<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tūlʒ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_tūlʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d2438e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tūlʒ</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tolʒæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2438e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>дуб</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>oak</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>Quercus</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>Quercus</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tulʒ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
            <def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_2">byn</ref></orth></form>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒǵyn</orth></form>
          </re>
          <re>
            <form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
          </re>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>дубовый лес</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>oak forest</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>дубовая роща</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>oak grove</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>дубрава</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>oakwood</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> также</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> is also </note>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">древесина дуба</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oak wood</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>дуб как материал</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>oak as a material</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>Tolʒgun</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <def xml:lang="ru">название местности и селения в Дигории</def>
            <def xml:lang="en">name of a locality and village in Digoria</def>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sbaddysty cʼæx næwyl styr <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>
              bælasy byn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они уселись на зеленой траве под большим
                дубом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sit down on the green grass under a great
                oak</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsænkʼ... tūlʒmæ bacyd æmæ jyn zaǧta:
                <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>! g˳yrkʼo radd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">блоха пошла к дубу и сказала ему: дуб! дай
                желудь</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the flea went to the oak and said to him: oak!
                give me an acorn</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
              <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">K˳yrttaty saw qædy <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> bælasy
              xædbyn... lægæt ærcaræʒta... Æfxærdty Gosæma</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в Куртатинском черном лесу под самым дубом
                устроила берлогу Афхардова Госама</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the Kurtatin black forest, under the very
                oak, Afhardova Gosama made a lair</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
              <biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ fat fexs <oRef>tūlʒyl</oRef>, æmæ kæd ūm
              axīza, wæd yn (nælx˳yjæn) īsty amal kænʒystæm</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусти стрелу в дуб, и если она пробьет его, то
                мы с ним (кабаном) как-нибудь справимся</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">shoot an arrow into an oak, and if it pierces
                it, then we will cope with (the boar) somehow</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 223</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy fæzmgæjæ īw xatt mæ eræʒypp
              ax<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230126T154547+0300" comment="почему этот символ?" id="k4h_tnj_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T220108+0300" parentID="k4h_tnj_rwb" comment="да, странно" mid="1"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>ston
                <oRef>tūlʒǵynmæ</oRef> memæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подражая людям, я взял однажды с собой мое
                ружье в дубовую рощу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">imitating people, I once took my gun with me to
                an oak grove</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в дигорском
              эсхатологическом тексте душа умершего, покидая тело, недоумевает:) </note>
            <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in the Digor
              eschatological text, the soul of the deceased, leaving the body, wonders: ) </note>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nurmæ dær kud xaston aci <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>
              kʼuduron!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как могла я до сих пор таскать этот дубовый
                чурбак!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how could I still carry this piece of oak
                wood!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Известна дигорская
            народная лирическая песня <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tolʒæ</q>, где каждый стих
            сопровождается рефреном: </note>
          <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">There is a famous
            Digor folk lyrical song <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tolʒæ</q>, where each verse is
            accompanied by a refrain: </note>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">woj, <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>,
              <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ой, дуб, дуб!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, oak, oak!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
              <biblScope>II 520</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>tölgy</w>
            <gloss><q>дуб</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(в старых памятниках отмечены написания <w>töl(fa)</w>,
                <w>tul(fa)</w>)</note></mentioned>. Происхождение этой важной алано-венгерской
          изоглоссы остается спорным. <quote><bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope>)</bibl> замечает: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Die
              Herkunft des Wortes ist sonst unbekannt</q></quote>. Некоторые финноугристы отстаивают
          финно-угорскую этимологию, привлекая <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
            <w>til'</w>
            <gloss><q>густой молодой хвойный лес</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>tel'</w>
            <gloss><q>мелкий лес</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>подлесок</q></gloss></mentioned>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu. Hung.</title>
              <biblScope xml:lang="ru">VI 330–333; ср. в том же журнале: I 326 и XIV
                56–58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
              <biblScope>279</biblScope></bibl>; ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
              <biblScope>1953 V 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bárczi</author>.
