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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">skʼ˳ynyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_skʼ0ynyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2884e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>skʼ˳ynyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>skʼ˳yd</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)skʼunun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>(æ)skʼud</orth></form></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2884e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>рвать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tear</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>разрывать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>rip</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>истреблять</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>exterminate</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>syskʼ˳ynyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">истребить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">destroy</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmūrazy warzonʒīnady ræxystæ
                <oRef>askʼ˳ynyn</oRef>, atonyn jæ bon næ wyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разорвать, расторгнуть цепи любви к Таймуразу
                она была не в силах</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she could not break the chains of love for
                Taimuraz</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">me ʽvsymær æmæ wæ xojy kæræʒījæ k˳y fæxīcæn
              kænaj, wæd dyn <oRef>æskʼ˳ynʒynæn</oRef> dæ kʼūbal</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ты разлучишь моего брата и вашу сестру, я
                перерву тебе шею</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">If you separate my brother and your sister, I
                will break your neck</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæn dæ cægær sær qwamæ būlkʼaw
                <oRef>syskʼ˳ynon</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твою плешивую голову я должен оторвать, как
                редьку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have to tear off your bald head like a
                radish</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>239</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dyson næ jæfs bæx jæ bændæn
                <oRef>askʼ˳ydta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вчера ночью наша кобыла порвала свою веревку
                (привязь)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">last night our mare broke her rope (leash)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ læg kæīmædær fæxyl, æmæ jyn jæ sær
                <oRef>askʼ˳ydtoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твой муж с кем-то подрался, и ему разбили
                голову</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your husband got into a fight with someone, and
                his head was smashed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 301</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æfson syn wyd Kobety myggag
                <oRef>bynyskʼ˳yd</oRef> yskænyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у них был повод истребить в конец род
                Кобеевых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they had a reason to exterminate the Kobeyev
                family</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw,... ūj qæbūlty dy
                <oRef>syskʼ˳yn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Боже, ... истреби его детей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God, ... destroy his children</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 273</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wardta æxsævæ
              <oRef>ænæskʼungæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ночью дождь лил непрерывно</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it rained continuously at night</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
              <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>skunoti</w>, <w>skunāti</w>
            <gloss><q>роется</q>, <q>разгребает</q></gloss>, <w>ā-sku-noti</w>
            <gloss><q>дробит на куски</q></gloss>, <w>ni-ṣkāvam</w>
            <gloss><q>разрывая в клочья</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>skutara-</w>
            <gloss>эпитет злого духа Ахримана</gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">истребитель</q></gloss>?)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>sku-</w>, <w>skau-</w> : <w>skuta-</w>
            <gloss><q>трогать</q>, <q>осязать</q></gloss>, <w>bu-ṣkuta</w>
            <gloss><q>разрыв</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>skōyəl</w>
            <gloss><q>скрести</q>, <q>чесать</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">[но <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"><name>Morgenstierne</name> (EVP </ref>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope>)</bibl> возводит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skābaya-</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>skusti</w>
            <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <w>skùtas</w>
            <gloss><q>рвань</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Назальная основа <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>skun-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><oRef>skʼ˳unun</oRef></note>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> противостоит безназальной <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>sku-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0yjyn"><w>skʼ˳ujun</w></ref></note>
            <gloss><q>рваться</q></gloss></mentioned> как переходная (каузативная)—медиальной; такое
          же отношение имеем в паре <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyiyn</w>
            <q>истощаться</q></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsynyn"><w>xsynyn</w>
            <q>глодать</q></ref>. Здесь осетинский сохраняет весьма древнюю черту; использование
          назальных основ в переходном (каузативном) значении в корреляции с безназальными в
          медиальном значении (<bibl><author>Kuiper</author>. <title>Die ig. Nasalpräsentia. Ein
              Versuch zu einer morphologischen Analyse</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
              <date>1937</date></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Герценберг</author>. <title>Язык
              хотаносакских буддийских памятников</title>.
            <?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221013T163156+0300" comment="это куда девать?"?>Автореф. дисс.<?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <pubPlace>Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>стр. 15</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 255, 368</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">It is unseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>skunoti</w>, <w>skunāti</w>
            <gloss><q>digs</q>, <q>shovels</q></gloss>, <w>ā-sku-noti</w>
            <gloss><q>crushes into pieces</q></gloss>, <w>ni-ṣkāvam</w>
            <gloss><q>tearing to shreds</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>skutara-</w>
            <gloss>the epithet of the evil spirit Ahriman</gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">exterminator</q></gloss>?)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>sku-</w>, <w>skau-</w> : <w>skuta-</w>
            <gloss><q>touch</q>, <q>feel</q></gloss>, <w>bu-ṣkuta</w>
            <gloss><q>gap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>skōyəl</w>
            <gloss><q>scrub</q>, <q>scratch</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">[but <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"><name>Morgenstierne</name> (EVP </ref>
                <biblScope>67</biblScope>)</bibl> traces it back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skābaya-</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>skusti</w>
            <gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss>, <w>skùtas</w>
            <gloss><q>rags</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
          <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230202T101042+0300" comment="????"?>nasal stem<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>skun-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><oRef>skʼ˳unun</oRef></note>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is opposed to the stem <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>sku-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0yjyn"><w>skʼ˳ujun</w></ref></note>
            <gloss><q>become torn</q></gloss></mentioned> without nasal consonats, like as a
          transitive (causative) oposes medial; the same relation is found in the pair <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyiyn</w>
            <q>get thin</q></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsynyn"><w>xsynyn</w>
            <q>gnaw</q></ref>. Here Ossetic retains a very ancient feature; using the stems with
          nasal consonants in transitive (causative) meaning in correlation with non-nasal stems in
          the medial meaning (<bibl><author>Kuiper</author>. <title>Die ig. Nasalpräsentia. Ein
              Versuch zu einer morphologischen Analyse</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
              <date>1937</date></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
            <biblScope>III 152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Herzenberg</author>. <title>The language of Saka Buddhist
              monuments</title>. Dissertation abstract<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221013T163156+0300" comment="это куда девать?"?>.<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              <pubPlace>Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>p.
            15</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 255, 368</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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