238 lines
19 KiB
XML
238 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmcek</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æmcek" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T133442+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2415e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmcek</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2415e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>enceg</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d2415e71" type="variant"><orth>ænceg</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2415e74"/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">Это слово связано с существовавшим у кавказских
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горцев в прошлом обычаем аталычества. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Аталычеством в этнографии Кавказа именуется порядок, основная сущность
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которого состоит в том, что ребенок, вскоре после своего рождения,
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переходит на некоторое время в другую семью, а затем возвращается к
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своим родителям</q> (<bibl>М. О. <author>Косвен</author>.
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<title>Аталычество</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Сов.
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этногр.</title></bibl>
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<biblScope>1935 II 41</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.
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<quote><bibl><author>Марлинский</author> в <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Аммалат-беке</title></q> (изд.
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<date>1895 г.</date>, <biblScope>стр. 9</biblScope>)</bibl> пишет:
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><name>Эмджек</name> — грудной,
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молочный брат, от слова <name>эмджек</name> — сосец. У кавказских
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народов это родство священнее природного: за своего эмджека каждый
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положит голову</q></quote>. Практика аталычества отмечена у следующих
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народов Кавказа: абхазов, абазин, черкес, кабардинцев, карачаевцев, балкарцев,
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сванов, осетин, ингушей, чеченцев.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">This word is connected to the
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<foreign>atalyk</foreign> custom which existed in the past among highlanders
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of the Caucasus. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">In ethnography of the
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Caucasus, <foreign>atalyk</foreign> is used as the name of a custom
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which consists in that a child, soon after its birth, is transferred for
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some time into another family, and then returned to its parents</q>
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(<bibl>M. O. <author>Kosven</author>. <title>Atalyčestvo</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Sov. ètnogr.</title></bibl>
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<biblScope>1935 II 41</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.
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<quote><bibl><author>Marlinsky</author> in <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Ammalat-bek</title></q>
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(<date>1895</date> edition, <biblScope>p. 9</biblScope>)</bibl>
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writes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><name>Emdzhek</name> is a milk
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brother, from the word <name>emdzhek</name>, nipple. Among Caucasian
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peoples this kinship is more sacred than natural kinship: anyone is
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willing to lay their head for their emdzhek</q></quote>. The practice of
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<foreign>atalyk</foreign> is found among the following peoples of the
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Caucasus: Abkhaz, Abaza, Circassians, Kabardians, Karachay, Balkars, Svans,
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Ossetians, Ingush, Chechens.</note>
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<sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_1">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<oRef/> обозначает, в широком смысле, </note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<oRef/> means, in the wide sense, </note>
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<def xml:lang="ru">родство, возникающее на основе аталычества между двумя
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семьями, отдающей и берущей ребенка на воспитание</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">kinship arising on the basis of <foreign>atalyk</foreign>
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(fosterage) between two families, one giving and one taking a child for
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upbringing</def>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">: каждый член одной семьи становится для
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членов другой <oRef/></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">: every member of one family becomes an
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<oRef/> for members of the other</note>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в более узком смысле <oRef/> может
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значить</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in a more narrow sense, <oRef/> may
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mean</note>
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<sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_1">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>молочный брат</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>milk brother</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_2">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">или </note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">or </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воспитатель</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mentor</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:lang="os-x-digor" xml:id="sense_æmcek_2_3">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">или (в дигорском) </note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">or (in Digor) </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воспитанник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>foster child</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Для <q>воспитанника</q> есть и другое слово
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. For <q>foster child</q> there is also another
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word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref></note>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2415e76">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e78" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Aznauræn æ <oRef>enceg-ærvadæ</oRef> ba Qajtuqi furt ku adtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>молочным братом Азнаура был сын Кайтука</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Aznaur’s milk brother was the son of Qaytuq</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>51<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e100" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Donbettæræj <oRef>enceg</oRef> sxastoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у Донбетра они взяли (мальчика) на воспитание</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they took from Donbettyr a child for upbringing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>19<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mæ rajguræn — xani kesena, mæ <oRef>enceg</oRef> xæssæg — ældar
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Kæsægæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>место моего рождения — ханский замок, мой молочный воспитатель —
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князь из Кабарды</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the place of my birth is the khan’s castle, my foster upbringer is a
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prince from Kabarda</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e144" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>bafæsmardta Xæmici — se ’nosi <oRef>enceg</oRef>…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>узнала Хамица — их вечного молочного родственника…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>she recognized Khæmits — their perpetual
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T144818+0300" comment="there is no clear translation of "молочный родственник" (even in Russian it sounds unnatural)"?>fosterer<?oxy_comment_end ?>…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2415e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>skʼolaj fonsbæl kænæn <oRef>encegadæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мы шефствуем над школьными животными</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we act as patrons of the school animals</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
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<biblScope>I 19</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово тюркского происхождения и означает <gloss><q>материнскую
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грудь</q></gloss>; ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e265" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e191" xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
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<w>ămcăk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e270" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e196" xml:lang="chg"><lang/>
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<w>ămjek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e275" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e201" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
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<w>emčex</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e280" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e206" xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
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<w>emčāg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e285" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e211" xml:lang="tr-x-anat" extralang="az"><lang/>
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<w>āmjāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e291" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e217" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>emček</w>
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</mentioned>, <gloss><q>грудь
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(женская)</q></gloss><gloss><q>сосок</q></gloss></mentioned>. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Молочное братство</q></gloss> лежит,
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таким образом, в основе понятия эмчегства. Кроме балкарцев, карачаевцев и
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осетин, термин <w>emčeg</w> в данном значении употребляется у чеченцев и
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ингушей: <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e305" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e231" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>emčeg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e310" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e236" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>emčæg</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>молочный брат</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>эмчег</q></gloss></mentioned>. Термин <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>ataləq</w>
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<note type="comment">(также тюркского происхождения, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e324" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e250" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ata</w>
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<gloss><q>отец</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> чужд
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осетинскому. О существовании аталычества на иранской почве ничего не известно, и
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все говорит за то, что этот институт был усвоен осетинами на Кавказе от соседних
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народов. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A word of Turkic origin, which means <gloss><q>mother’s
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breast</q></gloss>; cf. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e191" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e265" xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
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<w>ămcăk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e196" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e270" xml:lang="chg"><lang/>
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<w>ămjek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e201" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e275" xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
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<w>emčex</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e206" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e280" xml:lang="tt-x-kazan"><lang/>
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<w>emčāg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e211" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e285" xml:lang="tr-x-anat" extralang="az"><lang/>
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<w>āmjāk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e217" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e291" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>emček</w>
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</mentioned>, <gloss><q>(female)
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breast</q></gloss><gloss><q>nipple</q></gloss></mentioned>. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Milk brotherhood</q> thus lies at the heart
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of the concept of <oRef/>-hood. In addition to the Balkars, Karachays and
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Ossetians, the term <w>emčeg</w> in this meaning is used among the Chechens and
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Ingush: <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e231" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e305" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>emčeg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e236" xml:id="mentioned_d2415e310" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>emčæg</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>milk brother</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q><oRef/></q></gloss></mentioned>. The term <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>ataləq</w>
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<note type="comment">(also of Turkic origin, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2415e324" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ata</w>
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<gloss><q>father</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> is
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alien for Ossetic. Nothing is known of the existence of fosterage
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240218T145553+0300" comment="на иранской почве"?>in
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the Iranian world<?oxy_comment_end ?>, and thus everything supports the
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hypothesis that this institute was adopted by the Ossetians in the Caucasus from
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neighboring peoples. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qan_1"><w>qan</w></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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