<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rong</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_rong" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3251e66" type="lemma"><orth>rong</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3251e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>хмельной напиток, приготовляемый из меда</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>intoxicating drink made from honey</q>
          </abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Güldenstädt"/>
              <biblScope>II 540</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ossetisch
                <w>rung</w>
              <q>Meth</q></q>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Güldenstädt"/>
              <biblScope>II 540</biblScope></bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ossetisch
                <w>rung</w>
              <q>Meth</q></q>)</note></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. В настоящее время вышел из употребления, но в эпосе
          постоянно упоминается как излюбленный напиток героев Нартов. В этом случае, как и в
          других, эпос сохраняет память о весьма древних реалиях. Нет сомнения, что как название
          ронга, так и его употребление восходит к глубокой старине. Нужный для приготовления ронга
          мед предки осетин частью добывали сами (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w>myd</w>
            <gloss><q>мед</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævz-"><w type="rec">ævz-</w>
            <gloss><q>пчела</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Anægol"><w>Anigol</w>
            <gloss><q>бог-покровитель пчеловодства</q></gloss></ref>), частью получали в обмен у
          северных соседей.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Вероятно, за мехами, а также за другими продуктами, в первую очередь за медом и
              воском, приходили скифы в Прикамье</q> (<bibl><title>История СССР</title>
              <biblScope>I 387</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Как видно из эпических текстов, качество
          ронга зависело прежде всего от успешного брожения (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænqīzyn"/>)</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Currently out of use, but in the epic it is constantly
          mentioned as a favourite drink of the Nart heroes. In this case, as in others, the epic
          preserves the memory of very ancient realities. There is no doubt that both the name of
          the rong and its use date back to ancient times. The ancestors of the Ossetians partly
          extracted the honey necessary for making <oRef>rong</oRef> themselves (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w>myd</w>
            <gloss><q>honey</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævz-"><w type="rec">ævz-</w>
            <gloss><q>bee</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Anægol"><w>Anigol</w>
            <gloss><q>patron god of beekeeping</q></gloss></ref>), and partly received it in
          exchange from the northern neighbours.<note type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Probably, the Scythians came to the Kama region for
              furs, as well as for other products, primarily for honey and wax</q>
                (<bibl><title>Istorija SSSR</title> [History of the USSR]
              <biblScope>I 387</biblScope></bibl>).</note> As can be seen from the epic texts, the
          quality of the rong depended primarily on successful fermentation (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænqīzyn"/>)</note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d3251e176">
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e178">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Eldæ rongyl) æntwan k˳y nykkodta, wæd næ
              sænqyztī…; «mæ <oRef>rong</oRef> nal ænqīzy, de ʽvsymær mæ marʒæn»… Satana ændær
              ænqīzæn bantydta æmæ <oRef>rong</oRef> sænqīzyn kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда (Эльда) положила (в ронг) закваску, он не
                стал бродить…; «мой ронг не бродит, и твой брат убьет меня (за это)»… Шатана
                заквасила другую закваску и заставила ронг бродить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220401T204924+0300" comment="это не перевод а ужас"?>when<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                (Elda) put barm (in the rong), it did not ferment…; <q>my rong does not ferment and
                  your brother will kill me (because of it)</q>… Satana prepared other barm and
                made the rong ferment</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e210">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz dyson bantydton <oRef>ronǵy</oRef> gærztæ;
              æppyndær myn ne ʽnqyztysty, æmæ æz dær nyccydtæn dalæ dællag næ xīcæwttæm æmæ ūrdygæj
              ysxaston æntwan; he ūcy æntwanæj k˳yddær fæqæstæ sty, aftæ ænqīzyn bajdydtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я вчера заквасила кадки ронга, (но) они у меня
                совсем не бродили, и я пошла к нижним нашим хозяевам и оттуда принесла закваску; как
                только я подмешала этой закваски, они стали бродить</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">yesterday I fermented tubs of rong, (but) they
                didn’t ferment at all, and I went to our
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220401T205024+0300" comment="?"?>lower<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                hosts and brought barm from there; as soon as I added this barm, they began to
                ferment</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e239">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sīsta īw syzǧærīn nywazæn æmæ jæ bajʒag kænyn
              kodta <oRef>rongæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он достал один золотой кубок и велел наполнить
                его ронгом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he took out one golden goblet and ordered to
                fill it with rong</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e263">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæss syn sæ razmæ ʽrtæ mydamæsty æmæ īw
                <oRef>ronǵy</oRef> dūryn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">понеси им навстречу три медовые лепешки и один
                кувшин ронга</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">take three honey cakes and one jar of rong to
                meet them.</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>I 101</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e288">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼūlbadæg ūs syn sæ astæw <oRef>ronǵy</oRef>
              dūryn nywwaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колдунья оставила у них посреди кувшин
                ронга</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sorceress left a jug of rong
                <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220401T205200+0300" comment="?"?>with
                them in the middle<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e317">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donyl <oRef>rong</oRef> awaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она влила в воду ронг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she poured rong into the water</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d3251e342">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældar xærd nwæzt ærxasta: <oRef>rong</oRef>
              dyʒy waǧd, cæxǵyn k˳yry fyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">алдар принес еду, питье: ронг двойного
                брожения, соленое мясо молодого бычка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aldar brought food and drink: double-fermented
                rong, salted meat of a young bull</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <re xml:id="re_d3251e369" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <form xml:id="form_d3251e371" type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>rongacaw</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3251e376"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">любитель ронга</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rong lover</q>
            </tr></sense>
          <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d3251e388">
            <example xml:id="example_d3251e390">
              <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævæʒi xwærdagor æma <oRef>rongacaw</oRef>
                ka ʽj, wæxæn woʒænæj</quote>
              <tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">должно быть, он из тех, кто любит поесть и
                  выпить</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he must be the type who likes to eat and
                  drink</q>
              </tr>
              <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
