<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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            <titleStmt>
                <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒwar</hi></title>
            </titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
                        <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
                        <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
                        <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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            <entry xml:id="entry_ʒwar" xml:lang="os">
                <form xml:id="form_d4388e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒwar</orth></form>
                <form xml:id="form_d4388e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒiwaræ</orth></form>
                <sense n="1" xml:id="sense_ʒwar.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>крест</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>cross</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <sense n="2" xml:id="sense_ʒwar.2"><sense xml:id="sense_d4388e83"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>святой</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>saint</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4388e92"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>божество</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>deity</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4388e101"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>святилище</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>sanctuary</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                <sense n="3" xml:id="sense_ʒwar.3"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                        <q>оспа</q>
                    </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                        <q>smallpox</q>
                    </abv:tr></sense>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e122">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e124" type="lemma"><orth>ʒwar æftuwyn</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e127"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>венчаться</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>get marry in church</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e138">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e140" type="lemma"><orth>ʒorttæ ftawyn (xīwyl)</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e143"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>креститься</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>cross oneself</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e154">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e156" type="lemma"><orth>ʒwary læg</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e159"><sense xml:id="sense_d4388e160"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>человек, приставленный к святилищу</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>man assigned to the sanctuary</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4388e169"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>жрец</q>
                            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>priest</q>
                            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e180">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e182" type="lemma"><orth>Xetæǵy ʒwar</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e185"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>святилище Хетаг</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e192">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e194" type="lemma"><orth>lægty ʒwar</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e197"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>бог-патрон мужчин</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>patron deity of men</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4388e208">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e210">
                        <quote>Tutyry ærtyccæǵy k˳urd… æxxormagæj ʒwærttæ skæny, æmæ ucy ʒwærttæj
                            kæmæ wā.. ūmæn cæst tyx næ kæny</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в среду (праздника) Тутыр кузнец натощак изготовляет кресты, и у кого
                                имеется из этих крестов, тому нет сглазу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>on an empty stomach a blacksmith makes crosses on Wednesday (of the
                                holiday) Tutyr, and whoever has these crosses has no evil eye</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e229">
                        <quote>cwanon jæxīwyl ʒwar baftydta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>охотник перекрестился</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the hunter crossed himself</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e250">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e252" type="lemma"><orth>ʒwaræværd</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e255"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>положенный крест-накрест</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>lying criss-cross</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                </re>
                <re xml:id="re_d4388e266">
                    <form xml:id="form_d4388e268" type="lemma"><orth>ʒwarsa</orth></form>
                    <sense xml:id="sense_d4388e271"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>со скрещенными рогами</q>
                        </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>with crossed horns</q>
                        </abv:tr></sense>
                    <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4388e281">
                        <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e283">
                            <quote>sæǧtīmæ wydis īw ʒwarsa cæw</quote>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                                <q>с козами был один козел со скрещенными рогами</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                                <q>there was one goat with crossed horns among the goats</q>
                            </abv:tr>
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
                        </abv:example>
                    </abv:exampleGrp>
                </re>
                <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4388e304">
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e306">
                        <quote>ūj jæ … ʒwarmæ akodta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>он повел его к святилищу</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>he took him to the sanctuary</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><biblScope>141</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e324">
                        <quote>kæj næ nom yssardtoj X˳ycawæj, ʒwaræj, mardæj, axæm nīkwal
                            bazzad</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>не осталось никого, кого бы они не помянули: Бога, дзуаров,
                                покойников</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>there was no one left who they would not remember: God, dzwars, the
                                deceased</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e343">
                        <quote>dæ xorzæx, næ žwar, mæ kūvīnægtæ myn ajs</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>да будет твоя милость, наш дзуар, прими мои молитвенные
                                приношения</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>may worth your mercy, our dzuar, accept my prayer offerings</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
                            179</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e362" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
                        <usg><lang/></usg>
                        <quote>xonxæj, buduræj kæmi ci roxs ʒiwærttæ es, wonæn se ʽnxwæcemæn dær
                            barst fæwæd</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>в горах ли, на равнине ли, где есть какие светлые дзуары, им всем
                                пусть будет посвящена (молитва)</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>either in the mountains or on the plain, where there are some light
                                dzuars, let (the prayer) be dedicated to all of them</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e384">
                        <quote>styr ʒwar ū Raǧy ʒwar</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>велик дзуар (местности) Раг</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>dzuar (of the place) Rag is great</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e404">
                        <quote>zyny īw k˳y baxawdysty wæd īw ʒwary dær felǧystoj</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>когда попадали в трудное положение, то и дзуара проклинали</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>when they got into a difficult situation, then they curse dzuar</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e423">
                        <quote>axæm ʒwar syvællon nīk˳y is: æxsæv kæm x˳yssy, ūj nīḱī
                            bazonʒæn</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>такого тихого („подобного дзуару“) ребенка нигде нет: нельзя узнать,
                                где он ночью спит</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>such a quiet ("dzuar-like") child is found nowhere: you cannot find
                                out where he sleeps at night</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                    <abv:example xml:id="example_d4388e442">
                        <quote>ʒwary læg tyrysajy q˳ytæztæ bacaǧta</quote>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                            <q>жрец зазвенел колокольчиками знамени</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                            <q>the priest rang the bells of the banner</q>
                        </abv:tr>
                        <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
                    </abv:example>
                </abv:exampleGrp>
                <etym xml:lang="ru">Как и ряд других терминов, связанных с христианской пропагандой
                    и культом, идет из грузинского: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e617" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e464" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯvari</w>
                        <gloss><q>крест</q></gloss></mentioned>. Расширение значения в сторону
                    ‘божество’, ‘святилище’ вытекает из религиозной символики ‘креста’; ср. такую же
                    семантику грузинского <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e625" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e472" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>xatʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>образ</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e633" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e480" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>икона</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e639" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e486" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>святилище</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e645" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e492" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>святой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e652" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e499" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>божество</q></gloss></mentioned>. Оспа называлась <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒwar</hi>
                    ‘божество’ эвфемистически, так как считалось, что она насылается божеством <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Alardy"/> (см. это слово). На почве аналогичных
                    представлений сербы называли оспу „богинями“, монголы — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e660" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e507" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
                        <w>burxat</w>
                        <gloss><q>боги</q></gloss></mentioned>, грузины — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e668" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e515" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>batʼonebi</w>
                        <gloss><q>господа</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. (см.: <bibl><author>Д.
