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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ḱesena</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_ḱesena" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d222e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ḱesena</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d222e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kesena</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d222e72">
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d222e73">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>замок</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>castle</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note>
                    </sense>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d222e90">
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>дом</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>house</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note>
                    </sense>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d222e108">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d222e110" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ew doni bilæbæl ew æʒæræg kesenamæ sqærdtæj ma omi ærcardæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он добрался до одного нежилого замка на берегу реки и там
                                поселился</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he reached one uninhabited castle on the river bank and settled
                                there</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>10%l3</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d222e132" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>i buduri ba æristæftæj ew ors kesena… baʒurdta kesenamæ, ma din omi
                            ba ærtæ kizgi</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в степи он заметил белый <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>…
                                он позвал в <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>, а там три
                                девушки</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>in the steppe he noticed a white <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>… he called into <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>, and there were three girls</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            93</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Слово засвидетельствовано в ряде языков Кавказа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e276" xml:id="mentioned_d222e154" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-қa-šana</w>
                        <gloss><q>каменное надгробное сооружение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e284" xml:id="mentioned_d222e162" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
                        <w>kašana</w>
                        <gloss><q>старинная крепость</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e292" xml:id="mentioned_d222e170" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>käśanä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e297" xml:id="mentioned_d222e175" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>kešene</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e302" xml:id="mentioned_d222e180" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>kešēni</w>
                        <gloss><q>надземный склеп</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e311" xml:id="mentioned_d222e189" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>kaš</w>
                        <gloss><q>могильник</q></gloss></mentioned>. Первоисточником А. Н. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Генко</hi> считает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e319" xml:id="mentioned_d222e197" xml:lang="qwm" dialect="qwm-x-polov"><lang/>
                        <w>kesenä</w>
                        <gloss><q>надгробное сооружение</q></gloss></mentioned>
                            (<bibl><biblScope>Codex cumanicus. XIV в.</biblScope></bibl>); по В. В.
                        <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Бартольду</hi>, так назывались половецкие
                    кирпичные мавзолеи, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e330" xml:id="mentioned_d222e208" xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
                        <w>käsänä</w>
                        <gloss><q>мавзолей</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>XXV 59</biblScope></bibl>). Слово
                    встречается в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русских</hi> грамотах XVI в. в форме
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e342" xml:id="mentioned_d222e220" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>кешень</w></mentioned>: „кешень означает надгробный памятник, каменный
                    или деревянный, особливо в виде строения“ (<bibl><biblScope>Д. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Кобеко</hi>. К вопросу о местоположении
                            города Сарая, столицы Золотой Орды</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>IV 269–270</biblScope></bibl>:
                    „вемо над слугою своим… кешеню поставити и пети по нем и поминати его“).
                    Осетинские ссылочные тексты, два из которых приведены выше, не подтверждают
                    значения „могильное сооружение“; речь в них идет о каком-то строении, служащем
                    или могущем служить для жилья. Это обстоя- тельство побуждает привлечь
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e356" xml:id="mentioned_d222e233" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kāšāna</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kāš</hi> ‘глазурь’, ‘эмаль’)</note>
                        <gloss><q>дом, украшенный глазурью</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e366" xml:id="mentioned_d222e243" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>небольшой домик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e372" xml:id="mentioned_d222e249" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>зимнее жилище</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl>). Быть может, именно
                    персидское слово в этом значении является первоисточником, а смещение значения в
                    сторону ‘мавзолея’, ‘склепа’ произошло на тюркской (половецкой)
                            почве.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Генко</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 713</biblScope></bibl>.
                            —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>298</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">This word is attested in some languages of the Caucasus:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e154" xml:id="mentioned_d222e276" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-қa-šana</w>
                        <gloss><q>tombstone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e162" xml:id="mentioned_d222e284" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
                        <w>kašana</w>
                        <gloss><q>ancient fortress</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e170" xml:id="mentioned_d222e292" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>käśanä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e175" xml:id="mentioned_d222e297" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>kešene</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e180" xml:id="mentioned_d222e302" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
                        <w>kešēni</w>
                        <gloss><q>overground crypt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e189" xml:id="mentioned_d222e311" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
                        <w>kaš</w>
                        <gloss><q>burial ground</q></gloss></mentioned>. A. N. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Genko</hi> considers <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e197" xml:id="mentioned_d222e319" xml:lang="qwm" dialect="qwm-x-polov"><lang/>
                        <w>kesenä</w>
                        <gloss><q>tombstone</q></gloss></mentioned> to be the primary source
                            (<bibl><biblScope>Codex cumanicus. 14th century</biblScope></bibl>); according
                    to V. V. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bartold</hi>, Polovets brick mausoleums
                    were called so, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e208" xml:id="mentioned_d222e330" xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
                        <w>käsänä</w>
                        <gloss><q>mausoleum</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>XXV 59</biblScope></bibl>). This word is
                    attested in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> manuscripts of XVI c. in the
                    form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e220" xml:id="mentioned_d222e342" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>kešenʼ</w></mentioned>: “<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kešenʼ</hi> is a
                    tombstone, made of stone or wood, in the form of a building” (<bibl><author>D.
                            Kobek</author><biblScope>Towards the location of Saray, the capital of
                            the Golden Horde</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>IV 269–270</biblScope></bibl>: „vemo nad 
                    slugoju svoim… kešenju postaviti i peti po nem i pominati ego“). The Ossetic
                    reference texts, two of which can be found above, do not confirm the meaning
                    “tomb building”; they are about some building, which serves or can serve as
                    human habitation. This circumstance leads to the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e233" xml:id="mentioned_d222e356" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kāšāna</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kāš</hi> ‘glaze’, ‘enamel’)</note>
                        <gloss><q>house, decorated with glaze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e243" xml:id="mentioned_d222e366" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>small house</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e249" xml:id="mentioned_d222e372" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>winter dwelling</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl>). Maybe the Persian word
                    itself in this meaning is the primary source, and the shift towards meanings
                    ‘mausoleum’, ‘crypt’ was done because of Turkic (Polovets)
                            influence.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Genko</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 713</biblScope></bibl>.
                            —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>298</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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