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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ūmæl</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_ūmæl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d2779e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ūmæl</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>omæl</orth></form>
        <sense>
          <sense xml:id="sense_d2779e69">
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>влажный</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>wet</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
          <sense>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>сырой</q>
            </abv:tr>
            <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>damp</q>
            </abv:tr>
          </sense>
        </sense>
        <sense>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>влага</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>moisture</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>ūmæl kænyn</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">увлажнять</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">moisten</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>смачивать</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>to damp</q>
              </abv:tr>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2779e75">
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærdæg — <oRef>ūmæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">трава (была) влажная</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the grass (was) wet</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
              <biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ wat
                <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T213239+0600" comment="это одно слово?"?><oRef>ūmælgomaw</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?>
              xasta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя комната была сыроватой</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my room was a bit damp</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
              <biblScope>1972 VI 9</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymty zæxæ <oRef>baūmæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на полях земля увлажнилась</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the soil in field moistened</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
              <biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totyraʒ swadonæj jæ nymætxūdy don felvæsta
              æmæ ʒy Gajtijy nyx ærūmæl kodta</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тотрадз зачерпнул из родника воды в свою
                войлочную шляпу и смочил ею лоб Гайти</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totradz scooped water from a spring into his
                felt hat and moistened Gajti’s forehead with it.</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 143</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/> </usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧædæ oramuj <oRef>omæl</oRef></quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лес задерживает влагу</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the forest holds back moisture</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
              <biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </abv:exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">auma-la-</w></mentioned> и сближается по корню с <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmidus</w> <gloss><q>влажный</q></gloss>,
          <gloss><q>сырой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmeo</w> <gloss><q>быть влажным</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmor</w> <gloss><q>влажность</q></gloss>,
          <gloss><q>сырость</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, как это ни может показаться
          парадоксальным, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/> <w>omäl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/> <w>emalle</w> <gloss><q>теплый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Известно,
          что, хотя формирование индоевропейских языков относится к сравнительно поздней стадии
          развития человеческой речи, в них в отдельных случаях распознаются черты весьма древних
          норм человеческого сознания и мышления. Мы имеем один из таких случаев. Влага и тепло
          одинаково необходимы для жизни. Поэтому в первобыт- ном обществе они мыслились как
          родственные понятия. Несправедливо забытый лейпцигский ученый <name>Hertel</name>
          убедительно показал это па индоиранском материале<note type="footnote">См., в частности,
            его работы: <bibl><title>Arische Feuerlehre</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>,
                <date>1925</date>, <biblScope>стр. 16, 68 сл., 144</biblScope></bibl>;
                <bibl><title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
                <author>Leipzig</author>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope>стр. 30</biblScope></bibl>;
              <title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas. Leipzig, 1929, стр.
              30</title>.</note>. Неотразимый пример такой семантики — <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/> <w>topiti</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094704+0300" comment="так ли здесь номера делаются?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> <w>топить</w> <gloss n="1"><num>1</num>. <q>нагревать
              огнём</q></gloss>, <gloss n="2"><num>2</num> <q>погружать в
            воду</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094922+0300" comment="здесь топить надо mentioned или просто курсивом?"?><note type="footnote">Этимологи трактуют <hi rend="italic">топить</hi> <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi> и <hi rend="italic">топить</hi> <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi> как два разных слова. Недостаток учености
            оказался на этот раз на пользу <name>Далю</name>: он дает <hi rend="italic">топить</hi>
            в обоих значениях в одном гнезде.</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Скифо-латино-тохарская
          изоглосса предполагает общую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">aum-</w> <gloss><q>жизненная сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, откуда с одной стороны —
            <q>влага</q>, с другой — <q>тепло</q>. — <name>Вс. Миллер</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/> <biblScope>II 144</biblScope></bibl>) предположительно
          возводил <oRef/> к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ava-mala-</w></mentioned>, имея
          в виду <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/> <w>mala-</w> <gloss><q>грязь</q></gloss>,
                <gloss><q>нечистота</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но последнее слово сближается с
            <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/> <w>μέλᾱς</w> <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned> и
          пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/> <biblScope>II
            598</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Связь <oRef/> с
              <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T095156+0300" comment="в статье с omyn отсылают к wÆmyn, а статьи wAmyn нет. какой здесь mentioned?"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_omyn"><w>omyn (wamyn)</w> <gloss><q>vomere</q></gloss></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/> <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>)
            невероятна.</note></etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">auma-la-</w></mentioned> and has a root similar to <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmidus</w>
            <gloss><q>wet</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>damp</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmeo</w>
            <gloss><q>be wet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmor</w>
            <gloss><q>humidity</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>moisture</q></gloss></mentioned>. Related, as
          paradoxical as it may seem, are <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
            <w>omäl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
            <w>emalle</w>
            <gloss><q>warm</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is known that, although the formation of the
          Indo-European languages belongs to a relatively late stage in the development of human
          speech, in some cases, very ancient features of the human consciousness and thinking are
          recognized in them. Here we have one such case. Humidity and heat are equally necessary
          for life. Therefore, in primitive society they were thought of as related concepts. The
          unfairly forgotten Leipzig scientist <name>Hertel</name> convincingly showed this on
          Indo-Iranian material<note type="footnote">See, in particular, these works by him:
                <bibl><title>Arische Feuerlehre</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>,
                <date>1925</date>, <biblScope>p. 16, 68 ff., 144</biblScope></bibl>;
                <bibl><title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
                <author>Leipzig</author>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope>p.
            30</biblScope></bibl>.</note>. A bright example of such semantics is <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w>topiti</w></mentioned>,
            <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094704+0300" comment="так ли здесь номера делаются?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>topitʼ</w>
            <gloss n="1"><num>1</num>. <q>heat with fire</q></gloss>, <gloss n="2"><num>2</num>
              <q>submerge in water</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><note type="footnote">Etymologists consider <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w>¹</mentioned>  and
              <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w>²</mentioned> two separate words. Lack of formal
            scholarship was this time an advantage to <name>Dahl</name>: he gives boths meanings of
              <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w></mentioned>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T222110+0600" comment="?"?>inside
            one derivational nest<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</note>. The
          <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T222353+0600" comment="?"?>Scytho-Latino-Tocharian<?oxy_comment_end ?>
          isogloss assumes one common root <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">aum-</w>
            <gloss><q>life force</q></gloss></mentioned>, which gave, one hand, <q>moisture</q> and
          on the other — <q>heat</q>. — <name>Ws. Miller</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
            <biblScope>II 144</biblScope></bibl>) supposedly traced <oRef/> back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ava-mala-</w></mentioned>, having <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>mala-</w>
            <gloss><q>dirt</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>impurity</q></gloss></mentioned> in mind. But the
          last word is close to <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
            <w>μέλᾱς</w>
            <gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
            <biblScope>II 598</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Connecting <oRef/> to
              <?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T095156+0300" comment="в статье с omyn отсылают к wÆmyn, а статьи wAmyn нет. какой здесь mentioned?"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_omyn"><w>omyn (wamyn)</w>
              <gloss><q>vomere</q></gloss></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            <bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
              <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>) is imporbable.</note></etym>
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