<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_jæxs" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d3142e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>jæxs</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d3142e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsæ</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d3142e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d3142e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>плеть</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>lash</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3142e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>кнут</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>whip</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d3142e92">
                    <form xml:id="form_d3142e94" type="lemma"><orth>jæxsy c’ykk</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d3142e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>удар плетки</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a whip stroke</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3142e108">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3142e110">
                        <quote>īw jæxsy fevzīdtmæ…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>одним взмахом плетки…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>with one sweep of a whip…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d3142e129" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>bujnagin æxsæ æ niværzænæj isista ma mæ omæj ærsærfta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>достала из изголовья войлочную плетку и провела ею по мне</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>(she) took a felt whip from the head (of the bead) and passed it over
                                me</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                            39</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope>(стр. 328)</biblScope></bibl> сопоставлял с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e217" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e158" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>yaxšti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако, по аналогии с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsæ</hi> ‘кобыла’, надо думать, что
                    начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> в иронском является вторичным наращением и что, стало быть, в
                    этимологических разъяснениях надо исходить из дигорской формы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>.
                    Последнюю нельзя возвести к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yaxšti-.</hi> Она происходит, вероятно, от хорошо
                    известного иранского и индоевропейского корня *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ag-</hi>(*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>) ‘гнать’ с
                    помощью форманта <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">agsa-</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">axša-</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. Точное значение
                    было, таким образом, ‘погонялка’. Иранское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axš-</hi>, как в
                    осетинском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faz</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faxs</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">araz-</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aræxs-</hi> и др. В пользу данной
                    этимологии говорит также то, что и в других иранских языках корень <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>
                    ‘гнать’ используется для образования слова ‘плеть’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e227" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e168" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aštrā (← *az-trā-)</w>
                        <gloss><q>плеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e235" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e176" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>asp-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>лошадиная плетка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e243" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e184" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из иран.) </note><w>gav-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>стрекало для быков</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e195" xml:lang="xcl"><w>xar-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>стрекало для осла</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>).
                    Относительно начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> в и. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>.%n <bibl><author>Фрейман</author><biblScope>Rocznik
                            Orient. 1927, стр. 161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope>(p. 328)</biblScope></bibl> compared it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e158" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>yaxšti-</w>
                        <gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, by analogy with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsæ</hi> ‘mare’, the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> in
                    Iron should be considered as a secondary augment and thus etymological
                    explanations should proceed from a Digor form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. The latter cannot be
                    traced back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yaxšti-.</hi> Apparently it originates from a well known Iranian
                    and Indo-European root *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ag-</hi>(*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi>) ‘to drive (away)’ by means of a
                    formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>: *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">agsa-</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">axša-</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsæ</hi>. Therefore, its exact meaning
                    was ‘thing that drives away’. Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axš-</hi>, as in
                    Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faz</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">faxs</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">araz-</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aræxs-</hi> etc.
                    This etymology is supported by the fact that in other Iranian languages a word
                    ‘whip’ is derived from a root <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az-</hi> ‘drive away’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e168" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e227" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>aštrā (← *az-trā-)</w>
                        <gloss><q>whip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e176" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e235" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>asp-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>a horse whip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e184" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e243" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
                        <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(from Iranian) </note><w>gav-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>goad for bulls</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3142e195" xml:id="mentioned_d3142e254" xml:lang="xcl"><w>xar-azan</w>
                        <gloss><q>goad for a donkey</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>). As for
                    the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">j</hi> in Iron <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæxs</hi> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/>.%n
                            %b<bibl><author>Freiman</author><biblScope>Rocznik Orient. 1927, p.
                            161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>