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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_kʼaxyn.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kʼaxyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_kʼaxyn" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d1083e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>kʼaxyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d1083e68" type="participle"><orth>kʼaxt</orth></form></form>
<form xml:id="form_d1083e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kʼaxun</orth><form xml:id="form_d1083e73" type="participle"><orth>kʼaxt</orth></form></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1083e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d1083e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>копать</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>dig</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1083e86"><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">также</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also</note><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>выпытывать</q>
</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>try to get (smth. out of smb.) by interrogation</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1083e104">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1083e106">
<quote>myst kʼaxta ʽmæ jæxīcæn gædyjy sær</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>мышь копала и (откопала) себе кошачью голову</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the mouse was digging and (dug out) a cat’s head</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
217</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1083e125">
<quote>Ʒanaspijy mard zæjy bynæj yskʼaxtoj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>труп Дзанаспи откопали из-под лавины</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the dead body of Dzanaspi was dug out from under an avalanche</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1083e144">
<quote>kʼaxīs mītbynæj mæqqītæ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>ты стал бы выкапывать из-под снега <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">mæqqī</hi></q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>you would dig out <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">mæqqī</hi> from under the snow</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1083e163">
<quote>dæxī fækʼaxaj, kæd mæ cy kʼaxys!</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>чтобы тебе ковырять себя! чего ты у меня выпытываешь?</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>Let you pick yourself! What do you want to get from me?</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
90</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Сравнительно редкий в осетинском пример отыменного глагола: от
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> ‘нога’; первоначально, стало быть,
„копать ногой“ (о животных); ср. в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русском</hi> связь
между <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e242" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e190" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>копать</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e250" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e195" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>копыто</w></mentioned>, а также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e261" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e200" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>kok</w>
<gloss><q>нога</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e270" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e209" xml:lang="kv"><w>kokriə</w>
<gloss><q>копать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e276" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e215" xml:lang="kv"><w>kokan</w>
<gloss><q>мотыга</q></gloss></mentioned>. Такими же отыменными глаголами
являются в осетинском <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxyn"/> ‘чесать’ от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyx_1"/> ‘ноготь’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyrxyn"/> ‘пилить’ от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyrx"/>
‘пила’ и нек. др. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼaxæg"/> ‘свинья’ (эвфемизм); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼaxæn"/> ‘кирка’.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">A relatively rare example in the Ossetic of a denominal verb:
from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> ‘leg’; hence, initially it meant “to
dig by foot” (about animals); cf. the relation between <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e190" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e242" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>kopatʼ</w>
<gloss><q>dig</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e195" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e250" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>kopyto</w>
<gloss><q>hoof</q></gloss></mentioned> in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi>, and also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e200" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e261" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>kok</w>
<gloss><q>leg</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e209" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e270" xml:lang="kv"><w>kokriə</w>
<gloss><q>dig</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1083e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1083e276" xml:lang="kv"><w>kokan</w>
<gloss><q>hoe</q></gloss></mentioned>. The following Ossetic words are also
denominal: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxyn"/> ‘scratch’ from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyx_1"/> ‘nail’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyrxyn"/>
‘saw’ from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyrx"/> ‘saw’ and some else. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼaxæg"/> ‘pig’ (euphemism); <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼaxæn"/> ‘pick
hammer’.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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