<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆrvad</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7rvad" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d4183e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆrvad</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4183e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ærvadæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4183e72" n="1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>брат</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>brother</q>
          </abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в иронском в этом значении весьма
            редко</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Iron it is rarely used in this
            meaning</note></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4183e86" n="2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>родич</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>relative</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; мн. ч. <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ᵆrvadæltæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ærvad(d)æltæ</w>; все члены родового объединения, имеющие общего
          предка (реального или предполагаемого) и считающие себя <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">разделившимися от одного очага</q> (<phr>īw artæj bajwargæ</phr>), считаются друг другу
            <oRef>ᵆrvad</oRef>
          <q>братьями</q>; все члены рода матери называются <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"><w>mady</w></ref>-<oRef>rvad</oRef>
          <q>брат матери</q>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ævsymær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænsuvær</w>
            <gloss><q>брат (единоутробный)</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; plural <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ᵆrvadæltæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ærvad(d)æltæ</w>; all members of a
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T133503+0300" comment="?"?>clan
          union<?oxy_comment_end ?> who have a common ancestor (real or assumed) and
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T133555+0300" comment="повторение consider"?>consider<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          themselves <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">separated from one hearth</q> (<phr>īw artæj
            bajwargæ</phr>), are considered <oRef>ᵆrvad</oRef>
          <q>brothers</q>; all members of the mother’s family are called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"><w>mady</w></ref>-<oRef>rvad</oRef>
          <q>the mother’s brother</q>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ævsymær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænsuvær</w>
            <gloss><q>brother (half-brother
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T133704+0300" comment="ok?"?>by<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                mother)</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4183e177" n="1">
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e179" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ xestær ærvadi oj ku bazudtoncæ…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда два старших брата узнали об этом…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when the two older brothers found out about
                it…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e205" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz me <oRef>ʽrvaddæltæj</oRef> xwæzdær adtæn,
              æma mæmæ soʒæg kodtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я был лучше моих братьев, и они мне
                завидовали</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was better than my brothers, and they envied
                me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e233" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz dæn Tætærati avd <oRef>ærvadej</oRef>
              kæstær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я младший из семи братьев Татараевых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am the youngest of seven Tataraev
                brothers</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 24</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e261" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">me <oRef>ʽrvadistæn</oRef>, næ ʒæǧun
              mængæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">клянусь братом, я не говорю неправду</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I swear by my brother, I’m not telling a
                lie</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e289" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ægas ku adtajdæ me
              <oRef>ʽrvadæ</oRef>…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если бы был жив мой брат…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if my brother were alive…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e318" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, Naluq, wæ, me <oRef>ʽrvadæ</oRef>, ku
              niwwaǧtaj mæ ilivdæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о Налук, о мой брат, ты оставил меня
                несчастной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Oh Naluk, oh my brother, you have left me
                sad</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e346" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ra-næxstær æncæ… duwwadæs xwascawi
                <oRef>ærvaddæltæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отправились двенадцать братьев косарей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the twelve
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T133858+0300" comment="?"?>mowing<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                brothers set off</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e377" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adtæj avd <oRef>ærvadi</oRef>, avd
                <oRef>ærvademæn</oRef> ba madæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">было семь братьев, а у семи братьев — мать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were seven brothers, and seven brothers
                had a mother</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>15<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">7</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e410">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sīxor kænæ ʽxsævær ku kænaj, wæd ma ʽrbaxon
              ma dær dæ lymænty, ma dær de <oRef>ʽrvadælty</oRef>, ma dær dæ xæstæǵyty, ma dær
              qæzdyg syxægty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда делаешь обед или ужин, не зови друзей
                твоих, ни братьев твоих, ни родственников твоих, ни соседей богатых</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not
                thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">14</hi> 12</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4183e439" n="2">
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e441">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tamar… je <oRef>ʽrvadæltæj</oRef> ærtæ
              lægīmæ… Daǧystanmæ fæcyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тамара с тремя мужчинами из своих родичей
                отправилась в Дагестан</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tamara went to Daghestan with her three male
                relatives</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e466">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ sīʒær bazzad…, je
                <oRef>ʽrvadæltæ</oRef> jæ radgaj xastoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Садулла остался сиротой, его родичи кормили его
                по очереди</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadulla was left an orphan, his relatives fed
                him in turn</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e491">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærx˳ydta je <oRef>ʽrvadælty</oRef>, xorz sæ
              fedta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пригласил своих родичей, хорошо их угостил</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he invited his relatives and treated them
                well</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e516">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Maniʒæ īw bon jæ mady <oRef>ʽrvadæltæm</oRef>
              acyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Манидза однажды отправилась к родичам своей
                матери</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Manidza once went to her mother’s relatives</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4183e541">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱī dyn rajsʒæn dæ tūg? <oRef>ærvad</oRef> dyn
              k˳y næ īs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто отомстит за твою кровь? ведь у тебя нет
                родичей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who will avenge your blood? after all, you have
