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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">az</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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        <body>
            <entry xml:id="entry_az" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T184057+0300" comment="checked"?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5733e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>az</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <form xml:id="form_d5733e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>anz</orth></form>
                <sense xml:id="sense_d5733e72">
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>год</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                    <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>year</q>
                    </abv:tr>
                </sense>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5733e82">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e84">
                        <quote>yssæʒ <oRef>azmæ</oRef> azgaj æxx˳yrsty cydtæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>до 20 лет я из года в год нанимался батраком</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Until the age of 20, year after year I went to (work as) a
                                farmhand</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
                            <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e103">
                        <quote>dywwæ <oRef>azy</oRef> k˳y acydīs…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>когда минуло два года…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>when two years passed…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
                            <biblScope>I 38</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>max omæn ali <oRef>anz</oRef> kuvd kænæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>мы ему каждый год устраиваем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yvd">kuvd</ref> (молитвенное пиршество)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>we organize <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kuvd</hi> (prayer feast)
                                for him every year</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
                            <biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e144" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>Soslan ew kʼwar <oRef>anzej</oRef> fæste
                            <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T171053+0300" comment="what is this word? it is not found in dictionaries, looks like a particle or preverb"?>cid<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                            cæwidæ afæjbalci</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>Сослан через (каждые) несколько лет имел обыкновение отправляться в
                                годичную поездку</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>Soslan used to go on a year-long trip each several years</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
                            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>avd <oRef>anzi</oRef> ci xwar læwdtæj ævardæj wæjgutæmæ…</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>хлеб, который семь лет лежал спрятанный у великанов…</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>bread that had been hidden by the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæjyg"><foreign>wæyug</foreign>s</ref> for seven
                                years …</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
                            <biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">10</hi></biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d5733e189" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote><oRef>anz</oRef> duwwæ-ærtæ xatti ʒillæbæl ærzelidæ æ mizd
                            esunmæ</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>два-три раза в год он обходил общество, собирая свою плату</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>two or three times a year he went around the
                                <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T182054+0300" comment="общество - the term of a kind of group of mountain settlements"?>community<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
                                collecting his wages</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
                            <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl> предположительно сближает <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">az</oRef> | <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">anz</w> с
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e364" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e217" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>azan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e369" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e222" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>áhan-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>день</q></gloss></mentioned> через промежуточную форму <w type="rec">azᵃn</w>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Этимологию
                        Миллера повторяет, не ссылаясь на него, <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>
                                (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
                            <biblScope>LII 41</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> не говоря об исторической
                    долготе начального гласного в осетинском, следует отметить, что старые иранские
                    основы на <c>-an</c> (<c>-man</c>) не удерживают в осетинском конечного
                        <c>-n</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
                        <gloss><q>жеребец</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>vṛšan-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nom"><w>nom</w>
                        <gloss><q>имя</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nāman-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"><w>carm</w>
                        <gloss><q>шкура</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čarman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w>
                        <gloss><q>петля</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> и др. С другой стороны,
                    известно, что дигорские группы <c>nz</c>, <c>ns</c> восходят обычно к <c>zm</c>,
                        <c>sm</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzmyn"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fænzun</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fæzmyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w>fæns</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w>fæsm</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pašm</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w>casm</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sasm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sasm</w></ref>. На основе этих соответствий мы могли
                    бы иронскую форму восстановить в виде <w type="rec">azm-</w> и возвести слово к
                        <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āsmān</w>
                        <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e400" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e253" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e405" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e258" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e410" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e263" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>yʼsm</w> (<w>i-asm</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e415" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e268" xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>asmā̆n-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e420" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e273" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>áśman-</w></mentioned>; для перехода <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæz"><w>xsæz</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">xšaš</w>)</note></ref>; озвончение
                        <c>s</c> в данном слове наблюдается и в других иранских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e281" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>āžmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e433" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e286" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>āzmen</w>, <w>azmān</w>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр.
