<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīd_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xīd_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2939e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīd</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xed</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2939e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>мост</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>bridge</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>pons</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pons</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīdyqūs</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">предмостье</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bridgehead</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>край моста</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>edge of bridge</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>xīdgæs</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сторож (часовой), охраняющий мост</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">watchman (sentinel) guarding the bridge</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīdæj</oRef> k˳y axīzæm, wæd nyn tas
              nal ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда мы перейдем мост, то мы вне опасности</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when we cross the bridge, we are out of
                danger</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>219</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īx donyl sarazy jæ <oRef>xīd</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лед наводит на реке мост</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ice bridges the river</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ <oRef>xīd</oRef> saræztoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они построили свой мост</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they built their bridge</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(ældary æfsædtæ) Zinony <oRef>xīd</oRef>
              ærcaxstoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(войска алдара) заняли мост (у селения)
                Жилвани</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(aldarʼs troops) occupied the bridge (near the
                village) Zhilvani</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wærtæ eci ciwan <oRef>xed</oRef> ka ʽj,
              obælti ærbacæwuj izæræj (wæjug)</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон тот чугунный мост, по нему приходит вечером
                (ваюг)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that cast-iron bridge over there, (the vayug)
                comes there in the evening </q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>haitu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w>saitu-</w></mentioned>. Хорошо представлено в восточно-иранских языках (обычно с
          утратой начального <c>h-</c>): <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>yēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>yéid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <w>īd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>yā̀ya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>yeya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>yotuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>yatik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>itk</w>, <w>etk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>ytkw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">hīl</w>, <w type="rec">hel</w></mentioned> в названии реки <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w type="rec">Hīlmand</w>, <w type="rec">Helmand</w></mentioned> (=
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Haetumant-</w></mentioned>), <note type="footnote">В афганском, как и в ряде
            памирских языков, рефлексы <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
              <w>haitu-</w></mentioned> вытеснены частично <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>pul</w></mentioned>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>haetu-</w>
            <gloss><q>мост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>setu-</w>
            <gloss><q>мост</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дамба</q></gloss></mentioned>. Этимологически
          связано, вероятно, с индоевропейской базой <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sei-</w>
            <gloss><q>плести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вязать</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>891—892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Мосты-плетенки известны
          во многих странах. Этимологически и по значению ср. <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>sĕtь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>сеть</w></mentioned>. — Из аланского идут <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>hid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>xidi</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">В грузинском были и оригинальные слова для
              <q>моста</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>tʼivi</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>boga</w></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Tʼivi</w> в
              современном языке означает <gloss><q>плот</q></gloss></mentioned>, но значение
              <q>мост</q> сохранилось в <mentioned xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
              <w>tʼiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tʼij</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>tʼaj</w></mentioned>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (артвин.) <w>xitʼ</w>, <w>xit’ә</w>
            <gloss><q>мост</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 56, 74, III 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
            <biblScope>346 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>IV 380, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>23, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schmidt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
            <biblScope>XVIII 2,94</biblScope></bibl> (утверждает без малейших оснований, что
          осетинское слово заимствовано из грузинского; ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
            <biblScope>XIX 2, 3, 27 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author xml:lang="rus">Мачавариани</author>. <title xml:lang="rus">Общекартвельская система
              согласных</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="rus">Тбилиси</pubPlace>,
            <date>1965</date></bibl> (неубедительно оспаривается аланское происхождение <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>xidi</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica._Suppl."/>
            <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>481</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>55, 86, 251, 336</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w>haitu-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w>saitu-</w></mentioned>. It is well represented in Eastern Iranian languages (usually
          with the loss of the initial al <c>h-</c>): <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>yēd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
            <w>yéid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
            <w>īd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
            <w>yā̀ya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>yeya</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
            <w>yotuk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
            <w>yatik</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
            <w>itk</w>, <w>etk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>ytkw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>hī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">hīl</w>, <w type="rec">hel</w></mentioned> in the name of the river
            <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w type="rec">Hīlmand</w>, <w type="rec">Helmand</w></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>Haetumant-</w></mentioned>),<note type="footnote">In Pashto, as in a number of Pamir
            languages, reflexes of <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
              <w>haitu-</w></mentioned> are partially replaced by <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>pul</w></mentioned>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>haetu-</w>
            <gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>setu-</w>
            <gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dam</q></gloss></mentioned>. Etymologically, it
          is connected probably with the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sei-</w>
            <gloss><q>weave</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>knit</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>891—892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Braided bridges are known
          in many countries. Etymologically and semantically, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>sĕtь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>setʼ</w></mentioned>. — The Alanic word gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>hid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>xidi</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Georgian also had original words for
              <q>bridge</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>tʼivi</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>boga</w></mentioned>. In modern language, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Tʼivi</w> denotes <gloss><q>raft</q></gloss></mentioned>, but the meaning
              <q>bridge</q> was preserved in <mentioned xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
              <w>tʼiv</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
              <w>tʼij</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
              <w>tʼaj</w></mentioned>.</note>
          <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (Artvin.) <w>xitʼ</w>, <w>xit’ә</w>
            <gloss><q>bridge</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 56, 74, III 138</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
            <biblScope>346 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>IV 380, V 318</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>23, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schmidt</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
            <biblScope>XVIII 2,94</biblScope></bibl> (claims without the slightest reason that the
          Ossetian word is borrowed from the Georgian; cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="eng">XIX 2, 3, 27 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><author xml:lang="eng">Mačavariani</author>. <title xml:lang="eng">Obščekartvelskaja sistema
              soglasnyx [General Kartvelian consonant system]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="eng">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date></bibl> (unconvincingly disputing the Alanic
          origin of <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>xidi</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica._Suppl."/>
            <biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>481</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>55, 86, 251, 336</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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