                <title>Magyar szófejtö szótár</title>. <pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>,
                <date>1941</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 316</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Однако большинство исследователей
          считают, что на почве уральских языков <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>tölgy</w></mentioned> не может быть разъяснено удовлетворительным образом, и видят в
          нем заимствование из аланского. В последнее время эту точку зрения отстаивает выдающийся
          финский ученый Aulis <name>Joki</name>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Moórs
              Ansicht über die ung. Herkunft des oss. Wortes ist abzulehnen, wie auch seine sehr
              komplizierte, unhaltbare Beweisführung für die ural. Herkunft des ung. Baumnamens</q>
            <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
              <biblScope>330</biblScope>)</bibl></quote>. Признав слово аланским, обращаемся к
          опытам иранской и индоевропейской этимологии. К сожалению, и они уязвимы со звуковой
          стороны. Сближение с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dāru</w>
            <gloss><q>дрова</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>taru</w>
            <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Вс. Миллер</author></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
          предполагает <c>u</c>-эпентезу (<w type="rec">dauru-</w>, <w type="rec">tauru-</w>). Между
          тем такая эпентеза — большая редкость в осетинском. Едва ли не единственный вполне
          надежный случай — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ors</w>
            <gloss><q>белый</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">au-ruša-</w> ← <w type="rec">aruša-</w></mentioned></note></ref>. В словах <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w>
            <gloss><q>много</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>paru-</w></mentioned></note></ref>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fus</w>
            <gloss><q>овца</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pasu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mud</w>
            <gloss><q>мед</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>madu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>
          имеем не <c>u</c>-эпентезу, а сужение гласного <c>a</c> в соседстве губного согласного; из
            <w type="rec">pauru-</w>, <w type="rec">pausu-</w>, <w type="rec">maudu-</w> мы имели бы
            <w type="rec">fūr</w> | <w>for</w> и т. д., а не <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w></ref> и т. д. Неясно
          также, почему в <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> имеем <c>l</c>, а не <c>r</c> (об условиях появления
            <c>l</c> в осетинском см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>35–41</biblScope></bibl>). В отношении <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>taru</w>
            <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss></mentioned> следует, кроме того, заметить, что оно стоит
          изолированно и само нуждается в разъяснении (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 484</biblScope></bibl>). Повисает в воздухе и конечное <c>-ʒ</c> |
            <c>-ʒæ</c> в <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">tolʒæ</oRef>. Ссылка, что такой же исход отмечен в названии другого дерева — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvylʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syvylʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sībulʒæ</w>
            <gloss><q>карагач</q></gloss></ref>, — явно недостаточна; в осетинском имеются десятки
          слов, исходящих на <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c>, не будучи названиями растений: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"><w>fynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>нос</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>палец</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsonʒ"><w>æfsonʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>ярмо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ronʒ"><w>ronʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>сукровица</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rynʒ"><w>rynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>звериная тропа</q></gloss></ref> и др. В рамках нормального звукового развития
            <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef> возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>taur(a)ti-</w></mentioned> (<c>-ti-</c> закономерно → <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c>,
            <c>r</c> → <c>l</c> под влиянием <c>i</c> в следующем слоге, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>палец</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">angurtti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w>
            <gloss><q>поездка</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bār(a)ti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w>
            <gloss><q>провизия</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwarti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>). Данная этимология позволяет рассматривать
            <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> как один из дериватов индоевропейской базы <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w>
            <gloss><q>мощный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, используемой, в
          частности, в названиях дерева и некоторых деревянных орудий, а также некоторых крупных
          животных; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>þollr</w>
            <gloss><q>сосна</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>бревно</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>tull</w>
            <gloss><q>верхушка дерева</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
              <w>tol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Dolle</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>уключина весла</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>τύλος</w>
            <gloss><q>колышек</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>деревянный гвоздь</q></gloss></mentioned>;
          далее: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>turъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>тур</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
              <w>taũras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
              <w>tauris</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>зубр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ταῦρος</w>
            <gloss><q>бык</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Для развития значения <q>дуб</q> —
            <q>зубр</q> (<q>мощное дерево</q> — <q>мощное животное</q>) ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">dombu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>do̧bъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>дуб</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dombaj" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>dombaj</w>
            <gloss><q>зубр</q></gloss></ref>. — На арийской почве с ос. <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> связано,
          возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="khw" extralang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>tūr</w>
            <gloss><q>горный ясень</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                <biblScope>II 255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
            <biblScope>609</biblScope></bibl>;
              <bibl><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230126T162544+0300" comment="просто так?" id="ttt_w4j_rwb"?><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <biblScope>IV 380, V 320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu.
              Hung.</title>
            <biblScope>VI 330–333</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 331</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>330</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>tölgy</w>
            <gloss><q>oak</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(writings <w>töl(fa)</w>, <w>tul(fa)</w>)</note></mentioned> were
          noted in old manuscripts. The origin of this important Alan-Hungarian isogloss remains
          debatable. <quote><bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope>)</bibl> notes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Die
              Herkunft des Wortes ist sonst unbekannt</q></quote>. Some Finno-Ugric specialists
          defend the Finno-Ugric etymology, drawing on <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
            <w>til'</w>
            <gloss><q>dense young coniferous forest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
            <w>tel'</w>
            <gloss><q>small forest</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>undergrowth</q></gloss></mentioned>
          <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu. Hung.</title>
              <biblScope xml:lang="en">VI 330–333; cf. in the same journal: I 326 and XIV
                56–58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
              <biblScope>279</biblScope></bibl>; cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
              <biblScope>1953 V 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bárczi</author>.
