<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsædyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
    Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
            <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
            <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_7xsædyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d5514e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsædyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsæst</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsædun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsast</orth></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d5514e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>очищать от ненужного: срубленное дерево от сучьев, поле от камней и т. п.</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>clean from unnecessary things: a cut-down tree from branches, a field from stones,
                etc.</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>расчищать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>clear</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>очищать от кожуры</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>peel</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лущить</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>husk</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
            <q>полоть</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <note type="comment">in Digor, also </note>
            <q>to weed</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
        </sense>
        <re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>æxsædæntæ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">время прополки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weeding time</q>
            </tr>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (и. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (Iron <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>ænæxsæst</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неотесанный</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(human) </note>
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">uncouth</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>невежа</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>cad</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>хам</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>boor</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraʒ īw) bælæstæ æd wīdægtæ syskʼ˳ydta, sæ
              xīxtæ īw syn <oRef>axsæsta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Батраз) вырывал деревья с корнями, очищал их
                от сучьев</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraz) pulled out trees with roots, cleared
                them of branches</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza arvysta jæ caǧarty ugærdæntæ
                <oRef>xsædynmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза послал своих слуг очищать покосные участки
                (от камней и пр.)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza sent his servants to clean the mowing
                areas (from stones, etc.)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymzæxx jæ bakænyny aǧommæ syǧdæg kodtoj
              cydæriddær æj qyg dardta, ūdonæj, <oRef>æxsæstoj</oRef> x˳yrtæ, kʼūtærtæ, pyxsytæ;
              æppæt ūcy k˳yst xwiny x˳ym <oRef>æxsædyn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пахотный участок перед пахотой очищали от
                всего, что наносит ему ущерб: очищали от камней, от кустов, от бурьяна; вся эта
                работа называлась <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">before plowing, the arable area was cleared of
                everything that was damaging to it: it was cleared of stones, bushes, weeds; all
                this work was called <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
              <biblScope>1967 V 64</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xuskʼ æ kʼalewtæ <oRef>æxsast</oRef>
              fæcæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они закончили очистку (деревьев) от засохших
                сучьев</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they finished clearing (trees) of withered
                limbs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
              <biblScope>1959, № 46</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæjtæ ma næxecæn igwærdæn
                <oRef>raxsædæn</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давайте расчистим себе сенокос</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">letʼs clear our haymaking area</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
              <biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼwære ew xatt cæwuncæ nædtæ
                <oRef>æxsædunmæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раз в неделю выходят расчищать дороги</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once a week (they) go out to clear the
                roads</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>271<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæxæratæ æxsæduni fudæj kærdægi buni
              isæfuncæ...; xumtæ dær qæbær <oRef>æxsædujnag</oRef> æncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">огороды без прополки гибнут под (сорной)
                травой...; и нивы сильно нуждаются в прополке</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gardens perish under (weedy) grass without
                weeding...; and the fields are in dire need of weeding</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsædæntæ</oRef> ærqærttæncæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настало время прополки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the time came to weed</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef>æxsast</oRef> fæcan, dukkag
              rajdædtan</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одну прополку мы закончили, начали вторую</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we finished one weeding, started the second
                one</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
              <biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nixsastan</oRef> nad næ gærztæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы расчистили дорогу нашим оружием</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we cleared the way with our arms</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
              <biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, lægtæ, lægtæ! ka win bafærazʒænæj
                <oRef>isæxsædun</oRef> wæ zærdi bun!</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мужчины, мужчины! кто сможет раскопать
                глубины вашего сердца!</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o men, men! who can unearth the depths of your
                heart!</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
              <biblScope>77— 78</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Исходное значение было, вероятно, <q>среза́ть</q> (сучья с дерева и
          т.п.), <q>отсекать</q>, <q>отбрасывать</q> (сорняки и т. п.). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣad-</w>
            <gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разреза́ть</q></gloss></mentioned>.
          Древнеиндийско-скифский глагол можно вывести из изоляции, если допустить, что он восходит
          к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>kedénti</w>
            <gloss><q>дергать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трепать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
            <gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>scatter</w>
            <gloss><q>разбрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
            <gloss><q>разбрасываю</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
                <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Колебание <c>kš</c>, <c>xš</c>
          || <c>sk</c> — как в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
            <gloss><q>свист</q></gloss></ref> и др. Проблематичным остается сближение <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣadman-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) с
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>šanman-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лезвие</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
            <biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
              <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
              269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
            <biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). Ожидали бы <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> могла быть удлинением <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
            <gloss><q>резать</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
            <gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> реконструирует <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
            <biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, стр.
              87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">The original meaning was probably  <q>cut down</q> (branches from a
          tree, etc.), <q>cut off</q>, <q>throw away</q> (weeds etc.). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣad-</w>
            <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>slit</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Old
          Indic-Scythian verb can be taken out of isolation if one assume that it goes back to
            <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
            <w>kedénti</w>
            <gloss><q>pull</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
            <gloss><q>sliver</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
            <w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
            <w>scatter</w>
            <gloss><q>scatter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
            <gloss><q>I scatter</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
                <biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c>kš</c>,
            <c>xš</c> || <c>sk</c> is as in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
            <gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
            <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
            <gloss><q>whistling</q></gloss></ref> etc. Problematic is the rapproachment of
            <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>kṣadman-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) with
            <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>šanman-</w>
            <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blade</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
            <biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
            <biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
              <pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
              269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
            <biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). One would expect <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> could be the lengthened <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
            <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
                <biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
            <gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is reconstructed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
            <biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
            <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, p.
              87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>