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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xor" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5638e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xor</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwar</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5638e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>хлеб в зерне</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>bread in grains</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в иронском чаще имеется в виду </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Iron, it usually means  </note>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ячмень</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>barley</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Hordeum vulgare</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Hordeum vulgare</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">иногда с эпитетом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæbær"><w>qæbær</w>
                <gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss></ref>
              <cit>
                <re>
                  <form type="lemma">(<orth>qæbær xor</orth></form>
                  <sense>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
                        злак</q>
                    </tr>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
                        злак</q>
                    </tr>
                  </sense>
                </re>
              </cit>),</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">sometimes with an epithet <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæbær"><w>qæbær</w>
                <gloss><q>solid</q></gloss></ref>
              <cit>
                <re>
                  <form type="lemma">(<orth>qæbær xor</orth></form>
                  <sense>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
                        злак</q>
                    </tr>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hard
                        cereal</q>
                    </tr>
                  </sense>
                </re>
              </cit>),</note>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в дигорском — </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in Digor, it usually refers to </note>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>просо</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>millet</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Panicum</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Panicum</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, иногда с эпитетом <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>bor</w>
                <gloss><q>желтый</q></gloss></mentioned>. У осетин, живущих в Турции,
                <oRef>xor</oRef>, по свидетельству <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Thordarson</hi>’а, означает <q>рожь</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
                <biblScope>1971 XXXIII 166</biblScope></bibl>). Различают несколько видов ячменя:
                <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīsk"><w>sisk</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>q˳ydaly </w>
                <gloss>(двухрядный)</gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"><w>kærvæʒ</w>
                <gloss>(четырехрядный)</gloss></ref>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"><w>mænæw</w>
                <gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"><w>jæw</w>
                <gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼoj"><w>cʼoj</w>
                <gloss><q>рожь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy"/>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zætxæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zætxæ</w>
                <gloss><q>овес</q></gloss></ref>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fagæ"><w>fagæ</w>
                <gloss><q>пшено</q></gloss></ref>; д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr xml:lang="os-x-digor">bor xwar</phr> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">желтый злак</q></gloss>) <gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></mentioned> = и. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — </note><cit>
                <re>
                  <form type="lemma"><orth>Xory bon, Xory sær, Ræmon bon</orth></form>
                  <sense>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
                          bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
                        осенью после первых снопов</q>
                    </tr>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
                          bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
                        осенью после первых снопов</q>
                    </tr>
                  </sense>
                </re>
              </cit></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, ometimes with an epithet <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>bor</w>
                <gloss><q>yellow</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ossetians living in Turkey use
                <oRef>xor</oRef>, according to <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Thordarson</hi> in
              the sense <q>rye</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
                <biblScope>1971 XXXIII 166</biblScope></bibl>). Several types of barley are
              distinguished:  <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīsk"><w>sisk</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>q˳ydaly </w>
                <gloss>(two-row)</gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"><w>kærvæʒ</w>
                <gloss>(four-row)</gloss></ref>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"><w>mænæw</w>
                <gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"><w>jæw</w>
                <gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼoj"><w>cʼoj</w>
                <gloss><q>rye</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy"/>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zætxæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zætxæ</w>
                <gloss><q>oats</q></gloss></ref>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fagæ"><w>fagæ</w>
                <gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></ref>; Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr xml:lang="os-x-digor">bor xwar</phr> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">yellow cereal</q></gloss>) <gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></mentioned> =  Iron
                <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/><note type="comment">. — </note><cit>
                <re>
                  <form type="lemma"><orth>Xory bon, Xory sær, Ræmon bon</orth></form>
                  <sense>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
                          bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
                        осенью после первых снопов</q>
                    </tr>
                    <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                      <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">festival in honor of the god of cereals
                          <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
                            bon</phr></mentioned>), celebrated in the spring before the start of
                        field work and in the fall after the first sheaves</q>
                    </tr>
                  </sense>
                </re>
              </cit></note>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xorærcyd</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">урожай</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">harvest</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xordon</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">житница</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barn</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xorǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обильный хлебом</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rich in bread</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>урожайный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>fruitful</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærkarstam, ærlastam næ <oRef>xortæ</oRef>, næ
