<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsynyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
      </tagsDecl>
    </encodingDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7xsynyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3255e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsynyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsyd</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsinun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsid</orth></form></form>
        <sense n="1">
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3255e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>грызть</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>gnaw</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>глодать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>browse</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense n="2">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>чесать шерсть</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>comb wool</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pīryn"/></note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pīryn"/></note>
          <re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg>
              <orth>æxsinæn(tæ)</orth></form>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чесалка для шерсти</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pīræn"/></note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pīræn"/></note>
          </re>
        </sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Fsati <oRef>xsyny</oRef> aǧd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Фсати (бог охоты) гложет ляжку (животного)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Fsati (god of hunting) gnaws on the thigh of an
                animal</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batyraʒ jæ byltæ <oRef>axsydta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батрадз (в досаде) закусил губы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batyraʒ bit his lips in annoyance</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æncad badynæj æstæg <oRef>æxsynyn</oRef>
              xvyzdær</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чем сидеть праздно, лучше (хоть) глодать
                кость</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">instead of sitting idly, it is better to at
                least gnaw a bone</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">пословица</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope></bibl>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III 236</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew iong isiston ma ‘j
              <oRef>baxsidton</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я достал одну часть (туши) и сгрыз ее</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I took out one part of the carcass and ate
                it</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nartixwari qozgæ <oRef>ænxæst</oRef> æxsit
                <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(sic!)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(sic!)</note> næma fæcæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кукурузный початок еще не весь был обгрызав
                (лошадью)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the corncob has not yet been completely gnawed
                (by a horse)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>243<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæxæradonæbæl kawæ bid næ jes, æma imæ fons
              cæwuncæ ma in æ kʼalewtæ baxsidtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сад не огорожен плетнем, и туда заходит скот, и
                обгрызли его ветви</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the corncob has not yet been completely gnawed
                (by a horse)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>273<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Četwan... wærǧ˳yn æxsyny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Четуан чешет шерсть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Chetwan is carding wool</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1972 VII 40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsīnæ... sæddændagon æxsinæntæbæl... ǧun
                <oRef>æxsidta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахсина на стозубой чесалке чесала шерсть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhsina was combing wool on a hundred-tooth
                comb</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 66</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zajgæ ku kæna osæ, wæd coribadæg
                <oRef>æxsinæntæ</oRef> ærbaxæssuj æma in æj æ niværzæn nikkænuj, cæmæj imæ sajtan ma
              ‘ndewa; sajtan ba æfsæjnagæj qæbær tærsuj, buston dær ba
              <oRef>æxsinæntæj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда женщина рожает, то сиделка (повитуха)
                приносит чесалку и ставит ей в изголовье, чтобы шайтан не смел к ней (подойти);
                шайтан очень боится железа, в особенности чесалки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a woman gives birth, the nurse (midwife)
                brings a comb and puts it at the head so that the shaytan does not dare to approach
                her; Satan is very afraid of iron, especially combs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xšin-</w> : <w type="rec">xšita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kšin-</w> : <w type="rec">kšita-</w>
            <gloss><q>портить</q>, <q>разрушать</q>, <q>сводить на нет</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <oRef>xsynyn</oRef> относится к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyjyn</w>
            <gloss><q>изнашиваться</q>, <q>истощаться</q>, <q>иссякать</q></gloss></ref> как актив к
          медиуму; <oRef>xsynyn</oRef> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣiṇāti</w>
            <gloss><q>портит</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"/>
          = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vi-kṣīyate</w>
            <gloss><q>сходит на нет</q>, <q>гибнет</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. такое же отношение:
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0ynyn"><w>skʼ˳ynyn</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0ijyn"><w>skʼ˳yjyn</w>
            <gloss><q>рваться</q></gloss></ref>. Сюда же <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>fexsujun</w>
            <gloss><q>изнашиваться</q></gloss></ref> и т. п. вместо <w>fexsijun</w>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syjyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujun</w>
            <gloss><q>мерзнуть</q></gloss></ref> вместо <w>sijun</w> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syjyn"/>). На иранской почве ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>*axši-</w> (<w>fyšy-</w>) <gloss><q>глодать</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <date>1955</date>
                <biblScope>XVII 481</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и, может быть, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>x̌itum</w>
            <gloss><q>заяц</q></gloss></mentioned> из
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230402T121743+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w>*xšita-duma-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>æxsid</w>-<w>dum</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">с обгрызенным хвостом</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>куцый</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
                <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. С известной осторожностью
          можно отнести сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xšān</w>
            <gloss><q>жвачка</q></gloss></mentioned>, если допустить <c>а-</c>умлаут. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">xšin-</w> : <w type="rec">xšita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">kšin-</w> : <w type="rec">kšita-</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>spoil</q>, <q>destroy</q>, <q>nullify</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <oRef>xsynyn</oRef> refers to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyjyn</w>
            <gloss><q>fray</q>, <q>dwindle</q>, <q>dry up</q></gloss></ref> as an active voice to
          the middle one; <oRef>xsynyn</oRef> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣiṇāti</w>
            <gloss><q>spoils</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"/>
          = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>vi-kṣīyate</w>
            <gloss><q>fades away</q>, <q>perishes</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. the same relation:
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0ynyn"><w>skʼ˳ynyn</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0ijyn"><w>skʼ˳yjyn</w>
            <gloss><q>sever</q></gloss></ref>. Also here <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>fexsujun</w>
            <gloss><q>frazzle</q></gloss></ref> etc. instead of <w>fexsijun</w>, as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syjyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujun</w>
            <gloss><q>freeze</q></gloss></ref> instead of <w>sijun</w> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syjyn"/>). Cf. in the Iranian languages <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>*axši-</w> (<w>fyšy-</w>) <gloss><q>gnaw</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <date>1955</date>
                <biblScope>XVII 481</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> and may be <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
            <w>x̌itum</w>
            <gloss><q>hare</q></gloss></mentioned> from
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230402T121743+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w>*xšita-duma-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
            <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
            <w>æxsid</w>-<w>dum</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with a gnawed tail</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>stubby</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
                <biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. With some caution, one can
          include here <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
            <w>xšān</w>
            <gloss><q>gum</q></gloss></mentioned>, if <c>а-</c>umlaut is allowed. — Cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fexsujun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
            <biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>