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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_xæs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T223829+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d1267e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæs</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ixæs</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1267e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>долг</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>debt</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>обязанность</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>obligation</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæsǵyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">должник</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">debtor</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>обязанный</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>obliged</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xaes īsyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">брать в долг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">take a loan</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæs fīdyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">платить долг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pay out a loan</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xæs daryn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">быть в долгу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be in debt</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>baxæs kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обязать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oblige</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz ʒyllæjæ kʼadtær k˳y darin, k˳y bafīdin
              īsk˳y mæ xæs…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если бы я меньше был должен народу, если бы я
                когда-нибудь выплатил свой долг…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if I was less indebted to the people, if I had
                ever paid out my debt…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr mærdty ’ǧdawæj je <oRef>xæstæ</oRef>
              fīdʒæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь он (вор в загробном мире) по закону
                мертвых будет расплачиваться за долги </q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now he (a thief in the afterlife), according to
                the law of the dead, will pay out his debts</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæj <oRef/> daryn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я у тебя в долгу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am indebted to you</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axmæt jæ <oRef/> je ’mǧ˳ydmæ bafysta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахмат в срок выплатил свой долг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhmat paid out his debt in time</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">symax fenyn myn <oRef/> wydī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">повидать вас было моим долгом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seeing you was my obligation</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zazajæn jæ ūs tyxæj xast wyd jæ mæg˳yr fydæj
                <oRef>xæsy</oRef> nyxmæ, irædy fiddon dær ʒy næ wyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жена Заза была насильно взята у ее бедняка отца
                в счет долга, (так что) за нее не пришлось даже платить калым</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza’s wife was forcibly taken from her poor
                father in payment for debt, (so that) it was not even needed to pay the bride-price
                for her</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Засвидетельствована более архаичная форма <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsn"><w>xæsn</w> | <w>xæsnæ</w></ref>, сюда же <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsnag"><w>xæsnag</w>
            <gloss><q>пари</q></gloss></ref>. Эти формы закономерно возводятся к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(wi-)karšna-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>karš-</w>
            <gloss><q>нести</q></gloss></mentioned>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"/>. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Долг</q> осмысляется как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ноша</q>. Ср. такие <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang>русские</lang> выражения как <phr><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><emph>нести</emph> обязанность</q></phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><phr><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><emph>нести</emph>
            службу</q></phr></mentioned>, или использование в <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang>немецком</lang> глагола <w>tragen</w>
            <gloss><q>нести</q></gloss></mentioned> в таких словах как <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Auftrag</w>
            <gloss><q>поручение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Vertrag</w>
            <gloss><q>договор</q></gloss></mentioned>, или <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>contractus</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>traho</w>
            <gloss><q>тащить</q></gloss></mentioned>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"/>;
          ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsnag"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">A more archaic form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsn"><w>xæsn</w> |
              <w>xæsnæ</w></ref> is also attested, as well as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsnag"><w>xæsnag</w>
            <gloss><q>wager</q></gloss></ref>. These forms are regularly derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(wi-)karšna-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>karš-</w>
            <gloss><q>carry</q></gloss></mentioned>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"/>.
          The <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">debt</q> is interpreted as a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">load</q>. Cf. such <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            expressions as <phr><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><emph>carry</emph> an
                obligation</q></phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><phr><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><emph>carry out</emph> a
            service</q></phr></mentioned>, or the <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang>German</lang> use
            of the verb <w>tragen</w>
            <gloss><q>carry</q></gloss></mentioned> in such words as <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Auftrag</w>
            <gloss><q>assignment, mission</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Vertrag</w>
            <gloss><q>contract</q></gloss></mentioned>, or <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>contractus</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>traho</w>
            <gloss><q>drag</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"/>;
          cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæsnag"/>.</etym>
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