239 lines
16 KiB
XML
239 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sqīs</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sqīs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3647e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sqīs</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)sqes</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3647e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сколок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>chip</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осколок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>splinter</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отколок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>broken-off piece</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>щепка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>split</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>заноза</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>sqīs kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">откалывать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">chip (v.)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отщеплять</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>split off</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næzy cyraǧ lyst <oRef>sqīstæ</oRef> kæræʒīwyl
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særfy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она трет одну о другую мелкие щепы сосновой
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лучины</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she rubs small splinters of pine wood against
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one another</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
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<biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælasy <oRef>sqīs</oRef> jæ kʼaxy
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fænyxst</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">щепка вонзилась ему в ногу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a splinter stuck into his leg</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ nyxy byn <oRef>sqīs</oRef> bawad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под ноготь мне попала заноза</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I got a splinter under my nail</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221026T120320+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sqīst</w> ← <w type="rec">skīsta-</w> (<w type="rec">skīd-ta-</w>)</mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> с вторичным vrddhi и с отпадением
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конечного <c>-t</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"><w>ūs</w>
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<q>женщина</q></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>īs</w>
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<gloss><q>есть</q>, <q>существует</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Индоевропейская база
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>skeid-</w>, <w>sḱeid-</w>, <w>sḱheid-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>919—921</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gu-sistan</w>
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<gloss><q>рвать(ся)</q>, <q>отрывать(ся)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>sindag</w> : <w>sist-</w>
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<gloss><q>ломать</q>, <q>щепить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">aw-sind-</w> (<w>ʽwsynd-</w>) <gloss><q>ломать</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>saed-</w> : <w>sista-</w>
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<gloss><q>раскалывать</q>, <q>расщеплять</q></gloss>, <w>a-sista-</w>
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<gloss><q>нерасколотый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čhid-</w> (<w>čhidyate</w>, <w>čhinattī</w>) , <gloss><q>отсекать</q>,
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<q>раскалывать</q></gloss>, <w>čheda-</w>
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<gloss><q>осколок</q>, <q>кусок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang>лит.</lang>
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<w>skìsti</w>
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<gloss><q>рвать</q>, <q>щипать</q></gloss>, <w>skiesti</w>
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<gloss><q>отделять</q></gloss>, <w>skiedà</w>
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<gloss><q>щепка</q>, <q>стружка</q>, <q>осколок</q>, <q>заноза</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>skaîda</w> id., <w>šḳiêsna</w>
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<gloss><q>волокно</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>skaidan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>scheiden</w>
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<gloss><q>отделять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>scīd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>scīt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Scheit</w>
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<gloss><q>дощечка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>scissus</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(прош. причастие от <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>scindo</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>расщепленный</q>, <q>разодранный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σχίζω</w>
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<gloss><q>расщеплять</q>, <q>раскалывать</q></gloss>, <w>σχίζα</w>
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<gloss><q>щепка</q>, <q>лучина</q></gloss></mentioned>, может быть также <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>keč</w>
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<gloss><q>осколок</q>, <q>щепка</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
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<biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Приведенные выше индоиранские
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формы отражают базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>sḱeid-</w></mentioned> (а не <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>skeid-</w></mentioned>). Осетинский в данной случае, как и в ряде
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других, примыкает не к индоиранским, а к европейским языкам. См. об этом <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>. — Для <c>q</c> вместо <c>k</c> в <oRef/> ср.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqawyn"/> рядом со <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼawyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqæl"/> из
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221026T123731+0300" comment="в этимологии этого слова было из skel, а не из skal, тогда какой поставить язык?"?><w type="rec">skal-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqīwyn"/> из
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skaip-</w></mentioned>. — Форму <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærqīs"/> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>I 179</biblScope></bibl>) следует рассматривать не как особое слово, а как
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вариацию <oRef/> с перебоем <c>s</c> → <c>r</c> по диссимиляции сибилянтов, как в
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsærdæs</w>
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<gloss><q>16</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšašdasa</w></mentioned>. — От того же корня глагол <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqīwyn"/>, q. v.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221026T120320+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sqīst</w> ← <w type="rec">skīsta-</w> (<w type="rec">skīd-ta-</w>)</mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> with a secondary vrddhi and with the
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loss of the final <c>-t</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūs"><w>ūs</w>
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<q>woman</q></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>īs</w>
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<gloss><q>is</q>, <q>exists</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. An Indo-European stem
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>skeid-</w>, <w>sḱeid-</w>, <w>sḱheid-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>919–921</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gu-sistan</w>
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<gloss><q>rip</q>, <q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>sindag</w> : <w>sist-</w>
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<gloss><q>break</q>, <q>chop</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">aw-sind-</w> (<w>ʽwsynd-</w>) <gloss><q>break</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>saed-</w> : <w>sista-</w>
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<gloss><q>split</q>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230205T125728+0300" comment="расщеплять????"?><q>cut</q><?oxy_comment_end ?></gloss>,
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<w>a-sista-</w>
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<gloss><q>unbroken</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čhid-</w> (<w>čhidyate</w>, <w>čhinattī</w>) , <gloss><q>splinter</q>,
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<q>split</q></gloss>, <w>čheda-</w>
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<gloss><q>splinter (n.)</q>, <q>piece</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>skìsti</w>
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<gloss><q>tear</q>, <q>pinch</q></gloss>, <w>skiesti</w>
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<gloss><q>separate</q></gloss>, <w>skiedà</w>
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<gloss><q>splinter (n.)</q>, <q>cuttings</q>, <q>shard</q>,
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<q>thorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>skaîda</w> id., <w>šḳiêsna</w>
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<gloss><q>fiber</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>skaidan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>scheiden</w>
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<gloss><q>separate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>scīd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>scīt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Scheit</w>
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<gloss><q>plate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>scissus</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(past participle of the verb <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>scindo</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>split</q>, <q>torn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σχίζω</w>
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<gloss><q>splinter</q>, <q>split</q></gloss>, <w>σχίζα</w>
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<gloss><q>sliver</q>, <q>splinter (n.)</q></gloss></mentioned>, probably also <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>keč</w>
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<gloss><q>shard</q>, <q>chip</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
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<biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The above Indo - Iranian
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forms reflect the stem <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>sḱeid-</w></mentioned> (and not
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>skeid-</w></mentioned>). Ossetic in this case, as in a
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number of others, is closer not to Indo-Iranian, but to European languages. See about this
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in <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>. — For <c>q</c> instead of <c>k</c>
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in <oRef/> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqawyn"/> while having <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼawyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqæl"/> from
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221026T123731+0300" comment="в этимологии этого слова было из skel, а не из skal, тогда какой поставить язык?"?><w type="rec">skal-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqīwyn"/> from
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skaip-</w></mentioned>. — The form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærqīs"/> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>I 179</biblScope></bibl>) should not be considered as a separate word, but as
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a variant of <oRef/> with the alternation <c>s</c> → <c>r</c> by dissimilation of
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sibilants, as in <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsærdæs</w>
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<gloss><q>16</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšašdasa</w></mentioned>. — The verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sqīwyn"/>
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derivates from the same stem, q. v.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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