169 lines
14 KiB
XML
169 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_iræd" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5454e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>iræd</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5454e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ærwæd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5454e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5454e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>калым</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bride price</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5454e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плата за невесту ее родителям</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>some form of wealth paid to the family of the bride</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(также
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi>)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(also
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi>)</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5454e96">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e98">
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<quote>mæ iræd cættæ ū… æxx˳yrsty myzdæj æræmbyrd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мой калым готов… я скопил его из заработков батрака</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my bridewealth is ready… I saved it from the farm labourer's
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earnings</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e117" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>de 'rwædi nimæʒæ min æj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стоимость твоего калыма— тысяча</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the value of your bridewealth is one thousand</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e139" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mænæ ærtæ æmbesi ci fons rakodton, omæj duwwæ xaji dæw fæwwæd, ew
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dæxe xaj, īnnæ ba din mæn xaj, ærwæddag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из скота, который я поделил на три части, пусть две части будут
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твоими, одна — причитающаяся тебе, другая — от меня, в счет
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калыма</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>from the cattle that I divided into three parts, let the two parts be
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yours, one is due to you, and the other is from me, as
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bridewealth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>438</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e161" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>sæ xæznatæ in Cærugtæ nur dædduncæ ærwædi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>теперь Царуговы отдают за нее (невесту) свои богатства в виде
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калыма</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>now Carugovs give for her (for a bride) their riches in the form of
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bridewealth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e183" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mæ ʒogæn se ‘mbesæj bafiston ærwæd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>половину своего стада я уплатил в качестве калыма</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I paid half of my herd as bridewealth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5454e206" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fesafdæj irædæn æ fingæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>перевелось угощенье в счет калыма</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>now there is no fare because of bridewealth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæd</hi> стоит в несомненной связи с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e281" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e231" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>urvati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e236" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>urdu</w>
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<gloss><q>калым</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но кто у кого заимствовал, осетины
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у своих кавказских соседей или последние у первых? При решении этого вопроса
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имеют значение следующие соображения. 1. Купля невесты свидетельствуется у
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индоевропейских народов от глубокой древности (см. выше). Нет, стало быть,
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оснований думать, что предки осетин познакомились с этим обычаем только после
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того, как вошли в соседство с кавказскими народами. 2. Груз. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">urvati</hi> и чеч.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">urdu</hi> не имеют, насколько можно судить, соответствий в других кавказских
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языках и не могут быть разъяснены в системе сравнительной грамматики кавказских
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языков. 3. По доступным материалам, слово распространено только в тех грузинских
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диалектах, которые соседят с осетинским, например мохевском (см.:
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<bibl><author>С.</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/><biblScope>Хеви 157 сл</biblScope></bibl>). Все это дает основание
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думать, что грузинское и чеченское слово идут от осетинского и что следует
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попытаться найти для осетинского слова иранскую этимологию. Сближаем с
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e299" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e249" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vrata-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e304" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e254" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>urvata-</w>
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<gloss><q>(религиозное) установление</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e313" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e263" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>обычай</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e319" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e269" xml:lang="ae"><w>urvati-</w>
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<gloss><q>договор</q></gloss></mentioned>. С звуковой стороны <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vrata-</hi>
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относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæd</hi>, как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vraja-</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">(i)ræz</hi> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræz"/>) и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæz</hi>. Грузинская и чеченская форма
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отражают, по-видимому, ст.ос. *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">urwæd</hi>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæd</hi> is undoubtedly related to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e281" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>urvati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e236" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e286" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>urdu</w>
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<gloss><q>bridewealth</q></gloss></mentioned>. But who borrowed from whom:
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Ossetes from their Caucasian neighbours or the latter from the former? The
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following considerations matter while tackling this issue 1. Indo-European
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peoples have practiced the bride buying since remotest antiquity (see above).
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Thus, there is no reason for thinking that the ancestors of Ossetes got
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acquainted with this tradition only after becoming neighbours with Caucasian
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peoples. 2. As far as is known, Georgian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">urvati</hi> and Chechen <hi rendition="#rend_italic">urdu</hi> do not
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correspond to other Caucasian words, and they cannot be explained in the system
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of comparative grammar of Caucasian languages. 3. According to the available
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material, this word is widespread only in Georgian dialects, neighboring
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Ossetic, for example, in Mokhevian (see: <bibl><author>S.</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/><biblScope>Khevi 157
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f.</biblScope></bibl>). All these facts give ground to think that a Georgian
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word and a Chechen one come from Ossetic and that the Iranian etymology should
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be found. It is related to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e249" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e299" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vrata-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e254" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e304" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>urvata-</w>
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<gloss><q>(religious) establishment</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e313" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>tradition</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5454e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5454e319" xml:lang="ae"><w>urvati-</w>
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<gloss><q>contract</q></gloss></mentioned>. As for the sound composition,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vrata-</hi> is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iræd</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæd</hi>, as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vraja-</hi> is related to
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">(i)ræz</hi> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræz"/>) and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ærwæz</hi>. Georgian
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and Chechen forms apparently reflect Old Ossetic *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">urwæd</hi>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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