<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læsk</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
        <p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
          Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>. L–R. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1973</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">33–34</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
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  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_læsk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <form xml:id="form_d4472e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>læsk</orth><form xml:id="form_d4472e70" type="variant"><orth>læskʼ</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d4472e73" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>læskæ</orth><form xml:id="form_d4472e75" type="variant"><orth>læsgæ</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4472e78"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>пастьба чужого скота за плату в виде определенного процента приплода</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>pasturage of another person’s livestock in exchange for a certain share of its
              offspring</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d4472e88">
          <form xml:id="form_d4472e90" type="lemma"><orth>læskʒæræn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4472e93"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">тот, кто берет
                на содержание чужой скот и получает за это долю приплода</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">one who takes
                another’s livestock for herding and receives a share of its offspring</q>
            </tr></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4472e106">
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e108">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fos <oRef>læsḱʼy</oRef> rajsʒysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они возьмут баранту на условиях
                  <oRef>læskʼ</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they will take the livestock on the condition
                of <oRef>læskʼ</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Сл."/></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e133">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axmæt Q˳ydajnatæj ærtissæʒ fysy jæ
                <oRef>læsḱʼy</oRef> xaj rajsta æmæ cæryn bajdydta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахмат взял у Кудайната 60 овец в счет
                  <oRef>læskʼ</oRef> и стал жить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhmat took 60 sheep from Khudaynat in exchange
                for <oRef>læskʼ</oRef> and started living</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e162">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">raǵy wæjygmæ <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef> īw mæg˳yr
              læg card</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">некогда жил у великана в качестве (пастуха)
                  <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef> один бедняк</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once at the giant’s place there lived as a
                (herdmsna) <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef> one poor man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e191">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axmæt… <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef> fæjjaw,
              æxxwyrst læg</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахмат — пастух <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef>, наемный
                человек</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhmat is a <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef> herdsman, a
                man for hire</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e220">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axmæt <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef> kæmæ cardī,
              ūdonmæ bacydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахмат отправился к тем, у кого он жил в
                качестве <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhmat went to those at whose place he lived as
                a <oRef>læskʼʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e248" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz adtæn
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220330T020615+0300" comment="NB: case usage"?>læskʒæræni<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              ew ǧæzdug æssonmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я был в качестве <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef> у
                одного богатого балкарца</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was as a <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef> at one rich
                Balkar man’s</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e282" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ seʒær ænsuværi ranæxstær æncæ Ustur
              Digoræmæ, fonʒ anzi læskʒæræn etæ nillæwwuncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">два брата сироты отправляются в Большую
                Дигорию, на пять лет они нанимаются в качестве <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two orphan brothers set off to the Great
                Digora, for five years they take a job as <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d4472e310" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kurdta mæ ixwærsti sæ ew; fæccuddæn læsgʒæræn
              næ xonxmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один из них нанимал меня (в пастухи); я
                отправился в наши горы в качестве <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of them hired me (as a herdsman); I went to
                our mountains as a <oRef>læskʒæræn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — Речь идет о своеобразной аренде скота: богатый
          скотовладелец отдает неимущему батраку свой скот на содержание, платя ему за труд частью
          приплода</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — This is a kind of livestock lease: a rich livestock
          owner gives a deprived farm hand his livestock for herding, in return paying him for his
          labour with part of the livestock’s offspring</note>
        <re xml:id="re_d4472e346" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <form xml:id="form_d4472e348" type="lemma"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">термин <w>læsk</w> встречается в
              топонимике: </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">the term <w>læsk</w> occurs in
              toponymy: </note><lang/><orth>Læski igwærdæn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d4472e360"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Покос
                  <w>læsk</w></q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the <w>læsk</w>
                hayfield</q>
            </tr></sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><author>Цагаева</author>, <title>Изв.
                Сев.-Осет. научно-исслед. инcт.</title>
              <biblScope>1962 XXIII 88</biblScope>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">За топонимом
                это название закрепилось, очевидно, потому, что этот покосный участок отдавался
                пастуху-батраку за его труд вместо приплода</q></bibl>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><author>Tsagaeva</author>, <title>Izv.