                no relatives</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейский термин родства. Осетинская форма <oRef>rvad-</oRef>
          представляет закономерную метатезу из
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T093730+0300" comment="поставила здесь в трех словах иран. но хз"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1027" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e567" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vrad-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1033" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e572" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brat-</w></mentioned> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"><w>arv</w>
            <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1043" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e583" xml:lang="ira"><w>abra-</w></mentioned> и
          т. п.). В надписи римского времени из Пантикапея засвидетельствовано сарматское имя
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1046" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e586" xml:lang="xsc"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T094544+0300" comment="написала скиф. но хз"?><w>Βραδακος</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
                <biblScope>II 266</biblScope></bibl>) ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1058" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e598" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātaka-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>; здесь еще нет метатезы <c>br-</c> →
            <c>rv</c>. Основа ед. ч. <oRef>rvad</oRef> восходит, очевидно, к старому имен. падежу
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1069" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e608" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātā</w></mentioned>, тогда как основа мн. ч.
            <oRef>rvadæl</oRef> — к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1075" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e615" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātar</w></mentioned>.
          Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1079" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e619" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>barādar</w>, <w>birādar</w>
            <gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4183e629"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1090" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e630" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>brāt</w>, <w>brātar</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>brāδar</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1102" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e642" xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
              <w>brād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1107" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e647" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>brāt</w>, <w>brās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1114" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e654" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>bəra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1119" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e659" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>wror</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1124" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e664" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
              <w>vᵊrōy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1130" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e670" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="x-rushani"><lang/>
              <w>virōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1135" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e675" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>vrōd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1144" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e683" xml:lang="srh"><w>vrador</w>
            <gloss><q>related as brothers</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
                <biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4183e697"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1159" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e698" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>vred</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1164" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e703" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>vurd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1169" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e708" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>vrud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1174" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e713" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>vrüt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1179" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e718" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>virāt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1184" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e723" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec ">βrāt</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>βrʼt</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1196" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e735" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>βrād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1201" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e740" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1206" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e745" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1211" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e750" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(имен. падеж <w>brātā</w>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1221" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e760" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>bhrātar-</w></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1226" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e765" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>bratъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1232" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e771" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>брат</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1237" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e776" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
              <w>brāti</w>, <w>brote</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1244" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e783" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
              <w>brolis</w>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из ласкательного <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1251" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e790" xml:lang="lt"><w>broterēlis</w>
                  <gloss><q>братец</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1257" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e796" xml:lang="lt-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>brotis</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                  <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1270" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e809" xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
              <w>pracar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1275" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e814" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
              <w>pracer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1281" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e820" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>broꝥar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1286" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e825" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Bruder</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1291" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e830" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
              <w>brāthir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1296" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e835" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>frāter</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1304" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e844" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>φράτηρ</w>
            <gloss><q>член фратрии, родового союза (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">братства</q>)</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в Афинах 30 родов, <w>γένή</w>, составляли одну
              фратрию, три фратрии — одну филу, <w>φυλή</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1323" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e863" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>ełbayr</w>
            <gloss><q>брат</q></gloss></mentioned>. Обращает на себя внимание, что ос.
