<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæm</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
    </tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <text>
        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_kæm" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d1987e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>kæm</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d1987e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kæmi</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d1987e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>где</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>where</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d1987e82">
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">иногда имеет значение экспрессивного
                        отрицания при глаголе; как модальная частица выражает желательность,
                        пожелание:</note>
                    <note type="comment" xml:lang="en">sometimes it expresses the meaning of
                        expressive negation on the verb; it means desirability or wish as a modal
                        particle:</note>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1987e90">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1987e92" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdær</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1987e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>где-то</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>somewhere</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1987e106">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1987e108" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdæriddær</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1987e111"><sense xml:id="sense_d1987e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>где бы ни</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>wherever</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1987e121"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                    <q>везде</q>
                                </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                    <q>everywhere</q>
                                </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                    </re>
                    <re xml:id="re_d1987e132">
                        <form xml:id="form_d1987e134" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdæridaw</orth></form>
                        <sense xml:id="sense_d1987e137"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>оказывается</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>it turns out that</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense>
                    </re>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1987e149">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e151">
                        <quote>kæm ræzync, kæm cærync dæ xotæ, dæ mad?</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>где растут, где живут твои сестры, твоя мать?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>where do your sisters grow up, where do they and your mother
                                live?</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e170">
                        <quote>syrd ma kæm ʒūry!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>зверь уже не говорит! (= „зверю уже не до разговоров!“)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the beast no longer speaks! (= “The beast is no longer up to the
                                conversation!”)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e189">
                        <quote>ḱyzg dær kæm komy!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>девушка никак не соглашается</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the girl really does not agree</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e208">
                        <quote>Wælxægæn axæm fyrt kæm razyna ‘mæ me ‘rtæ nywazæny jæxīcæn cy
                            bazzajoj!</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>пусть у Уалхага окажется такой сын, чтобы мои три кубка остались у
                                него!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>may Oulhag have such a son that my three goblets remain with him!</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>33, 83 прим.
                                48</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализовавшийся в значении наречия старый местный падеж
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka-</hi> ‘кто’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱī"/>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_am"/> ‘здесь’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ahmi</hi> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"/> ‘там’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avahmi</hi>. Созвучные формы в других иранских
                    языках означают не ‘где’, а ‘кто’, ‘какой’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e298" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e237" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kāma</w>
                        <gloss><q>кто</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e306" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e245" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>kam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e312" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e251" xml:lang="ps"><w>kəm</w>
                        <gloss><q>какой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e318" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e257" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kyum</w>
                        <gloss><q>кто</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e326" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e265" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kum</w>
                        <gloss><q>какой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e334" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e273" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
                        <w>kām</w>
                        <gloss><q>кто-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>; по смыслу они восходят скорее к
                    <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*katama</hi> или <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ka</hi> + <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ama</hi>, чем к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> (ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>s.v.
                        <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kam</hi></biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">The old locative case <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka-</hi> ‘who’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱī"/>) has lexicalized in the adverbial meaning.
                    Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_am"/> ‘here’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ahmi</hi> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"/> ‘there’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avahmi</hi>. Similar forms in other Iranian
                    languages means not ‘where’, but ‘who’, ‘which’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e237" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e298" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
                        <w>kāma</w>
                        <gloss><q>who</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e245" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e306" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
                        <w>kam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e312" xml:lang="ps"><w>kəm</w>
                        <gloss><q>which</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e257" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e318" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
                        <w>kyum</w>
                        <gloss><q>who</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e265" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e326" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
                        <w>kum</w>
                        <gloss><q>which</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e273" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e334" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
                        <w>kām</w>
                        <gloss><q>somebody</q></gloss></mentioned>; they are more likely to trace
                    back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*katama</hi> or <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ka</hi> + <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ama</hi> by meaning, rather than to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi>
                    (cf. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>s.v.
                            <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kam</hi></biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
        </body>
    </text>
</TEI>