<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xalyn</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <tagsDecl>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xalyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d3911e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xalyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xæld</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ixalun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ihald</orth></form></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d3911e69" n="1">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>портить</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to spoil</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>разрушать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to ruin</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>расстраивать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to unsettle</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>нарушать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to violate</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>fexalyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>испортить</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to ruin</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разрушить</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to destroy</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>расстроить</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to unsettle</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>деформировать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to deform</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>æǧdawxal</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарушающий обычай</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">violating the custom</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <sense n="2">
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>развязывать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to untie</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>распутывать</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>to untangle</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>rajxalyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>syxalyn</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>ajxalyn</orth></form></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>развязать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to untie</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">распутать</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to untangle</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>x˳yd syxalyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">распороть шов</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to unstitch</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(tyxǵyn) ædyxdæry card
              <oRef>xaly</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(сильный) портит жизнь более слабому</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(a stronger one) spoils the life of a poorer
                one</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyd qūs — xæʒar <oRef>xal</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дурное ухо (искажающее услышанное) (способно)
                разрушить (внести разлад) дом (семью)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a bad ear (distorting things that was heard)
                (is able) to destroy (to sow discord to) a house (a family)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
                </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 204</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw су ’ǧdaw yskodta, ūj dy næ
                <oRef>fexalʒynæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты не нарушишь порядок, установленный Богом</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you won't disrupt the order settled by the
                God</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ zard syn ma <oRef>xal</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нарушай (не расстраивай) их пения</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't ruin (don't unsettle) their singing</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ axodæn myn <oRef>fexældtaj</oRef>, nyr myn
              mæ sīxor dær xalys</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты нарушил мой завтрак, теперь нарушаешь и мой
                обед</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you've disrupted my breakfast, now you ruin
                also my lunch</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawǵyn… <oRef>fexældta</oRef> jæ
              bæstyxaj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поп разрушил свою постройку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a priest destroyed my building</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ ors Elia, Saw xonx
              <oRef>fexalæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о наш белый Елиа, сокруши Черную гору</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh our white Elia, destroy the Black
                mountain</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
              <biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">207</hi></biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ unaffæ ma <oRef>fexalæ</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нарушай своего решения</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't violate your decision</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsævi ǧos <oRef>ixalgæ</oRef>, ford ne
              ’ncajuj, ǧær kænuj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарушая ночную тишину, река не знает покоя,
                шумит</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">disrupting night silence, a river knows no
                rest, [it] makes the noice</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
              <biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">awaʒūt ma mæ fæltaw, <oRef>rajxalūt</oRef> mæ
              bæddæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отпустите меня лучше, развяжите мои путы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you'd better release me, untie my bonds</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ūs myn... <oRef>syxældta</oRef> me
              ’xca</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жена развязала мои деньги</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my wife untied my money</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
              <biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">G˳yrʒyxan jæ wyrdty bos sinag
                <oRef>ajxældta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Гурдзыхан развязала шнур ремизок (ткацкого
                станка)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gurdzukhan untied the cord of healds (of a
                weaving loom)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">syxægtæ ambyrd sty, bændæn
                <oRef>ajxældtoj</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">соседи сбежались (к повесившейся), развязали
                веревку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">neighbors came running (to the woman who hung
                herself), untied the rope</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mazuq-ældar næwæg xund kinʒæn æ rewi æǧnægutæ
              muri ǧær gængæ <oRef>isixaldta</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Мазук-алдар у новоприведенной невесты стал
                расстегивать грудные застежки, (при этом) звеневшие, как колокольчики</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mazuq-ældar started to unbutton clasps, ringing
                like bells, on the breasts of a just brought bride</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
              <biblScope>227</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <w type="rec">wi-kāraya-</w>. Простая основа (без преверба)
          налична в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"><w>kalyn</w>
            <gloss><q>рушить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></ref> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>569—570</biblScope></bibl>). Для семантики (<q>разрушать</q> —
            <q>развязывать</q>) ср. <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>kandel</w></mentioned> с теми же значениями. Обращение к <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>khallate</w>
            <gloss><q>шатается</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>57—58</biblScope></bibl>) представляется излишним. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælyn_1"/>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <w type="rec">wi-kāraya-</w>. The core stem (without a
          preverb) is present in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"><w>kalyn</w>
            <gloss><q>to tear down</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to pour</q></gloss></ref>, etc.
              (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>569—570</biblScope></bibl>). As for semantics (<q>to ruin</q> — <q>to
            untie</q>), cf. <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>kandel</w></mentioned> with the same meanings. Bringing the word closer to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>khallate</w>
            <gloss><q>staggers</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
            <biblScope>57—58</biblScope></bibl>) we consider to be redundant. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælyn_1"/>.</etym>
      </entry>
    </body>
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