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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū-</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_ū-" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d970e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ū-</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>o-</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d970e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>тот</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>that</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>он</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>he</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Основа указательного местоимения для более отдаленных
            или находящихся вне поля зрения предметов, которому соответствует <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>этот</q></gloss></ref> для близких предметов. В
            современном языке бытуют лишь старые косвенные падежи <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūmæn</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">onæn</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_oni" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>oni</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> и
            т. д., причем родительный падеж <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref> получил в иронском также функцию именительного. С
            наращением <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ci</w>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-ci</w></ref> (в дигорском рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>) употребляется как указательное и всегда при
            определяемом, т. е. в адъективной функции, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">a-cy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>. Мн. число в иронском — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdon</w></ref>. Дигорский использует
            основу <w>о-</w> только в косвенных надежах как единственного (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w>oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>omæn</w></mentioned> и т. д.), так и множественного числа (<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>oni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> и т. д.); в имен. падеже дигорский имеет другую основу —
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_etæ"><w>etæ</w></ref>. В застывшем виде <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-</w> сохранилось в ряде наречий, симметричных аналогичным
            образованиям от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>этот</q></gloss></ref>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">omi</w> <gloss><q>там</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_otæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>otæ</w> <gloss><q>так</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftæ" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/> <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">aftæ</w> <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <gloss><q>так</q></gloss></ref> id., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordæmæ</w> <gloss><q>туда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordigæj</w> <gloss><q>оттуда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>ordæg</w> <gloss><q>по ту сторону</q></gloss></ref>,
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>wæxæn</w> <gloss><q>такой</q></gloss></ref></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Demonstrative pronominal stem for objects that are
            located further away or are out of the speaker's field of view. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>this</q></gloss></ref> is the corresponding stem
            for more closer objects. In the modern language only the oblique forms <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūmæn</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">onæn</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_oni" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>oni</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> etc. remain. Furthermore, in Iron <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref> also became the nominative
            form. With <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ci</w> augmentation:
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-cy</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-ci</w></ref> (in Digor it is similar to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>) is used as a
            demonstrative and always together with the noun it defines, i.e. in the attributive
            function, just like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_acy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">a-cy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_eci"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">e-ci</w></ref>. The plural in Iron is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūdon</w></ref>. Digor uses the stem <w>о-</w> only in oblique
            case of both the singular (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w>oj</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>omæn</w></mentioned> etc.) and the plural numbers (<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>oni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>onæn</w></mentioned> etc.); in the nominative case Digor uses another stem,
            namely <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_etæ"><w>etæ</w></ref>. <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū-</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">o-</w> has fossilised in a number of adverbs which are
            symmetrical to derivatives from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w> <gloss><q>this</q></gloss></ref>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">omi</w> <gloss><q>there</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_otæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>otæ</w> <gloss><q>that way</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftæ" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/> <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">aftæ</w> <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <w>a-ūtæ</w>)</note> <gloss><q>that
                way</q></gloss></ref> id., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordæmæ</w> <gloss><q>to that
                  place</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ordigæj</w> <gloss><q>from
                  that place</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>ordæg</w> <gloss><q>to that side</q></gloss></ref>,
              <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/> <w>wæxæn</w> <gloss><q>like that</q></gloss></ref></note>
        </sense>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к местоименной основе <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>awa-</w></mentioned>. Стяжение трифтонга <c>awa</c> → <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū</c> <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">o</c> как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cū</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">co</w> <gloss><q>иди</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čyava-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūdæs</w> <gloss><q>19</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>navadasa-</w></mentioned>; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rog"><w>rog</w> <gloss><q>легкий</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nog"><w>nog</w> <gloss><q>новый</q></gloss></ref> из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræwæg"><w>ræwæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæg"><w>næwæg</w></ref>.
          Местоимение хорошо представлено в иранском и славянском и может рассматриваться как одна
          из ирано-славянских изоглосс: <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="tg"><lang/> <w>ū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>ōy</w></mentioned>
          (мн. ч. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>awēšān</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><w>ava</w></mentioned>,
          <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230623T182620+0600" comment="кажется, этого языка нет в списке языков"?>тат.
            <w>u</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/> <w>yu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/> <w>yaw</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><w>yow</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/> <w>wa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/> <w>wo</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/> <w>ō̈</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> <w type="rec">awu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">wu</w></mentioned>
            (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼww</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ww</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/> <w>ava-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>ovъ</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/> <w>овъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>овый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/> <w>ów</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/> <w>ov</w></mentioned> и пр. В древнеиндийском
          документируется только форма род. падежа двойств. числа <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>avoṣ</w></mentioned>; ср.: <bibl><author>Hauri</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/> <biblScope>LXXVIII 199</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>; см.
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūcy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8ūtæ"><w type="rec">ūtæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w>ūdon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdættæ"><w>ūdættæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūtæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūtæ</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">otæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ordæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>wæxæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæd_1"><w>wæd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærtæ"><w>wærtæ</w></ref>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to the pronominal stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>awa-</w></mentioned>. The triphthong contraction <c>awa</c> → <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">ū</c> <c xml:lang="os-x-digor">o</c> is just like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cū</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">co</w> <gloss><q>go (imp.)</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čyava-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūdæs</w> <gloss><q>19</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>navadasa-</w></mentioned>; compare as well <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rog"><w>rog</w> <gloss><q>light (adj.)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nog"><w>nog</w> <gloss><q>new</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræwæg"><w>ræwæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæg"><w>næwæg</w></ref>. The pronoun is widespread in both Iranian and Slavic branches and
          can be considered one of the Irano-Slavic isoglosses: <mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="tg"><lang/> <w>ū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>ōy</w></mentioned> (pl. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>awēšān</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><w>ava</w></mentioned>,
          <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230623T182620+0600" comment="кажется, этого языка нет в списке языков"?>тат.
            <w>u</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/> <w>yu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/> <w>yaw</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><w>yow</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/> <w>wa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/> <w>wo</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/> <w>ō̈</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/> <w>au</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> <w type="rec">awu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">wu</w></mentioned>
            (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼww</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ww</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/> <w>ava-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>ovъ</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/> <w>овъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>овый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/> <w>ów</w></mentioned>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/> <w>ov</w></mentioned> etc. In Old Indic only the
          genitive dual <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>avoṣ</w></mentioned> is documented; cf.
              <bibl><author>Hauri</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/> <biblScope>LXXVIII
              199</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_a"><w>a</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_e"><w>e</w></ref>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūcy"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūcy</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8ūtæ"><w type="rec">ūtæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdon"><w>ūdon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdættæ"><w>ūdættæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūtæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūtæ</w> <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">otæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdæm"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdæm</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrdygæj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrdygæj</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ordæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ordæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxæn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>wæxæn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæd_1"><w>wæd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærtæ"><w>wærtæ</w></ref>.</etym>
      </entry>
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