<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tewa</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_tewa" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d530e66" type="lemma"><orth>tewa</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d530e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>верблюд</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>camel</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tewajy <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn">q˳yn</ref></orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tewaǧun</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">верблюжья шерсть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">camel wool</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tewajy</oRef> warǧ aftæ ma nykkæla, æmæ
              ʒy xæræǵy warǧ ma ærævzæra</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ноша верблюда не может развалиться настолько,
                чтобы из нее не набралось ноши (для) осла</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a camel’s load cannot fall apart so much that
                it does not
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230307T111124+0300" comment="что-то ужас какой-то"?>make
                a load<?oxy_comment_end ?> for a donkey</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">proverb;</note>
              <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 225</biblScope></bibl>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; другие варианты
              этой поговорки: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                <biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">29</hi></biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl></note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">; other versions
              of this proverb: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
                <biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">29</hi></biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl></note>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æncondær ū <oRef>tewajæn</oRef> sūʒīny byny
              alæsyn, qæzdygæn x˳ycawy padcaxadmæ bacæwynæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">удобнее верблюду пройти сквозь игольное ушко,
                нежели богатому войти в царство божие</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it is easier for a camel to go through the eye
                of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">19</hi> 24</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ioann jæxædæg ta dardta <oRef>tewajy</oRef>
              q˳ynæj daræs</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сам же Иоанн имел одежду из верблюжьего
                волоса</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and the same John had his raiment of
                camel’s hair</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi> 4</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æra-cæjcæwuj Sajnægi zærond, ...wælæftawcæj
              in <oRef>tewaǧun</oRef> coqa</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выходит старик Сайнаг, на нем накинута черкеска
                из верблюжьей шерсти</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old man Sainag comes out, he is wearing a
                Circassian coat made of camel hair</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>60<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">233, 234, 237</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Усвоено из тюркского: <mentioned xml:lang="kdr"><lang>тюрк.</lang>
            (караим.) <w>tʼeva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="chg" extralang="trk-x-east ug">(чагат., уйгур., восточнотюрк.) <w>tävä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv">(чув.) <w>tevε</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat">(анат.)
            <w>deve</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>верблюд</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
              <biblScope>III 1127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>. <biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
              <biblScope>II 669 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>teve</w>
            <note type="comment">id. (из проточувашского: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/>
                <biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>teva(-na)</w>
            <gloss><q>лось</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>dèva</w>
            <gloss><q>верблюд</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/>
                <biblScope>188</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj" extralang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>deve</w>
            <note type="comment">id.</note></mentioned> и, вероятно, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>stʼevi</w>
            <gloss><q>верблюжья шерсть</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
                <biblScope>1194</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Трудно установить, из
          какого именно тюркского языка заимствовано осетинское слово. Можно только думать, что
          произошло это достаточно давно, быть может еще в сарматское время. Кости верблюда, хотя и
          в небольшом количестве, находят среди памятников этой эпохи
            (<bibl><author>Цалкин</author>. <title>Домашние и дикие животные Северного Причерноморья
              в эпоху раннего железа</title>.
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T120905+0300" comment="???" flag="done"?><bibl type="j"><title>Матер. и исслед. по археол. СССР</title></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <biblScope>1960 LIII</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Тsаlkin</author>. <title>Economy
              of East European tribes in the Early Iron Age</title>.
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T121000+0300" comment="????" flag="done"?>В
            сб.: <bibl type="m"><title>Труды VII Международного конгресса антропологических и
                этнографических наук, т. V</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
                <biblScope>стр. 540</biblScope></bibl></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>). Другие иранские
          языки хранят рефлексы древнеиранского названия верблюда: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>uštra-</w></mentioned>. В осетинском и здесь, как во множестве других тюркских
          заимствований, нашли отражение специфические, старые и долгие алано-тюркские
              контакты.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 13</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>32, 35</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Acquired from Turkic: <mentioned xml:lang="kdr"><lang>Turkic</lang>
            (Karaim) <w>tʼeva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="chg" extralang="trk-x-east ug">(Chagatai, Uyghur, East Turkic) <w>tävä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv">(Chuvash) <w>tevε</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat">(Anatolian Turkish)
              <w>deve</w></mentioned>
          <gloss><q>camel</q></gloss>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
              <biblScope>III 1127</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>. <biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
              <biblScope>II 669 ff.</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. See also <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>teve</w>
            <note type="comment">id. (from
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230307T111610+0300" comment="так??"?>Proto<?oxy_comment_end ?>-Chuvash:
                  <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/>
                <biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
            <w>teva(-na)</w>
            <gloss><q>elk</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>dèva</w>
            <gloss><q>camel</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/>
                <biblScope>188</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sqj" extralang="lez"><lang/>
            <w>deve</w>
            <note type="comment">id.</note></mentioned> and, probably, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>stʼevi</w>
            <gloss><q>camel wool</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
                <biblScope>1194</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — It is difficult to
          establish from which Turkic language the Ossetic word is borrowed. One can only think that
          this happened quite a long time ago, perhaps even in the Sarmatian time. Camel bones,
          although in small quantities, are found among the monuments of this era.
              (<bibl><author>Tsalkin</author>. <title>Domashnie i dikie zhivotnye Severnogo
              Prichernomor'ya v epohu rannego zheleza</title> [Domestic and wild animals of the Northern
              Black Sea region in the Early Iron Age]. <bibl type="j"><title>Materialy i
                issledovaniya po arheologii SSSR</title> [Materials and research on the archeology of the
                USSR]</bibl>
            <biblScope>1960 LIII</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Tsalkin</author>. <title>Economy
              of East European tribes in the Early Iron Age</title>. In: <bibl type="m"><title>Trudy
                VII Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa antropologicheskih i etnograficheskih nauk</title> [Proceedings of the VII International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnographic
                Sciences], vol. V. <pubPlace>Moscow.</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
                <biblScope>p. 540</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). Other Iranian languages retain
          reflexes of the ancient Iranian name for the camel: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>uštra-</w></mentioned>. In Ossetic, here, too, as in many other Turkic borrowings,
          specific, old and long Alan-Turkic contacts are reflected.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 13</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>32, 35</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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