<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rædūvyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_rædūvyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d332e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>rædūvyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d332e68" type="participle"><orth>rædyvd</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d332e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>rædovun</orth><form xml:id="form_d332e73" type="participle"><orth>ræduvd</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d332e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d332e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>рвать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tear</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d332e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>вырывать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tear out</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d332e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>выдергивать с силой</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pull with force</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d332e104"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>раздирать</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>rend</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d332e113"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>делать ссадину на коже</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>make an abrasion on the skin</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. по значению <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmūʒyn"/>, а также менее экспрессивное <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonyn"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. the meaning of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmūʒyn"/>, and also of less expressive <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tonyn"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d332e136">
          <example xml:id="example_d332e138">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dymgæ <oRef>rædūvy</oRef> bærzond xoxy
              kʼæjtæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер срывает плиты с высокой горы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind rips off the plates from the high
                mountain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
              <biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d332e163">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæjyg bælas æd wīdægtæ
              <oRef>ʽsrædyvta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великан вырвал дерево с корнями</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the giant uprooted the tree (lit. with its
                roots)</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d332e182" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Rujmon… bælæstæ æd kʼadotæ
                <oRef>rædovuj</oRef>, zænxæ æ dændægutæj xwæruj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Руймон вырывает деревья с ветвями, грызет землю
                зубами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ruimon uproots trees with branches, gnaws the
                ground with his teeth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d332e210" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒikkotæ <oRef>rædovʒænæj</oRef>, bazongæj
              Gubattæ næ ǧuddag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будет рвать на себе волосы, когда узнает
                Губатта о нашем деле</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gubatta will tear his hair out when he finds
                out about our case</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d332e238" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(kʼwætti æma kizgæ) fæqqæbesæj æncæ; kʼwætti
              qæbærdær kænun ku rajdædta, wæd kizgæ æxe <oRef>raræduvta</oRef> ma fælleʒægi
              ʽj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(немой и девушка) схватились в борьбе; когда
                немой стал одолевать, то девушка вырвалась и убежала</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mute and the girl wrestled; when the mute
                began to win, the girl broke free and ran away</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 113</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Быть может, следует возводить к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e572" xml:id="mentioned_d332e269" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-daub-</m></mentioned><note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Индоевропейская база <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e579" xml:id="mentioned_d332e276" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">dheubh-</m>
              <gloss><q>ударять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>колоть</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d332e286"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e590" xml:id="mentioned_d332e287" xml:lang="frs"><lang/>
                <w>dufen</w>, <w>duven</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e597" xml:id="mentioned_d332e294" xml:lang="nds"><lang/>
                <w>duven</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>толкать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пинать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e608" xml:id="mentioned_d332e305" xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
              <w>dof</w>
              <gloss><q>толчок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пинок</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
              <biblScope>268</biblScope></bibl>.</note> и сблизить с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e625" xml:id="mentioned_d332e322" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">δov-</m>, <m type="rec">δufs-</m></mentioned> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e634" xml:id="mentioned_d332e331" xml:lang="sog"><m>pδwβ-</m>
            <gloss><q>втыкать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скреплять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e643" xml:id="mentioned_d332e340" xml:lang="sog"><m>pδwβs-</m>
            <gloss><q>скрепляться</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
                <biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
                <biblScope>§§ 96, 453, 602, 823</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Отношение
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e664" xml:id="mentioned_d332e361" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">δov-</m></mentioned> к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e671" xml:id="mentioned_d332e368" xml:lang="sog"><m type="rec">δufs-</m></mentioned> соответствует отношению <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e675" xml:id="mentioned_d332e372" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>ræ-dov-</m></mentioned> к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e680" xml:id="mentioned_d332e377" xml:lang="os"><m>ræ-duvs-</m></mentioned>, см.
