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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wædært</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_wædært" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d564e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wædært(t)</orth></form>
                <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wædærtæ</orth></form>
                <sense>
                    <sense>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>массивное деревянное кольцо, надеваемое на веретено для придания ему
                                тяжести и вращательной инерции</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>massive wooden ring that is put on a spindle to provide it with
                                heaviness and rotational inertia</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                    </sense>
                    <sense>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>прясло</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>whorl</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в России обычно металлическое или
                            глиняное: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
                                <biblScope> III 533</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (in Russia usually metal or clay:
                                    <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
                                <biblScope> III 533</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
                    <example>
                        <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wædært</oRef> æmæ æx˳yj
                            rajsta </quote>
                        <tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она взяла прясло и веретено</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she took the whorl and the
                                spindle</q>
                        </tr>
                        <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
                            <biblScope> III 12</biblScope></bibl>
                    </example>
                    <example>
                        <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zīly ixsyd plastinkæ
                                <oRef>wædærttaw</oRef>
                        </quote>
                        <tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стертая пластинка вертится, как
                                прясло</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the worn-out record is rotating
                                like a whorl</q>
                        </tr>
                        <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><author>Qoʒaty</author> Æxsar.
                                <title>Adæmy qær</title>. <pubPlace>Ordžonikidze</pubPlace>,
                                <date>1969</date>, <biblScope>p. 60</biblScope></bibl>
                    </example>
                    <example>
                        <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wædærtty</oRef> jas
                            kærʒyn…</quote>
                        <tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хлеб величиной с прясло. . .</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whorl-sized bread…</q>
                        </tr>
                        <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
                            <biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>
                    </example>
                    <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
                        <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="os-x-digor">tuni
                            rævʒitæ: zurnæj zild <oRef>wædærtæ</oRef>, cumæj kond ælxujnæ. . . </quote>
                        <tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орудия для (изготовления) сукна:
                                выточенное на станке прясло, сделанное из кизилового дерева
                                веретено. . .</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tools for (making) fabric:
                                machine-cut whorl, spindle made of dogwood…</q>
                        </tr>
                        <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
                            <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
                    </example>
                    <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
                        <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zajgæ ku kæna osæ, wæd coribadæg
                            æxsinæntæ ærbaxæssuj æma in æj æ niværzæn nikkænuj, cæmæj imæ sajtan ma
                            ’ndewa; …ku nizzaja, wædta kæʒosi tuxxæn imæ <oRef>wædærtæ</oRef>
                            radduncæ æma oj cʼasi dumuj </quote>
                        <tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда женщина рожает, сиделка
                                приносит чесалку шерсти и кладет ее ей в изголовье, чтобы шайтан на
                                нее не покушался; …когда она родит, тогда для очищения ей дают
                                прясло, и она дует в его отверстие</q>
                        </tr>
                        <tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a woman is giving birth, the
                                nurse brings a wool comb and puts it at the head of the bed, so that
                                the devil does not make an attempt at her life; …when she has given
                                birth, then for cleansing she is given the whorl, and she blows in
                                its hole</q>
                        </tr>
                        <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
                    </example>
                </exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Конечная группа <c>-rt(æ)</c> в названиях орудий восходит
                    закономерно к форманту <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>nominum
                            instrumenti</gloss>
                        <m>-θа-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/> -<m>tro</m>-,
                            -<m>tla</m>-</mentioned>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w></ref>.
                    Соответственно <w>wædært(t)</w> возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>вертушка</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">wart-</w>
                        <gloss><q>вертеть</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>watra </w>
                        <note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>) </note>
                        <gloss><q>ручное веретено</q></gloss></mentioned>
                    <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
                        <biblScope>351</biblScope>)</bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>vartula</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartani-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>vreteno</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Wirtel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
                        <w>gwerthud</w>
                        <gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Вся терминология, связанная с
                    обработкой шерсти, отличается в осетинском глубокой древностью и
                    оригинальностью: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>стричь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdyn"><w>wærdyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>валять (шерсть)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyvændyn"><w>nyvændyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>мотать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"><w>’lvisyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>прясть</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>ткать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lx0yj"><w>lx˳yj</w>
                        <gloss><q>веретено</q></gloss></ref> и др. С этим полностью согласуются
                    археологические данные. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Наличие
                            ткачества (у скифов) свидетельствуется находками многочисленных глиняных
                            и свинцовых пряслиц конических и биконических, т. е. грузиков,
                            надевавшихся на веретена для придания им устойчивости</q>
                                (<bibl><author>Граков</author>. <title>Скифы</title>.
                                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                                50</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Пряслица… найдены на всей территории
                            расселения савроматов</q> (<bibl>К. Ф. <author>Смирнов</author>.
                                <title>Савроматы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
                            <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 107</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. — Из
                    осетинского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>adartxa</w>
                        <gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>adərdə</w>
                        <gloss><q>веретено</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>I
                            313</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                        <biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
                        <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The final cluster <c>-rt(æ)</c> in the names of tools regularly
                    continues <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>nominum instrumenti</gloss>
                        <m>-θа-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/> -<m>tro</m>-,
                            -<m>tla</m>-</mentioned>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w></ref>.
                    Correspondingly <w>wædært(t)</w> is derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>rotator</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
                        <w type="rec">wart-</w>
                        <gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss></mentioned>. Here also belong <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>watra </w>
                        <note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>) </note>
                        <gloss><q>hand spindle</q></gloss></mentioned>
                    <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
                        <biblScope>351</biblScope>)</bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>vartula</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartani-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>vreteno</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
                        <w>Wirtel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
                        <w>gwerthud</w>
                        <gloss><q>whorl</q></gloss></mentioned>. — All terminology related to wool
                    processing in Ossetic is distinguished by its deep antiquity and originality:
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdyn"><w>wærdyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to felt (wool)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyvændyn"><w>nyvændyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>to reel</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"><w>’lvisyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>spin</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
                        <gloss><q>weave</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lx0yj"><w>lx˳yj</w>
                        <gloss><q>spindle</q></gloss></ref> etc. This is in full agreement with
                    archaeological data. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The presence of
                            weaving (among the Scythians) is testified by the findings of numerous
                            clay and lead conical and biconical whorls, i.e. little weights that
                            were put on spindles to give them balance</q>
                                (<bibl><author>Grakov</author>. <title>Skify</title> [The
                            Scythians]. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>,
                                <biblScope>p. 50</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Whorls… have been found on all the
                            territory of Sarmatian dwelling</q> (<bibl>K. F.
                                <author>Smirnov</author>. <title>Savromaty</title> [Sarmatians].
                                <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
                                107</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. — From Ossetic possibly come
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>adartxa</w>
                        <gloss><q>whorl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>adərdə</w>
                        <gloss><q>spindle</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>I
                            313</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                        <biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
                        <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
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