<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mīl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_mīl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5511e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>mīl</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d5511e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>mel</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e72" n="1"><sense xml:id="sense_d5511e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сажа</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>soot</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5511e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>черное пятно</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>black spot</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><re xml:id="re_d5511e93">
            <form xml:id="form_d5511e95" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>mīltæ</orth></form>
            <form xml:id="form_d5511e98" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>meltæ</orth></form>
            <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e101"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пробивающиеся усы у юноши</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">little mustache of a young man</q>
              </tr></sense>
          </re></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e114" n="2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>мишень</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>target</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d5511e125">
          <form xml:id="form_d5511e127" type="lemma"><orth>mīl æxsyn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e130"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стрелять в цель</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">shoot at the target</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d5511e143">
          <form xml:id="form_d5511e145" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>izær-mīltæ</orth></form>
          <form xml:id="form_d5511e148" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>izær-meltæ</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e151"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сумерки</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">twilight</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_d5511e164">
          <form xml:id="form_d5511e166" type="lemma"><orth>talyng
              <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220406T130724+0300" comment="Это слово является иронским вариантом, но стоит после дигорского варианта предыдущего слова. Пока неясно, как это технически реализовать" id="rs4_fzx_ztb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220627T145906+0300" parentID="rs4_fzx_ztb" comment="технически сделал это просто ещё одним ре с тем же переводом" flag="done" mid="1"?>mīltæ<?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e175"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сумерки</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">twilight</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5511e188" n="1">
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e190" n="1">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(k˳yrdæn) <oRef>mīlæj</oRef> sax˳yrstī jæ
              cæskom</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(у кузнеца) сажей вымазано лицо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(blacksmithʼs) face is smeared with soot</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1964 V 22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e215" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kosgutæ… cudæncæ ǧæwungti
                <oRef>sawmeloej</oRef>, saw cæsgænttæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рабочие шли по улицам черные от сажи, с черными
                лицами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">workers walked through the streets black with
                soot, with black faces</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>III 34</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e243">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>fæmīl</oRef> væjjync xæxtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(весной) на горах появляются черные пятна (=
                земля местами освобождается от снега)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(in spring) black spots appear on the mountains
                (= the ground is free of snow in places)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e267">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tuǧanyl yssæʒ azy acyd; rīxītyl
                <oRef>mīltæ</oRef> fæxæcyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тугану исполнилось двадцать лет; на верхней
                губе стали пробиваться черные пятна (усов)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tugan was twenty years old; black spots
                (mustache) began to break through on the upper lip</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e292" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gujman… isustur æj; <oRef>meltæ</oRef> ibæl
              es</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Гуйман вырос; у него (уже) пробиваются усы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Guyman grew up; his mustache is (already)
                breaking through</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1934 III-IV 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5511e321" n="2">
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e323" n="2">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæxædæg dæm bacæwʒynæn mīlmæ æmæ dæwæn mæxī
                <oRef>mīlmæ</oRef> æræværʒynæn, æmæ mæ fatæj fexs ærtæ xatty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я сам подойду к тебе в качестве мишени и
                поставлю себя мишенью тебе, и ты три раза пусти в меня стрелой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will approach you as a target myself and set
                myself as a target for you, and you shoot me with an arrow three times</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 49</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e348">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mīl</oRef> æmæ qæbaq ḱʼi fæcæf kæny, uj
              qælʒæg væjjy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто попадает в мишень и в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qabaq"><w>qabaq</w></ref>, тот бывает весел</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who hits the target and the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qabaq"><w>qabaq</w></ref>, he is happy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e378">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg… ærmīdargæjæ fælæwwyd jæ læppūjy
              nyxmæ <oRef>mīlmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урузмаг, держа (ружье) в руках (= без опоры),
                стал, целясь в лоб своего сына</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uruzmag, holding (a gun) in his hands (=
                without support), stood, aiming at his sonʼs forehead</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e402">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>mīlævzaræn</oRef> skænūt mæ
              rīwmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">устройте состязание в стрельбе в мою грудь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">organize a match in shooting at my chest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 71</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <re xml:id="re_d5511e427">
          <form xml:id="form_d5511e429" type="lemma"><orth><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220406T132928+0300" comment="Если сделать тэг re, получается тире перед словом, а все, что следует за ним, приходится делать как отдельную группу примеров"?>mīlʒæǧdæn<?oxy_comment_end ?></orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5511e435"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стрельба в цель</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">target shooting</q>