              xos</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы скосили, свезли наши хлеба, наше сено</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we mowed, brought our bread, our hay</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xor</oRef> bīræ, fos bīræ xoycawy
              færcy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хлеба много, скота много божьей милостью</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a lot of bread, a lot of livestock by the grace
                of God</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stong az yskodta; <oRef>xor</oRef> nal
              ærzad</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выдался голодный год; хлеб не уродился</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it was a hungry year; bread is not born</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(zæxǵyntæ) fos wæd, <oRef>xor</oRef> wæd
              īstoj qalonaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(землевладельцы) отбирали (у крестьян) и
                скот и хлеб в виде дани</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(landowners) took away (from the peasants)
                both cattle and bread in the form of tribute</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wajag bæxy... syǧdæg <oRef>xoræj</oRef>
              xasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он кормил своего скакуна чистым ячменем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he fed his steed pure barley</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">am īs īw læppūmæ fonʒ <oRef>xory</oRef>
              kærʒyny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">здесь есть у одного мальчика пять хлебов
                ячменных</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is a lad here, which hath five barley
                loaves</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xory</oRef> ʽssadæj kærʒyn kænync
              ærmæst ænqīzænæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ячменной муки хлеб пекут только на
                закваске</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barley flour bread is baked only on
                sourdough</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1969 I 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr kadǵyn næ wyd Irmæ qæbær
                <oRef>xory</oRef> kærʒyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ячменный чурек не пользовался у осетин большим
                почетом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barley churek was not highly respected among
                Ossetians</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1969 I 83</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæbær <oRef>xor</oRef> æmæ x˳ymællægæj næm
              æxsīdync dīssaǵy iron bægæny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ячменя и хмеля у нас варят чудесное
                осетинское пиво</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we brew wonderful Ossetian beer from barley and
                hops</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">avd anzi ci <oRef>xwar</oRef> læwdtæj ævardæj
              wæjgutæmæ, eci <oRef>xwar</oRef> sin æ xumi bajtudta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зерно, которое хранилось у великанов семь лет,
                это зерно он посеял на своем поле</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the grain that was kept by the giants for seven
                years, he sowed this grain in his field</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">16</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mislgoni <oRef>xwaræj</oRef> jin xuluccag
              kærʒin</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из мисигонского проса ему (будет) хлеб из
                невысушенного зерна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from Misigon millet he (will have) bread from
                undried grain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 127</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...bor <oRef>xwari</oRef> xumæ kærdunmæ randæ
              ʽj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...она отправилась жать на поле просо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">... she went to reap the millet field</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hwarna-</w> или <w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
            <note type="comment">от базы <w>hwar-</w>
              <gloss><q>есть</q></gloss></note> и означает собственно <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>еда</q></gloss></mentioned>. В зависимости от того, какой злак имел
          преобладающее значение в данной среде, слово применялось то к просу, то к ячменю. Значение
            <q>просо</q> представляется весьма древним. В перечне растений, возделываемых
          скифами-пахарями, <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Геродот</author>
            <biblScope>(IV 17)</biblScope></bibl> называет просо. Данные археологии также <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">свидетельствуют о разведении проса, ячменя,
            пшеницы...</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">А. П. Смирнов</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Скифы</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
              128</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 128</biblScope></bibl>). Приведем
          некоторые иранские соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwāra</w>, <w>xurak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>xwār</w>
            <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>провизия</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>xūr</w>
            <gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
                <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>h<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">v</hi>āra</w>
            <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
                <biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xvarəna-</w>
            <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned>’. <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Древнеперсидское</hi> название ячменя <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Hinz</hi>
          распознает в персепольских таблетках в восстанавливаемой форме <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">hvartam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hinz</author>. <title>Neue Wege
              im Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 32—33</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
              32—33</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwarəstān</w> (<w>γwrst’n-</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 1019</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
              <note type="comment">по аналогии с <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ryzkh’ stʼn</w>
                <gloss><q>рисовое поле</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, можно понимать
                как<gloss><q>пшеничное</q></gloss> или <gloss><q>ячменное поле</q></gloss>, а также
            как <gloss><q>гумно</q></gloss> или <gloss><q>житница</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. по
            образованию<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gænyston</w>
            <gloss><q>поле, заросшее коноплей</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Если абстрактное <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned> стало означать конкретно <q>хлеб</q>, то
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="ine"><lang>иран. (и и.е.)</lang>
            <w type="rec">pitu-</w>
            <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned> дало ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fid</w>
            <gloss><q>мясо</q></gloss></ref>; но ср. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>пита</w>
            <gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
                <biblScope>II 942</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>питъ</w>
            <gloss><q>пшеничный хлеб</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Этимология 1972</title>, <pubPlace xml:base="ru">М.</pubPlace>,
                <date>1974</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w>xorna</w></mentioned> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>xorxuz</w>
            <gloss><q>мука из невысушенного ячменя</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>I 282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> содержит в первой части ос.
