<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læggad</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_læggad" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d291e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>læggad</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d291e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>læggadæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d291e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d291e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>услужение</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>servitude</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>прислуживание</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>attendance</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>услуга</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>service</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_læggad_kænyn">
          <form xml:id="form_d291e105" type="lemma"><orth>læggad kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d291e108"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прислуживать, служить кому-либо</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">attend to, serve smb.</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:id="re_læggadgænæg">
          <form xml:id="form_d291e123" type="lemma"><orth>læggadgænæg</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d291e126"><sense xml:id="sense_d291e127"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прислуживающий</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">attendant</q>
              </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e138"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>слуга</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>servant</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d291e150">
          <example xml:id="example_d291e152">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ‘znag dyn <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">balæggad kænæd</ref></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть враг твой послужит тебе</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let your enemy serve you</q>
            </tr>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">пожелание,
              которым благодарят за оказанную услугу</note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">a wish that is
              used as gratitude for a service rendered</note>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e178">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">būznyg, ne ‘fsīntæ, wæ
              <oRef>læggadæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">спасибо, наши хозяйки, за ваши услуги</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thank you, our ladies, for your service</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 304</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e202">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>læggædtæ</oRef> dyn cæmæj
              bafīdʒynæn?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чем я отплачу тебе за твои услуги?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with what can I repay you for your
                services?</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e222">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæm ḱynʒ kæm wyʒænīs, mænæn mæ fag <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">læggad</ref> ḱī <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">bakæna</ref>?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где будет такая невестка, которая могла бы мне
                достаточно услужить?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where will there be such a bride that could
                serve me enough?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e251">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dīssag wyd, ūj bærc sæ fysym k˳yd axxæstī
              ūjas ʒyllætyl xyncynæj, <oRef>læggadæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">удивительно, как у хозяина хватило (средств),
                чтобы угостить и обслужить такое множество народа</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it is a wonder how the master had enough
                (means) to entertain and serve such a multitude</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e276">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fæcī, næ dæ <oRef>læggad</oRef>
              wæǧdy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нет, не пропали даром твои услуги</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no, your services have not been in vain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e301">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arfæ kænyn we ‘ppætæn dær, abon mæ mæg˳yr
              myggagæn ḱī <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">balæggad kodta</ref></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">благодарю вас всех, кто сегодня послужил нашему
                бедному роду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I thank you all, who served our poor clan
                today</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e326">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældar… dywwæ ḱyzǵy bawyrædta jæxīcæn <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggadgænæg">læggadgænǵytæ</ref></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">алдар назначил двух девушек себе служанками</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the <foreign>ældar</foreign> appointed two
                girls to be his maids</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e353">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">utæppæt binontæn læggadgænæg wyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на всю семью он был слугою</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for all the family he was a servant</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d291e376" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iwazægæn læggadæ ǧæwuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гостю подобает услужение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">service befits a guest</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Производное от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
            <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss></ref> с помощью форманта отвлеченности <m xml:lang="os">-ad</m> и с удвоением конечного <c>-g</c>, как в ряде других случаев (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 1982</biblScope></bibl>). Образование по структуре и семантике совершенно
          аналогично <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e535" xml:id="mentioned_d291e416" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>hommage</w>
            <gloss><q>выполнение вассалом долга перед сюзереном</q>, <q>покорность</q>,
                <q>почтение</q>, <q>дань уважения</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e550" xml:id="mentioned_d291e431" xml:lang="fr"><w>homme</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e555" xml:id="mentioned_d291e436" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                <w>homo</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(cp.: <bibl><author><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pisani</hi></author>. <title>Etimologia</title>. <pubPlace>Milano</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>стр. 169 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
          Возможно, что слово <oRef/>, как и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e582" xml:id="mentioned_d291e463" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>hommage</w></mentioned>, восходит к феодальной эпохе и отражает старое значение слова
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
            <gloss><q>человек низшего сословия</q>, <q>раб</q></gloss></ref> , наличное в ряде
          кавказских языков (см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"/>). С упадком феодализма в
          Осетии значение <gloss><q>крестьянин</q>, <q>вассал</q></gloss> эволюционировало в сторону
              <gloss><q>человек</q>, <q>мужчина</q></gloss>, но чувствуется еще в <oRef/>. В пользу
          предлагаемого разъяснения говорит и то, что в дигорском в значении
            <gloss><q>услужение</q></gloss> употребляется (рядом с <oRef>læggadæ</oRef>) также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægʒīnad"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lægʒīnadæ</w></ref>, обычно
          означающее <gloss><q>мужество</q></gloss>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e623" xml:id="mentioned_d291e504" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr>lægʒīnadæ kænuncæ kæsægi ældærttæn</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">они прислуживают кабардинским
              князьям</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(из материалов Г. Кокиева)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Derivate from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
            <gloss><q>man</q></gloss></ref> using the abstract suffix <m xml:lang="os">-ad</m> and
          gemination of final <c>-g</c>, as in a number of other cases (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
            <biblScope>§ 1982</biblScope></bibl>). In its structure and meaning, the derivation is
          completely analogous to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e416" xml:id="mentioned_d291e535" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>hommage</w>
            <gloss><q>fulfilment of a vassal’s duty to his sovereign</q>, <q>submission</q>,
                <q>respect</q>, <q>homage</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e431" xml:id="mentioned_d291e550" xml:lang="fr"><w>homme</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e436" xml:id="mentioned_d291e555" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
                <w>homo</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <gloss><q>man</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(cf.: <bibl><author><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pisani</hi></author>. <title>Etimologia</title>. <pubPlace>Milano</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>pp. 169f.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
          The word <oRef/>, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e463" xml:id="mentioned_d291e582" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
            <w>hommage</w></mentioned>, may go back to the feudal era and reflect the older meaning
          of the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
            <gloss><q>man of lower social class</q>, <q>slave</q></gloss></ref>, found in a number
          of Caucasian languages (see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"/>). With the decline
          of feudalism in Ossetia, the meaning <gloss><q>peasant</q>, <q>vassal</q></gloss> evolved
          towards <gloss><q>person</q>, <q>man</q></gloss>, but is still felt in <oRef/>. Also in
          favour of the proposed explanation is the fact that in Digor, the meaning
              <gloss><q>service</q></gloss> is expressed (alongside <oRef>læggadæ</oRef>) by <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægʒīnad"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lægʒīnadæ</w></ref>, which
          normally means <gloss><q>courage</q></gloss>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e504" xml:id="mentioned_d291e623" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <phr>lægʒīnadæ kænuncæ kæsægi ældærttæn</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">they are serving the Kabardian
              princes</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(from the records of G. Kokiev)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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