                <biblScope>II 71</biblScope></bibl>
            </example>
          </exampleGrp>
        </re>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e735" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e419" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">frān(a)ka-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e741" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e425" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">frāna-</w>
            <gloss><q>дух</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дыхание</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e751" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e435" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>firān</w>
            <gloss><q>запах</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e759" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e443" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>frān</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>βrʼn</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>дух</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дыхание</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e775" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e459" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>prāṇa-</w>
            <gloss><q>дыхание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дух</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жизненная
              сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e790" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e474" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>prāṇa-kara-</w>
            <gloss><q>дающий жизненную силу</q></gloss></mentioned>. Об <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e796" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e480" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>frə̄na-</w>
            <note type="bibl">см.: <bibl><author>Thieme</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <biblScope>1960 XXIII 271–272</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. —
            <oRef>Rong</oRef> означало, стало быть, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">духовитый
            (напиток)</q>. Ср. для идеосемантики <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e815" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e499" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>spiritus</w>
            <gloss><q>дух</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>спирт</q></gloss></mentioned>, точно так же
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e826" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e510" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Geist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e832" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e516" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>rūḥ</w>
            <gloss><q>дух</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>спирт</q></gloss></mentioned>. — С точки зрения
          звукового развития (<oRef>rong</oRef> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e845" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e529" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">frānaka-</w></mentioned>) ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fyng</w>
            <gloss><q>стол</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e855" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e539" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pinaka-</w></mentioned> или <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e859" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e543" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>δəng</w></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e865" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e549" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dānaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>зерно</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævrong"><w>ævrong</w>
            <gloss><q>трезвый</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e878" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e562" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">apa-frānaka-</w></mentioned>, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лишенный
              (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e884" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e568" xml:lang="ira"><w>apa-</w></mentioned>) хмеля (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e741" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e571" xml:lang="ira"><w>frāna-</w></mentioned>)</q>. — Из аланского заимствовано в некоторые языки
          Кавказа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e896" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e575" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>rang</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e901" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e580" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>rangi</w>
            <gloss><q>медовый напиток</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">в сосуд, где был
                мед, наливают воду и дают побродить; полученный напиток зовется
              <w>rangi</w></q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e916" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e596" xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>rangi</w>
            <gloss><q>хмельной напиток, приготовляемый из меда</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>медовое
                вино</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>VI 364</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
                <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e939" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e619" xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><lang/>
                <w>rangi</w>
                <gloss><q>taplis ǧvino</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Сванский и
          грузинский сохранили старую форму слова (<w>rang</w>), когда <c>ā</c> перед <c>n</c> еще
          не перешло в <c>o</c> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>). — По значению ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3251e642"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e963" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e643" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>may</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e968" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e648" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>maδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e973" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e653" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w>mδw</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                  <biblScope>258</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e986" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e666" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>mau</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Konow</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                  <biblScope>1949 XV 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>медовый хмельной напиток</q></gloss>, со временем
            <gloss><q>вино</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3251e687"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1008" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e688" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>maδu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1013" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e693" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>madhu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1018" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e698" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>medъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1023" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e703" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
              <w>медъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1028" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e708" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Met</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>медовый хмельной напиток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e1036" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e716" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέθυ</w>
            <gloss><q>вино</q></gloss></mentioned>. Эти соответствия не оставляют сомнения, что
          напиток, который осетины называют <oRef>rong</oRef>, уже пять тысяч лет назад был любимым
