<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæfs</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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    <body>
      <entry xml:id="entry_xæfs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T202737+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
        <form xml:id="form_d612e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæfs</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæfsæ</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>лягушка</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>frog</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T202257+0300" comment="В англ. поставить тэг foreign (это латинский термин для рода лягушек)"?>Rana<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q><foreign><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T202257+0300" comment="В англ. поставить тэг foreign (это латинский термин для рода лягушек)"?>Rana<?oxy_comment_end ?></foreign></q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>wærtǵyn xæfs</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черепаха</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лягушка со щитом</q>)</note>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лягушка со щитом</q>)</note>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turtle</q>
              <note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">shielded frog</q>)</note>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūs læwʒæn xībaræj, kalmy cʼaræj jyl
              q˳yrbæddæn, <oRef>xæfsy</oRef> cʼaræj ūsyl særbæddæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">женщина будет стоять одиноко, из змеиной чешуи
                на ней шейная повязка, из кожицы лягушки на женщине косынка</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a woman will stand alone, of snake scales she
                will wear a neckband, of frog skin she will wear a headscarf</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из картин
                загробного мира</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the afterlife
                paintings</note>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
              <biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arǧawy īw ḱyzg cʼyfʒasty <oRef>xæfs</oRef>
              læg festyn kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в сказке одна девушка превратила болотную
                лягушку в мужчину</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in a fairy tale, a girl turned a swamp frog
                into a man</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæfs</oRef> sarǧæj ralæstī æmæ festadī
              ḱyzg — arvy rūxs, zæxxy fīdawc</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лягушка выползла из седла и превратилась в
                девушку — свет неба, красу земли</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the frog crawled out of the saddle and turned
                into a girl, the light of the sky, the beauty of the earth</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
              <biblScope>188</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæfsæn</oRef> jæ læppyn — xūry
              tyn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">для лягушки ее детеныш — (как) солнечный
                луч</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for a frog, his cub is like a ray of
                sunshine</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">proverb</note>
              <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæfsæj</oRef> ræwægdær ū</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он проворнее лягушки</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he's quicker than a frog</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в шутку о
                нерасторопном</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">as a joke about a
                sluggish</note>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kalmi komæj <oRef>xæfsæ</oRef>
              bajston</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из пасти змеи я вырвал лягушку</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the snake's mouth I plucked a frog</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из заговора
                против падежа скота</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the plot against
                cattle mutilations</note>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 172</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kasyapa-</w></mentioned> через ступени: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kášapa-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kašpa-</w></mentioned> → <oRef>xæfsæ</oRef>. В отношении звукового развития ср.
          название горчицы в некоторых иранских языках — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">šišap-</w> → <w type="rec">šišp</w> → <w type="rec">šišf</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>. <title>A Grain of Mustard</title>.
                  <publisher>AION</publisher>
                <date>1965</date>
                <biblScope>VI 35—36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, а также <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hazahra-</w></mentioned> → <w type="rec">ázara-</w> → <w type="rec">æzra</w> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"><w>ærzæ</w>
            <gloss><q>тысяча</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
                <biblScope>186—187</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>. В других индоиранских языках
          означает <gloss><q>черепаха</q></gloss>: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>kašaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kašp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kašf</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>черепаха</q>, также созвездие Рака</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">kašavak</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>kšwk</w></mentioned>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>kasabaka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>kāšib</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>kašap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>kašp</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khuysaa</w>
            <note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w type="rec">xafsaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w>ksb</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kēšªp</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>kyšph</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kasyapa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>kaśyapa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kaččhapa-</w></mentioned></mentioned>. О соотношении древнеиндийских форм и их
          этимологии см.: <bibl><author>Charpentier</author>. <time>Beiträge zur indischen
              Wortkunde</time>. <biblScope>MO XXVI—XXVIII 109—111</biblScope></bibl>. — Черепаха
          именуется в осетинском <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лягушкой со щитом</q>,
            <oRef>wærtǵyn xæfs</oRef>; ср. по семантике <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>qverq</w>
            <gloss><q>лягушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>cʼiliqverq</w>
            <gloss><q>черепаха</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лягушкой с хрящом (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>cʼil</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Случайно ли
          созвучны с ос. <oRef>xæfs</oRef> названия рыбы в некоторых дагестанских языках даргинской
          группы:
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T202728+0300" comment="NB: в кубачинском, аштынском ʁʷabž, возможно, у Абаева неточно"?><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>xavš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>kavš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>gavš</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Услар"/>
                <biblScope>V 323</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
                <biblScope>409</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>?<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>51, 333</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kasyapa-</w></mentioned> through the stages: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kášapa-</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kašpa-</w></mentioned> → <oRef>xæfsæ</oRef>. With regard to sound development, cf. the
          name of mustard in some Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">šišap-</w> → <w type="rec">šišp</w> → <w type="rec">šišf</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>. <title>A Grain of Mustard</title>.
                  <publisher>AION</publisher>
                <date>1965</date>
                <biblScope>VI 35—36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, as well as <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hazahra-</w></mentioned> → <w type="rec">ázara-</w> → <w type="rec">æzra</w> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærzæ"><w>ærzæ</w>
            <gloss><q>thousand</q></gloss>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
                <biblScope>186—187</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>. In other Indo-Iranian languages
          it means <gloss><q>turtle</q></gloss>: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
              <w>kašaf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kašp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kašf</w></mentioned>
            <gloss><q>turtle</q>, also constellation of Cancer</gloss></mentioned>,
              <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
              <w type="rec">kašavak</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>kšwk</w></mentioned>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
            <w>kasabaka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
            <w>kāšib</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
              <w>kašap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><w>kašp</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>khuysaa</w>
            <note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w type="rec">xafsaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
            <w xml:lang="xco">ksb</w>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
                <biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">kēšªp</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>kyšph</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
            <w>kasyapa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
              <w>kaśyapa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kaččhapa-</w></mentioned></mentioned>. On the relation of the Old Indian forms and
          their etymology, see: <bibl><author>Charpentier</author>. <time>Beiträge zur indischen
              Wortkunde</time>. <biblScope>MO XXVI—XXVIII 109—111</biblScope></bibl>. — The turtle
          is called in Ossetic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">shielded frog</q>, <oRef>wærtǵyn
            xæfs</oRef>; cf. semantically <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
            <w>qverq</w>
            <gloss><q>frog</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>cʼiliqverq</w>
            <gloss><q>turtle</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">cartilaginous (<mentioned xml:lang="av"><w>cʼil</w></mentioned>) frog</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Is it
          accidental that the names of fishes in some Daghestanian languages of the Dargwa group are
          concordant with Ossetic <oRef>xæfs</oRef>:
              <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T202728+0300" comment="NB: в кубачинском, аштынском ʁʷabž, возможно, у Абаева неточно"?><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>xavš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>kavš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><w>gavš</w></mentioned>
            <note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Услар"/>
                <biblScope>V 323</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
                <biblScope>409</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>?<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
            <biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
            <biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
            <biblScope>51, 333</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
      </entry>
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