227 lines
21 KiB
XML
227 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">abyræg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_abyræg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231217T200924+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3151e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>abyræg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3151e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>abæreg</orth><form xml:id="form_d3151e71" type="variant"><orth>abæræg</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3151e74">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3151e75">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>абрек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q><foreign>abrek</foreign></q>
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<note type="comment"> (a kind of Caucasian brigand)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3151e84">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>разбойник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>outlaw</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3151e94">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e96">
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<quote>æxæstony bæsty x˳yzdær særibar <oRef>abyræg</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вместо тюрьмы лучше быть свободным абреком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231217T195154+0300" comment="букв. с осетинского"?>instead
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of prison<?oxy_comment_end ?>, it is better to be a free outlaw</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>145</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e115">
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<quote>ḱī <oRef>abyræg</oRef> alyǧdī, ḱī xæxty bambæxstī, qalon nal
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fystoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кто убежал в абреки, кто спрятался в горах, податей больше не
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платили</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>some became <foreign>abreks</foreign>, some hid in the mountains,
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they no longer paid taxes</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e134">
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<quote>īw læg… <oRef>abyrǵytæm</oRef> baftydī</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>некоторый человек… попался разбойникам</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a certain man… fell among thieves</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 30</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e153" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fættærgaj dæn næ adæmæj, <oRef>abæregæj</oRef> raliǧtæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>обиделся я на наш народ, убежал от него абреком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I took offence at our people, I ran away (from them) as an
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<foreign>abrek</foreign></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e175" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fesqætæg æj ænæbari æ warzontæj, æ bæstæj; ku ne ’ncadæj æ xæʒari,
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<oRef>abæreg</oRef> nom in issæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он был оторван против воли от любимых, от родины; не знал он покоя в
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своем доме, и стало ему имя — абрек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he was separated from his loved ones, from his homeland against his
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will; he did not know peace at home, and he came to be called an
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<foreign>abrek</foreign></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sozur"/><biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e198" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>abærgutæ</oRef> æcægæj ærbaǧuztæncæ ærǧawmæ, fal sæ armi neci
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baftudæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>абреки действительно подкрались к стаду, но им не удалось ничем
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поживиться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the outlaws truly reached the herd, but nothing
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231217T195936+0300" comment="у Абаева иначе, но в ос. так и в англ. есть такая идиома"?>fell
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into their hands<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1949 II
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38</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3151e220" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>kæd <oRef>æbærgutæ</oRef> an, wæddær digorænttæ xunnæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хоть мы и абреки, все же мы называемся дигорцами</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>although we are outlaws, we call ourselves Digor after all</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1940 III
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60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Кавказское</q> слово,
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восходящее, возможно, к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e415" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e245" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">āparak</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e420" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e250" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āpartan</w>
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<gloss><q>добыча</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e434" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e264" xml:lang="pal"><w>āpar</w>
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<gloss><q>грабеж</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e440" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e270" xml:lang="fa" extralang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>āvāra</w>
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<gloss><q>бродяга</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e449" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e279" xml:lang="fa" extralang="tr"><w>āvār</w>
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<gloss><q>добыча</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>грабеж</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e461" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e291" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>avar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e466" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e296" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>avari</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e471" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e301" xml:lang="ka"><w>avara</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>бродяга</q></gloss></mentioned>; ближе к осетинскому стоят:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e477" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e307" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>abrakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e483" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e313" xml:lang="ka"><w>abragi</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e486" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e316" xml:lang="ka"><w>apʼarekʼa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e489" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e319" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>abragi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e494" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e324" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>ambreg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e499" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e329" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>abrag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e504" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e334" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>abrag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e510" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e340" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
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<w>abreg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e515" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e345" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>abrek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e520" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e350" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>äbarg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e525" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e355" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>oburg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e530" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e360" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>aburik</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Ошибочно: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl> (от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_byryn"><w>byryn</w>
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<gloss><q>ползти</q></gloss></ref>!).</note> Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e535" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e365" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>aparag</w>
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<gloss><q>пришелец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Различие между формами типа
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<w>aparek</w> (<w>abareg</w>) и <w>avara</w> следует объяснить тем, что
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первые усвоены из средне-, а вторые из новоперсидского. С начала XIX в. усвоено
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в южнорусские, особенно казачьи говоры, а также в русский литературный язык. Как
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видно, персидское слово было усвоено в языки Кавказа дважды: сперва в
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пехлевийской форме <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e544" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e374" xml:lang="pal"><w type="rec">āparak</w></mentioned> (отсюда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e549" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e379" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>abrak-</w></mentioned> и пр.), потом в новоперсидской <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e554" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e384" xml:lang="fa"><w>āvāra</w></mentioned> (отсюда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e559" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e389" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>avara</w></mentioned> и пр.). Осетинское слово, как видно в особенности
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из дигорской формы, усвоено от соседей; поэтому <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e564" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e394" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Ἄβραγος</w></mentioned> следует связать скорее с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e569" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e399" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>abra-</w></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"/>
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‘небо’.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/><biblScope>1958 I
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117—120</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Caucasian</q> word that
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possibly goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e245" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e415" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">āparak</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e250" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e420" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āpartan</w>
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<gloss><q>trophy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rob</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e264" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e434" xml:lang="pal"><w>āpar</w>
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<gloss><q>robbery</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e270" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e440" xml:lang="fa" extralang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>āvāra</w>
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<gloss><q>tramp</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e279" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e449" xml:lang="fa" extralang="tr"><w>āvār</w>
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<gloss><q>trophy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>robbery</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e291" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e461" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>avar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e296" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e466" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>avari</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e301" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e471" xml:lang="ka"><w>avara</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>tramp</q></gloss></mentioned>; the following words are closer to
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Ossetic: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e307" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e477" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>abrakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e313" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e483" xml:lang="ka"><w>abragi</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e316" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e486" xml:lang="ka"><w>apʼarekʼa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e319" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e489" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>abragi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e324" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e494" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>ambreg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e329" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e499" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>abrag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e334" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e504" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>abrag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e340" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e510" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
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<w>abreg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e345" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e515" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>abrek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e350" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e520" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>äbarg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e355" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e525" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>oburg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e360" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e530" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>aburik</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The
|
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etymology in <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl> is mistaken (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_byryn"/> ‘crawl’!).</note> Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e365" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e535" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>aparag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>newcomer</q></gloss></mentioned>. The difference between forms
|
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like <w>aparek</w> (<w>abareg</w>) and <w>avara</w> should be explained by the
|
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fact that the former were adopted from Middle Persian, and the latter, from New
|
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Persian. Since the early 19th century, the word has also been adopted into
|
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southern Russian, especially Cossack dialects, as well as into standard Russian.
|
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As can be seen, the Persian word was adopted into the languages of the
|
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|
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Caucasus twice: first in the Pahlavi form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e374" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e544" xml:lang="pal"><w>*āparak</w></mentioned> (whence <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e379" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e549" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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<w>abrak-</w></mentioned> etc.), and then in the New Persian form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e384" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e554" xml:lang="fa"><w>āvāra</w></mentioned> (whence <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e389" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e559" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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<w>avara</w></mentioned> etc.). The Ossetic word, as seen especially from
|
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the Digor form, was adopted from neighbouring languages; so <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e394" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e564" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>Ἄβραγος</w></mentioned> should be rather connected with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3151e399" xml:id="mentioned_d3151e569" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
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<w>abra-</w></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arv"><w>arv</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>sky</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>1958 I 117—120</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
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</entry>
|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|