<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læmæǧ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>. L–R. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1965</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">28</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_læmæǧ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2503e68" type="lemma"><orth>læmæǧ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2503e71"><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вялый</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>flabby</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e81"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>слабый</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>weak</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e90"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>мягкий</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>soft</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e99"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>податливый</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pliable</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e108"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>нежный</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tender</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e117"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>нестойкий</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>unstable</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2503e126"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>некрепкий</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>infirm</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2503e136">
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e138">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baræj dæm <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef>
              læwwydtæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я нарочно был к тебе мягок (податлив)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was deliberately soft (complaisant) with
                you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e163">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tærsyn, wæ <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef> wærag k˳y
              fætasa, ūmæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">боюсь, что ваши слабые колени подогнутся</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am afraid that your weak knees will bend
                down</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e188">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donlæqqīr, <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef> zæxx næ
              baūrædta æmæ a qæwy x˳ymtæn sæ fyldær ærdæg ralasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разжиженная водой, размягченная почва не
                устояла (сползла) и унесла большую часть пашен этого аула</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">diluted by water, softened earth did not
                withstand (slipped down) and carried away most of the arable land of this
                village</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e213" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ ǧostæ ærwaʒgæ <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">опустив вяло уши</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with its ears inertly lowered</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e240" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kolxozontæ næ zonuncæ
                <oRef>læmæǧʒīnadæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колхозники не знают вялости</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the kolkhoz men do not know flabbiness</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 8</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e268" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donxuz coqa <oRef>læmæǧtæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черкеска цвета воды (сидит) вяло (не
                плотно)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Circassian coat of water colour (fits)
                flabbily (loosely)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
              <biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e295" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oci kust cæwuj <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">та работа идет слабо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that work proceeds weakly</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>292<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2503e325" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kusti… es <oRef>læmæǧ</oRef> rawæntæ
              dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в работе имеются и слабые места</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the work there are also weak spots</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>193<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru"> Вс. <name>Миллер</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 99</biblScope></bibl>), допуская метатезу из <w type="rec">mælæǧ</w>,
          сопоставлял с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e598" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e370" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μαλακός</w>
            <gloss><q>мягкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>слабый</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>податливый</q></gloss></mentioned>. В этом случае можно думать только о
          заимствовании из греческого в скифскую или сарматскую эпоху, а не об исконном родстве:
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e612" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e384" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μαλακός</w></mentioned> относится к индоевропейской базе <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e618" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e390" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">mel-</m></mentioned>, которая отражена в осетинском как <m>mar-</m>, см.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læmaryn"/>. Более вероятно, что <oRef/> получилось из <w type="rec">næmæǧ</w> (диссимиляция носовых как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lamaz"/>
          из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_namaz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/> из <w type="rec">nasyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_malūsæg"/> из <w type="rec">manūsæg</w> и др.) и представляет производное от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e646" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e418" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">nam-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e654" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e426" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                <m type="rec">nem-</m></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>сгибаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>поддаваться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быть
                податливым, нестойким, некрепким</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e671" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e443" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>nam-</m>
            <gloss><q>сгибаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>поддаваться</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>уступать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e457"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e686" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e458" xml:lang="ae"><m>namra-</m>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e691" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e463" xml:lang="ae"><w>namra-vaxš</w>
                  <gloss><q>мягкоречивый</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e698" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e470" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>narm</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <w>namr</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e708" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e480" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
              <w>namr</w></mentioned><mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e484" xml:lang="zza">
              <gloss><q>мягкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нежный</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e720" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e492" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>namr</w>
            <gloss><q>слабый</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e736" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e508" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">nam-</m> (<m>nm-</m>) <gloss><q>соглашаться</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>поддаваться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e750" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e522" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>nam-</m>
            <gloss><q>сгибаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>уступать</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>поддаваться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e764" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e536" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>namra-</m>
            <gloss><q>податливый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>покорный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Стало
          быть, <oRef/> ← <m type="rec">nama-ga-</m>. Формант <m>-ga-</m> как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_warg"><w>warg</w>
            <gloss><q>ноша</q></gloss></ref> и нек. др. Менее вероятна ареальная связь с германскими
          словами: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e559"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e788" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e560" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>lami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e793" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e565" xml:lang="no" extralang="sv"><lang/>
              <w>laun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e798" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e570" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>lahm</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>вялый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>слабый</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>параличный</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en"> Ws. <name>Miller</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 99</biblScope></bibl>), allowing for metathesis from <w type="rec">mælæǧ</w>, compared this with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e370" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e598" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μαλακός</w>
            <gloss><q>soft</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>weak</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>pliant</q></gloss></mentioned>. In this case one may only suppose a borrowing
          from Greek during the Scythian or Sarmatian era, but not a direct relationship: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e384" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e612" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μαλακός</w></mentioned> belongs to the Indo-European base <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e390" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e618" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">mel-</m></mentioned>, which is reflected in Ossetic as <m>mar-</m>, see
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læmaryn"/>. It is more probably that <oRef/> developed
          from <w type="rec">næmæǧ</w> (dissimilation of nasals as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lamaz"/> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_namaz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lasyn"/> from <w type="rec">nasyn</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_malūsæg"/> from <w type="rec">manūsæg</w> etc.) and is derived from
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e418" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e646" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">nam-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e426" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e654" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
                <m type="rec">nem-</m></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>bend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>yield</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>be pliant, unstable,
                infirm</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e443" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e671" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>nam-</m>
            <gloss><q>bend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>yield</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>give
            in</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e685"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e458" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e686" xml:lang="ae"><m>namra-</m>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e463" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e691" xml:lang="ae"><w>namra-vaxš</w>
                  <gloss><q>soft-spoken</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e470" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e698" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>narm</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <w>namr</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e480" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e708" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
              <w>namr</w></mentioned><mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e712" xml:lang="zza">
              <gloss><q>soft</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tender</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e492" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e720" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>namr</w>
            <gloss><q>weak</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e508" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e736" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">nam-</m> (<m>nm-</m>) <gloss><q>agree</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>yield</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e522" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e750" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>nam-</m>
            <gloss><q>bend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>give in</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>yield</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e536" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e764" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>namra-</m>
            <gloss><q>pliant</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>obedient</q></gloss></mentioned>. Therefore,
          <oRef/> ← <m type="rec">nama-ga-</m>. The formative <m>-ga-</m> is as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_warg"><w>warg</w>
            <gloss><q>burden</q></gloss></ref> and certain other words. Less probable is an areal
          connection with Germanic words: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2503e787"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e560" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e788" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
              <w>lami</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e565" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e793" xml:lang="no" extralang="sv"><lang/>
              <w>laun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2503e570" xml:id="mentioned_d2503e798" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>lahm</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>flabby</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>weak</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>paralytic</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>