                <title>Magyar szófejtö szótár</title>. <pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>,
                <date>1941</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 316</biblScope></bibl>)</note>.
          However, most researchers believe that <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
            <w>tölgy</w></mentioned> cannot be explained in a satisfactory way on the basis of the
          Uralic languages, and they see an Alan borrowing in it. Recently, this point of view has
          been defended by an outstanding Finnish researcher Aulis <name>Joki</name>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Moórs Ansicht über die ung. Herkunft des oss. Wortes
              ist abzulehnen, wie auch seine sehr komplizierte, unhaltbare Beweisführung für die
              ural. Herkunft des ung. Baumnamens</q>
            <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
              <biblScope>330</biblScope>)</bibl></quote>. Recognizing the word as Alanian, we turn
          to the findings of Iranian and Indo-European etymology. Unfortunately, they are also
          vulnerable phonetically. Rapprochement with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>dāru</w>
            <gloss><q>firewood</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>taru</w>
            <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Ws.
              Miller</author></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned> suggest the epenthesis of <c>u</c>
            (<w type="rec">dauru-</w>, <w type="rec">tauru-</w>). Meanwhile, such epenthesis is a
          rarity in Ossetic. Almost the only completely reliable case is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ors</w>
            <gloss><q>white</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">au-ruša-</w> ← <w type="rec">aruša-</w></mentioned></note></ref>. In the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w>
            <gloss><q>much</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>paru-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fus</w>
            <gloss><q>sheep</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pasu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mud</w>
            <gloss><q>honey</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>madu-</w></mentioned></note></ref> we do not have <c>u</c>-epenthesis but the
          narrowing of the vowel <c>a</c> in the presence of a labial consonant; <w type="rec">pauru-</w>, <w type="rec">pausu-</w>, <w type="rec">maudu-</w> would have yielded <w type="rec">fūr</w> | <w>for</w> etc. and not <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w></ref> etc. It is also
          unclear why in <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> we have <c>l</c> and not <c>r</c> (on the conditions for
          the appearance of <c>l</c> in Ossetic, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>35–41</biblScope></bibl>). As for <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>taru</w>
            <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss></mentioned>, it is, moreover, noteworthy that it stands in
          isolation and needs to be explained itself (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 484</biblScope></bibl>). The final <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> in <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">tolʒæ</oRef> is
          unaccounted for as well. The reference to the same final in the name of another tree, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvylʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syvylʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sībulʒæ</w>
            <gloss><q>elm</q></gloss></ref>, is clearly insufficient; Ossetic has dozens of words
          ending in <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> that are not names of plants: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"><w>fynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>nose</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>finger</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsonʒ"><w>æfsonʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>yoke</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ronʒ"><w>ronʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>ichor</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rynʒ"><w>rynʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>animal trail</q></gloss></ref> etc. As part of normal phonetic development,
            <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef> is traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>taur(a)ti-</w></mentioned> (<c>-ti-</c> → <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> in a regular way,
            <c>r</c> → <c>l</c> influenced by <c>i</c> in the next syllable, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
            <gloss><q>finger</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">angurtti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w>
            <gloss><q>trip</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bār(a)ti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w>
            <gloss><q>provisions</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwarti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>). This etymology allows us to consider
            <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> as one of the derivates of the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w>
            <gloss><q>powerful</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss></mentioned> used, in
          particular, in the names of a tree and some wooden tools, as well as some large animals;
          cf. <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
            <w>þollr</w>
            <gloss><q>pine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>log</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
            <w>tull</w>
            <gloss><q>treetop</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
              <w>tol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
              <w>Dolle</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>oar rowlock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>τύλος</w>
            <gloss><q>peg</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wooden nail</q></gloss></mentioned>; further:
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
              <w>turъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
              <w>tur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
              <w>taũras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
              <w>tauris</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>bison</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>ταῦρος</w>
            <gloss><q>bull</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. For the semantic development <q>oak</q> —
            <q>bison</q> (<q>powerful tree</q> — <q>powerful animal</q>), cf. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">dombu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>do̧bъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>dub</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dombaj" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>dombaj</w>
            <gloss><q>bison</q></gloss></ref>. — On the Aryan basis, Ossetic <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>
          relates, perhaps, to <mentioned xml:lang="khw" extralang="ydg"><lang/>
            <w>tūr</w>
            <gloss><q>mountain ashetree</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                <biblScope>II 255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
            <biblScope>609</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
            <biblScope>IV 380, V 320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu.
              Hung.</title>
            <biblScope>VI 330–333</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 331</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
            <biblScope>330</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>