            <oRef>rvad</oRef>, — совершенно так же, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1333" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e873" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>φράτηρ</w></mentioned>, — функционирует как термин не семейной, а родовой
          организации. <oRef>Арвады</oRef> составляют <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">широкий
            родственный коллектив, объединяющий иногда четыре-пять фамилий, ведущих свое
            происхождение от одного общего отдаленного предка. До настоящего времени внутри этой
            родственной группы во многих случаях господствует экзогамия. Если это родственное
            объединение живет более или менее компактно, то его члены оказывают друг другу помощь в
            таких важнейших событиях, как рождение, свадьба, похороны… В прошлом на арвадов нередко
            возлагалась даже обязанность кровной мести</q> (<bibl><author>Калоев</author>.
              <title>Осетины</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              166–167</biblScope></bibl>). Об этом же — доклад <bibl><author>Гаглоевой</author>
            <title><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T095327+0300" comment="сделала два title, не помню как надо…"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Рвадалта</q><?oxy_comment_end ?></title> (<title>Труды
              VII Междунар. конгресса антропол. и этногр. наук, т. 10</title>,
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр. 21—27</biblScope>)</bibl>.
          Аналогичным социальным образованием была в своем генезисе древнегреческая фратрия (cp.:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>II 401–402</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Hermann</author>.
              <title>Sachliches und Sprachliches zur indogermanischen Grossfamilie</title>.
              <pubPlace>Gottingen</pubPlace>, <date>1918</date></bibl>). По своему содержанию
          термины <oRef>ᵆrvad</oRef> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1406" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e929" xml:lang="grc"><w>φράτηρ</w></mentioned> восходят
          к так называемой <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">большой семье</q>, куда входили не
          только родные, но и двоюродные братья, троюродные и т. д. Появление специальных терминов
          для <emph>родного</emph> брата (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ævsymær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænsuvær</w></ref>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1425" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e946" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἀδελφός</w></mentioned>) — результат <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">процесса
            медленного и самопроизвольного зарождения индивидуальной семьи</q> (<bibl><author>М.
              Ковалевский</author>. <title>Современный обычай и древний закон, II</title>.
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1886</date>, <biblScope>стр. 307</biblScope></bibl>).
          Ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær" xml:lang="os"/> (из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/>) означает буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">единоутробный</q>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e1455" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e974" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἀδελφός</w></mentioned>; аналогичные образования в других языках см.:
              <bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>, <title>Bibliotheca Orientalis</title>
              (<pubPlace>Leiden</pubPlace>) <date>1961</date>
            <biblScope>XVIII 274, прим. 15</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 35, 49, III 81, 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>34, 41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>62–63</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T134154+0300" comment="?"?>common<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          Indo-European kinship term. The Ossetic form <oRef>rvad-</oRef> is a regular metathesis
          from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T093730+0300" comment="поставила здесь в трех словах иран. но хз"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e567" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1027" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vrad-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e572" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1033" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brat-</w></mentioned> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"><w>arv</w>
            <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e583" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1043" xml:lang="ira"><w>abra-</w></mentioned>
          etc.). A Roman-era inscription from Panticapaeum attests a Sarmatian name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e586" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1046" xml:lang="xsc"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T094544+0300" comment="написала скиф. но хз"?><w>Βραδακος</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
                <biblScope>II 266</biblScope></bibl>) ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e598" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1058" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātaka-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>; there is no metathesis <c>br-</c> →
            <c>rv</c> here yet. The stem of singular form <oRef>rvad</oRef> evidently traces back to
          the old nominative form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e608" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1069" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātā</w></mentioned>,
          while the stem of plural form <oRef>rvadæl</oRef> traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e615" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1075" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātar</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e619" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1079" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>barādar</w>, <w>birādar</w>
            <gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1089"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e630" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1090" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>brāt</w>, <w>brātar</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>brāδar</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e642" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1102" xml:lang="pal-x-pazend"><lang/>
              <w>brād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e647" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1107" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>brāt</w>, <w>brās</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e654" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1114" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <w>bəra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e659" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1119" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>wror</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e664" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1124" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
              <w>vᵊrōy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e670" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1130" xml:lang="sgh" extralang="x-rushani"><lang/>
              <w>virōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e675" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1135" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>vrōd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e683" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1144" xml:lang="srh"><w>vrador</w>
            <gloss><q>related as brothers</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
                <biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1158"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e698" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1159" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
              <w>vred</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e703" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1164" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>vurd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e708" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1169" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
