<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sym</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_sym" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1772e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sym</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sum</orth></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1772e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>звук</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>sound</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>шум</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>noise</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense/>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ænæsym</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænæsum</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">без звука</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">without sound</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>беззвучный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>soundless</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>бесшумный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>noiseless</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/></usg>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>молчание</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>silence</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>sumæj</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молча</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">silently</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>бессловесно</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>wordlessly</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в иронском отдельно мало употребительно, но обычно в
            сочетании </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Iron, it is rarely used separately, but usually in
            combination </note>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>qyp-syp</orth></form>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qyp-sym</hi> для
            ассонанса)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qyp-sym</hi> for
            assonance)</note>
          <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <example>
              <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qyp-syp dær nal yskodta</quote>
              <tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он не издал больше ни звука</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he didnʼt make a sound any more</q>
              </tr>
            </example>
          </exampleGrp>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">babadtæncæ ænæ <oRef>sum</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они сели без шума</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sat quietly</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
              <biblScope>II 1139</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ razæj cæwuj ænæ qīp, ænæ
                <oRef>sumæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он идет впереди меня без звука, без шума</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he walks ahead of me without a sound, without a
                noise</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 VII 51</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o, mæ rajguræn ǧæwbæstæ, o, mæ warzon cardi
              kʼum, ʒægærægæftud bælæstæ æd siftærti fælmæn <oRef>sum</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мое родное село, о мой любимый в жизни
                уголок, покрытые цветом деревья с нежным шумом листвы!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh my native village, oh my favourite corner in
                life, trees covered with colours and a gentle rustle of leaves!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕмдз."/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm næbal cæruncæ kurmæj, — es alke æ fagæ
              baræ; næbal istuj næ kizgæ <oRef>sumæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">люди больше не живут вслепую, — у каждого есть
                достаточно прав; и наша дочь не остается больше бессловесной</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">people no longer live blindly — everyone has
                enough rights; and our daughter is no longer speechless</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">sraw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>ḱleu-</w>
            <gloss><q>слышать</q></gloss>, медиально <gloss><q>быть слышным</q></gloss></mentioned>;
            <c>s</c> из <c>sr</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sy</w>
            <gloss><q>рог</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="ine">sru-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syg_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</w>
            <gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">asruka-</w></mentioned> и др.; дифтонг <c>au</c> перед носовым сужается
          и дает <c>y</c> | <c>u</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">x˳ym(ællæg)</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xum(ællæg)</w>
            <gloss><q>хмель</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">hauma(aryaka-)</w></mentioned> и др. Арийские отглагольные образования
          на <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>-ma-</c></mentioned>, как и балтийские и славянские на
            <mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><c>-mo-</c></mentioned>, имеют нередко
          значение пассивных причастий: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>hauma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>soma-</w>
            <gloss>название напитка, добываемого из растения путем выжимания</gloss>, <note type="comment">от корня <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hu-</w>, <w>sa-</w>
                <gloss><q>выжимать</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, т. е. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">выжимаемое</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣāma-</w>
            <gloss><q>обугленный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>спаленный</q></gloss></mentioned> от
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣā-</w>
            <gloss><q>гореть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>vẽžamas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>vezomъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>везомый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>несомый</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>чтимый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>видимый</w></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 232</biblScope></bibl>). Стало быть,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned>, ос.