          хмельным напитком индоевропейцев.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>348–353</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Regularly traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e419" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e735" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">frān(a)ka-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e425" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e741" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">frāna-</w>
            <gloss><q>spirit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>breath</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e435" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e751" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>firān</w>
            <gloss><q>smell</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e443" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e759" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>frān</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>βrʼn</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>spirit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>breath</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e459" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e775" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>prāṇa-</w>
            <gloss><q>breath</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spirit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>life
              force</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e474" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e790" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>prāṇa-kara-</w>
            <gloss><q>giving the life force</q></gloss></mentioned>. About <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e480" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e796" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>frə̄na-</w>
            <note type="bibl">see <bibl><author>Thieme</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <biblScope>1960 XXIII 271–272</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. — Thus,
            <oRef>rong</oRef> meant <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">spirited (drink)</q>. Cf. for
          the ideosemantics <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e499" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e815" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>spiritus</w>
            <gloss><q>spirit</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>alcohol</q></gloss></mentioned>, and also
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e510" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e826" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
            <w>Geist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e516" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e832" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>rūḥ</w>
            <gloss><q>spirit</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>alcohol</q></gloss></mentioned>. — As for the
          sound development (<oRef>rong</oRef> is from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e529" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e845" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">frānaka-</w></mentioned>), cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fyng</w>
            <gloss><q>table</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e539" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e855" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pinaka-</w></mentioned> or <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e543" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e859" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>δəng</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e549" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e865" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dānaka-</w>
            <gloss><q>corn</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævrong"><w>ævrong</w>
            <gloss><q>sober</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e562" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e878" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">apa-frānaka-</w></mentioned>, literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">deprived
              (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e568" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e884" xml:lang="ira"><w>apa-</w></mentioned>) of drunkenness (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e425" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e887" xml:lang="ira"><w>frāna-</w></mentioned>)</q>. — Borrowed from
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220401T205711+0300" comment="?"?>Alanian<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          into some languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e575" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e896" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>rang</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e580" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e901" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
            <w>rangi</w>
            <gloss><q>honey drink</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">in a vessel where
                there was honey, water is poured and allowed to ferment; the resulting drink is
                called <w>rangi</w></q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e596" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e916" xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>rangi</w>
            <gloss><q>intoxicating drink made from honey</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>honey
              wine</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
                <biblScope>VI 364</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/>
                <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e619" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e939" xml:lang="ka-x-rachian"><lang/>
                <w>rangi</w>
                <gloss><q>taplis ǧvino</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Svan and
          Georgian retained the old form of the word (<w>rang</w>), when <c>ā</c> before <c>n</c>
          did not transformed into <c>o</c> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>). — As for the meaning, cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3251e962"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e643" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e963" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>may</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e648" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e968" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>maδ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e653" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e973" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
              <w>mδw</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
                  <biblScope>258</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e666" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e986" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>mau</w>
              <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Konow</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
                  <biblScope>1949 XV 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>intoxicating honey drink</q></gloss>, and with time
            <gloss><q>wine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1007"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e688" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1008" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>maδu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e693" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1013" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>madhu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e698" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1018" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>medъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e703" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1023" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
              <w>medъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e708" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1028" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Met</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>intoxicating honey drink</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3251e716" xml:id="mentioned_d3251e1036" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέθυ</w>
            <gloss><q>wine</q></gloss></mentioned>. These correspondences leave no doubt that the
          drink, which the Ossetians call <oRef>rong</oRef>, was already five thousand years ago the
          favourite intoxicating drink of the Indo-Europeans.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>348–353</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>