<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k0yʒ</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_k0yʒ" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1548e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>k˳yʒ</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1548e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kuj</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1548e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>собака</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>dog</q>
                    </abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">мн. ч. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k˳itæ</hi> |
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kujtæ</hi></note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">plural <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k˳itæ</hi> |
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kujtæ</hi></note></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1548e86">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1548e88" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>k˳yʒæpparæn</orth></form>
                    <form xml:id="form_d1548e91" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kujgælʒæn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1548e94"><sense xml:id="sense_d1548e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>скала, с которой сбрасывали преступников</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>rock from which criminals were dumped</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1548e104"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>Тарпейская скала</q>
                            </abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, буквально „(откуда)
                                бросают собак“; форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> встречается и в дигорском (например,
                                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                                        69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘собачий
                                помет’)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, literally “(from
                                where) dogs are dumped”; the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> is attested in Digor as
                                well (for example, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/><biblScope>II 69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘dog's
                                litter’)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>Tarpean Rock</q>
                            </abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, буквально „(откуда)
                                бросают собак“; форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> встречается и в дигорском (например,
                                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
                                        69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘собачий
                                помет’)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, literally “(from
                                where) dogs are dumped”; the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ-</hi> is attested in Digor as
                                well (for example, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/><biblScope>II 69</biblScope></bibl>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒi læxæ</hi> ‘dog's
                                litter’)</note></sense></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1548e139">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e141">
                        <quote>k˳yʒ k˳ʼylyxæj næ mæly</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>собака от хромоты не умирает</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the dog does not die of limping</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            212</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e160" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>ku ærxæccæ uj æ cawæjnon kuj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>прибегает его охотничья собака</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>his hunting dog comes running</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1548e182" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>kujgælzæn kʼæxæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Тарпейская скала</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Tarpean Rock</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1934 III-IV
                                81</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuti</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ti</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒ</hi>, как
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vinsati</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yssæʒ"/> и др.)<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>. Восточноиранское слово, имеющее также широкое
                    распространение в восточной Европе. На иранской почве: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e409" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e213" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>kud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e414" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e218" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼod</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e419" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e223" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>kuδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e425" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e229" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kəδ, köδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e430" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e234" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kud, kut</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e435" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e239" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kūti(’kwty)</w></mentioned>. В <hi rendition="#rend_bold">персидские%b и %bкурдские</hi> диалекты
                    (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūyā</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuva</hi> и пр. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр. 112, 153, Bd. IV, стр.
                            215</biblScope></bibl>) проникло, вероятно, с востока. — Есть
                    основания предполагать слово в скифско-сарматском; <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифское</hi> имя <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e445" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e249" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>Κουζαΐος</w></mentioned> сближается с осетинскими именами <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuʒa</hi>,
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">K˳yʒæg</hi>, образованными от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ</hi>. Древнеиранский, по-видимому, не знал этого
                    слова, там господствовала основа <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*span-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ḱun-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ḱwan-</hi>. — В
                    угро-финских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e450" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e254" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>kutya</w>
                        <gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e459" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e263" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kuti</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(перм.)</hi>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e464" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e268" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kəči</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(зыр.)</hi>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e273" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>kut’a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e278" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
                        <w>kut’s</w>
                        <gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. — В славянских: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e482" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e286" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>кутя, кутенок</w>
                        <gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e294" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
                        <w>kuče</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e496" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e300" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
                        <w>kuče</w>
                        <gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e504" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e308" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>kutsa</w>
                        <gloss><q>сука</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e512" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e316" xml:lang="lv"><w>kutsens</w>
                        <gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e518" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e322" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
                        <w>kutš</w>
                        <gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> на „детском“ языке, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e526" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e330" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>kücük</w>
                        <gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>II 1494</biblScope></bibl>), куда
                    тяготеют <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e539" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e343" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kučik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e544" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e348" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>kučak</w>
                        <gloss><q>щенок</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Считают, что слово получилось
                    из призывной клички, с которой обращаются к собакам (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kut-kut</hi>! <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč-kuč</hi>! и
                    т. п.). Вполне законно допускать и обратную возможность: призывная кличка есть
                    старое наименование собаки (в осетинском гусей кличут <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qaz-qaz</hi> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaz"/> ‘гусь’). См.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/><biblScope>636—637</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><biblScope>Н. Schuchardt. Baskisch und Hamitisch, стр.
