160 lines
16 KiB
XML
160 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">7fsīr</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7fsīr" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d982e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆfsīr</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d982e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æfseræ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d982e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>колос</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ear (botany)</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d982e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d982e84">
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<quote>wæ x˳ymtæ ʒagæfsīr wænt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>да будут ваши нивы с полными колосьями!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let your fields be with full ears!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d982e99">
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<quote>æfsīræn jæ qædy arx yssadtoj jæ næmyǵīmæ æmæ hæūmæj fæcardysty afæʒæj
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afæʒmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у колоса мололи стебель вместе с зерном и этим прожили в течение
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года</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they ground the stalk of the ear together with the grain and due to
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this they lived another year</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>53–54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Считая, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fs</hi> восходит, как обычно, к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sp</hi>,
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восстанавливаем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sper-</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spaira-</hi>. Такая основа действительно
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прослеживается в некоторых индоевропейских языках со значением ‘острие’,
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‘остроконечная палка’, ‘стебель’ и пр. Особенно богато представлена в германских
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языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e298" xml:id="mentioned_d982e121" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>spir</w>
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<gloss><q>длинный стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e306" xml:id="mentioned_d982e129" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>spire</w>
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<gloss><q>шпиль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e137" xml:lang="en"><w/>
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<gloss><q>горный пик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e311" xml:id="mentioned_d982e143" xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
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<w>spīr</w>
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<gloss><q>кончик ростка, побега, былинки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e319" xml:id="mentioned_d982e151" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e325" xml:id="mentioned_d982e158" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
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<gloss><q>шпиль на башне</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e332" xml:id="mentioned_d982e164" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>spira</w>
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<gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e340" xml:id="mentioned_d982e172" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
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<w>spīra</w>
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<gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e348" xml:id="mentioned_d982e180" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>отросток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e354" xml:id="mentioned_d982e186" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>палка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e360" xml:id="mentioned_d982e192" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>скипетр</q></gloss></mentioned>. Конечное <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-r(а)</hi> исторически
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представляет формант; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e366" xml:id="mentioned_d982e199" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>sphya-</w>
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<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e375" xml:id="mentioned_d982e207" xml:lang="sa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>палка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e381" xml:id="mentioned_d982e213" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*spei-</w></mentioned>). С формантом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-n</hi> мы находим этот же корень в
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e386" xml:id="mentioned_d982e218" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>spīna</w>
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<gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss></mentioned> и, вероятно, в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synʒ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sinʒæ</hi> ‘колючка’ (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fsinʒ-</hi> ←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spin-ti-</hi>); с формантом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e396" xml:id="mentioned_d982e228" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>spīca</w>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантическая связь ‘колоса’ с
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‘острием’ поддерживается и другими языками; например, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e404" xml:id="mentioned_d982e237" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>στάχυς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*stegh-</hi> ‘быть
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остроконечным’, ‘колоть’)</note>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e415" xml:id="mentioned_d982e247" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>ahs</w>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e423" xml:id="mentioned_d982e255" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>acus</w>
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<gloss><q>игла</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e431" xml:id="mentioned_d982e263" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
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<w>ušt</w>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></mentioned> при ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxst"/> ‘вертел’; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e441" xml:id="mentioned_d982e273" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>колос, колоть</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE
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</note> Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sænæfsīr"/>
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‘виноград’.%n<bibl><author>Petersson</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1923 XIX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 4
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сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Thinking that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fs</hi> usally traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sp</hi>, we trace the
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word back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sper-</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spaira-</hi>. Such a stem can indeed be traced in
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some Indo-European languages with the meaning ‘point’, ‘pointed stick’, ‘stem’,
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etc. It is especially richly represented in Germanic languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e121" xml:id="mentioned_d982e298" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>spir</w>
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<gloss><q>long stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e129" xml:id="mentioned_d982e306" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>spire</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e143" xml:id="mentioned_d982e311" xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
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<w>spīr</w>
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<gloss><q>tip of sprout, shoot, blade</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e151" xml:id="mentioned_d982e319" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e158" xml:id="mentioned_d982e325" xml:lang="gml"><w/>
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<gloss><q>tower spire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e164" xml:id="mentioned_d982e332" xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>spira</w>
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<gloss><q>stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e172" xml:id="mentioned_d982e340" xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
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<w>spīra</w>
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<gloss><q>stem</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e180" xml:id="mentioned_d982e348" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>sprout</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e186" xml:id="mentioned_d982e354" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e192" xml:id="mentioned_d982e360" xml:lang="sv"><w/>
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<gloss><q>sceptre</q></gloss></mentioned>. The final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-r(a)</hi> is
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historically a formant; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e199" xml:id="mentioned_d982e366" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>sphya-</w>
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<gloss><q>chip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e207" xml:id="mentioned_d982e375" xml:lang="sa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e213" xml:id="mentioned_d982e381" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*spei-</w></mentioned>). With a formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-n</hi> we find the same root in
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e218" xml:id="mentioned_d982e386" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>spīna</w>
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<gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss></mentioned> and probably in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synʒ"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sinʒæ</hi> ‘thorn’ (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fsinʒ-</hi> ←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spin-ti-</hi>); with a formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e228" xml:id="mentioned_d982e396" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>spīca</w>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantic link between ‘ear’ and
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‘spike’ is supported by other languages as well; e.g., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e237" xml:id="mentioned_d982e404" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>στάχυς</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*stegh-</hi> ‘be pointed’, ‘prick’)</note>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> , <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e247" xml:id="mentioned_d982e415" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>ahs</w>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e255" xml:id="mentioned_d982e423" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>acus</w>
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<gloss><q>needle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e263" xml:id="mentioned_d982e431" xml:lang="sqj"><lang/>
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<w>ušt</w>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned> with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæxst"/> ‘spit’; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d982e273" xml:id="mentioned_d982e441" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>kolos</w>
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<gloss><q>ear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e449" xml:lang="ru"><w>kolotʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>prick</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT
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NOTE HERE </note> Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sænæfsīr"/>
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‘grapes’.%n<bibl><author>Petersson</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_LUÅ"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1923 XIX <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 4
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ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Созвучие <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsīr</hi> с <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e474" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>afsīrne</w>
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<gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></mentioned> следует считать случайным.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The consonance of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsīr</hi> and <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d982e485" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>afsīrne</w>
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<gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></mentioned> should be considered
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accidental.</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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