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      <titleStmt>
        <title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">twag</hi></title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
        Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
          <title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
          <publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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        <rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
        <rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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      <entry xml:id="entry_twag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
        <form xml:id="form_d859e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>twag</orth></form>
        <form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tawæg</orth></form>
        <sense xml:id="sense_d859e69">
          <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
            <q>кислый</q>
          </abv:tr>
          <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
            <q>sour</q>
          </abv:tr>
        </sense>
        <re xml:lang="os-x-iron">
          <form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>twag cymgæ</orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кисель</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fruit starch drink</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
          <form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>tawæg <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tʼaf6f9æ">tʼaffæ</ref></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">щавель</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dock</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
          <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>x˳yrxæg</w></ref>)</note>
          <note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (= <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
              <w>x˳yrxæg</w></ref>)</note>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>twag <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">киснуть</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn sour</q>
            </tr>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <re>
          <form type="lemma"><orth>ystwag <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyn"/></orth></form>
          <sense>
            <sense>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скиснуть</q>
              </tr>
              <tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
                <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go sour</q>
              </tr>
            </sense>
            <sense>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
                <q>закиснуть</q>
              </abv:tr>
              <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182837+0300" comment="так ок??"?>
              <abv:tr xml:lang="en">
                <q>sour</q>
              </abv:tr><?oxy_comment_end ?>
            </sense>
          </sense>
        </re>
        <exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>twag</oRef> dyrǧtæ fæxordton æmæ
              yscʼæxdændag dæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я поел кислых фруктов и набил себе оскомину</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I ate sour fruits and it made my mouth sore</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsyr <oRef>ystwag</oRef> ī</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молоко скисло</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the milk has gone sour</q>
            </tr>
          </example>
          <example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
            <usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
            <quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ bæxæn... gæsæn es <oRef>tawæg</oRef>
              fætkʼu, æ <oRef>tawæg</oRef> smagæj æ ræzti racæwæn kæmæn næ es wæxæn</quote>
            <tr xml:lang="ru">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у нашего коня в качестве стража есть кислое
                яблоко, такое, что от его кислого запаха мимо него невозможно пройти</q>
            </tr>
            <tr xml:lang="en">
              <q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our horse has a sour apple as a guardian, such
                that it is impossible to pass by it because of its sour smell</q>
            </tr>
            <bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
              <biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>
          </example>
        </exampleGrp>
        <etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tāvaka-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ttavaṃdya-</w>
            <gloss><q>желчь</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(колебание значений <q>кислый</q> || <q>горький</q>
              обычно)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tuvara-</w>
            <gloss><q>вяжущий</q>
              <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о вкусе)</note></gloss>, <gloss><q>квасцы</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <biblScope>1960 XXIII 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
                <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tətu</w>
            <gloss><q>кислый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">š-tava</w>, <w type="rec">š-tavelь</w>
            <gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>štʼava</w>
            <gloss><q>сок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>štʼavel</w>
            <gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>щавель</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>щава</w>
            <gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>минеральная («кислая»)
            вода</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>тавун</w>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182450+0300" comment="так ок?"?><gloss>растение
                <q>трифоль</q> (<q>вахта</q>)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <gloss><q>Menyanthes
                trifoliata</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(названо по горькому вкусу? — ср. немецкое название
              этого растения <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Bitterklee</w>
                <gloss><q>горький клевер</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
          Индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)tu-</w></mentioned>?
              <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> относит сюда же <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>æntawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>заквашивать сусло</q></gloss></ref>. Однако в дигорском этот глагол означает
              <gloss><q>сгребать сено</q></gloss>, что явно выпадает из данного семантического поля;
          ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>. Другая индоевропейская база со значением
            <q>кислый</q> скрывается в словах <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrx"><w>x˳yrx</w>
            <gloss><q>кислая сыворотка</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg"><w>x˳yrxæg</w>
            <gloss><q>щавель</q></gloss></ref>, q. v.</etym>
        <etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tāvaka-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
            <w>ttavaṃdya-</w>
            <gloss><q>bile</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(the variation of meanings
                <q>sour</q> || <q>bitter</q> is usual)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
            <w>tuvara-</w>
            <gloss><q>mouth-puckering</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>alum</q></gloss>
            <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
                <biblScope>1960 XXIII 24</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_HO"/>
                <biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
            <w>tətu</w>
            <gloss><q>sour</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
            <w type="rec">š-tava</w>, <w type="rec">š-tavelь</w>
            <gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
            <w>štʼava</w>
            <gloss><q>juice</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>štʼavel</w>
            <gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
            <w>shchavel'</w>
            <gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
            <w>shchava</w>
            <gloss><q>dock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mineral (<q>sour</q>)
            water</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
            <w>tavun</w>
            <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230117T182450+0300" comment="так ок?"?><gloss>plant
                <q>bogbean</q> (<q>buckbean</q>)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <gloss><q>Menyanthes
                trifoliata</q></gloss>
            <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(named for its bitter taste? — cf. a German name for this plant
                <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Bitterklee</w>
                <gloss><q>bitter clover</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Indo-European
          base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)tu-</w></mentioned>?
              <bibl><author>Bailey</author></bibl> also refers to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntawyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
            <w>æntawyn</w>
            <gloss><q>ferment the wort</q></gloss></ref> here. However, in Digor this verb means
              <gloss><q>rake hay</q></gloss>, which clearly falls out of this semantic field; cf.
              <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
            <biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>. Another Indo-European base with the meaning
            <q>sour</q> is hidden in the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrx"><w>x˳yrx</w>
            <gloss><q>acid whey</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yrxæg"><w>x˳yrxæg</w>
            <gloss><q>dock</q></gloss></ref>, q. v.</etym>
      </entry>
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