                            23</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>I 515</biblScope></bibl>. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e566" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e370" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-k˳əǯma</w>
                        <gloss><q>волк</q></gloss></mentioned> — эвфемизм („не-собака“)? — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æg0yʒæg"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 67</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>.—
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>57, 171, 197, 200, 214, 223,
                            312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuti</hi> regularly (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ti</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒ</hi>,
                    as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vinsati</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yssæʒ"/> etc.).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> An East Iranian word, which is
                    also widespread in the Eastern Europe. Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e409" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>kud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e218" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e414" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>kʼod</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e223" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e419" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
                        <w>kuδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e229" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e425" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kəδ, köδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e234" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e430" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kud, kut</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e239" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e435" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>*kūti(’kwty)</w></mentioned>. It probably entered <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Persian</hi> and
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Kurdish</hi> dialects (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūyā</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuva</hi> etc. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd.
                            I, p. 112, 153, Bd. IV, p. 215</biblScope></bibl>) from the east. —
                    There are reasons to suggest that this word was in Skythian-Sarmatian; a
                    <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Skythian</hi> name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e249" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e445" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
                        <w>Κουζαΐος</w></mentioned> is close to Ossetic names <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuʒa</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">K˳yʒæg</hi>,
                    derived from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuʒ</hi>. Apparently Old Iranian did not know this word, the stem
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*span-</hi>, Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ḱun-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ḱwan-</hi> prevailed. — In Finno-Ugric
                    languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e254" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e450" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
                        <w>kutya</w>
                        <gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e263" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e459" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kuti</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(перм.)</hi>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e268" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e464" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
                        <w>kəči</w></mentioned><hi rendition="#rend_bold">(зыр.)</hi>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e273" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e469" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
                        <w>kut’a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e278" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e474" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
                        <w>kut’s</w>
                        <gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — In Slavic languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e286" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e482" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>kutja, kutënok</w>
                        <gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e294" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e490" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
                        <w>kuče</w></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e496" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
                        <w>kuče</w>
                        <gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e308" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e504" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
                        <w>kutsa</w>
                        <gloss><q>bitch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e512" xml:lang="lv"><w>kutsens</w>
                        <gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e322" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e518" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
                        <w>kutš</w>
                        <gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> in “children's” language, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e330" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e526" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
                        <w>kücük</w>
                        <gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>II 1494</biblScope></bibl>), to which
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e343" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e539" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kučik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e348" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e544" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>kučak</w>
                        <gloss><q>puppy</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. are drawn. It is considered
                    that the word was derived from a calling name for dogs (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kut-kut</hi>!
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč-kuč</hi>! etc.). It may also be the other way around: the calling name is an
                    old name of a dog (in Ossetic the geese are called <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qaz-qaz</hi> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaz"/> ‘goose’). See: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Berneker"/><biblScope>636—637</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><biblScope>Н. Schuchardt. Baskisch und Hamitisch, p.
                            23</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/><biblScope>I 515</biblScope></bibl>. — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1548e370" xml:id="mentioned_d1548e566" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-k˳əǯma</w>
                        <gloss><q>wolf</q></gloss></mentioned> — euphemism (“not-dog”)? — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æg0yʒæg"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 67</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>.—
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>57, 171, 197, 200, 214, 223,
                            312</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1548e600" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
                        <w>kuti</w>
                        <gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Turner.
                            Nepali dictionary</biblScope></bibl>); из иранского?</note>
                <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1548e614" xml:lang="ne"><lang/>
                        <w>kuti</w>
                        <gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Turner.
                            Nepali dictionary</biblScope></bibl>); from Iranian?</note>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>