<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yssæʒ</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_yssæʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d5002e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>yssæʒ</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>insæj</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5002e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>двадцать</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>twenty</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Служит единицей счета: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>æstdæs</w>
              <w>æmæ</w>
              <oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef></phr>
            <gloss><q>38</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и двадцать</q></gloss>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и
              двадцать</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dywwisæʒy"/>
          <gloss><q>40</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">две
            двадцадки</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ærtissæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">три
              двадцадки</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cypparyssæʒy"/>
          <gloss><q>80</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">четыре
            двадцадки</q></gloss>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fonʒyssæʒy"/> (рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sædæ"/>) <gloss><q>100</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пять двадцадок</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsæzyssæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>120</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">шесть
              двадцадок</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dywwadæsyssæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>240</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">двенадцать
                двадцадок</q></gloss>)</mentioned> и т. д.</note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Serves as a tally: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>æstdæs</w>
              <w>æmæ</w>
              <oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef></phr>
            <gloss><q>38</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и двадцать</q></gloss>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">eighteen and
            twenty</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dywwisæʒy"/>
          <gloss><q>40</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">two
          twenty</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ærtissæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">three
              twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cypparyssæʒy"/>
          <gloss><q>80</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">four
          twenty</q></gloss>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fonʒyssæʒy"/> (near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sædæ"/>) <gloss><q>100</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">five twenty</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsæzyssæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>120</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">six
              twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dywwadæsyssæʒy</w>
            <gloss><q>240</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twelve
              twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned> etc.</note>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>æssæʒæm</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>insæjmag</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двадцатый</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">twentieth</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>yssæʒ</oRef> azmæ azgaj æxx˳yrsty
              cydtæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">до двадцати лет я из года в год ходил в
                батраках</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I worked as a farmhand from year to year until
                I was twenty</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tūǧanyl <oRef>yssæʒ</oRef> azy acyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тугану исполнилось двадцать лет</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tugan turned twenty years old</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg iræd dæs æmæ <oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef> tūmany
              radta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Зарбег отдал калым тридцать туманов (300
                рублей)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg gave thirty tomans (300 rubles) as a
                dowry</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw æmæ ‘ssæʒ tūmany jeddæmæ mæm næj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у меня только 21 туман (210 рублей)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have only 21 toman (210 rubles)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
              <biblScope>II 253</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæfy g˳ybyny razynd dywwadæsyssæʒ k‘ūxǵyn
              cyraǧdaræny</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во чреве рыбы оказалось 240 подсвечников с
                ручками</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were 240 candlesticks with handles in the
                belly of the fish</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>IV 16</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Asægo... dæs æma <oRef>insæj</oRef> ivazi æ
              dærǧcæ kæmæn adtæj wæxæn bælasæ æd buntæ ‘studta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Асаго вырвал с корнями дерево высотой в
                тридцать саженей</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Asægo uprooted a tree thirty fathoms high</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">14—15</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Digori ældærttæ radʒænæncæ æxsæz
                <oRef>insæj</oRef> lægi</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дигорские алдары выставят сто двадцать человек
                (воинов)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Digor Aldars will field one hundred and twenty
                people (warriors)</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*winsati</w></mentioned> (рядом
          с <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*wisati</w></mentioned>). Конечный <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-ʒ</c><c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-j</c> из <c>-ti</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">k˳yʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kuj</w>
            <gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*kuti</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fsonʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfsoj</w>
            <gloss><q>ярмо</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*spanti</w></mentioned>
          etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>374</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang>(диал.)</lang>
              <w>vīst</w>, <w>vīsta</w>, <w>vissa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>met</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(из <lang>перс.</lang>)</note>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>gīst</w>
              <note type="comment">(рядом c <w>bīst</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>wīšt</w>
              <note type="comment">(рядом c <w>šil</w>:</note></mentioned>
            <note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(из <lang>тадж.</lang>)</note>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>wist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>wīšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>wisto</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(из <lang>тадж.</lang>)</note>
              <w>bist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>bistä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>ʼwsyc-</w>, <w type="rec">ūsēc</w>
            </mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
                <biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>visaiti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>viṁśati-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>viginti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
              <w>εἴkosi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">wikṃti</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1177</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Наличие носового в первом
          слоге сближает осетинскую форму с древнеиндийской и противопоставляет всем остальным.
