<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tærs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tærs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T124902+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d5245e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tærs</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tærsæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5245e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>бук</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>beech</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, <q>Fagus silvatica</q> и <q>Fagus
              orientalis</q></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, <q>Fagus silvatica</q> and <q>Fagus
              orientalis</q></note>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>чинар</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Oriental plane</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tærs<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas">bælas</ref></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
            <def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tærs<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">буковый лес</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beech forest</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>буковая древесина</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>beech wood</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bærzond <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælæstæ…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">высокие буки…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">high beech trees…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1958 III 23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stavd <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælasy
              bynʒæfxad…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пень толстого бука</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stump of a thick beech</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1957 VI 36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pælæxsar <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælæstæ bærzond
              fæcydysty</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">развесистые буки устремились ввысь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wide-branching beech trees are
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115316+0300" comment="устремились ввысь"?>stretching
                upward<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iron x˳yjy myggag æncon daræn: særd sæ xyztoj
              særvæty, fæzzæg ta — <oRef>tærsæj</oRef> nard</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осетинскую породу свиней легко содержать: летом
                их пасли на выгоне, осенью же они жирели от буковых орешков</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115353+0300" comment="здесь же не Ossetic?"?>Ossetian<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                breed of pigs is easy to keep: in the summer they grazed on pasture, in the fall
                they grew fat from beech nuts</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1962 X 68</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dyrǧbælæstæ ʒy næj, zajy ʒy
              <oRef>tærs</oRef>, zaz, naz, færv æmæ ændærtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">фруктовых деревьев там нет, растут там бук,
                негной, ель, ольха и другие (деревья)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are no fruit trees there,
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115511+0300" comment="так ок же?"?>there
                grow<?oxy_comment_end ?> beech, yew, spruce, alder and other (trees)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><title>Ræstʒīnad</title>
              <biblScope>25 IV 1968</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælasy cʼar væjjy
              ūrsbyn cʼæx æmæ læǧzgomaw</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кора старого бука бывает светло-серой и
                гладкой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bark of an old beech
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115709+0300" comment="бывает"?>can
                be<?oxy_comment_end ?> light gray and smooth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1967 IV 77</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr <oRef>tærs</oRef>bælas æd wīdægtæ
              ʽsræmyǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большой бук он вырвал с корнями</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he uprooted a large beech tree</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ræsuǧd <oRef>tærsæ</oRef> bælasi buni je
              ʽxsævewat ærkodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под красивым буком он расположился на
                ночлег</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">under a beautiful beech, he settled down for
                the night</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tærsæ</oRef> ǧædæj urunduqbæl æncad æxe
              ærwaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он медленно опустился на кровать букового
                дерева</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he slowly sank down on the beechwood bed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
              <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nirrezioncæ <oRef>tærsæ</oRef> bælæstæ sæ
              toppi ǧæræj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">буковые деревья дрожали от их ружейной
                пальбы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the beech trees trembled from their gunfire</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>109</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæzzæg…, stavd <oRef>tærsitæn</oRef> sæ zad
              tillæg sæ bunmæ ku æræǧzæluj…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осенью, когда с толстых буков осыпается вниз
                обильный урожай (орешков)…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in autumn, when a plentiful harvest (of nuts)
                falls down from thick beech trees…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1956 VII 50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšu-</w></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšta-</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в последнем случае с утратой <c>-t</c>: <w type="rec">tṛšta-</w> → <w type="rec">tærst</w> → <oRef>tærs</oRef>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsar6t9"><w>xsar</w></ref> и др.)</note></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tṛṣṭa-</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>taršu-</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в противоположность <q>жидкому</q>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>taš</w>
            <gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>bʼrg tš</w>
            <gloss><q>а firm wall</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>1941 IX 88</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Идеосемантика
            <q>твердый</q>, <q>крепкий</q> — <q>дерево</q> поддерживается многими примерами. Так,
          индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">dereu</w></mentioned> дала, с одной стороны, слова со значением
            <q>твердый</q>, <q>крепкий</q>, <q>здоровый</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>drva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dhruva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>sъ-drav-</w></mentioned> и пр.; с другой — <q>дерево</q>, <q>дрова</q>,
          <q>бревно</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dāru-</w>, <w>dru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dāru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>drěvo</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><author>Osthoff</author>. <title>Etymologische
              Parerga, I</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1901</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              98, 119 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Linguistics
              Today</title>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl> —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 450 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>214–217</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>diraxt</w>
            <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                <w type="rec">draxta-</w>
                <gloss><q>крепко стоящий</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">прош.
                  причастие от <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                    <w>drang-</w>
                    <gloss><q>укреплять</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned></note></mentioned>.
          Не исключено, что ос. <oRef>tærs</oRef> (из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛsto-</w></mentioned>) и <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>trъstъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>трость</w><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">tṛsti-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>
          имеют общую индоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)ter-</w>
            <gloss><q>бьет твердым, крепким</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1022–1027</biblScope></bibl>). Мало вероятна связь осетинского слова с
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>talāśā-</w>, <w>tālīṣa-</w>
            <gloss>названия некоторых деревьев</gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(об этих словах: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
                <biblScope>I 488, 499</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšu-</w></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛšta-</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hard</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in the latter case with the
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T115917+0300" comment="?"?>loss<?oxy_comment_end ?>
              of <c>-t</c>: <w type="rec">tṛšta-</w> → <w type="rec">tærst</w> → <oRef>tærs</oRef>,
              as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsar6t9"><w>xsar</w></ref> etc.)</note></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tṛṣṭa-</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>taršu-</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(as opposed to
            <q>liquid</q>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>taš</w>
            <gloss><q>solid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>firm</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><w>bʼrg tš</w>
            <gloss><q>a firm wall</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/><biblScope>1941 IX 88</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ideosemantics
            <q>solid</q>, <q>firm</q> — <q>tree</q> is supported by many examples. For example,
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120127+0300" comment="так ок? поменяла в англ немного структуру"?><note type="comment">base</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <w type="rec">dereu</w></mentioned>
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120152+0300" comment="?"?>gave<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
          on the one hand, words with the meaning <q>solid</q>, <q>firm</q>,
            <q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120223+0300" comment="здоровый"?>strong<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>:
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>drva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dhruva-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>sъ-drav-</w></mentioned> etc.; on the other hand — <q>tree</q>, <q>firewood</q>,
            <q>log</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>dāru-</w>, <w>dru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dāru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>drěvo</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><author>Osthoff</author>. <title>Etymologische
              Parerga, I</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1901</date>, <biblScope>p. 98,
              119 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Linguistics
              Today</title>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p. 138 sq.</biblScope></bibl> —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 450 sq.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>214–217</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>diraxt</w>
            <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                <w type="rec">draxta-</w>
                <gloss><q>firmly standing</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a past
                  participle of <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                    <w>drang-</w>
                    <gloss><q>strengthen</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned></note></mentioned>.
          It is possible that Ossetic <oRef>tærs</oRef> (from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tṛsto-</w></mentioned>) and <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>trъstъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>trost'</w><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">tṛsti-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> have a common Indo-European
          base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)ter-</w>
            <gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T120524+0300" comment="бьет твердым, крепким??"?>hit
                with something hard, strong<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned> etc.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1022–1027</biblScope></bibl>). It is unlikely that the Ossetic word is
          connected with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>talāśā-</w>, <w>tālīṣa-</w>
            <gloss>some tree names</gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(about these words see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
                <biblScope>I 488, 499</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>