<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_kalm" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1345e66" type="lemma"><orth>kalm</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1345e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>змея</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>snake</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>червь</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>worm</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1345e89">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e91">
                        <quote>kalm jæ særæj mardæ ū</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>змею убивают в голову</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the snake is killed in the head</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
                            210</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e110">
                        <quote>kalmaw myn mæ rīw sūʒgæ bawwyldta mast</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>как змея, источило мне грудь жгучее горе</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>burning grief ate into my chest like a snake</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское слово, означавшее ‘червь’, др.иран.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. Значение ‘червь’ не чуждо и осетинскому; об этом
                    говорит аблаутный вариант этого же слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/>
                    ‘червивый’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘очервивел’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘изъеденный червями’; ср.
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘червь’. Переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> под влиянием <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>
                    (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> и др. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e140" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e290" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e146" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e295" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e151" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e156" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
                        <w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e161" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e310" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e166" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e315" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e171" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e177" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e326" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e182" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e335" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e191" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e196" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e201" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e207" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kṛmī-</w>
                        <gloss><q>червь</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e359" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e215" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e364" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e220" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
                        <w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e225" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>aca-karm</w>
                        <gloss><q>удав</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e381" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e237" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w n="0">чрьвь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e244" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>червь</w></mentioned>) содержит, по-видимому, тот же корень, но с другим
                    формантом и относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> так же, как, скажем, лат.
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> к ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e394" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e251" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
                        <w>чермень</w></mentioned> рядом с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘красный цвет’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
                            111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European word, which means ‘worm’, Old Iranian
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. In Ossetic the meaning ‘worm’ existed as
                    well; it is proved by the ablaut variant of this word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/> ‘wormy’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘become worm-eaten’),
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘worm-eaten’; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘worm’. The transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> is
                    under the influence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Old
                    Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ←
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> etc. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e140" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e284" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e146" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e290" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e151" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e295" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e156" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e300" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
                        <w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e161" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e305" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e166" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e310" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
                        <w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e171" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e315" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
                        <w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e177" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e321" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
                        <w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e182" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e326" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
                        <w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e191" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e335" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e196" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e340" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
                        <w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e201" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e345" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                        <w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e207" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e351" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>kṛmī-</w>
                        <gloss><q>worm</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e359" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
                        <w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e220" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e364" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
                        <w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e225" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e369" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
                        <w>aca-karm</w>
                        <gloss><q>boa</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e237" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e381" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
                        <w>črьvь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e244" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e387" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
                        <w>červʼ</w></mentioned>) apparently contains the same root, but with a
                    different formant, it is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> the same way
                    as, say, Latin <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; cf.
                    also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e394" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
                        <w>чермень</w></mentioned> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘red colour’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
                            111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>