<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rūd</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_rūd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4923e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>rūd</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4923e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>rod</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4923e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d4923e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>толстая кишка</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>large intestine</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4923e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>колбаса</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>sausage</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼang"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>xæloræ</w>
            <gloss><q>кишка</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼang"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælūr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>xæloræ</w>
            <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <re xml:id="re_d4923e117">
          <form xml:id="form_d4923e119" type="lemma"><orth>ruddag</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4923e122"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарубленное мясо для колбасы</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">minced meat for sausage</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4923e135">
          <example xml:id="example_d4923e137">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æmbīsondy xorz fyn fedtam dyson: Mysyrbijy
              fyny argævstam, axæm <oRef>rūd</oRef> ʒy afældæxtam — ærtæ ivazny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на удивление хороший сон мы видели ночью: мы во
                сне зарезали Мысырби, такую колбасу из него вывернули — три сажени</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we had a surprisingly good dream at night: we
                slaughtered Mysirbi in a dream and turned
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220602T113429+0300" comment="?"?>him<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                into such a sausage — three fathoms long</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4923e166">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gal kæj wydī, ūj ʒy <oRef>rūdy</oRef> xaj dær
              nal fæcī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кому принадлежал бык, тому не досталось даже
                кусочка кишки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whoever owned the bull did not even get a piece
                of the gut</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Ӕмб."/>
              <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e526" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e194" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">rauta-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e200"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e533" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e201" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>rūda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e538" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e206" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>rōt</w>, <w>rōtik</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>потроха</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e551" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e219" xml:lang="gbz"><lang/>
            <w>rutow</w>
            <gloss><q>толстые кишки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e559" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e227" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>rōθ</w>, <w>rōt</w>, <w>rōtink</w>
            <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e239"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e572" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e240" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>ruwī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e577" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e245" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>rūī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e582" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e250" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>raud</w>, <w>rεwd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e589" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e257" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
              <w>rūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e594" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e262" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>rəd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e599" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e267" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>röčik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e605" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e273" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>ruta</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
                  <biblScope>316</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e618" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e286" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">rūf-</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>rwβ-</w>)</note></mentioned><gloss><q>брюхо</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
            <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>),<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e618" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e309" xml:lang="sog"><lang>Согд.</lang>
              <w type="rec">rūf-</w></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e647" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e315" xml:lang="ira"><w>ruθwan-</w></mentioned>? (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e650" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e318" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθwan-</w>
              <gloss><q>брюхо</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned>); <c>θw</c> →
              <c>f</c>, как в согдийском манихейском <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e665" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e333" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">энклит. местоимение 2-го лица ед. ч.</note>
              <w>-f</w></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e674" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e340" xml:lang="ira"><w>θwa</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
              <biblScope>§ 297</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e349"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e684" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e350" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>rruta-</w>, <w>rrūva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e650" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e357" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθwan-</w>, <w>uruθwar-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned>. За пределами иранского мира привлекают
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e367"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e702" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e368" xml:lang="sv-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>rudda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e707" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e373" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>rēada</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e712" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e378" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
              <w>read</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>сычуг</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Из иранского (аланского или персидского) идут
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e386"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e721" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e387" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e726" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e392" xml:lang="rut"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e731" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e397" xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e736" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e402" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
              <w>rad</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e741" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e407" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>rad</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>кишка</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl><author>Wikander</author>
              (<title>Vayu</title>. <pubPlace>Uppsala—Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 56–57</biblScope>)</bibl> полагает, что созвучие в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e762" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e428" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">rauta-</w>
            <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e533" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e439" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <w>rūda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e538" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e444" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                <w>rōt</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e784" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e450" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rauta-</w><gloss><q>река</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e792" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e458" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <w>rōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e538" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e463" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                <w>rōt</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> не случайно; связующим является <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">представление о чем-то, текущем извилинами</q>. В
          качестве семантической параллели <bibl><author>Wikander</author></bibl> приводит
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e812" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e475" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>guda-</w>
            <gloss><q>кишки</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e820" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e483" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Guδa-</w>
            <gloss>название реки</gloss></mentioned>. Приняв эти соображения, мы приходим к
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e828" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e491" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>srav-</w>: <w>sruta-</w>
            <gloss><q>течь</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><author>Stackelberg</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
            <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 310</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Studi linguistici in onore di Vittore
              Pisani</title>. <pubPlace>Brescia</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              92</biblScope></bibl> .</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e194" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e526" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">rauta-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e532"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e201" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e533" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>rūda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e206" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e538" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>rōt</w>, <w>rōtik</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>giblets</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e219" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e551" xml:lang="gbz"><lang/>
            <w>rutow</w>
            <gloss><q>large intestine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e227" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e559" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>rōθ</w>, <w>rōt</w>, <w>rōtink</w>
            <gloss><q>instestine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e571"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e240" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e572" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>ruwī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e245" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e577" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>rūī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e582" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>raud</w>, <w>rεwd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e589" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
              <w>rūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e262" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e594" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>rəd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e267" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e599" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>röčik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e605" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>ruta</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
                  <biblScope>316</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e286" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e618" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">rūf-</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>rwβ-</w>)</note></mentioned><gloss><q>abdomen</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/>
            <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>),<note type="footnote"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e286" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e641" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">rūf-</w></mentioned> is from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e315" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e647" xml:lang="ira"><w>ruθwan-</w></mentioned>? (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e318" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e650" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθwan-</w>
              <gloss><q>abdomen</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned>); <c>θw</c>
            → <c>f</c>, as in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e333" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e665" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">enclitic 2sg pronoun</note>
              <w>-f</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e340" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e674" xml:lang="ira"><w>θwa</w></mentioned>
                (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
              <biblScope>§ 297</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
          <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e683"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e350" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e684" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>rruta-</w>, <w>rrūva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e318" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e691" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>uruθwan-</w>, <w>uruθwar-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned>. Outside the Iranian languages, the
          following words attract attention: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e701"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e368" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e702" xml:lang="sv-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>rudda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e373" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e707" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
              <w>rēada</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e378" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e712" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
              <w>read</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>abomasum</q></gloss></mentioned>. — From Iranian (Alan or Persian) there are
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4923e720"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e387" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e721" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e392" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e726" xml:lang="rut"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e397" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e731" xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
              <w>rud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e402" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e736" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
              <w>rad</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e407" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e741" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
              <w>rad</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <bibl><author>Wikander</author>
              (<title>Vayu</title>. <pubPlace>Uppsala—Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 56–57</biblScope>)</bibl> believes that the consonance in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e428" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e762" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">rauta-</w>
            <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e201" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e773" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <w>rūda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e206" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e778" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                <w>rōt</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e450" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e784" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rauta-</w><gloss><q>river</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e458" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e792" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                <w>rōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e206" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e797" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                <w>rōt</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> not accidental; the binding is <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the idea of something flowing in
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220602T114306+0300" comment="?"?>convolutions<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>.
          As a semantic parallel <bibl><author>Wikander</author></bibl> gives <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e475" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e812" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>guda-</w>
            <gloss><q>intestine</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e483" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e820" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Guδa-</w>
            <gloss>river name</gloss></mentioned>. With these considerations in mind, we arrive at
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4923e491" xml:id="mentioned_d4923e828" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>srav-</w>: <w>sruta-</w>
            <gloss><q>flow</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><author>Stackelberg</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
            <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 310</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Studi linguistici in onore di Vittore
              Pisani</title>. <pubPlace>Brescia</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>p.
              92</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>