<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæræfyrt</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæræfyrt" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T180655+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d4676e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæræfyrt</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwærifurt</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d4676e69">
          <def xml:lang="ru">термин родства</def>
          <def xml:lang="en">kinship term</def>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">буквальный перевод </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">буквальный перевод </note>
            <q>сын сестры</q>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> был бы неточен</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> был бы неточен</note>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <note type="comment">its literal translation </note>
            <q>sister’s son</q>
            <note type="comment"> would be imprecise</note>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">термин унаследован от родового строя, и выражение
              <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæ xæræfyrt</w></mentioned> может означать не только <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын моей сестры</q>, но </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">the term is inherited from tribal society, and the
            expression <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæ xæræfyrt</w></mentioned> may mean not just <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the sone of my sister</q>, but </note>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">любой потомок любой женщины моего рода</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">any descendant of any woman of my clan</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note type="bibl" xml:lang="ru"> (см. сб.: <bibl><title>Энгельс и языкознание</title>,
                <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1972</date>, <biblScope>стр.
              240—241</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
        </sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Аналогичная семантика у абхазов (<bibl><title>Христ.
              Восток</title>
            <biblScope>V 191 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). </note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The same meaning is found among the Abkhazians
              (<bibl><title>Xristianskij vostok</title> [The Christian Orient] <biblScope>V 191
              ff.</biblScope></bibl>). </note>
        <re>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Дети (или потомки) двух сестер доводятся друг другу </note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">The children (or descendants) of two sisters are each
            other’s </note>
          <form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>æmxæræfyrttæ</orth></form>
          <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænxwærifurttæ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">соплеменниками</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kinsmen</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. <oRef>Xæræfyrt</oRef> у осетин поддерживал тесные связи
          с родней своей матери (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>mady ’rvadæltæ</phr></mentioned>) и
          всегда мог рассчитывать на теплый прием и защиту с ее стороны. Существует поговорка:
            <mentioned xml:lang="os"><s>xæræfyrt — k’æjyl lijag</s>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> может испражняться на
                плите очага (у родни матери)</q>, т. е. ему все позволено</gloss></mentioned>. Герои
          осетинского национального эпоса (сказаний о Нартах) происходят по матери от водных
          божеств, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Донбетров</name></ref>. И мы
          видим, что они в качестве <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> подолгу живут у <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Донбетров</name></ref>, а некоторые проводят там все
          детство. Во всем этом слышны отзвуки матрилокальной семьи, через которую прошли предки
          осетин, как и многие другие народы. Сын сестры под покровительством родни по матери мог
          позволять себе всякие излишества. Поэтому <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>nepos</w>
            <gloss><q>сын сестры</q> означает также <q>мот</q>, <q>кутила</q></gloss></mentioned>. А
          об этрусках <name>Фест</name> сообщает: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Nepos
              luxuriosus a Tuscis dicitur</q> (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
              <biblScope>II 110—111, статья <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Neffenrecht</q></biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Among the Ossetians <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> maintained
          close relations with his mother’s relatives (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>mady
              ’rvadæltæ</phr></mentioned>) and could always count on cordial welcome and defense on
          her part. An expression exists: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><s>xæræfyrt — kʼæjyl lijag</s>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> may defecate on the
                hearthstone (at his mother’s relatives)</q>, i.e. everything is allowed to
              him</gloss></mentioned>. The heroes of the Ossetian national epic (Nart tales) are
          descended from the mother of the water deities, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Donbettyr</name>s</ref>. And we see that, as <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef>s, they stay
          at the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Donbettyr</name>s</ref> for a long
          time, and some spend their whole childhood there. All of this has the echoes of the
          matrilocal family, which Ossetians must have had in the past, like many other peoples.
          Various excesses were permissible to the sister’s son under the patronage of his mother’s
          relatives. This is why <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>nepos</w>
            <gloss><q>sister’s son</q> also means <q>spendthrift</q>,
            <q>flaneur</q></gloss></mentioned>. Of the Etruscans <name>Festus</name> reports:
              <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Nepos luxuriosus a Tuscis dicitur</q> (see
                <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
              <biblScope>II 110—111, <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T214506+0300" comment="?"?>entry<?oxy_comment_end ?>
                <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Neffenrecht</q></biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> ta ciw! raddænt nyn
              farast!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что в одном племяннике! пусть (боги) дадут нам
                девять!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what use is there in one nephew! may (the
                deities) give us nine!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>144</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bætæ… jæ <oRef>xæræfyrtīmæ</oRef> gænaxy
              bacyd</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бата со своим племянником вошел в крепость</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bætæ with his nephew came into the fortress</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
              <biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/>… barǵyn ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сын сестры наделен (большими) правами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sister’s son is endowed with (far-reaching)
                rights</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz dæn X˳ycawy <oRef/> Amyran</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я (по матери) - племянник Божий Амиран</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am (at my mother’s side) God’s nephew
                Amiran</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 13</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æmadi ærvaddæltæ in <oRef>xwærifurti</oRef>
              lævaræn sawlox bæx balævar kodtoncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его родня по матери в качестве подарка
                (подобающего) сыну сестры подарила ему коня шавлоховской породы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his mother’s relatives as a gift (befitting)
                the sister’s son gave him a horse of the Sawlokh breed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <date>1949</date>
              <biblScope>II 29</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">etæ duwwæ <oRef>ænxwærifurti</oRef>
              razinnuncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они оказываются сыновьями двух сестер</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they turn out to be the sons of two sisters</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwæræ"/>
          <gloss><q>сестра</q></gloss> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyrt"><w>fyrt</w>
            <gloss><q>сын</q></gloss></ref>. В иронском сестра зовется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/> и только в данном сложении находим и. <w>xæræ-</w> как своего рода
            <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дигоризм</q>. По образованию ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T180635+0300" comment="почти точно опечатка, должно быть xāhar"?>xahārzādah<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
            <gloss><q>сын (или дочь) сестры</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <phr type="rec">xwāri zātak</phr>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned> В отличие от архаичного композита, каким является <oRef/>
          <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын сестры</q></gloss>, племянник и племянница по
          мужской линии зовутся описательно <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry læppū</w>
            <gloss><q>сын брата</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry
              ḱyzg</w>
            <gloss><q>дочь брата</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>29, 63</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwæræ"/>
          <gloss><q>sister</q></gloss> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyrt"><w>fyrt</w>
            <gloss><q>son</q></gloss></ref>. In Iron the sister is called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, and only in this compound do we find Iron <w>xæræ-</w> as a sort
          of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Digorism</q>. By derivation cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
            <w>xāharzādah</w>
            <gloss><q>son (or daughter) of sister</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <phr type="rec">xwāri zātak</phr>
            <gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned> Unlike the archaic compound <oRef/>
          <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын сестры</q></gloss>, the male-line nephew and
          niece are called descriptively <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry læppū</w>
            <gloss><q>brother’s son</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry
              ḱyzg</w>
            <gloss><q>brother’s daughter</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>29, 63</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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