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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wīlyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_wīlyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d73e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wilyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>wyld</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>welun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>wild</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>jelun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>jild</orth></form></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d73e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>взбрасывать (при игре в альчики, орлянку)</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>throw (during the bone game, the game of pitch-and-toss)</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>würfeln</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>würfeln</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>qūl awīlyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бросить альчик (при игре)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">throw a knucklebone (during the game)</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Изредка встречается и в других сочетаниях. По данным
          фольклора, игра в альчики (бабки) имеет у осетин давнюю традицию. В <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Нартовском</q> эпосе осетин есть эпизод, посвященный
          состязанию в этой игре между Нартом Сосланом и его врагом Елтаганом. Игра носит характер
          волшебства. От броска Сослана возникает куча проса. От броска его противника — куры с
          цыплятами, которые быстро поклевали все просо. Далее появляется с одной стороны кабан, с
          другой — три борзых, которые раздирают кабана. Далее у одного — три голубя, у другого —
          три ястреба, которые ловят голубей..</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Seldom occurs also in the other expressions. According
          to folklore, the bone game have a long tradition among the Ossetians. In <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Nart</q> sagas of the Ossetians there is an episode
          dedicated to the competition in this game between Nart Soslan and his enemy Eltagan. The
          play is in the nature magical. From the Soslan's throw a heap of millet occured. From the
          throw of his enemy emerged chickens with chicks, which fastly pecked all the millet. Later
          appears, on one side, a boar, on the other — three greyhounds, which tear apart the boar.
          Later one creates three pigeons, another — three hawks, which catch the pigeons..</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>awyldta</oRef> Eltaǧan, æmæ ærtæ æxsīn
              æǵy jæ qūlæj ataxt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бросил Елтаган, и три голубя вылетели из его
                альчика</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Eltagan threw [knucklebones], and three pigeons
                flew away from his knucklebone</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qūltæ ærtæ xatty <oRef>’swīlʒystæm</oRef>,
              æmæ ḱī rambūla, ūj wyʒæn padcax</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">трижды кинем альчики, и кто выиграет, тот
                станет царем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">three times we'll throw knucklebones, and the
                one who'll win, that one will become a king</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 97</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawǵyn... wyǵy badt kodta, bonnymajæn
              færdg˳ytæ <oRef>rawīl-bawīl</oRef> kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поп сидел, как сыч, перебрасывая туда-сюда бусы
                четок</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a priest sat, as an owl, tossing back and forth
                prayer beads</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>88</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kud sæ fænduj, otæ <oRef>jelæntæ</oRef> sæ
              ǧolæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть бросают свой альчик, как хотят</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let [they] throw their knucklebone as they
                will</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_LQ"/>
              <biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>) сопоставлял с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vellati</w>
            <gloss><q>шатать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>колебать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но это слово
          относится к поздней лексике санскрита и не может быть репрезентантом общеарийского
          состояния (<bibl><author>Tedesko</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JAOS"/>
            <date>1949</date>
            <biblScope>LXIX 104 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 262</biblScope></bibl>). К тому же фонема <c>l</c> имеет в осетинском и
          санскрите совсем разную историю и прямое их отождествление в этимологическом плане было бы
          ошибкой. Ос. <oRef/> восходит, скорее всего, к <w type="rec">warya-</w> (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"/> к <w type="rec">samya-</w> и т. п.), имея в виду иран.
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">var-</w></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wel-</w>
            <gloss><q>вертеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <gloss><q>катать</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>валять</q></gloss> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1140—1144</biblScope></bibl>). В этом случае ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>bīr-</w> из (<w type="rec">warya-</w>, а не <w type="rec">barya-</w>)
                <gloss><q>кидать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>var-</w>
            <gloss><q>вертеть</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
            <biblScope>1362 сл.</biblScope></bibl>) и многочисленные европейские параллели, в том
          числе <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>валять</w></mentioned> и другие славянские факты (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 165— 166</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>volióti</w>
            <gloss><q>катать туда-сюда</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>II 1273</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>volvo</w>, <w>volvere</w>
            <gloss><q>катать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вращать</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
            <biblScope>1132—1133</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>gelum</w>
            <gloss><q>крутить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вращать</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>). — На иранской почве
              <bibl><author>Morgensterne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>I 42</biblScope>)</bibl> сопоставлял еще <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>γēl-</w>
            <gloss><q>to roll</q></gloss></mentioned>. В сращении с превербом <m>ham-</m> (<w type="rec">ham-warya-</w>) имеем ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwīlyn"><w>æwwīlyn</w>
            <gloss><q>жевать</q></gloss></ref> из <w>æm-wīlyn</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>216</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 158</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>) compared it with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vellati</w>
            <gloss><q>sway</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>shake</q></gloss></mentioned>. But this word
          belongs to the late vocabulary of Sanskrit and cannot be a representant of common Aryan
          condition (<bibl><author>Tedesko</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JAOS"/>
            <date>1949</date>
            <biblScope>LXIX 104 ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 262</biblScope></bibl>). In addition, the phoneme <c>l</c> has in Ossetic
          and in Sanskrit a very different history and direct identification of these words in terms
          of etymology would be a mistake. Ossetic <oRef/> goes back, most likely, to <w type="rec">warya-</w> (as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"/> to <w type="rec">samya-</w> and
          so on), concerning Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">var-</w></mentioned>,
          Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wel-</w>
            <gloss><q>twirl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <gloss><q>roll</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>drag</q></gloss> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>1140—1144</biblScope></bibl>). In this case cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>bīr-</w> from (<w type="rec">warya-</w>, but not from <w type="rec">barya-</w>)
                <gloss><q>throw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>var-</w>
            <gloss><q>twirl</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
            <biblScope>1362 ff.</biblScope></bibl>) and numerous European parallels, including
            <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>valjat'</w></mentioned> and the other Slavic facts (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 165— 166</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>volióti</w>
            <gloss><q>roll back and forth</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>II 1273</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>volvo</w>, <w>volvere</w>
            <gloss><q>roll</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
            <biblScope>1132—1133</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>gelum</w>
            <gloss><q>twirl</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>). — On the Iranian base
              <bibl><author>Morgensterne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>I 42</biblScope>)</bibl> compared the word also with <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>γēl-</w>
            <gloss><q>to roll</q></gloss></mentioned>. Because of fusion with the preverb
            <m>ham-</m> (<w type="rec">ham-warya-</w>) we have Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwīlyn"><w>æwwīlyn</w>
            <gloss><q>chew</q></gloss></ref>, from <w>æm-wīlyn</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>216</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
      </entry>
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