<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zajyn_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_zajyn_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5904e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zajyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>zad</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zajun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>zad</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5904e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>рождать</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>give birth</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (обычно о животных)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (usually about animals)</note>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aryn"/> (обычно о
          женщине). Переводится активным залогом, но в прош. времени, где формы активные и
          медиальные различаются, спрягается как медиальный: <oRef>nyzzadī</oRef>
          <q>родила</q>, а не <w type="rec">nyzzadta</w>, как, скажем, <w>nadta</w> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"><w>najyn</w>
            <gloss><q>купать</q></gloss></ref> и т.п. В залоговом отношении ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>телиться</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>щениться</w></mentioned> и т.
          п</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aryn"/> (usually
          about a woman). It is translated in the active voice, but in the past tense, where active
          and middle voice forms differ, it is conjugated as middle voice verb: <oRef>nyzzadī</oRef>
          <q>she gave birth</q>, not <w type="rec">nyzzadta</w>, as, for example, <w>nadta</w> from
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"><w>najyn</w>
            <gloss><q>bathe</q></gloss></ref> etc.
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T124753+0300" comment="??? В залоговом отношении"?>As
          for the voice<?oxy_comment_end ?>, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>telitʹsja</w>
            <gloss><q>calve</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>ščenitʹsja</w>
            <gloss><q>whelp</q></gloss></mentioned> etc</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg nyccydi ingænmæ æmæ fedta: jæ mad
                <oRef>nyzzadī</oRef> ḱyzg, bajrag æmæ k˳yʒy qævdyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сошел к могиле и увидел: его мать
                родила девочку, жеребенка и щенка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uryzmæg went down to the grave and saw: his
                mother gave birth to a girl, a foal and a puppy</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ fystæ syltæ <oRef>zajag</oRef>, wæ syltæ
              næltæ arag!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть ваши овцы рождают самок, (а) ваши женщины
                — самцов!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let your sheep give birth to females, (and)
                your women to males!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">доброе
                пожелание</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">good wishes</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fustæ ærtigæjttæ, dugæjttæ
                <oRef>zadæncæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">овцы рожали по три, по два (ягненка)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sheep gave birth to three, two (lambs)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæxæn æ <oRef>ʒajun</oRef> afon
              ærqærttæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лошади пришло время рожать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it was time for the horse to give birth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nard kark ajkæ <oRef>zajagæ</oRef> næ
              ʽj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жирная курица не бывает яйценоской</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fat chicken does not lay eggs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
              <biblScope>II 44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ madæ ænsurgin kizgæ
              <oRef>nizzadæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их мать родила клыкастую девочку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their mother gave birth to a fanged girl</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>15<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">8</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">zā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">jā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">ǵen-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>рождать(ся)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Широко представлено в иранских и
          индоевропейских языках: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>zādan</w> : <w>zāy-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>zātan</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>рождать(ся)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>zāin</w>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
            <w>zāīn</w>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                <biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 202</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>zāyag</w>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приносить</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>zōwul</w>, <w>zēẓ̌ēdəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
              <w>zā-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w> : <w>zād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w> : <w>zōd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>ziy-</w>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>zīy-</w>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q><note type="comment"> (преимущественно о животных)</note></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
                <biblScope>183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>zāy-</w> : <w>zād</w>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">dzāy-</w> (<w>ʼʼz'y-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysan-</w> : <w>ysāta</w>
            <note type="comment">(= <w type="rec">zan-</w> : <w type="rec">zāta</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ysāy-</w>
            <note type="comment">(zāy-)</note>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ysāya</w>
                <gloss><q>он родился</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zan-</w> : <w>zāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>рождать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>zay-</w>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss>, <note type="comment"><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><s>he
                  puθrō us-zayata</s>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">у него родился
              сын</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>jā-</w> : <w>jāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>рождаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰāyate</w>
            <gloss><q>рождается</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Индоевропейский глагол <q>рождать(ся)</q>
          характеризовался наличием носового (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230608T123615+0300" comment="этот символ? почему в начале другой?" id="uwc_nt4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T183601+0300" parentID="uwc_nt4_1yb" comment="я думаю, типографская ошибка: для и.е. странный символ ĝ" mid="2"?>ǵ<?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>en-</w></mentioned>);
          соответственная иранская форма <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zan-</w></mentioned>, видоизменением которой является <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zā-</w></mentioned> (<w type="rec">zān</w> → <w type="rec">zna</w> → <w type="rec">zā-</w>), также сохранилась в осетинском в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zænæg"><w>zænæg</w>
            <gloss><q>потомство</q></gloss></ref> и, может быть, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzong"><w>ævzong</w>
            <gloss><q>молодой</q></gloss></ref> (см. эти слова). О всем этимологическом гнезде см.:
            <bibl>Rüdiger <author>Schmitt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IIJ"/>
            <biblScope>1965, № 4, стр. 280</biblScope></bibl>. См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zad_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zajnæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zajyn_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæddag_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæjc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zænæg"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 176</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>20, 23, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>344</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">zā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">jā-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">ǵen-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss></mentioned>. Widely
          represented in Iranian and Indo-European languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>zādan</w> : <w>zāy-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>zātan</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
            <w>zāin</w>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
            <w>zāīn</w>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                <biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. II, p. 202</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>zāyag</w>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bring</q></gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>zōwul</w>, <w>zēẓ̌ēdəl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
              <w>zā-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w> : <w>zād</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <w>zay-</w> : <w>zōd</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><w>ziy-</w>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>zīy-</w>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q><note type="comment"> (mostly about animals)</note></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
                <biblScope>183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>zāy-</w> : <w>zād</w>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">dzāy-</w> (<w>ʼʼz'y-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ysan-</w> : <w>ysāta</w>
            <note type="comment">(= <w type="rec">zan-</w> : <w type="rec">zāta</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ysāy-</w>
            <note type="comment">(zāy-)</note>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>ysāya</w>
                <gloss><q>he was born</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>zan-</w> : <w>zāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>give birth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>zay-</w>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss>, <note type="comment"><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><s>he puθrō
                  us-zayata</s>
                <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">his son was
              born</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>jā-</w> : <w>jāta-</w>
            <gloss><q>be born</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ǰāyate</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T125224+0300" comment="или he /she?"?>he<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                is being born</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The Indo-European verb <q>give birth</q>,
            <q>be born</q> was characterized by the presence of a nasal (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230608T123615+0300" comment="этот символ? почему в начале другой?" id="uwc_nt4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T183601+0300" parentID="uwc_nt4_1yb" comment="я думаю, типографская ошибка: для и.е. странный символ ĝ" mid="5"?>ǵ<?oxy_comment_end mid="5"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>en-</w></mentioned>);
          the corresponding Iranian form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zan-</w></mentioned>, a modification of which is <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zā-</w></mentioned> (<w type="rec">zān</w> → <w type="rec">zna</w> → <w type="rec">zā-</w>), is also preserved in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zænæg"><w>zænæg</w>
            <gloss><q>offspring</q></gloss></ref> and maybe <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævzong"><w>ævzong</w>
            <gloss><q>young</q></gloss></ref> (see these words). About the whole etymological nest
          see: <bibl>Rüdiger <author>Schmitt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IIJ"/>
            <biblScope>1965, № 4, p. 280</biblScope></bibl>. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zad_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zajnæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zajyn_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæddag_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæjc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zænæg"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 176</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>20, 23, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>344</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>