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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nystwan</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_nystwan" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5692e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nystwan</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d5692e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>nistawæn</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5692e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>поручение</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>assignment</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>наказ</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>order</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e91"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>завет</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>testament</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e100"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>заповедь</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>commandment</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; близко по значению <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæʒæxsyn"><w>fæʒæxst</w></ref></note>
        <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; close semantically to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæʒæxsyn"><w>fæʒæxst</w></ref></note>
        <re xml:id="re_d5692e121">
          <form xml:id="form_d5692e123" type="lemma"><orth>nystwan kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5692e126"><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e127"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поручать</q>
              </tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">entrust</q>
              </tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5692e138"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>наказывать</q>
              </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>instruct</q>
              </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5692e149">
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e151">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">X˳ycaw myn… <oRef>nystwantæ</oRef>
              zaǧta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бог дал мне наказы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God gave me orders</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e176">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ dywwæ dær rast wydysty X˳ycawy raz,
              æxxæstgængæjæ xīcawy æppæt fæʒæxstytæ æmæ <oRef>nystwantæ</oRef> ænæaīppæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оба они были праведны перед Богом, поступая по
                всем заповедям и уставам господним беспорочно</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and they were both righteous before God,
                walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 6</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e204">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nystwan</oRef> xæs ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(выполнение) поручения — долг</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(execution) of the order is a duty</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Ӕмб."/>
              <biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e228" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæxxæssæd mi zærdixalæn
              <oRef>nistawæn</oRef>… mæ madæmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть он отнесет разрывающее сердце поручение
                (умирающего на поле брани сына) моей матери</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may he take the heart-rending assignment (of
                the son dying on the battlefield) to my mother</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e256" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baxussidæ fædi-fædmæ æ bili buni æ
                <oRef>nistawæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его (предсмертное) завещание замирало навеки на
                его устах</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his (dying) will died forever on his lips</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5692e284" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kizgæ… rafæʒaxsta <oRef>nistawænæj</oRef>
              xanmæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушка наказала (передать) хану поручение</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl instructed to (give) the order to the
                khan</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 111</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e516" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e315" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništāwan-</w>
            <gloss><q>наказ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приказ</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>повеление</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e531" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e330" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ništā-</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<c>ni</c> + <c>stā-</c>)</note>
            <gloss><q>настаивать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приказывать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e548" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e347" xml:lang="arc"><lang/>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из иранского)</note>
            <w type="rec">ništāvan</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Altheim</author>.
                  <title>Awestische Textgeschichte</title>. <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>стр.
                  9</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e569" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e367" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništavānak</w>
            <gloss><q>повелительный</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (?
                  <bibl><author>Nyberg</author><biblScope>II
            161—162</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e585" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e382" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništā-</w> (<w>nštʼy</w>) <gloss><q>указывать</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e597" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e394" xml:lang="sog"><w>nyš(t)ʼk </w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/>
                <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e607" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e404" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>ništā-</w>
            <gloss><q>повелевать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e615" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e412" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>ništa-</w>
            <gloss><q>instituere</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приказывать</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>предписывать</q></gloss></mentioned>. С другими превербами: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e629" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e426" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
            <w>ʼpštʼwʼn-</w>
            <gloss><q>указание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наставление</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e640" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e437" xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
            <w>ʼpšty</w>
            <gloss><q>наставлять</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
                <biblScope>1943 XI 725</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e657" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e454" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>wystʼw-</w>
            <gloss><q>обещание</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e666" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e463" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼnštʼy</w>
            <gloss><q>montrer</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>243</biblScope></bibl>).<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Benveniste
            склонен считать ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nystwan"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nystwan</w>
              <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nistawæn</w></ref> заимствованным, так как в языке нет
            глагола <w>ni-štā-</w>. Такое заключение не является обязательным. Можно привести
            десятки примеров, когда в языке живут отглагольные имена, хотя соответствующие глаголы
            отсутствуют. Нет, например, оснований сомневаться в оригинальности ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arǧævnæ"><w>arǧævnæ</w>
              <gloss><q>клещи</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ingæn"><w>ingæn</w>
              <gloss><q>могила</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyværzæn"><w>nyværzæn</w>
              <gloss><q>изголовье</q></gloss></ref>, хотя в современном языке нет глаголов <w type="rec">arǧæv-</w>, <w type="rec">ingæn-</w>, <w type="rec">nyværz-</w>.</note></etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e315" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e516" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništāwan-</w>
            <gloss><q>order</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>command</q></gloss>,
            <gloss><q>behest</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e330" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e531" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ništā-</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<c>ni</c> + <c>stā-</c>)</note>
            <gloss><q>insist</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>order</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e347" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e548" xml:lang="arc"><lang/>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(From Iranian)</note>
            <w type="rec">ništāvan</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Altheim</author>.
                  <title>Awestische Textgeschichte</title>. <date>1949</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 9</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e367" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e569" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništavānak</w>
            <gloss><q>imperative</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (? <bibl><author>Nyberg</author>
                <biblScope>II 161—162</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e382" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e585" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">ništā-</w> (<w>nštʼy</w>) <gloss><q>indicate</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e394" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e597" xml:lang="sog"><w>nyš(t)ʼk </w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/>
                <biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e404" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e607" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
            <w>ništā-</w>
            <gloss><q>command</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e412" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e615" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>ništa-</w>
            <gloss><q>instituere</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>order</q></gloss>,
              <gloss><q>prescribe</q></gloss></mentioned>. With other preverbs: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e426" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e629" xml:lang="sog-x-man"><lang/>
            <w>ʼpštʼwʼn-</w>
            <gloss><q>indication</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>instruction</q></gloss></mentioned>,
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e437" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e640" xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
            <w>ʼpšty</w>
            <gloss><q>instruct</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
                <biblScope>1943 XI 725</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e454" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e657" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w>wystʼw-</w>
            <gloss><q>pledge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5692e463" xml:id="mentioned_d5692e666" xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼnštʼy</w>
            <gloss><q>montrer</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/>
            <biblScope>243</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Benveniste tends to consider
            Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nystwan"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nystwan</w>
              <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nistawæn</w></ref> a loanword, because there is no verb
              <w>ni-štā-</w> in the language. This conclusion is not indispensable. Dozens of
            examples can be given when deverbal names are alive in a language, although the
            corresponding verbs are absent. There is no reason, for instance, to doubt the
            originality of Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arǧævnæ"><w>arǧævnæ</w>
              <gloss><q>pliers</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ingæn"><w>ingæn</w>
              <gloss><q>grave</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyværzæn"><w>nyværzæn</w>
              <gloss><q>bedhead</q></gloss></ref>, although in modern language the verbs <w type="rec">arǧæv-</w>, <w type="rec">ingæn-</w>, <w type="rec">nyværz-</w> are
            absent.</note></etym>
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