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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xærgæfs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xærgæfs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T204903+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5130e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xærgæfs</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xærgæfsæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5130e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>мул</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>mule</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> син. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qadyr"><w>qadyr</w> |
              <w>qadir</w></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> syn. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qadyr"><w>qadyr</w> |
              <w>qadir</w></ref></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dynǵyr-qūs <oRef>xærgæfsy</oRef> ta bæxyl ḱī
              nymajy?</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто же большеухого мула считает конем?</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">but who considers a large-eared mule a
                horse?</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īs sæm xærǵytæ æmæ
              <oRef>xærgæfsytæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">есть у них ослы и мулы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they have mules and horses</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærgæfsæn</oRef> cæxx radtoj, fælæ don
              næ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мулу дали соли, а воды — нет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they gave salt to the mule, but no water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 95</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz <oRef>xærgæfsitæ</oRef> donmæ nikkænʒænæn
              æma din oni kʼæxti ’zmænst doni lækʼun fænniwazun kænʒænæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я сведу мулов к реке и размешанную их ногами
                грязную воду заставлю тебя пить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will lead the mules to the river and will
                make you drink the dirty water mixed by their legs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Сложение из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>xæræg</w>
            <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(с выпадением второго гласного)</note></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>æfs(æ)</w>
            <note type="comment">(см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>)</note>
            <gloss><q>кобыла</q></gloss></ref>. Модель композита — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xarakaspa-</w></mentioned>. Ср. имя <w>Charaspes</w> одного из правителей
          скифо-фракийского царства II—I вв. до н. э. (<bibl><author>Regling</author>.
              <title>Corolla numismatica</title>. <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>, <date>1906</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 259</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>V 319</biblScope></bibl>) возводит <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>öszvér</w>
            <gloss><q>мул</q></gloss></mentioned> к <w>eszp-her</w> и считает, что оно образовано из
          тех же компонентов, что <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang>ос.</lang>
            <w>xærgæfs</w></mentioned>, но только в обратном порядке: <w>eszp</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>aspa-</w>
            <gloss><q>лошадь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <w>her</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>xara-</w>
            <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss. 32</ref>)</bibl> оспаривает эту этимологию. Однако
          ничего лучшего для разъяснения венгерского слова пока не предложено (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MNTESz."/>
            <biblScope>III 45</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>179</biblScope><hi>₇₇₁</hi></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>29, 118</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Combination of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>xæræg</w>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(with loss of second vowel)</note></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"><w>æfs(æ)</w>
            <note type="comment">(see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>)</note>
            <gloss><q>mare</q></gloss></ref>. The model for the compound is <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*xarakaspa-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Charaspes</w>
            <gloss>the name of one of the rulers of the Scytho-Thracian kingdom of the 2nd–1st
              centuries BC</gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Regling</author>. <title>Corolla numismatica</title>.
                  <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>, <date>1906</date>, <biblScope>p.
                259</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>V 319</biblScope></bibl>) derives <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>öszvér</w>
            <gloss><q>mule</q></gloss></mentioned> from <w>eszp-her</w> and believes that it is
          derived from the same components as Ossetic <oRef>xærgæfs</oRef>, but in inverse order:
            <w>eszp</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>aspa-</w>
            <gloss><q>horse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <w>her</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>xara-</w>
            <gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss. 32</ref>)</bibl> disputes this etymology. But nothing
          better has been proposed as an explanation for the Hungarian word (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MNTESz."/>
            <biblScope>III 45</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>179</biblScope><hi>₇₇₁</hi></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>29, 118</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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