468 lines
34 KiB
XML
468 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syǧdæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_syǧdæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2586e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syǧdæg</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>suǧdæg</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2586e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чистый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>clean</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>один (одни) только</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>only one(s) </q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>настоящий</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>real</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>святой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>saint</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в значении <gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss> в дигорском
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более употребительно <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæʒos"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor, the meaning <gloss><q>clean</q></gloss> is
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more likely to be associated with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæʒos"/></note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syǧdæg kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чистить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">clean</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>очищать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>purify</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syǧdægʒīnad</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чистота</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">purity</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syǧdægzærdæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праведный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">righteous</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чистосердечный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>candid</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syǧdæg ʒawma</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чистая одежда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">clean clothes</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syǧdæg don</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чистая вода</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pure water</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syǧdæg</oRef>, xærzæfsnajd watmæ
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næbakodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нас ввели в чистую, хорошо убранную комнату</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we were led into a clean, well-decorated
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room</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qūgom pyxsytæ ʽmæ x˳yrtæj
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<oRef>yssyǧdæg</oRef> kodtoj æmæ ʒy qajmæty k˳ystæj x˳ymgændtæ skodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прилегающий к аулу участок они очистили от
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кустарника и камней и адским трудом сделали там пашни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they cleared the area adjacent to the aul from
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bushes and stones and made arable land there with hellish labour</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj sæ bæx ū <oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> sawloxag, ūj
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sæ topp ū syǧdæg eræžypp, ūj sæ nymæt — syǧdæg andiag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уж и кони у них настоящей (<q>чистой</q>) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">шавлоховской</hi> (породы), уж и ружья у них —
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настоящий <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">eræžypp</hi>, уж и бурки у них настоящие
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андийские</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and their horses are of the real (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">clean</q>) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Shavlokh</hi> (breed), and their rifles are real <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">eræžypp</hi>, and their burkas are real Andi ones</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 101</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rajdydta jæm zīlyn (bæxmæ),
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<oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> xoræf jæ xasta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стал он ухаживать за ним (конем), кормил его
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чистым (одним только) ячменем</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he began to take care of it (the horse), fed
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him (only) pure barley</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱysany fostæ — <oRef>syǧdæg</oRef>
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kwistytæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ксанские стада (состоят) из одних только
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годовалых овец</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xan flocks (consist) of only one-year-old
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sheep</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>168</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz æwwændyn mæ bīnojnagyl,
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<oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> ū alcæmæj dær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я доверяю моей жене, она чиста во всем</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I trust my wife, she is clean in everything</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 90</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> kæcy <oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> zæd dæ fervæzyn
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kodta?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какой святой ангел тебя спас?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">which holy angel saved you?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wælarvon <oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> zæd
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ærbataxtīs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">небесный святой ангел прилетел</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">heavenly holy angel has arrived</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1959 I 35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawǵyn sæ tærsyn kodta, jæxī
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<oRef>syǧdæg</oRef> ūd xwydta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поп пугал их, называл себя святым духом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the priest scared them, called himself the holy
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spirit</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>171—172</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">falæ zærdæ otæ ʽnconæj kæd sijjevuj
|
|||
|
|
silæstæg,... warzt ma xonæ wæd <oRef>suǧdæg</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если женщина так легко меняет свое сердце, то
|
|||
|
|
(такую) любовь не называй чистой</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if a woman changes her heart so easily, then do
|
|||
|
|
not call (such) love pure</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">suxta-ka-</w>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">где <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>suxta-</c> — прош. причастие от <w type="rec">sauk-</w>, <w type="rec">sauč-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūʒyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">soʒun</w></ref>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>жечь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>гореть</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>: понятие <q>чистоты</q>
|
|||
|
|
связывалось с <q>огнем</q> как очищающей стихией. Идеосемантика <q>огонь</q> —
|
|||
|
|
<q>чистота</q> многообразно отражена в осетинском и других иранских языках в дериватах
|
|||
|
|
базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sauk-</w>, <w type="rec">sauč-</w></mentioned>: ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">pari-sauč-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>процеживать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūg"><w>ræsūg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">fra-sauka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>прозрачный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūǧd"><w>ræsuǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">fra-sūxta-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>красивый</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">afsuγd</w> (<w>ʼfsγd</w>) <gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>искренний</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">afsuxtē</w> (<w>fswγty</w>) <gloss><q>sacrifié</q></gloss><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1922 XXIII 113</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">ōsūxt</w> (<w>ʼwswγt</w>) <gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очищенный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>pasoč-</w>: <w>pasūxt</w> (<w>pswč-</w>: <w>pswγt</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очищать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">pasūxtē</w> (<w>pswγtyy</w>) <gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ωσογδο</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>ωσογδο-μαγγο</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">ōsūxtmānāk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чистосердечный</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1960 XXIII 51</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vasūjs-</w> (= <w>vasūʒ-</w>): <w>vasuta-</w> (<w type="rec">ava-sauč-</w>: <w type="rec">ava-suxta-</w>) <gloss><q>очищать</q></gloss></mentioned>, инхоативная
|
|||
|
|
основа <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>vasūs-</w> (<w type="rec">ava-sūxs-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очищаться</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Аsmussеn</author>. <title>The Khotanese
|
|||
|
|
Bhadracaryādean</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 89—90</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>suraa-</w> (<w type="rec">suxraka-</w>) <gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sūγdúk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>жидкий</q>(о пище)</gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> следует, быть может,
|
|||
|
|
понимать <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">процеженный</q> и сблизить с ос.