          Этому любопытному факту даются разные объяснения (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 199—200</biblScope></bibl>). Наиболее убедительным представляется мнение
            <name>Henning</name>’a, coгласно которому осетинская и древнеиндийская формы обе
          восходят к более архаичному прототипу <w type="rec">wi-dkṃ-ti</w> (<w type="rec">widkṃti</w> → <w type="rec">winkṃti</w>). Примечательно скифское (или сарматское) имя
          из Ольвии <mentioned xml:lang="xsc" extralang="x-sarm"><w>Ἰνσαζαγος</w></mentioned> =
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang>ос.</lang>
            <w type="rec">insæʒæg</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vicentius</q></gloss></mentioned>. — В
          общеиранском (и общеиндоевронейском) господствовала десятичная система счета. В осетинском
          она вытеснена двадцатичиой, идущей из кавказского субстрата. Двадцатичный счет мы находим
          в картвельских языках (например, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>sarn-oci</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">три
              двадцатки</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, в чеченском (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
            <biblScope>588</biblScope></bibl>), в большинстве дагестанских (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
            <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>). Иранский десятичный счет удержался в дигорском, в
          пастушеской практике (при счете овец) и был усвоен также в балкарский; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtyn</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>cuppor</w></mentioned> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/>. Двадцатичный счет частично <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">прорывается</q> наружу и в некоторых других иранских и индоевропейских языках, и везде
          его следует связать с доиранским и доиндоевропейским субстратом соответствующих регионов.
          Двадцатичный счет господствует в языке идга (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>), но отмечается также в язгулемском (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>), некоторых белуджских говорах (например, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>sai-gist</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss></mentioned> и др.), в пограничных индоиранских языках
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
            <biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 240, 317</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Розенбeрг</author>. <title>Материалы по двадцатичному счету</title>.
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184510+0300" comment="???"?>В
            сб.: <?oxy_comment_end ?><title>Языковедные проблемы по числительным</title>,
              <pubPlace>Л.</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1927</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 60*— 61* s. v. <w>twenty</w></biblScope></bibl>). Высказывалось мнение,
          что <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>dävīst</w>
            <gloss><q>200</q></gloss></mentioned> следует возводить не к
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184825+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">две
          сотни</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, а к
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184834+0300" comment="иран? перс?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dah-vīst</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">десять
          двадцаток</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, тогда как <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w></mentioned> закономерно дало <w>dū sad</w> (<bibl>Б. В.
              <author>Миллер</author>. <title>Анализ персидского числительного <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>devīst</w>
                <gloss><q>двести</q></gloss></mentioned></title>. Яф. сб. <date>1932</date>
            <biblScope>VII 57</biblScope></bibl>). Сходную картину дают другие индоевропейские
          языки. В кельтском, как в осетинском, двадцатичный счет победил. Но он оставил след также
          во французском (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>quatre-vingt</w>
            <gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), португальском, итальянском, датском,
          народноанглийском (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>four-score</w>
            <gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), албанском, некоторых армянских диалектах
          (мокском). См.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>II 671—672</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 95, 106, III 80</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>22, 39—40, 188, 203, 207, 214</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Asiatica</title>, <publisher>Festschrift
              Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр. 30</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Studies in the IE system of
            Numerals</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              53—56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <date>1965</date>
            <biblScope>VI 43, nota 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Барроу</author>.