          ниже <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rædyvsyn"/>. Хотя различие превербов (<m>fra-</m> в
          осетинском, <m>upa-</m> в согдийском) могло повлечь за собой значительное расхождение
          значений, все же семантическая сторона приведенного сопоставления оставляет желать
          лучшего. Поэтому заслуживает внимания и этимология
          <bibl><author>Schwartz</author></bibl>’а, который привлекает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e693" xml:id="mentioned_d332e390" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>drūp-</m> : <w>drōpt</w>
            <gloss><q>царапать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e703" xml:id="mentioned_d332e400" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>žwb</w>
            <gloss><q>кожура</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скорлупа</q></gloss></mentioned>. Исходная база
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e714" xml:id="mentioned_d332e411" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220225T104411+0300" comment="поставила и.е., правильно?"?>drup<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</m>,
              <m type="rec">drip-</m>, <m type="rec">drap-</m>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> (с вариациями гласного <c>u</c> || <c>i</c> ||
            <c>а</c>, характерными для <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">просторечного</q>
          экспрессивного слова) представлена в ряде языков: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e740" xml:id="mentioned_d332e437" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δρύπτω</w>
            <gloss><q>раздираю</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d332e445"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e749" xml:id="mentioned_d332e446" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>dřipati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e754" xml:id="mentioned_d332e451" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
              <w>drípati</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разрывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e765" xml:id="mentioned_d332e462" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>дрипa</w>
            <gloss><q>рвань</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(ср. русское жаргонное <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e775" xml:id="mentioned_d332e472" xml:lang="ru"><w>задрипанный</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e782" xml:id="mentioned_d332e476" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δρέπω</w>
            <gloss><q>срываю</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e791" xml:id="mentioned_d332e485" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>драпать</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e799" xml:id="mentioned_d332e493" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>drapaċ</w>
            <gloss><q>царапать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e810" xml:id="mentioned_d332e504" xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>drápati</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>царапать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e821" xml:id="mentioned_d332e515" xml:lang="sr" extralang="hr"><w>drpiti</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Звуковое развитие осетинского слова
          представляется в этом случае в следующем виде: <m type="rec">fra-draup-</m> → <m type="rec">ræ-rdov-</m> → <m type="rec">rældov-</m> → <m>rædov-</m> → <m>rædūv-</m>. —
          Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rædyvsyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
            <biblScope>1920 XVI <hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi>
            64</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schwartz</author>, <title>Henning
              Memorial Volume</title>, <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
              <biblScope>стр. 386</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">May go back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e269" xml:id="mentioned_d332e572" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">fra-daub-</m></mentioned><note type="footnote">Indo-European base
              <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e276" xml:id="mentioned_d332e579" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">dheubh-</m>
              <gloss><q>hit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>stab</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d332e589"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e287" xml:id="mentioned_d332e590" xml:lang="frs"><lang/>
                <w>dufen</w>, <w>duven</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e294" xml:id="mentioned_d332e597" xml:lang="nds"><lang/>
                <w>duven</w></mentioned>
              <gloss><q>push</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>kick</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e305" xml:id="mentioned_d332e608" xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
              <w>dof</w>
              <gloss><q>push (n.)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>kick (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>:
                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
              <biblScope>268</biblScope></bibl>.</note> and brought closer to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e322" xml:id="mentioned_d332e625" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">δov-</m>, <m type="rec">δufs-</m></mentioned> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e331" xml:id="mentioned_d332e634" xml:lang="sog"><m>pδwβ-</m>
            <gloss><q>stick in</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fasten</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e340" xml:id="mentioned_d332e643" xml:lang="sog"><m>pδwβs-</m>
            <gloss><q>get fastened</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
                <biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
                <biblScope>§§ 96, 453, 602, 823</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The relation
          between <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e361" xml:id="mentioned_d332e664" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <m type="rec">δov-</m></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e368" xml:id="mentioned_d332e671" xml:lang="sog"><m type="rec">δufs-</m></mentioned> corresponds to the relation between <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e372" xml:id="mentioned_d332e675" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <m>ræ-dov-</m></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e377" xml:id="mentioned_d332e680" xml:lang="os"><m>ræ-duvs-</m></mentioned>, see
          belowe <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rædyvsyn"/>. Although the difference in preverbs
            (<m>fra-</m> in Ossetic, <m>upa-</m> in Sogdian) could have led to a significant
          divergence of meanings, the semantic aspect of the above comparison leaves much to be
          desired. Therefore, the etymology of <bibl><author>Schwartz</author></bibl> also deserves
          attention, who mentions <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e390" xml:id="mentioned_d332e693" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
            <m>drūp-</m> : <w>drōpt</w>
            <gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e400" xml:id="mentioned_d332e703" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>žwb</w>
            <gloss><q>peel</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>shell</q></gloss></mentioned>. The initial base
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e411" xml:id="mentioned_d332e714" xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220225T104411+0300" comment="поставила и.е., правильно?"?>drup<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</m>,
              <m type="rec">drip-</m>, <m type="rec">drap-</m>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> (with the variation of vowels <c>u</c> ||
            <c>i</c> || <c>a</c>, characteristic of a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">colloquial</q> expressive word) exists in some languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e437" xml:id="mentioned_d332e740" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δρύπτω</w>
            <gloss><q>I tear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d332e748"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e446" xml:id="mentioned_d332e749" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
              <w>dřipati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e451" xml:id="mentioned_d332e754" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
              <w>drípati</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tear up</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e462" xml:id="mentioned_d332e765" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
            <w>dripa</w>
            <gloss><q>dud</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(cf. Russian slang <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e472" xml:id="mentioned_d332e775" xml:lang="ru"><w>zadripannyj</w>
                <gloss><q>shabby</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e476" xml:id="mentioned_d332e782" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>δρέπω</w>
            <gloss><q>I tear off</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e485" xml:id="mentioned_d332e791" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>drapatʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e493" xml:id="mentioned_d332e799" xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
            <w>drapaċ</w>
            <gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>scrape</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e504" xml:id="mentioned_d332e810" xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
            <w>drápati</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d332e515" xml:id="mentioned_d332e821" xml:lang="sr" extralang="hr"><w>drpiti</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned>. The sound development of the Ossetic word is
          presented in this case in the following form: <m type="rec">fra-draup-</m> → <m type="rec">ræ-rdov-</m> → <m type="rec">rældov-</m> → <m>rædov-</m> → <m>rædūv-</m>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rædyvsyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Petersson</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/>
            <biblScope>1920 XVI <hi rend="italic" rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi>
            64</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schwartz</author>, <title>Henning
              Memorial Volume</title>, <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 386</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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