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>syǧdæg</oRef>, а по значению в особенности с ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>процеживать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsyǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>процеженный</q></gloss></ref>.</note> ср., далее, того же корня <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>śuča-</w>, <w>śuči-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в прямом, переносном и ритуальном
|
|||
|
|
значении)</note></mentioned>. Развитие значения <q>чистый</q> → <q>святой</q>, как в
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>surb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼminda</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Dumézil</author>, <title>Paideuma</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1960 VII 223, прим. 31</biblScope></bibl>). — От глубокой древности свидетельствуется в
|
|||
|
|
топонимии: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Suγda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Sug<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">u</hi>da-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Σόγδοι</w><note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Геродот</author></bibl> и
|
|||
|
|
др.)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>название восточноиранской страны и народа</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(с характерным для восточноиранского весьма ранним
|
|||
|
|
озвончением <c>xt</c> → <c>γd</c></note>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>211</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>; далее, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Σόγδαια</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>название греческой колонии в Крыму (основана в 212 г. н. э.)</gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Судак</w> (из <w>Suγdak</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>, с <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">булгарским</q> перебоем <c>d</c> → <c>r </c>
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><w>Surag</w></mentioned>, откуда <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Сурожь</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 39, 49</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Название означало,
|
|||
|
|
очевидно, <q>чистый</q>, <q>священный</q> (страна, город). — Связь понятий <q>огонь</q> —
|
|||
|
|
<q>очищение</q> можно иллюстрировать еще несколькими примерами: одно из названий огня в
|
|||
|
|
древнеиндийском, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pāvaka-</w>, означает буквально
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">очиститель</q></gloss></mentioned> (от
|
|||
|
|
корня <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pu-</w>, <w>pav-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очищать</q></gloss></mentioned>); <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pajz-</w> означает <gloss><q>варить</q></gloss> и
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очищать</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼena</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чистый</q></gloss></mentioned> представляет производное от <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><w>cʼe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>огонь</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Древние представления об очищающей силе огня
|
|||
|
|
отразились в погребальном ритуале скифов и сарматов. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">У
|
|||
|
|
края свежевырытой могилы разжигались погребальные костры</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Смирнов</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Савроматы</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
|||
|
|
96</biblScope></bibl>). <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Характерным для срубной культуры является обряд огненного
|
|||
|
|
очищения, известный в различных формах, в том числе в виде устройства кострищ над
|
|||
|
|
перекрытием могил</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Ильинская</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Скифский период в днепровском лесостепном Левобережье. Автореф. докт.
|
|||
|
|
дисс</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 45</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
|
Аналогичный обычай у осетин; см. выше под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūg"><w>sūg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дрова</q></gloss></ref>. С этими представлениями связан и обряд трупосожжения.
