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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sart</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_sart" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2158e66" type="lemma"><orth>sart</orth></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2158e69">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>долото</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>chisel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒagur"/></form>
          <sense>
            <def xml:lang="ru">id</def>
            <def xml:lang="en">id</def>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe rajdydta ḱyrynæj īsyn læǧzgænæntæ,
                <oRef>sartytæ</oRef>, ræs, ʒæbūg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бабе стал доставать из сундука рубанки, долота,
                напильник, молоток</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe started to get planers, chisels, a file
                and a hammer out from the chest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
              <biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ conǵy ’stægæj <oRef>sart</oRef> acaræzton,
              mæ særy faxsæj mysalǧ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из кости руки я сделал долото, из части черепа
                — колотушку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I made the chisel from the arm bone, the mallet
                I made from the part of the skull</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из сказки;
                </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from a fairy tale; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Названия орудий характеризовались в древнеиранском формантом <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-θra</m></mentioned>, др.инд. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>-tra-</m></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m>-tro-</m>,
            <m>-tlo-</m></mentioned> от глагольных корней (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II 1 340 — 346</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
            <biblScope>II 2 701 — 706</biblScope></bibl>). В осетинском <c>-θra</c> регулярно дает
            <c>-rt</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"/>
          <gloss><q>мера зерна</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">maθra</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"/>
          <gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vartaθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"/>
          <gloss><q>щит</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">varθura</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrt"/>
          <gloss><q>памятник</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">čiθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūsart"/>
          <gloss><q>заколотое согласно ритуалу животное</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaušaθra-</w></mentioned>). Ос. <oRef>sart</oRef> по
          своему образованию относится к этой группе и возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">saθra-</w></mentioned> от иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sā</m> (также <m type="rec">sya-ʔ</m>):
            <w>sāta-</w></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sḱei-</w>
            <gloss><q>срезать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обрезать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср.
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>sāy-</w>, <w>sātak</w>
            <gloss><q>стричь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sād</w>
            <gloss><q>гладкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>fra-sā-na-</w>
            <gloss><q>разрушение</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>pra-cchā-na-</w>
            <gloss><q>ранение</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>chzati</w>: <w>chāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>срезать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отрезать</q></gloss>, каузатив
            <w>chāyayati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mga"><lang/>
            <w>scīan</w>
            <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Древность слова <oRef>sart</oRef>
          поддерживается древностью реалий. Материалы археологических раскопок последних десятилетий
          показали высокий уровень ремесленного производства у скифов. Среди вещей, добытых, в
          частности, в Каменском городище на Днепре, встречаются пробойники и зубила разных размеров
          и профиля (<bibl><author>Граков</author>. <title>Каменское городище на Днепре</title>.
              <publisher>МИА</publisher>
            <biblScope>1954 XXXVI 123—125</biblScope></bibl>). Таким образом, <oRef>sart</oRef>
          стоит в ряду исконно иранских, скифских названий орудий, таких как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>
          <gloss><q>топор</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>
          <gloss><q>нож</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"/>
          <gloss><q>напильник</q></gloss> и др. — Из аланского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>čert</w>
            <gloss><q>орудие для тесания дерева</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Names of instruments had the formant <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-θra</m></mentioned> in Old Iranian, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>-tra-</m></mentioned> in Old Indian, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m>-tro-</m>,
              <m>-tlo-</m></mentioned> in Indo-European and were derived from verb roots (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II 1 340 — 346</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
            <biblScope>II 2 701 — 706</biblScope></bibl>). In Ossetic, <c>-θra</c> regularly
          corresponds to <c>-rt</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"/>
          <gloss><q>measure for grain</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">maθra</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"/>
          <gloss><q>massive wooden ring that is put on a spinning spindle</q></gloss> (from
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vartaθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"/>
          <gloss><q>shield</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">varθura</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrt"/>
          <gloss><q>monument</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">čiθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūsart"/>
          <gloss><q>animal slaughtered by ritual</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaušaθra-</w></mentioned>). Ossetic <oRef>sart</oRef>, according to its
          derivation, belongs to this group and is traced regularly to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">saθra-</w></mentioned>, from Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sā</m> (also <m type="rec">sya-ʔ</m>):
            <w>sāta-</w></mentioned>, Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sḱei-</w>
            <gloss><q>cut off</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trim</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>sāy-</w>, <w>sātak</w>
            <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sād</w>
            <gloss><q>smooth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>fra-sā-na-</w>
            <gloss><q>destruction</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>pra-cchā-na-</w>
            <gloss><q>wound</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>chzati</w>: <w>chāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>cut off</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, causative
            <w>chāyayati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mga"><lang/>
            <w>scīan</w>
            <gloss><q>knife</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The ancient origin of <oRef>sart</oRef> is
          supported by the antiquity of realities. The materials of the archeological excavation of
          recent decades have shown the high level of the Scythian handicraft production. Among the
          things founded, in particular, in Kamenskoe settlement on the Dnieper River, there are
          punches and chisels of various sizes and profile (<bibl><author>Grakov</author>.
              <title>Kamenskoe gorodišče na Dnepre</title> [Kamenskoe settlement on the Dnieper
              River]. <publisher>MIA</publisher>
            <biblScope>1954 XXXVI 123—125</biblScope></bibl>). So, <oRef>sart</oRef> is among
          originally Iranian, Scythian names of instruments, such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>
          <gloss><q>axe</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>
          <gloss><q>knife</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"/>
          <gloss><q>file</q></gloss> etc. — From Alanian is, probably, borrowed <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>čert</w>
            <gloss><q>instrument for adzing wood</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
            <biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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