            <oRef>xor</oRef>. — <mentioned xml:lang="oge"><lang/>
            <w>xwarbali</w>
            <gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></mentioned> связывают с <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>kovali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>kobali</w>
            <gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
            <biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). Соответствие далеко не безупречно с фонетической
          стороны. Начальное <c>xwar-</c> наводит на мысль о контаминации с <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>(алан.?) <w>xwar-</w>
            <gloss><q>хлеб в зерне’</q></gloss></mentioned>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæryn_1"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_-xor"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xollag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxor"/>. См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorærcyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xordon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorʒon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Būrxoraly"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xwareldar"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 13, 150</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hwarna-</w> or <w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
            <note type="comment">from the base <w>hwar-</w>
              <gloss><q>eat</q></gloss></note> and actually means <gloss><q>food</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>meal</q></gloss></mentioned>. Depending on which cereal was predominant in
          a given environment, the word was applied either to millet or to barley. The meaning g
            <q>millet</q> appears to be very ancient. Among the plants cultivated by Scythian
          plowmen, ,<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Herodotus</author>
            <biblScope>(IV 17)</biblScope></bibl> lists the millet. Archaeological data also <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">confirms the cultivation of millet, barley, wheat ...</q>
              (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">A. P. Smirnov</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Skify
              [Scythians]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 128</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 128</biblScope></bibl>).
          Here are some Iranian correspondences: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xwāra</w>, <w>xurak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>xwār</w>
            <gloss><q>food</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>provisions</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>xūr</w>
            <gloss><q>bread in grain</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
                <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hᵛāra</w>
            <gloss><q>food</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
                <biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xvarəna-</w>
            <gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned>’. The <lang>Old Persian</lang> name of barley is
          recognized by <name>Hinz</name> in Persepolis tablets, reconstructed as <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">hvartam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hinz</author>.
              <title>Neue Wege im Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>,
              <date>1970</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 32—33</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 32—33</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xwarəstān</w> (<w>γwrst’n-</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
                <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 1019</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
              <note type="comment">by analogy with <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ryzkh’ stʼn</w>
                <gloss><q>rice field</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, can be understood
                as<gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss> or <gloss><q>barley field</q></gloss>, as well as
                <gloss><q>threshing floor</q></gloss> or <gloss><q>barn</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf.
          derivation of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gænyston</w>
            <gloss><q>field overgrown with hemp</q></gloss></mentioned>. — If the abstract
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
            <gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned> came to mean specifically <q>bread</q>, then
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="ine"><lang>Iranian (and Indo-European)</lang>
            <w type="rec">pitu-</w>
            <gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned> yielded Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fid</w>
            <gloss><q>meat</q></gloss></ref>; but cf. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
            <w>pita</w>
            <gloss><q>bread</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
                <biblScope>II 942</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>pitŭ</w>
            <gloss><q>wheat bread</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Etimologija [Etymology] 972</title>, <pubPlace xml:base="en">Moscow</pubPlace>,
                  <date>1974</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 62 ff.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. On <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w>xorna</w></mentioned>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>xorxuz</w>
            <gloss><q>undried barley flour</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>I 282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> contains as its first part
          Ossetic <oRef>xor</oRef>. — <mentioned xml:lang="oge"><lang/>
            <w>xwarbali</w>
            <gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></mentioned> is related to <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
            <w>kovali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>kobali</w>
            <gloss><q>bread</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
            <biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). Phonetically, the correspondence is far from being
          flawless. The initial <c>xwar-</c> suggests contamination with <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>(Alan.?) <w>xwar-</w>
            <gloss><q>bread in grain’</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæryn_1"/>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_-xor"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xollag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxor"/>. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorærcyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xordon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorʒon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Būrxoraly"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xwareldar"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 13, 150</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>