                                149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e443" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e296" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                        <w>āzmān</w>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                                <biblScope>I 236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e453" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e306" xml:lang="yai"><lang>Ягн.</lang>
                        <w>yāsa</w>
                        <gloss><q>год</q></gloss></mentioned> вряд ли сюда относится (← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e461" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e314" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
                        <w>yaš</w></mentioned>). Зато напрашивается на сближение <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e466" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e319" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>āšma</w>, <w>ash</w>
                        <gloss><q>месяц</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 149,
                                279</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Семантика
                            <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>год</q></gloss> в некоторых
                    языках выступает еще как живая: в чамальском (Дагестан) в диалектах имеем:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e479" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e332" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
                        <w>rešin</w>
                        <gloss><q>год</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e490" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e343" xml:lang="cji"><w>jehi</w>
                        <gloss><q>год</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>небо</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(сообщение А. А.
                            <name>Бокарева</name>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>19, 126</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en"><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
                        <biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> conjecturally derives <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">az</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">anz</oRef> from
                            <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e217" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e364" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
                            <w>azan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e222" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e369" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                            <w>áhan-</w></mentioned>
                        <gloss><q>day</q></gloss></mentioned> via intermediate form <w type="rec">azᵃn</w>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Millerʼs etymology is
                        repeated (without references) by <bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
                            <biblScope>LII 41</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> not to mention the
                    inherited length of the initial vowel in Ossetic, it should be noted that old
                    Iranian stems in
                        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T182616+0300" comment="same suffix or different?"?><c>-an</c>
                        (<c>-man</c>)<?oxy_comment_end ?> do not preserve the final <c>-n</c> in
                    Ossetic: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsæ"><w>æfsæ</w>
                        <gloss><q>stallion</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>vṛšan-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nom"><w>nom</w>
                        <gloss><q>name</q></gloss> (← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nāman-</w></mentioned>)</ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"><w>carm</w>
                        <gloss><q>hide</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čarman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w>
                        <gloss><q>loop</q></gloss>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> etc. On the other hand, it is
                    known that the Digor clusters <c>nz</c>, <c>ns</c> usually go back to <c>zm</c>,
                        <c>sm</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzmyn"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fænzun</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fæzmyn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w>fæns</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w>fæsm</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pašm</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w>casm</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čašman</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sasm"><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sans</w> — <lang xml:lang="os-x-iron"/>
                        <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sasm</w></ref>. On the basis of these
                    correspondences, we could reconstruct the Iron form as <w type="rec">azm-</w>
                    and derive it from the word <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āsmān</w>
                        <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e400" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
                        <w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e405" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
                        <w>āsmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e410" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
                        <w>yʼsm</w> (<w>i-asm</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e415" xml:lang="ae" extralang="peo"><lang/>
                        <w>asmā̆n-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e420" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
                        <w>áśman-</w></mentioned>; for the change <c>s</c> → <c>z</c> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsæz"><w>xsæz</w>
                        <note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">xšaš</w>)</note></ref>; the voicing of
                        <c>s</c> in this word is also attested in other Iranian languages:
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e281" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e428" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
                        <w>āžmān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e433" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>āzmen</w>, <w>azmān</w>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. IV, p.
                            149</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e296" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e443" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
                        <w>āzmān</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
                        <biblScope>I 236</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e306" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e453" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
                        <w>yāsa</w>
                        <gloss><q>year</q></gloss></mentioned> is unlikely to be related (←
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e314" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e461" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
                        <w>yaš</w></mentioned>). But it is natural to compare the Ossetic word to
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e466" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
                        <w>āšma</w>, <w>ash</w>
                        <gloss><q>month</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
                                <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 149,
                                279</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The semantics
                            <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>year</q></gloss> is still alive in
                    some languages: in Chamalal dialects (Daghestan) we find <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e332" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e479" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
                        <w>rešin</w>
                        <gloss><q>year</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></mentioned>,
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5733e343" xml:id="mentioned_d5733e490" xml:lang="cji"><lang/>
                        <w>jehi</w>
                        <gloss><q>year</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sky</q></gloss>
                        <note type="bibl">(A. A. <name>Bokarev</name>, personal
                            communication)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
                        <biblScope>19, 126</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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