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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qadaman</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_qadaman" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
        <form xml:id="form_d1528e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qadaman</orth><form xml:id="form_d1528e68" type="variant"><orth>-tæ</orth></form></form>
        <form xml:id="form_d1528e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>qadama</orth><form xml:id="form_d1528e73" type="variant"><orth>-tæ</orth></form></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d1528e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d1528e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>кандалы</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>shackles</q>
            </abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1528e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q>оковы</q>
            </abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
              <q>chains</q>
            </abv:tr></sense></sense>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1528e96">
          <example xml:id="example_d1528e98">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qadamanty qær yssydī; saldættæ axæstyty
              rakodtoj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раздался звон кандалов; солдаты вывели
                заключенных</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shackles rang; the soldiers brought out the
                prisoners</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
              <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1528e121">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæv qadamantæ æmæ nyppyrx oj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бей по оковам, чтобы они разбились</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hit the shackles so that they break</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
              <biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1528e144">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ īs mæ zardyl qadaman ændonæj</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на моей песне нет стальных оков</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are no steel shackles on my song</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
              <biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1528e167">
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræ xættyty bast ærcyd qadamantæj æmæ
              ræxystæj, fælæ īw atydta jæ ræxystæ æmæ īw nyssasta jæ qadamantæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">многократно был он скован оковами и цепями, но
                разрывал цепи и разбивал оковы</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he had been often bound with fetters and
                chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in
                pieces</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
              <biblScope>5 4</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
          <example xml:id="example_d1528e190" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nissastan qadamati dogæ</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы сломили эру оков (рабства)</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have broken the era of shackles
                (slavery)</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕмдз."/>
              <biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e356" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e219" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qadana</w>
            <gloss><q>кандалы</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 310</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой: <bibl><author>Scheich
                  Suleiman</author>. <title>Tschagataich-Osmanisches Worterbuch</title>.
                  <biblScope>Constantinopel, 1298 [хиджры]</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>qadane</w>
            <gloss><q>деревянные ножные оковы</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl"><bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>677</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. Непосредственным источником
          Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
            <biblScope> II 115</biblScope></bibl>) считает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e401" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e264" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>qadamá</w></mentioned>. В доступных нам источниках мы такого слова не встретили (ср.
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e406" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e269" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>buǧow</w>
            <gloss><q>кандалы</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>). Замена <c>n</c> → <c>m</c>
          могла быть результатом контаминации с арабским (вошедшим и в некоторые тюркские языки)
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e421" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e284" xml:lang="ar"><w>qadam</w>
            <gloss><q>нога</q></gloss></mentioned>. Насколько можно судить, <w>qadana</w> на
          тюркской почве не этимологизируется. Возможно, что первоисточник — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e429" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e292" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>qaidāni</w>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(двойств. ч. от <w>qaid</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>узы</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>, откуда и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e444" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e307" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>кайданы</w></mentioned> и, далее, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e450" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e313" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>кандалы</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>I 517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Старым заимствованием из
          семитского является, быть может, и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e462" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e325" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>catena</w>, чаще мн. ч. <w>catenae</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e332" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
            <w>catena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e337" xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>cadena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e479" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e342" xml:lang="frp"><lang/>
            <w>cadenas</w>
            <gloss><q>цепи</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e219" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e356" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
            <w>qadana</w>
            <gloss><q>shackles</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
                <biblScope>II 310</biblScope></bibl>, with a link to: <bibl><author>Scheich
                  Suleiman</author>. <title>Tschagataich-Osmanisches Worterbuch</title>.
                  <biblScope>Constantinopel, 1298 [hijras]</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>qadane</w>
            <gloss><q>wooden leg shackles</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl"><bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
                <biblScope>677</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
            <biblScope> II 115</biblScope></bibl>) considers the direct source to be <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e264" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e401" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
            <w>qadamá</w></mentioned>. We have not found such a word in the sources available to us
          (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e269" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e406" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
            <w>buǧow</w>
            <gloss><q>shackles</q>, <q>chains</q></gloss></mentioned>). The substitution <c>n</c> →
            <c>m</c> could be the result of contamination with Arabic (included in some Turkic
          languages) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e421" xml:lang="ar"><w>qadam</w>
            <gloss><q>foot</q></gloss></mentioned>. As far as can be judged, <w>qadana</w> is not
          etymologized using the Turkic background. It is possible that the original source is
            <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e292" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e429" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
            <w>qaidāni</w>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(dual from <w>qaid</w>)</note>
            <gloss><q>bonds</q>, <q>chains</q></gloss></mentioned>, where <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e307" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e444" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>kajdany</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e313" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e450" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>kandaly</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
                <biblScope>I 517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> come from. The old borrowing
          from Semitic may be <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e325" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e462" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
            <w>catena</w>, more often plural form <w>catenae</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e332" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e469" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
            <w>catena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e337" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e474" xml:lang="es"><lang/>
            <w>cadena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e342" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e479" xml:lang="frp"><lang/>
            <w>cadenas</w>
            <gloss><q>chains</q>, <q>fetters</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
      </entry>
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