e573" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
                        <w>αρδ</w>
                        <gloss><q>god</q></gloss></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>the name of Theodosia</gloss>
                        <w>Ἀρδαβδα</w>
                        <gloss><q>(city) of seven gods</q></gloss></mentioned>; the meaning
                            <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss> appeared, one is led to believe, as a result
                    of the constant use of this word in oath formulae; cf. the similar semantic
                    development of the Circassian
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T211721+0300" comment="should be technically common Circassian, not just Adyghe (= West Circassian)"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e322" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e581" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>wašx̣wä</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, which in Ubykh is the name of
                    a deity, in Kabardian it is used only in oath formulae, and in Ossetic it has
                    received the meaning <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ"/>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e589" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">art-</w></mentioned> in religious and calendar terms
                        [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e594" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtʼw</w>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e600" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                                <w type="rec">artavan-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e606" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtʼwxwšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e609" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtɣwšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e612" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrtxwšt</w></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e615" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼrt́ʼwʼspy</w></mentioned>], <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e360" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e619" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>arta-</w>
                        <gloss><q>the deity Arta</q></gloss></mentioned>, and also as a part of the
                    proper name: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>Artaxšaθra-</w>
                            (<gloss>Artaxerxes</gloss>)</mentioned>,
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T212747+0300" comment="this should ideally be replaced by actually attested forms (Greek and, if available, OP)"?><w>Artaphernes</w>,
                        <w>Artabanes</w>, <w>Artaxata</w>, <w>Artavasdes</w>,
                        <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T212731+0300" comment="this has a different etymology, but perhaps Artapates is also attested"?>Atropates<?oxy_comment_end ?></w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                    etc.; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e368" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e627" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aṣ̌a-</w>
                        <note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">arta-</w></mentioned>)</note> — <gloss>one of the most important
                            religious terms of the Avesta, the personification of <q>heavenly
                                light</q>, <q>grace</q>, <q>truth</q>, etc.</gloss></mentioned>:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e373" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e632" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>ṛtá-</w>
                        <gloss><q>holy</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.; sometimes <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e381" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e640" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>ard</w></mentioned> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e386" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e645" xml:lang="xcl"><w>ard-ar</w>
                        <gloss><q>faithful</q></gloss></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e401" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e660" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>m-art-ali</w>
                        <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e406" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e665" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <w>erdumn</w>
                        <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e414" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e673" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>rota</w>
                        <gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></mentioned> are also connected to this root;
                    according to <name>Неrtеl</name>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><w>ṛta</w>,
                            <w>arta-</w></mentioned> represents one of the derivates of the root
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231227T211018+0300" comment="Indo-European?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ar-</w>
                        <gloss><q>sky-light-fire</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                        (<bibl>J. <author>Неrtеl</author>. <title>Beitr. z. Erklärung d. Awestas u.
                            d. Vedas</title>. <date>1929</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 20
                            ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e428" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e686" xml:lang="syd-x-south"><w>ārda</w>
                        <gloss><q>right</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>truth</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl" xml:lang="en">(<bibl><author>Donner</author>
                                <title>Kamassisches Worterbuch</title>, <date>1944</date></bibl>;
                                    <bibl><author>Joki</author>. <title>Die Lehnwörter des
                                    Sajansamojedischen</title>, <date>1952</date>,
                                    <biblScope>s.v.</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned> attested
                    in <lang>South Samoyedic</lang> dialects perhaps represents an old borrowing
                    from Iranian. The verb <gloss><q>to swear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to make an
                            oath</q></gloss> is expressed in Ossetic by <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e450" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e706" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ard xæryn</w>
                        <gloss>literally <q>to eat vow</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is associated
                    with real actions during the ritual of the oath (the object that is sworn is
                    eaten, see <bibl><title>Sbornikˮ materìalovˮ dlja opisanìja městnostej i plemenˮ
                            Kavkaza</title> [Collection of materials for the description of areas
                        and tribes of the Caucasus] <biblScope xml:lang="en">VII, section
                            1</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/>
                        <biblScope>I 148</biblScope></bibl>: the hero Batradz swears by the earth
                    and immediately throws a handful of the earth into his mouth); cf. similar
                    expressions in other Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e468" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e725" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>sougand xūrdan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e473" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e730" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>sōgind warag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3017e478" xml:id="mentioned_d3017e735" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>sont xarən</w>
                        <gloss><q>swear</q></gloss></mentioned>; the same way to express this
                    meaning is found in Sogdian (<bibl><author>Salemann</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">1907, p. 544</biblScope></bibl>); cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdxord" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
                        <w>ærdxord</w>
                        <gloss><q>sworn brother</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdxæræn"><w>ærdxæræn</w>
                        <gloss><q>famed</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>.
                            <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
                        <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">23 ff.</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <bibl><editor>Е. В. Ceadel</editor>.
                                <title>Literatures of the East</title></bibl>,
                            <biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope xml:lang="en">38, 71, 155, 195 ff.,
                    231</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>