                            Зеленин</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Табу слов… II. Сб. Музея
                            антрополог. и этнограф. IX, § 150 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Из грузинского и
                    осетинского слово проникло в другие языки Кавказа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e681" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e528" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯor</w>
                        <gloss><q>крест</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e690" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e537" xml:lang="ady"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>идол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e696" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e543" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>žor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e701" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e548" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e706" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e553" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>zor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e709" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e556" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-ǯàr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e714" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e561" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>zharg</w>
                        <gloss><q>крест</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e723" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e570" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯvari</w></mentioned> не является, по-видимому, коренным (картвельским)
                    словом. Оно сближается с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e728" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e575" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>zovarakʼi</w>
                        <gloss><q>жертвоприношение</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Марр и
                            Смирнов</author><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Вишапы. Л., 1931, стр.
                            88</biblScope></bibl>) и вместе с последним словом может восходить к
                        <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e741" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e588" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                        <w>zōhr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e746" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e593" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>zauθra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>жертвоприношение</q></gloss></mentioned>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 79</biblScope></bibl>;
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>87, 105, 325</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
                <etym xml:lang="en">Like a number of other terms associated with Christian
                    propaganda and cult, it comes from Georgian: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e464" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e617" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯvari</w>
                        <gloss><q>cross</q></gloss></mentioned>. The expansion of the meaning
                    towards ‘deity’, ‘sanctuary’ follows from the religious symbolism of the
                    ‘cross’; cf. the same semantics of the Georgian word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e472" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e625" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>xatʼ</w>
                        <gloss><q>image</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e480" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e633" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>holy image</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e486" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e639" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>sanctuary</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e492" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e645" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>saint</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e499" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e652" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>deity</q></gloss></mentioned>. Smallpox was called <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒwar</hi>
                    ‘deity’ as euphemism because it was believed that it was sent by the deity <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Alardy"/> (see this word). On the basis of similar
                    ideas, the Serbs called smallpox “goddesses”, the Mongols called it <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e507" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e660" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
                        <w>burxat</w>
                        <gloss><q>gods</q></gloss></mentioned>, the Georgians called it <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e515" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e668" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>batʼonebi</w>
                        <gloss><q>gentlemen</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (see: <bibl><author>D.
                            Zelenin</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Word taboo… II. Collection of the antropology and
                            ethnography museum IX, § 150 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The word came into
                    other languages ​​of the Caucasus form Georgian and Ossetic: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e528" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e681" xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯor</w>
                        <gloss><q>cross</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e537" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e690" xml:lang="ady"><w/>
                        <gloss><q>idol</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e543" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e696" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
                        <w>žor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e548" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e701" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e553" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e706" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>zor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e556" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e709" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
                        <w>a-ǯàr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e561" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e714" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
                        <w>zharg</w>
                        <gloss><q>cross</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e570" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e723" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>ǯvari</w></mentioned> is not apparently a native (Kartvelian) word. It
                    relates to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e575" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e728" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
                        <w>zovarakʼi</w>
                        <gloss><q>sacrifice</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Marr,
                            Smirnov.</author><biblScope xml:lang="en">Vishapakars. Leningrad., 1931, p.
                            88</biblScope></bibl>) and could trace back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e588" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e741" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
                        <w>zōhr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4388e593" xml:id="mentioned_d4388e746" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
                        <w>zauθra-</w>
                        <gloss><q>sacrifice</q></gloss></mentioned> together with the latter
                            word.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>. —
                            <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>87, 105,
                            325</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
            </entry>
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