              <title>Санскрит</title>. <pubPlace>M.</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              245</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*winsati</w></mentioned> (near
            <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*wisati</w></mentioned>). Final <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-ʒ</c><c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-j</c> from <c>-ti</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">k˳yʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kuj</w>
            <gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*kuti</w></mentioned>,
            <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fsonʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfsoj</w>
            <gloss><q>oxbow</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*spanti</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>374</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
              <w>vīst</w>, <w>vīsta</w>, <w>vissa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w>met</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(from <lang>Persian</lang>)</note>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
              <w>gīst</w>
              <note type="comment">(near <w>bīst</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>wīšt</w>
              <note type="comment">(near <w>šil</w>:</note></mentioned>
            <note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
                <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(from <lang>Tajik</lang>)</note>
              <w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
              <w>wist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
              <w>wīšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
              <w>wisto</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
              <note type="comment">(from <lang>Tajik</lang>)</note>
              <w>bist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
              <w>bistä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
              <w>ʼwsyc-</w>, <w type="rec">ūsēc</w>
            </mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
                <biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
              <w>visaiti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>viṁśati-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
              <w>viginti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
              <w>εἴkosi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">wikṃti</w></mentioned>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>1177</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The presence of a nasal in
          the first syllable brings the Ossetic form closer to the ancient Indian one and contrasts
          it with all the others. There are various explanations for this curious fact (see:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 199—200</biblScope></bibl>). The most convincing is
          <name>Henning</name>’s opinion, according to which the Ossetic and ancient Indian forms
          both go back to a more archaic prototype <w type="rec">wi-dkṃ-ti</w> (<w type="rec">widkṃti</w> → <w type="rec">winkṃti</w>). Notably Scythian (or Sarmatian) name from
          Olbia <mentioned xml:lang="xsc" extralang="x-sarm"><w>Ἰνσαζαγος</w></mentioned> =
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">insæʒæg</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vicentius</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The common
          Iranian (and common Indo-European) was dominated by the decimal system of counting. In
          Ossetic, it is displaced by twenty, coming from the Caucasian substrate. We find the
          vigesimal count in the Kartvelian languages (for example, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>sarn-oci</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">three
              twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, in Chechen (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
            <biblScope>588</biblScope></bibl>), in most Dagestan languages (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
            <biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>). The Iranian decimal count was retained in Digor, in
          shepherd practice (when counting sheep) and was also assimilated into Balkar; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtyn</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>cuppor</w></mentioned> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/>. The vigesimal count partially breaks out in some
          other Iranian and Indo-European languages, and everywhere it should be associated with the
          pre-Iranian and pre-Indo-European substratum of the respective regions. The twenties
          account dominates in the Idga language (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>), but is also noted in Yazgulyami (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>), some Balochi dialects (for example, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>sai-gist</w>
            <gloss><q>60</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.), and in the border Indo-Iranian languages
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
            <biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 240, 317</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Rozenberg</author>. <title>Materialy po dvadcatičnomu sčetu</title>. In
            the
            collection<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184510+0300" comment="???"?>.:
              <?oxy_comment_end ?><title>Jazykovednye problemy po čislitelʼnym</title>,
              <pubPlace>Leningrad</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1927</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
            <biblScope>II 60*— 61* s. v. <w>twenty</w></biblScope></bibl>). The opinion was
          expressed that <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>dävīst</w>
            <gloss><q>200</q></gloss></mentioned> should not be trace back to
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184825+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twoo
          hundreds</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, but to
            <?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184834+0300" comment="иран? перс?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dah-vīst</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ten
          twenty</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, whereas <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w></mentioned> regularly gave <w>dū sad</w> (<bibl>B. V.
              <author>Miller</author>. <title>Analiz persidskogo čislitelʹnogo <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>devīst</w>
                <gloss><q>dvesti</q></gloss></mentioned></title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Яф._сб."/>
            <date>1932</date>
            <biblScope>VII 57</biblScope></bibl>). A similar picture is given by other Indo-European
          languages. In Celtic, as in Ossetc, the vigesimal count won. But it also left a trace in
          French (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>quatre-vingt</w>
            <gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), Portuguese, Italian, Danish, vernacular English
            (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>four-score</w>
            <gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), Albanian, some Armenian dialects (Mok). See:
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
            <biblScope>II 671—672</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
            <biblScope>II 95, 106, III 80</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>22, 39—40, 188, 203, 207, 214</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Asiatica</title>, <publisher>Festschrift
              Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p. 30</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Studies in the IE system of
            Numerals</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p.
              53—56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
            <date>1965</date>
            <biblScope>VI 43, nota 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Barrow</author>.
              <title>Sanskrit</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>p.
              245</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>III 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>