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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qælæs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_qælæs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d5097e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qælæs</orth></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d5097e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧælæs</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d5097e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5097e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>голос</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>voice</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5097e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>глотка</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>throat</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5097e92">
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e94">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qælæsy ʒag</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во весь голос</q>
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во всю глотку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the top of one’s voice</q>
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the top of one’s lungs</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e123">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæbæxdær baqyrnūt wæ bæzǵyn qælæstæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">получше подпевайте вашими густыми голосами</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sing along better with your thick voices</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
              <biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e146">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dysa kæwynqælæsæj aftæ zæǧy…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Дыса плачущим голосом так говорит…</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dysa says so in a crying voice…</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e169">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr fergom kodta jæ qælæs æfsærmyjy
              ḱynʒ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь обнаружила свой голос застенчивая
                невестка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Now the shy daughter-in-law has discovered her
                voice</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
              <biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e192">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mīǧæj ʒūræg qælæs…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">глас из облака глаголющий</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a voice out of the cloud, which said</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">17</hi> 5</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e219">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æmæ wydīs qælæs arvæj…</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и был глас с небес</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and a voice came from heaven</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi> 22</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e245">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ qælæs yn qūsys, fælæ næ zonys, kæcæj
              ærcæwy æmæ kædæm æcæwy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голос его слышишь, а не знаешь, откуда он
                приходит и куда уходит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst
                not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
              <biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi> 8</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e271">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw bambærsta kæfq˳yndary qælæsy kæj
              fæcæwy</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау поняла, что она идет в пасть дракона</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azau realized that she was walking into the
                dragon’s mouth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e294">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kujtæ rūvasy sæ qadæsy axastoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">собаки с лаем кинулись на лису (<q>взяли ее в
                  глотку</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the dogs barked and rushed at the fox (<q>took
                  it in the throat</q>)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e321" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ komiʒag min mæ ǧælæsæj ku fæjjervæzun
              kodtaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты дал моему куску (добыче) ускользнуть из моей
                глотки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you let my piece (prey) slip out of my
                throat</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
              <biblScope>17<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12—13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d5097e350">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond osæ in æ ʒeʒe æ ǧælæsi bakænuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старуха вкладывает свой сосок в его рот (в знак
                усыновления кровника и примирения с ним)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old woman puts her nipple in his mouth (as
                a sign of adoption of the bloodline and reconciliation with him)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>181</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">С давних пор сопоставляется с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e524" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e376" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>glasъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e529" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e381" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>голос</w></mentioned>. Остается спорным, имеем ли мы дело с первоначальным
          (индоевропейским) родством [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e534" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e386" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>. <w type="rec">gal-so-</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e540" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e392" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>īgarṡä</w>
            <gloss><q>aus vollem Hals</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e556" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e408" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <phr>qælæsy ʒag</phr></mentioned>] или с последующим скифославянским схождением. Первое
          предположение встречает трудности: откуда <c>l</c> в осетинском? (для иранских языков
          характерен ротацизм); откуда второй <c>æ</c>? Ввиду этих неясностей выставить для
          осетинского слова иранский прототип не представляется возможным. Правильнее думать, что
          перед нами специфическое славяно-скифское схождение, возможно заимствование в скифский из
          старославянского с закономерным в этом случае полногласием в осетинском (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e566" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e418" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>glasъ</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e571" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e423" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gælæs</w></mentioned>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e576" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e428" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>glaxa</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælæxxa" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gælæxxa</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e587" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e439" xml:lang="ccs"><lang/>
            <w>čxar-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær"><lang/>
            <w>cæxær</w></ref> и т. п.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>526 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e602" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e454" xml:lang="ru-x-south"><lang/>
            <w>галáс</w>
            <gloss><q>шум голосов</q>, <q>шумный говор</q>, <q>крики</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> относится сюда же.— Ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 287</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>. ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope>II 53, 72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
            <biblScope>I 538</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">For a long time it has been compared with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e524" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>glasъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e529" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>golos</w></mentioned>. It remains debatable whether we are dealing with the original
          (Indo-European) relationship [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e386" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e534" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>. <w type="rec">gal-so-</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e392" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e540" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>īgarṡä</w>
            <gloss><q>aus vollem Hals</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
                <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e408" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e556" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <phr>qælæsy ʒag</phr></mentioned>] or with the subsequent Scythian-Slavic rapprochement.
          The first assumption meets difficulties: where does <c>l</c> come from in Ossetic? (The
          Iranian languages are characterized by rhotacism); where does the second <c>æ</c> come
          from? In view of these ambiguities, it is not possible to think of an Iranian prototype
          for the Ossetic word. It is more correct to think that we are facing a specific
          Slavic-Scythian convergence, possibly borrowing into Scythian from Old Slavonic with a
          natural in this case fullvoicing in Ossetic (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e418" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e566" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
            <w>glasъ</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e423" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e571" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gælæs</w></mentioned>, as in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e576" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
            <w>glaxa</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælæxxa" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>gælæxxa</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e439" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e587" xml:lang="ccs"><lang/>
            <w>čxar-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>cæxær</w></ref> and so on: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>526 cf.</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e454" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e602" xml:lang="ru-x-south"><lang/>
            <w>galás</w>
            <gloss><q>the noise of voices</q>, <q>noisy talk</q>, <q>screams</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> also belongs here. — Cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
            <biblScope>I 287</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 53, 72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
            <biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
            <biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
            <biblScope>I 538</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
            <biblScope>350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
            <biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
            <biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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