                Sev.-Oset. naučno-issled. inst.</title>
              <biblScope>1962 XXIII 88</biblScope>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">This name
                became attached to this toponym, obviously, because this mowing field was given to a
                farm-hand shepherd for his labour instead of the livestock’s
            offspring</q></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, относится к числу скифо-европейских изоглосс и восходит к
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e616" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e404" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">last(a)ka-</m></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e620" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e408" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">ləd-to-ko-</m>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e628" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e416" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">lē-</m>, <m type="rec">lēd-</m>, <m type="rec">ləd-</m>
                <gloss><q>оставлять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>предоставлять</q></gloss>,
                    <gloss><q>отдавать в наем, в аренду</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>;
          ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e435"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e648" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e436" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>lētan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e653" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e441" xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
              <w>lātan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e658" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e446" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>lassen</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>оставлять</q></gloss></mentioned>, от того же корня <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e666" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e454" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>lǣs</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e671" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e459" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>leswe</w>
            <gloss><q>пастбище</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e680" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e468" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>lāđ</w>
            <gloss><q>земельная собственность</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e688" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e476" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>un-leđs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e693" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e481" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>un-lǣd</w>
            <gloss><q>неимущий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e701" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e489" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>λάτρον</w>
            <gloss><q>наемная плата</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e497"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e710" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e498" xml:lang="grc"><w>λατρεία</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e713" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e501" xml:lang="grc"><w>λάτρευμα</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>работы по найму</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>батрачество</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e722" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e510" xml:lang="grc"><w>λάτρις</w>
            <gloss><q>наемный работник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>батрак</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для
          развития значения <gloss><q>оставлять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>предоставлять</q></gloss> →
              <gloss><q>сдавать в наем, в аренду</q></gloss> ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e741" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e529" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>lease</w>
            <gloss><q>сдавать в аренду</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e746" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e537" xml:lang="en"><w>lessee</w>
            <gloss><q>арендатор</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e749" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e543" xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
            <w>laissier</w>, <w>lesser</w>
            <gloss><q>оставлять</q></gloss></mentioned> или <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e760" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e554" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>leihen</w>
            <gloss><q>давать взаймы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e768" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e562" xml:lang="de"><w>Lehen</w>
            <gloss><q>лен</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наследственная собственность, предоставляемая
                феодалом вассалу за его службу</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e777" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e571" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">leik˳-</m>
            <gloss><q>оставлять</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Институт, соответствующий ос. <oRef/>,
          известен и соседним народам Кавказа; ср. например <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e788" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e582" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>vott</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e587"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e794" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e588" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>foat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e799" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e593" xml:lang="inh"><w>foat-žæ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>стадо овец, отдаваемое кому-либо на кормление за часть приплода</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ужахов</author>. <title>Инг.- русск. сл</title>.
                  <pubPlace>Владикавказ</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                  63</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Probably belongs among the Scytho-European isoglosses and goes back to
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e404" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e616" xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">last(a)ka-</m></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e408" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e620" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">ləd-to-ko-</m>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e416" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e628" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">lē-</m>, <m type="rec">lēd-</m>, <m type="rec">ləd-</m>
                <gloss><q>leave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>let</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>give away for
                    rent</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e647"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e436" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e648" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
              <w>lētan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e441" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e653" xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
              <w>lātan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e446" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e658" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>lassen</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>leave</q></gloss></mentioned>, from the same root <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e454" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e666" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>lǣs</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e459" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e671" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>leswe</w>
            <gloss><q>pasture</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e468" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e680" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>lāđ</w>
            <gloss><q>land property</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e476" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e688" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
            <w>un-leđs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e481" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e693" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
            <w>un-lǣd</w>
            <gloss><q>deprived</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e489" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e701" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>λάτρον</w>
            <gloss><q>payment for hired service</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e709"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e498" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e710" xml:lang="grc"><w>λατρεία</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e501" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e713" xml:lang="grc"><w>λάτρευμα</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>work for hire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>farm-hand
          service</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e510" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e722" xml:lang="grc"><w>λάτρις</w>
            <gloss><q>hired labourer</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>farm hand</q></gloss></mentioned>. For
          the development <gloss><q>leave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>provide</q></gloss> →
              <gloss><q>rent out, lease</q></gloss> cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e529" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e741" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>lease</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e537" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e746" xml:lang="en"><w>lessee</w></mentioned> from
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e543" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e749" xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
            <w>laissier</w>, <w>lesser</w>
            <gloss><q>leave</q></gloss></mentioned> or <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e554" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e760" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>leihen</w>
            <gloss><q>lend</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e562" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e768" xml:lang="de"><w>Lehen</w>
            <gloss><q>flax</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>inherited property provided by a feudal lord to
                his vassal for his service</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e571" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e777" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">leik˳-</m>
            <gloss><q>leave</q></gloss></mentioned>. — An institute corresponding to the Ossetic
          <oRef/> is also known to neighbouring peoples of the Caucasus; cf. e.g. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e582" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e788" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>vott</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4472e793"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e588" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e794" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>foat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4472e593" xml:id="mentioned_d4472e799" xml:lang="inh"><w>foat-žæ</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>herd of sheep given to somebody for caretaking in exchange for a part of its
                offspring</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Užakhov</author>. <title>Ingush-Russian
                  dictionary</title>. <pubPlace>Vladikavkaz</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date>,
                  <biblScope>p. 63</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>