|
|||
|
|
— См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūʒyn"/>; в семантическом плане ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 57, III 77</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21, 38, 72, 120, 183</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">suxta-ka-</w>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">where <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><c>suxta-</c> is the past participle from<w type="rec">sauk-</w>, <w type="rec">sauč-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūʒyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">soʒun</w></ref>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>burn</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burn
|
|||
|
|
(sth.)</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>: the notion of <q>purity</q> was
|
|||
|
|
asscoaied with <q>fire</q> as a cleansing element. The ideosemantics <q>fire</q> —
|
|||
|
|
<q>purity</q> is diversely reflected in Ossetic and other Iranian languages in the
|
|||
|
|
derivatives of the base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sauk-</w>, <w type="rec">sauč-</w></mentioned>: Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">pari-sauč-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>filter</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūg"><w>ræsūg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">fra-sauka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>transparent</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūǧd"><w>ræsuǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">fra-sūxta-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>beautiful</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">afsuγd</w> (<w>ʼfsγd</w>) <gloss><q>clean</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sincere</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning-MacKenzie"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">afsuxtē</w> (<w>fswγty</w>) <gloss><q>sacrifié</q></gloss><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1922 XXIII 113</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">ōsūxt</w> (<w>ʼwswγt</w>) <gloss><q>clean</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>purified</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>pasoč-</w>:
|
|||
|
|
<w>pasūxt</w> (<w>pswč-</w>: <w>pswγt</w>) <gloss><q>purify</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">pasūxtē</w> (<w>pswγtyy</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>clean</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ωσογδο</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>clean</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><w>ωσογδο-μαγγο</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">ōsūxtmānāk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>candid</q></gloss></mentioned>: <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1960 XXIII 51</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vasūjs-</w> (= <w>vasūʒ-</w>): <w>vasuta-</w> (<w type="rec">ava-sauč-</w>: <w type="rec">ava-suxta-</w>) <gloss><q>purify</q></gloss></mentioned>, the inchoative
|
|||
|
|
stem <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>vasūs-</w> (<w type="rec">ava-sūxs-</w>) <gloss><q>be
|
|||
|
|
cleansed</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The Khotanese
|
|||
|
|
Bhadracaryādean</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>pp. 89—90</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>suraa-</w> (<w type="rec">suxraka-</w>) <gloss><q>clean</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sūγdúk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>liquid</q>(food)</gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> should perhaps be understood
|
|||
|
|
as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">filtered</q> and bring it closer to
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>syǧdæg</oRef>, and , semantically, especially to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsūʒyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>filter</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"><w>færsyǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>filtered</q></gloss></ref>.</note> cf., further, the same stem in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>śuča-</w>, <w>śuči-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>clean</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in direct, figurative and ritual
|
|||
|
|
sense)</note></mentioned>. Development of the meaning <q>clean</q> → <q>saint</q> is as
|
|||
|
|
in <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>surb</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼminda</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Dumézil</author>, <title>Paideuma</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1960 VII 223, note 31</biblScope></bibl>). — From ancient
|
|||
|
|
times, it is evidenced by toponymy: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Suγda-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
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<w>Sug<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">u</hi>da-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Σόγδοι</w><note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Herodotus</author></bibl>
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etc.)</note>
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<gloss>name of an eastern Iranian country and people</gloss>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(with very early voicing <c>xt</c> → <c>γd</c>
|
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typical of Eastern Iranian</note>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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<biblScope>211</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>; further, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Σόγδαια</w>
|
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<gloss>the name of the Greek colony in the Crimea (founded in 212
|
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AD)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
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<w>Sudak</w> (from <w>Suγdak</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
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<biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>, with <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Bulgarian</q> alternation <c>d</c> → <c>r </c>
|
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|
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<mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><w>Surag</w></mentioned>, whence <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Surožь</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>II 39, 49</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The name obviously
|
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|
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meant <q>clean</q>, <q>sacred</q> (country, city). — The relationship of the notions
|
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|
|
<q>fire</q> — <q>cleansing</q> can be illustrated with a few more examples: one of the
|
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|
|
names of fire in ancient Indian, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pāvaka-</w>, means
|
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|
|
literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">purifier</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
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|
|
(from the stem <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pu-</w>, <w>pav-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>purify</q></gloss></mentioned>); <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>pajz-</w> means <gloss><q>cook</q></gloss> and
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>purify</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼena</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>clean</q></gloss></mentioned> is derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><w>cʼe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fire</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The ancient ideas of the purifying power of
|
|||
|
|
fire were reflected in the funeral rituals of the Scythians and Sarmatians. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Funeral pyres were kindled at the edge of a freshly dug
|
|||
|
|
grave</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Smirnov</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Savromaty</title> [The Sauromates]. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Moscow</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1964</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 96</biblScope></bibl>). <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The rite of fiery cleansing, known in various forms,
|
|||
|
|
including the arrangement of fires over the grave overlappings is typical of the Timber
|
|||
|
|
grave culture</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Ilyinskaya</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Skifskiy period v dneprovskom lesostepnom Levoberezhye</title> [The Scythian period
|
|||
|
|
in the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank]. Abstract of a doctoral dissertation. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
|
|||
|
|
45</biblScope></bibl>). A similar custom was attested among the Ossetians; see above
|
|||
|
|
under the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūg"><w>sūg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>firewood</q></gloss></ref>. The rite of cremation is also connected with these
|
|||
|
|
notions. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūʒyn"/>; semantically, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færsūʒyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsūg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 57, III 77</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21, 38, 72, 120, 183</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
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|
|
</TEI>
|