134 lines
12 KiB
XML
134 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æxsærʒæn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1026e66" type="lemma"><orth>æxsærʒæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1026e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>водопад</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>waterfall</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1026e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e81">
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<quote>don kæly jæ ræzty ūrs æxsærʒæntæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>река льется перед ним белыми водопадами</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the river is flowing in front of them like white waterfalls</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e100">
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<quote>æxsærʒæny qazt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>игра водопада</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the waterfall's game</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e119">
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<quote>bylæj ajnægmæ — gæpp! aftæ zǧory æxsærʒæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>с обрыва на утес — прыг! так бежит водопад</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jumping from the cliff on the rock, that's how waterfall is
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running</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Цомак</hi> 64</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1026e137">
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<quote>ūrs fynk kalgæ sæx-sæxgængæ kommæ xawync æxsærʒæntæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>разбрасывая белую пену, с шумом низвергаются в ущелье водопады</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>waterfalls are rushing down with noise and scattering white foam</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/><biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Перебой из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒæn</hi>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærfars"/> ‘щека’ из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsærfars</hi>. В первой части <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-
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из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āр</hi>- ‘вода’ с ослаблением гласного в сложении. Во второй части — не
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сохранившийся самостоятельно глагол *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒ</hi>- ‘литься’, ‘падать’; ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e255" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e161" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sarǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e260" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e166" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>sṛǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e266" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e172" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>давать течь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e272" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e178" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>harəč-</w>
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<gloss><q>давать падать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e281" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e187" xml:lang="ae"><w>harəz-</w>
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<gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e287" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e193" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
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<w>selken</w>
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<gloss><q>падать (о жидкости)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Стало быть,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi> из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp-sarjana</hi>-→*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āfšārjana</hi>-. Сохранение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> после
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">x</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>) без обычного иранского перебоя → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> говорит о том, что мы имеем
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дело с очень старым сложным словом; ср. сохранение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsnajyn"/> рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"/>.
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По образованию ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e299" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e205" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ābšār</w>
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<gloss><q>водопад</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e307" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e213" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āb</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e222" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šār</w></mentioned> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e227" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šarīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>шумно течь</q></gloss></mentioned>). Перебой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fš</hi> →
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xš</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṣ</hi>) наблюдается также в сакском, например <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e329" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e235" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kṣārma</w></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e334" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e240" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>*fšarma</w>
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<gloss><q>стыд</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsarm"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It is a version of *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒæn</hi>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærfars"/> ‘cheek’ from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æfsærfars</hi>. In the first part
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there is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf</hi>- from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- ‘water’ with the weakening of the vowel in a
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complex word. In the second part there is the verb*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">særʒ</hi>- ‘poor’, ‘fall’
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which did not remain as a seperate verb; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e161" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e255" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sarǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e166" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e260" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>sṛǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>poor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e172" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e266" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>let flow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e178" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e272" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>harəč-</w>
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<gloss><q>let fall</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e187" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e281" xml:lang="ae"><w>harəz-</w>
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<gloss><q>poor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e193" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e287" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
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<w>selken</w>
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<gloss><q>fall (of liquid)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Thus, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsærʒæn</hi> is
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from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp-sarjana</hi>- →*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āfšārjana</hi>-. The presence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> after <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi>)
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without a usual Iranian change → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> tells that we are dealing with a very old
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complex word; cf. the presence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsnajyn"/> near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_najyn"/>. By
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the derivation, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e205" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e299" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ābšār</w>
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<gloss><q>waterfall</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e307" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āb</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e222" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e316" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šār</w></mentioned> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e227" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e321" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šarīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>flow noisily</q></gloss></mentioned>). The change <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fš</hi> →
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xš</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kṣ</hi>) is observed also in Khotanese, for example <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e235" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e329" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kṣārma</w></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1026e240" xml:id="mentioned_d1026e334" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>*fšarma</w>
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<gloss><q>shame</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsarm"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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