<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qærtun</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_qærtun" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2787e66" type="lemma"><orth>qærtun</orth><form xml:id="form_d2787e68" type="participle"><orth>qærtt</orth></form></form>
        <usg><lang/></usg>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d2787e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d2787e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>достигать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>reach</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2787e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>доставать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>get</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2787e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>хватить</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>suffice</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; по значению = <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2787e105" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxæssyn"/></note>, <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_fag"/>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>460</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; by the meaning = <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2787e132" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
            <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxxæssyn"/></note>, <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_fag"/>
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>460</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2787e157">
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e159">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧædæmæ sqærttæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они дошли до леса</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they reached the forest</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>1<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">6</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e185">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæd ku sqærttæncæ i Biaslantæ sæwmæ ragiaw
              Wazi fæjjawmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тогда Биаслановы добрались рано утром до
                пастуха Уаза</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then the Biaslanovs got to the shepherd of the
                Waz early in the morning</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e208">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">omæj ku bajevǧujaj, ewma osæmæ
              baqærtʒænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда минуешь ее, ты дойдешь еще до одной
                женщины</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when you pass her, you will reach another
                woman</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 108, 110, 112 passim</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e231">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ xæʒaræmæ ænxæst næma baqærttæncæ…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они не совсем еще дошли до своего дома</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they haven’t quite reached their home yet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e254">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">waldængi baqærttæj ew kʼæsibadæg
              osæmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тем временем он добрался до одной колдуньи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">meanwhile, he got to a witch</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>158</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e278">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">waldængi ku baqærtuncæ ustur tolʒæ bælasi
              bunmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тем временем они добираются до подножия
                большого дуба</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">meanwhile, they reach the foot of a large oak
                tree</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e301">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nad duwwæ kæmi kodta, ordæmæ
              niqqærttæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они достигли (того места), где дорога
                раздваивалась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they reached (the place) where the road
                forked</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>9<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">14</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e327">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">maxmæ ʒæbæxæj næbal ærqærtʒænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты уже не вернешься к нам невредимым</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you won’t come back to us unharmed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">9</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e353">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærba-sæmæ-qærttæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он прибыл к ним</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he came to them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e376">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ni-jjimæ-qærttæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он добрался до него</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he got to him</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e402">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæsugmæ raqærttæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он достиг башни</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he reached the tower</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>23<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e429">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbaqærtuj Digorgommæ æveppajdi fud
              xabar</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">внезапно достигает Дигорского ущелья недобрая
                весть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">suddenly, bad news reaches the Digor Gorge</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e452">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aci bændæn lasæg bæddunæn næ qærtuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">этой веревки не хватает, чтобы перевязать
                копну</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this rope is not enough to tie a mop</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d2787e470">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ tillæg nin raqærtuj fuldær-fuldær
              duwwæ-ʽrtæ mæji</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нашего урожая нам хватает самое большое на
                два-три месяца</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our harvest is enough for us for two or three
                months at the most</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl">from <name>G. Kokiev</name>ʼs
                materials</ref></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возможна связь с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e569" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e497" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>ɣat-</w>
            <gloss><q>достигать</q></gloss>, <w>gōt-</w>
            <gloss><q>добывать</q>, <q>доставать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако звуковые отношения
          и происхождение не ясны. В виде предположения возводим к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e584" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e512" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">garth-</w>, <w type="rec">grath-</w>
            <gloss><q>связывать</q>, <q>соединять</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e596" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e524" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grath-</w>
            <gloss><q>связывать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Переход значения лежит в пределах
          мыслимого: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">достигать чего-либо</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">соединяться с чем-либо</q>. Такое же семантическое
          развитие имеем в иронском: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_2" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>xæccæ</w>
            <q>соединенный</q>, <q>смешанный</q></ref> → <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>
          <q rendition="#rend_italic">достигать</q>. Начальный <c>q</c> (вместо <c>ǧ</c>) также не
          может служить препятствием. Отдельные случаи появления <c>q</c> в заведомо иранских словах
          в дигорском встречаются, например <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lqīvyn"><w>ælqevun</w>
            <q>сжимать</q></ref>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">There is a possible connection with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e497" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e569" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <w>ɣat-</w>
            <gloss><q>reach</q></gloss>, <w>gōt-</w>
            <gloss><q>extract</q>, <q>obtain</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, the sound
          relationship and origin are not clear. As an assumption, we trace it back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e512" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e584" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">garth-</w>, <w type="rec">grath-</w>
            <gloss><q>connect</q>, <q>combine</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2787e524" xml:id="mentioned_d2787e596" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>grath-</w>
            <gloss><q>connect</q></gloss></mentioned>. The transition of meaning lies within the
          limits of the conceivable: <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">reach something</q> = <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">connect with something</q>. There is the same semantic
          development in Iron: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_2" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><w>xæccæ</w>
            <q>connected</q>, <q>mixed</q></ref> → <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæccæ_3"/>
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></phr>
          <q rendition="#rend_italic">reach</q>. The initial <c>q</c> (instead of <c>ǧ</c>) also can
          not serve as an obstacle. Some cases of the appearance of <c>q</c> in obviously Iranian
          words in Digor do occur, for example <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lqīvyn"><w>ælqevun</w>
            <q>squeeze</q></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
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