<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læværdton</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>. L–R. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1973</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">36</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_læværdton" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4763e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>læværdton</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4763e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>lævardton</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4763e74"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>я давал</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>I gave</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, супплетивное прош. время от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæddyn"><w>dæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, suppletive past of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæddyn"><w>dæddyn</w>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4763e101">
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e103">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæs mærty myn xoræj <oRef>læværdtoj</oRef>
              myzdæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">десять мер зерна мне давали в виде платы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ten measures of grain were given to me as
                payment</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e128">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælcconæn kærʒyn næ
              <oRef>læværdtoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">путнику они не давали хлеба</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to the voyager they didn’t give bread</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e152">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card amondæn syn <oRef>læværdta</oRef> jæ ūd
              dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ради счастья их жизни он отдавал даже свою
                душу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for the happiness of their life he even gave
                his own soul</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e177">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæxædæg cy xordta, ūj <oRef>læværdta</oRef>
              mænæ dær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что он сам ел, то давал и мне</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whatever he ate himself, he also gave it to
                me</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>138–140</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e202" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>lævardtoncæ</oRef> in ka æxca, ka
              mænæwæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давали ему кто деньги, кто пшеницу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">some people (lit. <q>who</q>) gave him money,
                some people (lit. <q>who</q>), wheat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e234">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bajrag wajtaǧd bajjæfta tærqūsy, fælæbūrdta
              jæm dændagæj æmæ jæ <oRef>‘slæværdta</oRef> barægmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жеребенок тотчас догнал зайца, схватил его
                зубами и подал всаднику</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the colt immediately caught up with the hare,
                snatched it with its teeth and gave up to the rider</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e259" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xucaw din æj kædmæ lævardta, wædmæ dæw
              adtæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пока Бог тебе его давал, он был твоим</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">while God gave
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220330T141209+0300" comment="&apos;he&apos; or &apos;it&apos;?"?>it<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                to you, it was yours</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>19<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4763e292" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qoǧancʼiæj… in ew nillævardta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плужной лопаткой он дал ему один (удар)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with the plow shovel he gave him one (blow)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1934 III–IV 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e554" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e321" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned>, сращение преверба <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e560" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e327" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-</m></mentioned> → <m>ræ-</m> → <m>læ</m>- с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4763e335"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e569" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e336" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">bar-</m></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e573" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e340" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <m type="rec">bher-</m></mentioned>) <gloss><q>нести</q> и пр.</gloss></mentioned> Ср.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e584" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e351" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>fra-bar-</m>
            <gloss><q>подносить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e595" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e362" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <m>fra-bar-</m></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e600" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e367" xml:lang="peo"><phr>Auramazdā xšas͜sam manā
              frābara</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Аурамазда дал мне
            царство</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e607" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e374" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>pra-bhar-</m>
            <gloss><q>подносить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>преподносить</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          Относительно <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4763e385"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e619" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e386" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <m>tifar-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e624" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e391" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <m>δβr-</m>, <m>tbr-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e631" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e398" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <m>haur-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e636" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e403" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <m>hiβr-</m></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss></mentioned> нет ясности, следует ли возводить их к
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e644" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e411" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">aθi-bar-</m> (<m type="rec">aδi-bar-</m>)</mentioned> или к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e653" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e420" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned>; ср., с одной стороны, <bibl><author>Gauthiot</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
            <biblScope>I 140</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Tedesco</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
            <biblScope>1924 XXV 54 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Фрейман</author>
              (<title>Хорезмийский язык</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 21</biblScope>)</bibl>, с другой — <bibl><author>Konow</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
            <biblScope>1939 XI 83</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/> (<biblScope>§ 621A</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1946, стр. 181</biblScope></bibl>). Нормальным продолжением <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e704" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e471" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned> в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">согдийском</hi>
          является <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e713" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e480" xml:lang="sog"><m>prβr-</m>
            <gloss><q>преподносить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дарить</q></gloss></mentioned>, в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">сакском</hi> (Тумшук) — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e725" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e492" xml:lang="xtq"><m>ror-</m>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(← <m type="rec">rawar-</m> ← <m type="rec">frabar-</m>)</note>
            <gloss><q>давать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>IV 17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lævar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læværæn"/>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æværyn"><w>æværyn</w>
            <gloss><q>класть</q></gloss></ref>; последний глагол в сочетании с превербами <m>a-</m>,
            <m>ra-</m> также получает значение <gloss><q>дать</q></gloss>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d4763e539" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aværdton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">я дал</q>
            </tr>
            
          </example>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e321" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e554" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned>, merger of the preverb <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e327" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e560" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-</m></mentioned> → <m>ræ-</m> → <m>læ</m>- with
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4763e568"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e336" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e569" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">bar-</m></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e340" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e573" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <m type="rec">bher-</m></mentioned>) <gloss><q>carry</q> etc.</gloss></mentioned> Cf.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e351" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e584" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <m>fra-bar-</m>
            <gloss><q>bring</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>give</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e362" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e595" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <m>fra-bar-</m></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e367" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e600" xml:lang="peo"><phr>Auramazdā xšas͜sam manā
              frābara</phr>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ahura Mazda gave me the
            kingdom</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e374" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e607" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <m>pra-bhar-</m>
            <gloss><q>bring</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>offer</q></gloss></mentioned>. Concerning
              <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4763e618"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e386" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e619" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <m>tifar-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e391" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e624" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <m>δβr-</m>, <m>tbr-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e398" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e631" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <m>haur-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e403" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e636" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <m>hiβr-</m></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss></mentioned>, it is unclear whether they should be traced back
          to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e411" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e644" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">aθi-bar-</m> (<m type="rec">aδi-bar-</m>)</mentioned> or to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e420" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e653" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned>; cf., on the one hand, <bibl><author>Gauthiot</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
            <biblScope>I 140</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Tedesco</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
            <biblScope>1924 XXV 54ff.</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><author>Frejman</author>
              (<title>Khwarezmian language</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
              <biblScope>p. 21</biblScope>)</bibl>, on the other hand — <bibl><author>Konow</author>
              (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
            <biblScope>1939 XI 83</biblScope>)</bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/> (<biblScope>§ 621A</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
            <biblScope>1946, p. 181</biblScope></bibl>). The regular reflex of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e471" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e704" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-bar-</m></mentioned> in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Sogdian</hi> is
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e480" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e713" xml:lang="sog"><m>prβr-</m>
            <gloss><q>offer</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>present</q></gloss></mentioned>, in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Tumshuqese</hi> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4763e492" xml:id="mentioned_d4763e725" xml:lang="xtq"><m>ror-</m>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(← <m type="rec">rawar-</m> ←
                <m type="rec">frabar-</m>)</note>
            <gloss><q>give</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
                <biblScope>IV 17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lævar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læværæn"/>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æværyn"><w>æværyn</w>
            <gloss><q>put</q></gloss></ref>; the latter verb together with preverbs <m>a-</m>,
            <m>ra-</m> also receives the meaning <gloss><q>give</q></gloss>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d4763e772" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aværdton</quote>
            
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">I gave</q>
            </tr>
          </example>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>