<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xætæl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    </encodingDesc>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xætæl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d3537e66" type="lemma"><orth>xætæl</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d3537e69" n="1">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>стебель</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>stalk</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>труба</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>pipe</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>трубка</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>tube</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="3">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ствол ружья</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>gun barrel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>ружье</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>rifle</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (на языке охотников, вместо <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topp_1"/>)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (in the language of hunters, instead of  <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topp_1"/>)</note>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense xml:lang="os-x-digor" n="4">
          <usg><lang/></usg>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>свирель</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>flute</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; и. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wadynʒ"/> id</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; Iron <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wadynʒ"/>
            id</note>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īwgæjttæj agūrys farony
              <oRef>xætæltæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты ищешь (для пропитания) одинокие прошлогодние
                стебельки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are looking for lonely last yearʼs stalks
                (to use as food)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bydyry xūs <oRef>xætæltyl</oRef> art
              sīrvæzt</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в степи загорелись сухие стебли</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dry stems caught fire in the steppe</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Аргъ."/>
              <biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæmīt zymæg wydīs æmæ x˳ymty
                <oRef>xætæl</oRef> æmbyrd kodtoj æmæ syǧtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">была бесснежная зима, и (люди) собирали на
                полях стебли и жгли</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it was a snowless winter, and (people) gathered
                stems in the fields and burned them</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1961 IV 23</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ qūlon bæx <oRef>xætæltyl</oRef>
              xīzy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их пегая лошадь пасется на стеблях (на
                стерне)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their piebald horse grazes on the stalks (on
                the stubble)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
              <biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">inkubatormæ ǧar cæwuj
              <oRef>xætæltæbæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в инкубаторы тепло поступает по трубам</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">heat is supplied to the incubators through
                pipes</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>V 58</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="3">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">toppy <oRef>xætælyl</oRef> fæbyry mælʒyg,
              ʒyxmæ’ sxæccæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">по стволу ружья ползет муравей, достиг дула</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an ant is crawling along the barrel of a gun,
                it has reached the muzzle</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>219</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz <oRef>avdxætælon</oRef> qrīmag
              sivtyǧton</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я зарядил семиствольное крымское ружье</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I loaded a seven-barreled Crimean gun</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 364</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ors Eliaj kʼæræxtæ næ woʒænæncæ, fal Wæxatægi
              furt minkʼij Xujmani <oRef>xætæli</oRef> ǧærtæ ʽncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то не гром Белого Елиа, но выстрелы ружья
                маленького Хуймана сына Уахатага</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this is not the thunder of White Elia, but the
                shots of the gun of little Huiman, son of Wakhatag</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 130</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Acæmæz... isarazuj æ fidi xæzna — saw
              æftudditæ suǧzærīnæ <oRef>xætæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ацамаз налаживает (унаследованное) от отца
                сокровище — золотую свирель с черной насечкой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Atsamaz repairs the treasure (inherited) from
                his father, a golden pipe with a black notch</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>55<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">25—27</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ <oRef>xætæli</oRef> caǧd zærdæ
              ælxænuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его игра на свирели пленяет сердце</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his flute playing captivates the heart</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>60<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">251</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ zaræn <oRef>xætæl</oRef> niccaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он заиграл на своей певучей свирели</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he played his melodious flute</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">siwinc’ux <oRef>xætæl</oRef>...</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свирель с роговым наконечником...</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">horn-tipped flute...</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fijjawtæ <oRef>xætælæj</oRef> ojasæ isdæsni
              æncæ æma kæræʒej ʒubandi lædærdtæncæ <oRef>xætælæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастухи стали настолько искусны (в игре) на
                свирели, что понимали речь друг друга с помощью свирели</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shepherds became so skillful (in playing)
                flute that they understood each otherʼs speech with the help of the flute</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wærxæg... duwwadæs baagurdta
                <oRef>xætælc</oRef> æǧdgutæj, duwwadæs ba kafgutæj otemaj ranæxstær æj
              (osgor)</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Уархаг отыскал 12 свирельников, 12 плясунов и
                таким образом отправился (свататься)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Warkhag found 12 pipes, 12 dancers and thus set
                off (to woo)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 75</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, субстратного (кавказского) происхождения. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>xetolg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>xutal</w>
            <gloss><q>стебель вьющегося или ползучего растения</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
                  (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Инг.-чеч.-русск. сл.</title>
                <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Грозный</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 166</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
                166</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>454</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>satäl</w>
            <gloss><q>подзорная труба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>kʼvädäl</w>
            <gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xītalæg"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Probably of substrate (Caucasian) origin. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
            <w>xetolg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
            <w>xutal</w>
            <gloss><q>stem of a vine or climbing plant</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Ing.-čeč.-russk. sl. [Ingush-Chechen-Russian dictionary]</title>.
                  <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Grozny</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 166</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
                166</biblScope></bibl>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
                <biblScope>454</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>satäl</w>
            <gloss><q>spyglass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
            <w>kʼvädäl</w>
            <gloss><q>rod</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xītalæg"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
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