<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæstæ_1</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_qæstæ_1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete" n="1">
        <form xml:id="form_d1976e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qæstæ</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d1976e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>iǧæstæ</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1976e72" n="1"><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>осквернение чем-либо заразным или ядовитым</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>contamination by something contagious or poisonous</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>оскверненный</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>defiled</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1976e92" n="2"><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>принятие чего-либо в крошечной доле</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>accepting anything in a tiny amount</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e102"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>чуть попробовавший что-либо</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tasted a little of something</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e111"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>чуть затронутый чем-либо</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>slightly affected by anything</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <re xml:id="re_d1976e121">
          <form xml:id="form_d1976e123" type="lemma"><orth>qæstæ kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1976e126" n="1"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осквернять(ся)</q>
            </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">defile</q>
            </tr></sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d1976e138" n="2"><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e139"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>чуть наделять</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>endow a little</q>
              </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e148"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>отведывать</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>taste</q>
              </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1976e157"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>чуть пробовать</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>try something a little</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1976e169" n="1">
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e171">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒyxmæ cy bacæwy, ūmæj næ qæstæ kæny adæjmag,
              fælæ ʒyxæj cy racæwy, ūmæj qæstæ kæny adæjmag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не то, что входит в уста, оскверняет человека,
                а то, что выходит из уст, оскверняет человека</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a
                man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">15</hi> 11</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">7</hi> 15</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e205">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ʒicceny kʼūx fæqæstæ æmæ sxæf kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">руки Диццен коснулось что-то нечистое, и она
                стала нарывать (гноиться)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">something unclean touched Dizzen’s hands, and
                it began to fester (abscess)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1964 III 42</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e228">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūcy x˳yrxæg ma baxær — qæstæ ū: kalm æm
              basmysta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не ешь тот щавель — он осквернен: к нему
                принюхалась змея</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don’t eat that sorrel — it is defiled: a snake
                sniffed at it</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1976e247" n="2">
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e249">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ sæm fædæn sæny qæstæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я у них вина и не пробовал</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have never tasted their wine</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e272" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ basæj ba sæ ma feǧæstæ kænæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из его супа не дай им попробовать</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don’t let them taste his soup</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 132</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e298">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nūry, cyvzy qæstæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">приправленный чесноком, красным перцем</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seasoned with garlic, with red pepper</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e321">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæxī jæddæmæ ʒy æddagon adæjmag ma fæqæstæ
              wæd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кроме вас самих, пусть посторонний человек не
                попробует (мяса жертвенного козленка)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">apart from yourself, let no outsider taste
                (sacrificial goat meat)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
              <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e344">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nīḱī ma facī mæ nwazæny qæstæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никто еще не отведал (из) моего бокала</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no one has sipped (from) my glass yet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e368">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kard kærdʒæmy nal cyd, calynmæ īw æj īsty
              fosy tūgæj fæqæstæ kodtaīkkoj wædmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шашка больше не входила в ножны, пока ей не
                давали попробовать крови какого-либо домашнего животного</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the saber no longer entered the scabbard until
                it was given a taste of the blood of a livestock animal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>III 104</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e391">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr kʼ˳yrī wæ xæʒary xojraǵy qæstæ ne
              stūt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уже неделю вы не отведывали домашней пищи</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you haven’t tasted homemade food for a week</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e414">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæ bony x˳yssæǵy qæstæ næ fædæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">два дня я был совершенно без сна</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was completely without sleep for two days</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e432">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cʼyndy qæstæ næ fæcī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он не сомкнул глаз</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he didn’t sleep a wink</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e455" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sinxægtæj alke dær fænduj, cæmæj bælccon
              feǧæstæ wæ sæ færzewæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из соседей каждый хочет, чтобы путник отведал
                их угощенья</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">each of the neighbors wants the traveler to
                taste their treats</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1937 I 35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1976e482">
          <example xml:id="example_d1976e484">
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Отмечается
              значение <q>отпрыск</q>, <q>потомок</q>: </note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">The meaning
                <q>offspring</q>, <q>descendant</q> is attested: </note>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ nom warzgæjæ ʒūrʒystæm, calynmæ wa næ
              qæstæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы будем с любовью произносить твое (родины)
                имя, пока будет (хоть один) отпрыск (нашего племени)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">We will pronounce yours (homeland’s) name with
                love, as long as there is (at least one) offspring (of our tribe)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
              <biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Иранское слово. Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e653" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e525" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-gasta-</w>, прош. причастию от <w type="rec">vi-gand-</w>
            <gloss><q>осквернять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Последний глагол в иронском утрачен, но в
          дигорском сохранился: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iǧændun"/>. Ближайшие соответствия ос.
          <oRef/> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">iǧæstæ</oRef> — это <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e670" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e542" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>gast</w>
            <gloss><q>гадкий</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(син. <w>zišt:</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
                <biblScope>II 694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e689" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e561" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>gast</w>
            <gloss><q>гниль</q>, <q>гадость</q>, <q>скверна</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>54, 98, 100</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boyce"/>
                <biblScope>188</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e714" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e586" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>gasta-</w>
            <gloss><q>скверна</q>, <q>зло</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e726" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e598" xml:lang="peo"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><bibl><title>DNa</title>
                  <biblScope>51—52</biblScope></bibl>:</note>
              <s>mām Auramazdā pātuv hāčā gastā</s>
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">меня да хранит Аурамазда от всякой
                  скверны</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi>
                (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
              <biblScope>123—124</biblScope></bibl>) и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Mayrhofer</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer">Handbuch des
                Altpersischen.</ref>
              <biblScope> Wiesbaden, 1964, стр. 121</biblScope></bibl>) ошибочно отделяют <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e714" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e630" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>gasta-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e763" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e635" xml:lang="peo"><w>gand-</w></mentioned> и ос.
            <oRef/> и сближают с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qast_2" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <w>qast</w>
              <q>жалоба</q></ref>.</note> Остальное см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iǧændun"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">An Iranian word. It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e525" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e653" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vi-gasta-</w>, past participle of the verb <w type="rec">vi-gand-</w>
            <gloss><q>desecrate</q></gloss></mentioned>. The last verb is lost in Iron, but it has
          been preserved in Digor: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iǧændun"/>. The closest
          correspondances with Ossetic <oRef/> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">iǧæstæ</oRef> are
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e542" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e670" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>gast</w>
            <gloss><q>disgusting</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(syn. <w>zišt</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
                <biblScope>II 694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e561" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e689" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
            <w>gast</w>
            <gloss><q>rot</q>, <q>filth</q>, <q>defilement</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
                <biblScope>54, 98, 100</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boyce"/>
                <biblScope>188</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e586" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e714" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>gasta-</w>
            <gloss><q>defilement</q>, <q>evil</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e598" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e726" xml:lang="peo"><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><bibl><title>DNa</title>
                  <biblScope>51—52</biblScope></bibl>:</note>
              <s>mām Auramazdā pātuv hāčā gastā</s>
              <gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">May Auramazda protect me from all
                filth</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi>
                (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
              <biblScope>123—124</biblScope></bibl>) and <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Mayrhofer</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer">Handbuch des
                Altpersischen.</ref>
              <biblScope> Wiesbaden, 1964, p. 121</biblScope></bibl>) mistakenly separated
              <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e586" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e758" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
              <w>gasta-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1976e635" xml:id="mentioned_d1976e763" xml:lang="peo"><w>gand-</w></mentioned> and
            Ossetic <oRef/> and bring it closer with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qast_2" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
              <w>qast</w>
              <q>complaint</q></ref>.</note> For the rest, see the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_iǧændun"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>