<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rætæn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_rætæn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d1598e66" type="lemma"><orth>rætæn</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1598e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>толстая веревка, сплетенная из ремней или из скрученных прутьев</q>
          </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>thick rope woven from straps or twisted rods</q>
          </abv:tr></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdæx"/>);
          употребляется для привязывания сохи к ярму, для волочения бревен и пр.; обычная веревка
          зовется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bændæn"/></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdæx"/>); used for
          tying a plow to a yoke, for dragging logs, etc.; ordinary rope is called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bændæn"/></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1598e91">
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e93" xml:lang="ru">
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220612T115025+0300" comment="так ок?.."?>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">К плугу
                прикреплялась толстая ременная веревка, <oRef>rætæn</oRef>, к которой поочередно
                привязывались все пары запряженных в ярмо волов</q></quote><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">A thick belt rope, <oRef>rætæn</oRef>, was
                attached to the plough, to which all pairs of oxen harnessed to the yoke were tied
                in turn</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>Изв. Юго-Осет.
                  научно-исслед. инст.</title>
                <biblScope>1957 VIII 208</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Izvestija
                  Jugo-Osetinskogo naučno-issledovatelʼskogo instituta</title> [Proceedings of the South
                  Ossetian Research Institute]
                <biblScope>1957 VIII 208</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e123" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>rætæntæ</oRef> — gærzitæ, bæxbæl esti
              lasunmæ ke bakænuncæ, wæxænttæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>rætæntæ</oRef> — ремни, которые надевают
                на лошадь для волочения чего-либо</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>rætæntæ</oRef> — straps worn on a horse
                to pull something</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æmburdgond"/>
              <biblScope>195<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">18</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e155">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ saw ʒykkūtæ, <oRef>rætæny</oRef> stævdæn,
              zævættæ æmbærztoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее черные косы, толщиной с <oRef>rætæn</oRef>,
                покрывали пятки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her black braids, thick as <oRef>rætæn</oRef>,
                covered her heels</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e184" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gærzæj <oRef>rætæn</oRef>
              niwwa<?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T202018+0300" comment="значок?"?>g<?oxy_comment_end ?>tan…
              maxæn kosuj traktor</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы бросили ременной <oRef>rætæn</oRef>
                (перестали пахать сохой), (теперь) на нас работает трактор</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we stopped using <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220612T115147+0300" comment="??"?>belt<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <oRef>rætæn</oRef> (stopped using plough), (now) a tractor is working for us</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
              <biblScope>130</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e224" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, Xucaw, korgæ di kænæn æma raddæ ænævǧaw:
              wærdunginæn — fedar sæmæn, xujmonæn — fedar <oRef>rætæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о боже, просим у тебя, подай не жалея: человеку
                с арбой — крепкую ось, пахарю — крепкий <oRef>rætæn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh god, we ask you, give without regret: a man
                with a cart — a strong axis, a ploughman — a strong <oRef>rætæn</oRef></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
              <biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1598e254">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>rætæni</oRef> skʼudtæ puxcin ænxærstæj
              æjjivtan</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обрывки ременной веревки мы заменяли обрывками
                веревки из сосновой коры</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we replaced scraps of belt rope with scraps of
                pine bark rope</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>176<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e568" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e285" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">raθana-</w></mentioned>, где <c>θ</c> отвечает общеиранскому <c>s</c>:
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204221+0300" comment="нужно ли mentioned?"?><w type="rec">rasana-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Развитие характерно для древнеперсидского, но
          могло спорадически иметь место и в других иранских диалектах. Поэтому ос.
            <oRef>rætæn</oRef> (вопреки <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>138–143</biblScope></bibl>) не обязательно рассматривать как скифское
          заимствование из древнеперсидского, тем более что в новоперсидском находим <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">нормальную</q> иранскую форму
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204341+0300" comment="а здесь какой mentioned?"?><w>rasan</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          (из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e601" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e313" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">raθana-</w></mentioned> имели бы <w type="rec">rahan</w>, <w type="rec">rahn</w>, как из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e611" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e324" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">paθana-</w>
            <gloss><q>широкий</q></gloss></mentioned> —
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204507+0300" comment="нужно ли здесь везде mentioned?"?><w>pahan</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <w>pahn</w>). Такое междиалектное переплетение звуковых норм наблюдается и в других
          случаях; ср., например, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e629" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e338" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w>
            <gloss>название дерева</gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"><w>talm</w>
            <gloss><q>ильм</q></gloss></ref>, но <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e642" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e351" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarv</w>
            <gloss><q>кипарис</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>
          при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e653" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e361" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>paraṡu-</w>
            <gloss><q>топор</q></gloss></mentioned> (подробнее в нашей статье:
              <bibl><title>Перекрестные изоглоссы. Этимология
              <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T203809+0300" comment="что это такое?"?>1966<?oxy_comment_end ?></title>,
              <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр.
          247–263</biblScope></bibl>. — О междиалектном смешении см. также:
              <bibl><author>Bartholomae</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
            <biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> § 282, № 1</biblScope></bibl>;
              <bibl><author>Wikander</author>. <title>Der arische Männerbund</title>.
              <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <date>1938</date>, <biblScope>стр. 37</biblScope></bibl>).
          Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e695" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e405" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>rasan</w>
            <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1598e413"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e705" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e414" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
              <w>aṙasan</w>
              <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шнур</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e719" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e428" xml:lang="xcl"><w>erasan</w>
              <gloss><q>узда</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
                <biblScope>107, 148</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e733" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e442" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>raṡana-</w>
            <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ремень</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пояс</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>узда</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возможно исконное родство с германской
          группой — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e750" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e459" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>rekendi</w>
            <gloss><q>цепь</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>863</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, — с которой связано, в свою
          очередь, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxys" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxis</w>
            <gloss><q>цепь</q></gloss></ref>. Из иранского идут <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e777" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e487" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>arsän</w>
            <gloss><q>канат</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>цепь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e788" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e498" xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
            <w>räsen</w>, <w>raasen</w>, <w>räsne</w>
            <gloss><q>веревка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
            <biblScope>165</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Collinder"/>
            <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>). Поскольку для сванского источником заимствования
          был, всего вероятнее, аланский, не исключено, что в последнем бытовала и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">нормальная</q> форма <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T202821+0300" comment="не нужен же mentioned?"?>ræsæn<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
          параллельно с <oRef>rætæn</oRef>. — Связь ос. <oRef>rætæn</oRef> с приведенными названиями
          веревки настолько очевидна, что обращение в этимологическом плане к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e824" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e533" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rāθ-</w>, <w>irīraθ</w>
            <gloss><q>держаться за что-либо</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
                <biblScope>107–108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> представляется
              излишним.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>138–143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Rocznik
              Orjent.</title>
            <biblScope>XXI 68–69</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e285" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e568" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">raθana-</w></mentioned>, where <c>θ</c> corresponds to
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220612T115353+0300" comment="?"?>common<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          Iranian <c>s</c>:
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204221+0300" comment="нужно ли mentioned?"?><w type="rec">rasana-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>. The development is characteristic of Old
          Persian, but may have sporadically taken place in other Iranian dialects as well.
          Therefore, Ossetic <oRef>rætæn</oRef> (contrary to <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>138–143</biblScope></bibl>) should not necessarily be seen as a Scythian
          borrowing from Old Persian, especially since in New Persian we find the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">normal</q> Iranian form
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204341+0300" comment="а здесь какой mentioned?"?><w>rasan</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
          (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e313" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e601" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">raθana-</w></mentioned> we would have <w type="rec">rahan</w>, <w type="rec">rahn</w>, as from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e324" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e611" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">paθana-</w>
            <gloss><q>wide</q></gloss></mentioned> we have
            <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T204507+0300" comment="нужно ли здесь везде mentioned?"?><w>pahan</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <w>pahn</w>). Such interdialectal
          <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220612T115555+0300" comment="??"?>interweaving<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          of sound norms is also observed in other cases; cf., for example, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e338" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e629" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>θarmi-</w>
            <gloss>tree name</gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"><w>talm</w>
            <gloss><q>elm</q></gloss></ref>, but <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e642" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>sarv</w>
            <gloss><q>cypress</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/> in the presence of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e361" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e653" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>paraṡu-</w>
            <gloss><q>axe</q></gloss></mentioned> (see more in our article:
              <bibl><title>Perekrestnye izoglossy</title>. [Intersecting isoglosses] <bibl type="j"><title>Ètimologija</title> [Etymology] 1966,
              <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date></bibl>, <biblScope>p.
            247–263</biblScope></bibl>. — About inter-dialect mixing see also:
              <bibl><author>Bartholomae</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
            <biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> § 282, № 1</biblScope></bibl>;
              <bibl><author>Wikander</author>. <title>Der arische Männerbund</title>.
              <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <date>1938</date>, <biblScope>p. 37</biblScope></bibl>).
          Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e405" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e695" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>rasan</w>
            <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1598e704"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e414" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e705" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
              <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
              <w>aṙasan</w>
              <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cord</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e428" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e719" xml:lang="xcl"><w>erasan</w>
              <gloss><q>bridle</q></gloss></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
                <biblScope>107, 148</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e442" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e733" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>raṡana-</w>
            <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>belt</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>waisband</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>bridle</q></gloss></mentioned>. An original relationship with the Germanic
          group is possible — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e459" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e750" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>rekendi</w>
            <gloss><q>chain</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>863</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, — which, in turn, is
          associated with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxys" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxis</w>
            <gloss><q>chain</q></gloss></ref>. From Iranian there are <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e487" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e777" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>arsän</w>
            <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>chain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e498" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e788" xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
            <w>räsen</w>, <w>raasen</w>, <w>räsne</w>
            <gloss><q>rope</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
            <biblScope>165</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Collinder"/>
            <biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>). Since the borrowing source for Svan was most likely
          Alanic, it is possible that the latter also had the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">normal</q> form <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220518T202821+0300" comment="не нужен же mentioned?"?>ræsæn<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
          in parallel with <oRef>rætæn</oRef>. — The relation of Ossetic <oRef>rætæn</oRef> with the
          given names of the rope is so obvious that the appeal in etymological terms to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1598e533" xml:id="mentioned_d1598e824" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>rāθ-</w>, <w>irīraθ</w>
            <gloss><q>hold on to something</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
                <biblScope>107–108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> seems
              redundant.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                <biblScope>138–143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Rocznik
              Orjent.</title>
            <biblScope>XXI 68–69</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>