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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_fydgūl.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_fydgūl" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d1396e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fydgūl</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d1396e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fudgol</orth><form xml:id="form_d1396e71" type="variant"><orth>fidgol</orth></form></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1396e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d1396e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>недруг</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>foe</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1396e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>ненавистник</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hater</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1396e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>враг</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>enemy</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1396e103">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1396e105">
<quote>dæ fydgūl aftæ!</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>твоему врагу (да будет) так!</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>so be it to your enemy!</q>
</abv:tr>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1396e120" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>i fudgolæj fættærsunmæ e ne ʽrxæsʒænæj æ sær</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>он не снизойдет до того, чтобы испугаться врага</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>he will not deign to fear the enemy</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1396e142" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>es ma nur næ cardi fudgoltæ, ka ixaluj xæʒaræn æ dast</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>есть еще в нашей жизни враги, которые мешают строительству дома</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>there are still enemies in our life who interfere with the
construction of our house</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/><biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1396e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>he ordigi færsæncojnæj e fudgolmæ fælgæsuj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>оттуда, опираясь на бок, он смотрит на врага</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>from there, leaning on his side, he is looking at the enemy</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Понятия ‘любви’ и ‘ненависти’ восходят часто к ‘колдовству’,
‘заклинанию’. Опираясь на это проверенное на ряде случаев положение исторической
семасиологии, мы возводим <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fudgol</hi> к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud-kor</hi>, где в первой части <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi> ‘зло’, а во второй — основа
глагола <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">korun</hi> ‘просить’,
первоначально — ‘просить с помощью заклинаний’, ‘ворожить’. Исходное значение
слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi>, таким образом: „навлекающий на кого-либо зло с помощью
заклинаний“ → ‘зложелатель’, ‘враг’. Противоположное <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/> (из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi>
‘доброжелатель’) получило значение ‘любовник’, ‘любовница’. Звуковое развитие
слова: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> в начале второй части сложного слова, как обычно (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūl</hi>); перебой конечного <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> мог произойти сперва в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūl</hi> по диссимиляции плавных, а затем был по
аналогии перенесен на <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi> из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūr</hi>. См. %r3%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>584</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The concepts of ‘love’ and ‘hate’ often go back to ‘witchcraft’,
‘incantation’. Relying on this proven position of historical semasiology on a
number of cases, we trace <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fudgol</hi> back to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud-kor</hi>, where in the first part there
is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi> ‘evil’, and in the second part
there is the stem of the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">korun</hi>
‘ask’, initially — ‘ask using spells’, ‘tell fortunes’. Thus, the initial
meaning of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi> is “bringing evil on someone with spells” →
‘ill-wisher’, ‘enemy’. The opposite word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/>
(from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> ‘well-wisher’) received the
meaning ‘lover’, ‘mistress’. The sound development of the word: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> in
the beginning of the second part of the compound word, as usual (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūl</hi>); the change of final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> could have happened first in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūr</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærz-_2"/><hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūl</hi> due to liquid dissimilation, and then it
could have been transfered by analogy to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fydgūl</hi> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūr</hi>. See %r3%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/>
and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/>. Compare with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæzgūl"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>584</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<note type="internal">возможно, слишком много хрефов</note>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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