<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaliag</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zaliag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5055e66" type="lemma"><orth>zaliag</orth></form>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в сочетании </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T133907+0300" comment="так же?"?>collocation<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>zaliag (zariag, zalmiag) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">залийский
                  змей</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T134006+0300" comment="??"?>Zali<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                  serpent</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в фольклоре (главным образом сказочном) </note>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in folklore (mainly fairy tales) </note>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">змей-дракон</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dragon serpent</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Он владеет водными источниками и преграждает доступ к
          ним людей, требуя, чтобы ему периодически (раз в год или каждый месяц) приносили в жертву
          девушек, пока не является герой, который убивает змея. Широко распространенный
          мифологический и сказочный образ (см.: <bibl><title>Мифы народов мира, т. I</title>,
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1980</date>, <biblScope>стр. 468–471, статья <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Змей</q></biblScope></bibl>). Хорошо известен в
          иранской мифологии, начиная с авестийского трехголового дракона <foreign>Ажи
            Дахака</foreign>, которого убивает герой Трайтауна (см.:
              <bibl><author>Christensen</author>. <title>Essai sur la démonologie iranienne</title>.
              <pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope>стр. 33
            sq</biblScope></bibl>.). Типологически близки к oc. <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104409+0300" comment="что делать?" id="dyq_rz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192302+0300" parentID="dyq_rz4_1yb" comment="видимо, ничего…" mid="3"?><w>вешапи</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>вишап</w></mentioned> (владение водными источниками, жертвоприношение девушек). В
          роли героя-змееборца выступает у грузин обычно Амирани, у армян — Вахагн (← иран.
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104458+0300" comment="здесь без цита или как?" id="qbp_sz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192319+0300" parentID="qbp_sz4_1yb" comment="мда, странно…" mid="5"?>Вртрагна<?oxy_comment_end mid="5"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>)
              (<bibl><title>Мифы народов мира, т. I</title>, <biblScope>стр. 235,
            237</biblScope></bibl>). Со временем змееборческая функция была перенесена на
          христианского святого Георгия. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. He owns water sources and blocks people’s access to
          them, demanding that girls be sacrificed to him periodically (once a year or every month),
          until a hero appears who kills the snake. Widespread mythological and fairy-tale image
          (see: <bibl><title>Mify narodov mira, t. I [Myths of the peoples of the world, vol.
              I]</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1980</date>, <biblScope>p. 468–471,
              entry <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Zmej</q></biblScope></bibl>). Well known in
          Iranian mythology, starting with the Avestan three-headed dragon <foreign>Aži
            Daxak</foreign>, who is killed by the hero
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T134417+0300" comment="я его просто транслитерировала..."?>Trajtauna<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          (see: <bibl><author>Christensen</author>. <title>Essai sur la démonologie
              iranienne</title>. <pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope>p.
              33 sq</biblScope></bibl>.). Typologically close to Ossetic <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef>
          are <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104409+0300" comment="что делать?" id="dyq_rz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192302+0300" parentID="dyq_rz4_1yb" comment="видимо, ничего…" mid="8"?><w>vešapi</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="8"?></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>višap</w></mentioned> (possession of water sources, sacrifice of girls). In the role
          of a hero-serpent fighter, Amirani usually acts among Georgians, and Vahagn among
          Armenians (← Iranian
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104458+0300" comment="здесь без цита или как?" id="qbp_sz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192319+0300" parentID="qbp_sz4_1yb" comment="мда, странно…" mid="10"?>Vrtragna<?oxy_comment_end mid="10"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>)
              (<bibl><title>Mify narodov mira, t. I [Myths of the peoples of the world, vol.
