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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaman</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_zaman" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3110e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zaman</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒaman</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3110e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>время</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>time</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>пора</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>period</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>эпоха</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>epoch</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>эра</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>era</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_afon"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_afon"/></note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>fydælty zamany</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">во времена
                предков</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">at the time of
                the ancestors</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>raǵy zamany</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в давние времена</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in ancient times</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>в старину</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>in old times</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
          <note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>171</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Рядом с <oRef>zaman</oRef> употребительная форма <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zamana"/>, но с другим значением: <q>беда</q>, <q>напасть</q>,
            <q>несчастье</q> (см. ниже)</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">.
          <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230606T213129+0300" comment="??"?>Similar<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          to <oRef>zaman</oRef>, the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zamana"/> is commonly used,
          but with a different meaning: <q>trouble</q>,
            <q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230606T213259+0300" comment="?? напасть"?>adversity<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>,
            <q>misfortune</q> (see below)</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyd az, fyd <oRef>zaman</oRef>
              nylyskodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нас постиг дурной год, дурная пора</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a bad year has befallen us, a bad time</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur sijivtoncæ <oRef>ʒamantæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь переменились времена</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now times have changed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ <oRef>ʒaman</oRef> æj nur ændær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наша эпоха теперь иная</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our era is different now</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ragon <oRef>ʒaman</oRef> adtæj beræǧi
                <oRef>ʒaman</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старое время было волчье время</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old time was the
                <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230606T213440+0300" comment="???"?>wolf<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                time</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1949 II 48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Семитско-иранское слово (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
            <biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>): <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zamān</w> (<w>zmʼn</w>)</mentioned>, далее <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>529</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>zamæ(n)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="rut"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>zäman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-zaman</w></mentioned>. В осетинский вошло, возможно, через тюркское
              посредство.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Semitic-Iranian word (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/>
            <biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>): <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w>zamān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">zamān</w> (<w>zmʼn</w>)</mentioned>, further <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
                <biblScope>529</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>zamæ(n)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx" extralang="rut"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
            <w>zäman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
            <w>zaman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
            <w>a-zaman</w></mentioned>. It may have entered Ossetic via
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230606T213612+0300" comment="??"?>Turkic<?oxy_comment_end ?>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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