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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bal_1</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_bal_1" n="1" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1970e66" type="lemma"><orth>bal</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1970e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d1970e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>группа</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>group</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1970e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>партия</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>party</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1970e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>отряд</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>troop</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1970e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>шайка</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>gang</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1970e107">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1970e109" type="lemma"><orth>bīræǧty bal</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1970e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>стая волков</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>wolf pack</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d1970e123">
                    <form xml:id="form_d1970e125" type="lemma"><orth>ballon bīræǧ</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d1970e128"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>волк из стаи</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a wolf from the pack</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1970e139">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e141">
                        <quote>K˳yrttaty bal razdæxt fæstæmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>группа куртатинцев повернула обратно</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a group of Kurtati people turned back</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/><biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e160">
                        <quote>kæsæǵy bal racyd sæ razmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>отряд кабардинцев вышел им навстречу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a troop of Kabardians went to meet them</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/><biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e179">
                        <quote>Barsægatæn… avdyssæʒ toppæxsæǵy sæ lægbal</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>у (фамилии) Барсаговых мужская военная сила —140 стрелков</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>The Barsæg family has 140 riflemans of man war force</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e198">
                        <quote>ballon bīræǧy tezǧo næ kænid kʼ˳yppi-kʼ˳oypp, ʒyqqi-ʒyqq</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он не рыскал бы, как (отбившийся) из стаи волк, по кочкам и
                                рытвинам</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he would not rove through hummocks and ruts, like a wolf dropped off
                                its pack</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>145</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e217" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>beræǧtæ cæwuncæ bælttæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>волки ходят стаями</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>wolves go in packs</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e240" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>tankitæ bælttæj tunʒuncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>танки спешат стаями</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>tanks are hurrying in groups</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1935 II—II
                                69</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e262" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>bælttæ-kond næ ʽncæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>они (ребята) не организованы в отряды</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>they (young men) are not organized in groups</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>237%l4</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1970e284" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>mæ bæxi cuppar kʼaxej astæwæj ballon beræǧ felvæstæj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>между четырех ног моей лошади выскочил (отделившийся) от стаи
                                волк</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>a wolf which dropped off its pack jumped out between four legs of my
                                horse</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>53%l16%l</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Важный термин староосетинского быта, восходящий к периоду
                    военной демократии. Так называлась дружина или партия, отправлявшаяся в
                    совместное военное предприятие. Вожак такой партии назывался <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"/>, каждый из участников — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbal"/>, а все предприятие — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>. Из животных термин <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bal</hi> применяется, насколько
                    можно судить, преимущественно к волкам. Напрашивается сближение с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e361" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e316" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>bala-</w>
                        <gloss><q>сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e324" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>военная сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e376" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e331" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>военный отряд</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако трудно оправдать
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> в осетинском. Поэтому правильнее возводить слово к *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bārya</hi>- от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8bar"/>.‘ездить верхом’, принимая исходное значение
                    „конная военная партия“. Такое толкование отвечает и историческим реалиям,
                    согласно которым аланы были прирожденные конники. О корне <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8bar"/> ‘ездить верхом’ см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_baræg"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/> . Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbal"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>160</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">It is an important notion of an old Ossetian way of life which
                    traces back to a military democracy period. It was a name of a team or a party
                    which set off for a joint war campaign. The name of the leader of such a party
                    is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"/>, the name of a team member is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbal"/>, a whole war campaing is called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>. As regards animals, the notion <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bal</hi> is
                    used mainly for wolf pack, as one can judge. There arise the rapprochement with
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e361" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>bala-</w>
                        <gloss><q>force</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e324" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e369" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>war force</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1970e331" xml:id="mentioned_d1970e376" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>troop</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, the presence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> in
                    Ossetic is hard to justify. Therefore, it is more correct to trace the word back
                    to *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bārya</hi>- which is derived from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8bar"/>
                    ‘ride’ admitting the initial meaning "mounted war party". Such explaining meets
                    culture-specific historical elements. According to it, alans were born horsemen.
                    See the following words: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_baræg"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/> for further information about the root
                        <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8bar"/> . Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmbal"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>160</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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