            </tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (в эпосе)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (in epic)</note></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5511e453">
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e455">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arvyl fæzyndīs izær <oRef>mīlty</oRef>
              stʼaly</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на небе появилась в сумерки звезда</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a star appeared in the sky at dusk</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>216</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e480" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">izær æ <oRef>meltæ</oRef> radardta, wæd ǧazt
              fæcæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">„(когда) смерклось, танцы прекратились</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">„(when) it got dark, the dancing stopped</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 29</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5511e508">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">talyng <oRef>mīlty</oRef> raxæččæ
              Suxtamæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда стало темнеть, он достиг Сухта</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when it began to get dark, he reached Sukht</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 159</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — Примеры на <ref type="xr" target="#entry_izærmīltæ"/>
          см. также: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>I 562</biblScope></bibl></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — For examples for <ref type="xr" target="#entry_izærmīltæ"/>, see also <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>I 562</biblScope></bibl></note>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Исходное значение — <q>чернота</q>, <q>черное пятно</q>. Восходит,
          возможно, к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e663" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e558" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">marya-</w></mentioned> (→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e667" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e562" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">mailya-</w></mentioned> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel</hi>) от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e675" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e570" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">mel-</w>
            <gloss><q>темный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и пр. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>720 сл.</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e698" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e588" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>mala-</w>
            <gloss><q>грязь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e706" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e596" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέλας</w>
            <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>темный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e717" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e607" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>melas</w>
            <gloss><q>синий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e725" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e615" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>melns</w>
            <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5511e623" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Mal</w>
            <gloss><q>пятно</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Хотя с звуковой и семантической стороны
          ничто не препятствует тому, чтобы считать ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mīl</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel</hi> исконным наследием, отсутствие иранских соответствий
          наводит на мысль, не могло ли это слово быть заимствованием из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e748" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e638" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέλας</w></mentioned> еще в скифскую эпоху. О следах этого слова во фракийском см.
              <bibl><author>Dеčеv</author> (<title>Charakteristik der thrakischen Sprache</title>.
              <pubPlace>София</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>), <biblScope>стр.
          183</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mylazon"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The initial meaning is <q>blackness</q>, <q>black spot</q>. Perhaps, it
          goes back to<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e558" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e663" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">marya-</w></mentioned> (→ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e562" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e667" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">mailya-</w></mentioned> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel</hi>) from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e570" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e675" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">mel-</w>
            <gloss><q>dark</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>black</q></gloss><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> etc. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>720
                  <?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220707T150857+0300" comment="Как &quot;сл.&quot; надо отображать в англ.?"?>f<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e588" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e698" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>mala-</w>
            <gloss><q>dirt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e596" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e706" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέλας</w>
            <gloss><q>black</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dark</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e607" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e717" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>melas</w>
            <gloss><q>blue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e615" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e725" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>melns</w>
            <gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5511e733" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Mal</w>
            <gloss><q>spot</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Although phonetically and semantically,
          nothing prevents us from considering the Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mīl</hi> |
            <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel</hi> to be original, the lack of Iranian
          correspondences suggests that this word could have been a loanword from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5511e638" xml:id="mentioned_d5511e748" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέλας</w></mentioned> back in the Scythian era. For traces of this word in Thracian,
          see <bibl><author>Dеčеv</author> (<title>Charakteristik der thrakischen Sprache</title>.
              <pubPlace>Sofia</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>), <biblScope>p. 183</biblScope></bibl>.
          — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mylazon"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>