            <oRef>sum</oRef> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слышимое</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слышное</q>, <q>звук</q>, <q>шум</q>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱleu-</w></mentioned>- обильно представлена в индоевропейских языках
          (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>605—607</biblScope></bibl>). Приведем только несколько семантически более
          близких фактов: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarāyīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>петь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarāyīš</w>
            <gloss><q>пение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разговор</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>беседа</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sraoθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>пение (гат)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sravah-</w>
            <gloss><q>слово</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>slovo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><w>slava</w></mentioned>; особенно же
          германские формы, восходящие к пассивному причастию <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱluto-</w></mentioned>, — <mentioned xml:lang="ofs" extralang="ang osx"><lang/>
            <w>hlūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>loud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>laut</w>
            <gloss><q>громкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шумный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>hlūtī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>lūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Laut</w>
            <gloss><q>звук</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>голос</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возникшее в
          результате семантической поляризации значение <q>молчание</q> также сближает осетинский с
          германскими: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>hljōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>ljud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
            <w>ljod</w>
            <gloss><q>молчание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тишина</q></gloss></mentioned>. — От
            <oRef>sym</oRef> | <oRef>sum</oRef>
          <gloss><q>звук</q></gloss> следует отделять звукоподражательное <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sym-sym</w>
            <gloss><q>сопение</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
                <biblScope>§ 149, стр. 93</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Из
          скифо-сарматского идет, по-видимому, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>šumъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>шум</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Данные осетинского языка приводят к выводу,
            что иран. <c>s</c> и <c>š</c> уже в сарматском совпали в один сибилянт, имевший, во
            всяком случае в некоторых наречиях, шипящее произношение. В пользу этого говорят
            некоторые старые заимствования из осетинского в другие языки, например ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/> → <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>šavi</w>
              <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Такое же соотношение ос. <oRef>sum</oRef> →
              <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>šumъ</w></mentioned>.</note> — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyp-syp"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Going back regularly to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">sraw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w>ḱleu-</w>
            <gloss><q>hear</q></gloss>, middle <gloss><q>be heard</q></gloss></mentioned>; <c>s</c>
          is from <c>sr</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
            <gloss><q>hip</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sy</w>
            <gloss><q>horn</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="ine">sru-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syg_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">asruka-</w></mentioned> etc.; the diphthong <c>au</c> before the nasal
          is narrowed and gives <c>y</c> | <c>u</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
            <gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">x˳ym(ællæg)</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xum(ællæg)</w>
            <gloss><q>hop</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">hauma(aryaka-)</w></mentioned> etc. Aryan deverbal derivations with
            <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>-ma-</c></mentioned>, as well as Baltic and Slavic ones
          with <mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><c>-mo-</c></mentioned>, often have the
          meaning of passive participles: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
            <w>hauma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>soma-</w>
            <gloss>the name of a drink extracted from a plant by squeezing</gloss>, <note type="comment">from the root <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hu-</w>, <w>sa-</w>
                <gloss><q>squeeze</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, i.e. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">squeezed</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣāma-</w>
            <gloss><q>charred</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burned</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣā-</w>
            <gloss><q>burn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>vẽžamas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>vezomъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>vezomyj</w>
            <gloss><q>carried</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>nesomyj</w>
            <gloss><q>brought</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>čtimyj</w>
            <gloss><q>respected</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vidimyj</w>
            <gloss><q>visible</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
            <biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 232</biblScope></bibl>). Therefore,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned>, Ossetic
            <oRef>sum</oRef> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">heard</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">audible</q>, <q>sound</q>, <q>noise</q>. The base
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱleu-</w></mentioned>- is abundantly represented in the
          Indo-European languages (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>605—607</biblScope></bibl>). We will mention only a few semantically closer
          facts: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarāyīdan</w>
            <gloss><q>sing</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarāyīš</w>
            <gloss><q>singing</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>talk</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>conversation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>sraoθra-</w>
            <gloss><q>singing (gat)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sravah-</w>
            <gloss><q>word</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>slovo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><w>slava</w></mentioned>; especially
          the Germanic forms, going back to passive participles, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱluto-</w></mentioned>, — <mentioned xml:lang="ofs" extralang="ang osx"><lang/>
            <w>hlūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>loud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>laut</w>
            <gloss><q>loud</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>noisy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
            <w>hlūtī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
            <w>lūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Laut</w>
            <gloss><q>sound</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>voice</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning
            <q>silence</q> resulting from semantic polarization also brings Ossetic closer to
          Germanic: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>hljōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>ljud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
            <w>ljod</w>
            <gloss><q>silence</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quietness</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
            <oRef>sym</oRef> | <oRef>sum</oRef>
          <gloss><q>sound</q></gloss> should be separated from onomatopoeic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sym-sym</w>
            <gloss><q>sniffle</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
                <biblScope xml:lang="en">§ 149, p. 93</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. —
          Apparently, Scythian-Sarmatian is the source of <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>šumъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>šum</w>
            <gloss><q>noise</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The Ossetic data lead to
            the conclusion that Iranian <c>s</c> and <c>š</c> converged into a single sibilant
            already in Sarmatian, which, at least in some dialects, had a hissing pronunciation.
            This is supported by some old borrowings from Ossetic into other languages, for example,
            Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/> → <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
              <w>šavi</w>
              <gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned>. The same correspondence is found in Ossetic
              <oRef>sum</oRef> → <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>šumъ</w></mentioned>.</note> — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyp-syp"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>