              I]</title>, <biblScope>p. 235, 237</biblScope></bibl>). Over time, the snake-fighting
          function was transferred to the Christian Saint George. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū kʼūlæj kard ratydta æmæ
                <oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmy ʽskʼ˳yxtæ kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша сорвал со стены шашку и искрошил
                залийского змея</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man tore off a saber from the wall
                and crushed the Zali snake</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 211</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævdsæron ūrs wæjyg æmæ <oRef>zariag</oRef>
              kalmy arǧaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сказка о семиголовом белом великане и зарийском
                змее</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tale of the seven-headed white giant and
                the serpent of Zaria</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ dony <oRef>zariag</oRef> kalm bady æmæ nyn
              ūj don xæssyn næ waʒy; aftæmæj ta jyn aly mæj dær ḱyzg qalon fīdæm, æmæ jæ baxæry
              ḱyzǵy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в нашей реке сидит зарийский змей, и он не дает
                нам брать воду; между тем мы платим ему каждый месяц дань — девушку, и он ее,
                девушку, съедает</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in our river sits a Zarian serpent, and he does
                not allow us to take water; meanwhile, we pay him tribute every month – a girl, and
                he eats her, the girl</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max fīdæm qalon <oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmæn
              aly az dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы платим дань залийскому змею каждый год</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we pay tribute to the Zali serpent every
                year</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>IV 135</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbawaǧta jæxī <oRef>zariag</oRef> kalm æmæ
              Amirany anyqq˳yrdta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">напустился (на них) зарийский змей и проглотил
                Амирана</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a Zariyan snake attacked (them) and swallowed
                Amiran</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw... <oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmy qæbysy
              zyndony artæj syǧdī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау в объятиях залийского змея сгорала (как) в
                адском пламени</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azau, in the arms of the Zali snake, burned
                (like) in a hellish flame</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">madæ... suvælloni ǧælæsi <oRef>zalmiag</oRef>
              xelagæ rawidta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мать увидела в горле у ребенка
                  <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T105454+0300" comment="почему только здесь внезапно такое выделение?" id="rby_tz4_1yb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192342+0300" parentID="rby_tz4_1yb" comment="не знаю…" flag="done" mid="12"?><oRef>залмийскую</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="12"?>
                змею</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mother saw a
                  <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T105454+0300" comment="почему только здесь внезапно такое выделение?" id="rby_tz4_1yb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192342+0300" parentID="rby_tz4_1yb" comment="не знаю…" flag="done" mid="14"?><oRef>Zalmian</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="14"?>
                snake in the child’s throat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Имея в виду, что суффикс <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>-ag</m></mentioned> указывает обычно на происхождение, <quote><bibl>Вс.
                <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
              <biblScope>I 126<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">87</hi></biblScope>)</bibl> высказал
            догадку, что <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>zariag</oRef> (зарийский)
              собственно имя, происходящее от какой-то местности</q></quote>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
            <gloss><q>грузинский</q></gloss></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asiag</w>
            <gloss><q>балкарский</q></gloss></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asy</w></ref> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 168<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">II 1</hi></biblScope></bibl>).
          Предполагаемый <name>Миллером</name> топоним (resp. этноним) должен был звучать, стало
          быть, <w type="rec">zary</w> (<w type="rec">zaly</w>). Однако ни на иранском, ни на
          кавказском горизонте ничего похожего не видно. Возможно иное толкование:
            <oRef>zaliag</oRef> из <w type="rec">zary-ag</w> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zār-</w>
            <gloss><q>ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. (с приставкой <m>ā-</m>) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azar"><w>āzar</w>
            <gloss><q>terror</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælazar"><w>wælazar</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
            <w>zari</w>
            <gloss><q>ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>zariani</w>
            <gloss><q>внушающий ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>. По
          <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192652+0300" comment="NB: интересная деривация"?>образованию<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæstiag</w>
            <gloss><q>предмет огорчения</q></gloss></mentioned> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mast"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fsærmiag</w>
            <gloss><q>предмет стыда</q></gloss></mentioned> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsærm"><w>fsærm</w></ref> и т. п. Стало быть, <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef> означало <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">наводящий ужас змей</q>. Переход <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>
          перед <c>i</c> закономерен; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
            <gloss><q>приятель</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">friyamana-</w></mentioned> и мн. др. — Мало вероятна связь с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zairik</w>
            <gloss>наименование <foreign>дэва</foreign></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1680</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Bearing in mind that the suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>-ag</m></mentioned> usually refers to the origin, <quote><bibl>Ws.
                <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 126<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">87</hi></biblScope>)</bibl> speculated
            that <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>zariag</oRef> (Zari) proper name originated
              from a locality</q></quote>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
            <gloss><q>Georgian</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asiag</w>
            <gloss><q>Balkar</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asy</w></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 168<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">II 1</hi></biblScope></bibl>). The
          toponym (resp. ethnonym) suggested by <name>Miller</name> thus should have sounded <w type="rec">zary</w> (<w type="rec">zaly</w>). However, nothing similar can be seen
          either on the Iranian or on the Caucasian
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T135109+0300" comment="??"?>horizon<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
          Another interpretation is possible: <oRef>zaliag</oRef> from <w type="rec">zary-ag</w>
          from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zār-</w>
            <gloss><q>horror</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. (with the prefix <m>ā-</m>) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azar"><w>āzar</w>
            <gloss><q>terror</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælazar"><w>wælazar</w>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <note type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
            <w>zari</w>
            <gloss><q>horror</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>zariani</w>
            <gloss><q>terrifying</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192652+0300" comment="NB: интересная деривация"?>Cf.
          s similar derivation pattern<?oxy_comment_end ?> in <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæstiag</w>
            <gloss><q>object of chagrin</q></gloss></mentioned> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mast"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fsærmiag</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T135240+0300" comment="прям object?"?>object<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                of shame</q></gloss></mentioned> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsærm"><w>fsærm</w></ref> etc. Thus, <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef> meant <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">terrifying snake</q>. The change <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>
          before <c>i</c> is regular; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
            <gloss><q>fellow man</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">friyamana-</w></mentioned> and many others. — Unlikely to be associated with
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zairik</w>
            <gloss>name of a <foreign>daeva</foreign></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
                <biblScope>1680</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>