              <w>vrud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e713" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1174" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>vrüt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e718" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1179" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <w>virāt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e723" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1184" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w type="rec ">βrāt</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>βrʼt</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e735" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1196" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>βrād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e740" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1201" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e745" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1206" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e750" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1211" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>brātar-</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(nominative <w>brātā</w>)</note></mentioned>,
              <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e760" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1221" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>bhrātar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e765" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1226" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>bratъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e771" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1232" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>brat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e776" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1237" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
              <w>brāti</w>, <w>brote</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e783" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1244" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
              <w>brolis</w>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the affectionate form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e790" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1251" xml:lang="lt"><w>broterēlis</w>
                  <gloss><q>little brother</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e796" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1257" xml:lang="lt-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>brotis</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
                  <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e809" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1270" xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
              <w>pracar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e814" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1275" xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
              <w>pracer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e820" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1281" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>broꝥar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e825" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1286" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Bruder</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e830" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1291" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
              <w>brāthir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e835" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1296" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>frāter</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e844" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1304" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>φράτηρ</w>
            <gloss><q>member of the phratry, the tribal union (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">fraternity</q>)</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in Athens, 30 genera, <w>γένή</w>, made up one
              phratry, three phratries made up one philae, <w>φυλή</w>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e863" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1323" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>ełbayr</w>
            <gloss><q>brother</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is noteworthy that Ossetic
            <oRef>rvad</oRef>, — just like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e873" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1333" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>φράτηρ</w></mentioned>, — functions as a term not of a family, but of a
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T134808+0300" comment="???"?>clan<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
          The <oRef>Ærvad</oRef>s make up <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">make up a broad
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T135023+0300" comment="?"?>kindred
            collective<?oxy_comment_end ?>, sometimes combining four or five families that originate
            from one common distant ancestor. To date, exogamy has prevailed in many cases within
            this
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T135015+0300" comment="?"?>related<?oxy_comment_end ?>
            group. If this
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T135058+0300" comment="???"?>related
            association<?oxy_comment_end ?> lives more or less compactly, then its members assist
            each other in such important events as birth, wedding, funeral… In the past, the arvads
            were often even charged with the duty of blood feud</q> (<bibl><author>Kaloev</author>.
              <title>The Ossetian</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1967</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 166–167</biblScope></bibl>). See also the talk of
              <bibl><author>Gagloeva</author>
            <title><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T095327+0300" comment="сделала два title, не помню как надо…"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Rvadalta</q><?oxy_comment_end ?></title> (<title>Trudy
              VII Meždunarodnogo kongressa antropologičeskix i etnografičeskix nauk, t. 10</title>
            [Proceedings of VII International Congress of Antropological and Ethnological Sciences,
            vol. 10], <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>p.
              21—27</biblScope>)</bibl>. The ancient Greek phratry was a similar social formation in
          its genesis (cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>II 401–402</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Hermann</author>.
              <title>Sachliches und Sprachliches zur indogermanischen Grossfamilie</title>.
              <pubPlace>Gottingen</pubPlace>, <date>1918</date></bibl>). By their meaning, the terms
            <oRef>ᵆrvad</oRef> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e929" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1406" xml:lang="grc"><w>φράτηρ</w></mentioned> go back to
          the so-called <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">big family</q>, which included not only
          relatives, but also cousins, second cousins, etc. The emergence of special terms for a
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220531T135449+0300" comment="?"?><emph>blood</emph><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          brother (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ævsymær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænsuvær</w></ref>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e946" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1425" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἀδελφός</w></mentioned>) — is a result of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the
            process of slow and spontaneous generation of an individual family</q> (<bibl><author>M.
              Kovalevsky</author>. <title>Sovremennyj obychaj i drevnij zakon</title> [Modern custom and ancient law], <biblScope>II</biblScope>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1886</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 307</biblScope></bibl>). Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsymær" xml:lang="os"/> (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/><ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/>) literally means <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">of a single
            womb</q>, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4183e974" xml:id="mentioned_d4183e1455" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ἀδελφός</w></mentioned>; see similar formations in other languages:
              <bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>, <title>Bibliotheca Orientalis</title>
              (<pubPlace>Leiden</pubPlace>) <date>1961</date>
            <biblScope>XVIII 274, fn. 15</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 35, 49, III 81, 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>34, 41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>62–63</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>