138 lines
11 KiB
XML
138 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsnīwyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7xsnīwyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d372e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsnīwyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsnīwd</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsnewun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsniwd</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d372e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тесать топориком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hatchet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xsnīwæn</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsnewæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">топорик для тесания</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hatchet</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тесло</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>adze</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Следует возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xš(n)aip-</w></mentioned>; <c>w</c> на этот раз восходит к <c>p</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xawyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼīw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæl-"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnyf"><w>xsnyf</w>
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<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></ref> (c <c>f</c>). Начальная группа <c>xs-</c> — из
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<c>sk-</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w>xsītt</w></ref> | <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot"/>
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<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss> или <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> при <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>lyskʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>. Разъясняется в рамках скифо-европейских изоглосс.
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Исходная индоевропейская база (без назального инфикса) — <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">skeip-</w>
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<note type="comment">(вариант <w type="rec">skeib-</w>)</note>, <w type="rec">skep-</w>
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<note type="comment">(варианты <w type="rec">skeb(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">skob(h)-</w>,
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<w type="rec">skab(h)</w>)</note>
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<gloss><q>отрез<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T171359+0300" comment="латинская а с акутом"?>á<?oxy_comment_end ?>ть,
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откалывать острым орудием</q>, <q>щепить</q></gloss> и т. п. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>922, 930—933</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T171807+0300" comment="праслав"?><mentioned><lang>праслав.</lang>
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<w type="rec">ščep-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>щепать</w>, <w>щепки</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>*скѢпати</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>скепать</w>
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<gloss><q>расщеплять</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T171606+0300" comment="какой это из двух забитых Фасмеров?"?><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S.">Vasmer </ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<biblScope>s. w.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>šḳibīt</w>
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<gloss><q>тесать</q>, <q>рубить</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>II 805</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>skifa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
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<w>skiva</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>раскалывать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Вставка -<c>n</c>- могла быть
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результатом контаминации с другими, семантически близкими базами: <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ksneu-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣna-uti</w>
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<gloss><q>точит</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>hu-xšnuta-</w>
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<gloss><q>хорошо отточенный</q></gloss></mentioned>) и <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sneit-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>snīđan</w>
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<gloss><q>тесать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>schneiden</w>
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<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnyf"><w>xsnyf</w></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It should go back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xš(n)aip-</w></mentioned>; this time <c>w</c> goes back to <c>p</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xawyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼīw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæl-"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnyf"><w>xsnyf</w>
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<gloss><q>sliver</q></gloss></ref> (with <c>f</c>). The initial group <c>xs-</c> comes
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from <c>sk-</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w>xsītt</w></ref> | <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot"/>
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<gloss><q>whistle</q></gloss> and <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> while having <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>lyskʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>. It can be explained within the framework of the
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Scythian-European isoglosses. The original Indo-European stem (no nasal infix) is
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">skeip-</w>
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<note type="comment">(variant <w type="rec">skeib-</w>)</note>, <w type="rec">skep-</w>
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<note type="comment">(variants <w type="rec">skeb(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">skob(h)-</w>,
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<w type="rec">skab(h)</w>)</note>
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<gloss><q>to cut off with a sharp tool</q>, <q>splinter</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>922, 930—933</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T171807+0300" comment="праслав"?><mentioned><lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
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<w type="rec">ščep-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>ščepatʼ</w>, <w>ščepki</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>*skěpati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>skepatʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>split</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T171606+0300" comment="какой это из двух забитых Фасмеров?"?><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S.">Vasmer </ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<biblScope>s. w.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>šḳibīt</w>
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<gloss><q>hew</q>, <q>chop</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>II 805</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>skifa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
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<w>skiva</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>split</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The insertions of -<c>n</c>- could be the
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result of contamination with other, semantically similar stems: <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ksneu-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣna-uti</w>
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<gloss><q>sharpens</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>hu-xšnuta-</w>
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<gloss><q>well honed</q></gloss></mentioned>) and <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sneit-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>snīđan</w>
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<gloss><q>hew</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>schneiden</w>
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<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsnyf"><w>xsnyf</w></ref>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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