178 lines
16 KiB
XML
178 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">twal</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_twal" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1725e66" type="lemma"><orth>twal</orth></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, обычно мн. ч. <oRef>twaltæ</oRef> название той части
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осетин, которая населяет верховья реки Ардон на северных склонах Центрального Кавказа,
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<q>туальцы</q>; отсюда был родом прославленный народный поэт Коста Хетагуров (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xetæggaty Kʼosta</phr></mentioned>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, usually plural <oRef>twaltæ</oRef> the name of that
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part of the Ossetians that inhabits the upper reaches of the Ardon River on the northern
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slopes of the Central Caucasus,
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<q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T235723+0300" comment="туальцы??"?>Tuals<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>;
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famous folk poet Kosta Khetagurov was born here (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xetæggaty
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Kʼosta</phr></mentioned>)</note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>twallag</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">туальский</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tualian</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>туалец</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Tual person</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Twalgom</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Туальское ущелье</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tual gorge</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>twallag pysyra</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">туальская крапива</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tual nettle</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(пользуется репутацией особенно жгучей)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (has a reputation for being especially burning)</note>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. От <oRef>twaltæ</oRef> следует отличать <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Ūrstwaltæ"><w>Urs-twaltæ</w>
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<gloss><q>белых туальцев</q></gloss></ref>: последние населяют южные склоны Центрального
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Кавказа в верховьях реки Лиахвы</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. One should distinguish <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Ūrstwaltæ"><w>Urs-twaltæ</w>
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<gloss><q>white Tual people</q></gloss></ref> from <oRef>twaltæ</oRef>: the latter
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inhabit the southern slopes of the Central Caucasus in the upper reaches of the Liakhva
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River</note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>dvali</w></mentioned> с оглушением начального <c>d-</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
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<gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>droša</w></mentioned></note></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarvaz"><w>tarvaz</w>
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<gloss><q>косяк</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>darbaz</w></mentioned></note></ref>
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и др. Этноним <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>dvali</w></mentioned> в грузинской
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географической традиции прикреплен к той же территории, что ос. <oRef>twal</oRef>, а
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именно к верховьям Ардона южнее ущелья <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Kʼasara</w></mentioned>, включающим владения аулов <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zæræmæg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zǧīl</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Nar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zrūg</w></mentioned> [<bibl>Царевич <author>Вахушти</author>. <title>Описание
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царства грузинского (на груз. яз.)</title>. <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>,
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<date>1941</date>, <biblScope>стр. 107</biblScope></bibl>. — Названия двальских аулов
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<name>Вахушти</name> дает в форме <w>Zramaga</w>, <w>Zǧele</w>, <w>Nara</w>,
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<w>Zrogo</w>]. Нет сомнения, что <w>dval</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>dvali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>dval-k</w></mentioned>) в древности было наименованием одной из местных, кавказских
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этнических групп, известных в Географии <bibl><author>Птолемея</author> (<biblScope>кн. V,
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гл. VIII, 17—25</biblScope>)</bibl> как <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Οὔαλοι</w></mentioned>, у <bibl><author>Плиния</author></bibl> как <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Valli</w></mentioned>, на <bibl><title>Tabula
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Peutingeriana</title></bibl> как <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Divali</w></mentioned>
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(см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>68–69</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Еремян</author>. <title>Расселение
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горских народов Кавказа по Птолемею и «Армянской географии» VII в.</title>
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<bibl type="m"><title>Труды VII междунар. конгресса антропол. и этногр.
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наук</title></bibl>, <biblScope>т. VIII, 1970, стр. 405</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Гамрекели</author>. <title>Двалы и Двалетия в I–XV вв. н. э.</title>
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<pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date></bibl>). С приходом алан в Центральный
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Кавказ название, как это часто бывает, перешло к той их ветви, которая расселилась на
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территории древних двалов и смешалась с ними, так же как, скажем, название литовского
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племени прусов перешло на восточных немцев, а название кельтского племени бритов — на
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завоевателей англосаксов.<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Гамрекели</author>
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<note type="comment">(ор. cit.)</note></bibl> совершенно прав, когда он считает
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<w>dval</w> коренным кавказским, а не импортированным этнонимом. Но явно
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несостоятельно его утверждение, что двалы существовали как особое племя до XV в. н. э.
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(см.: <bibl><author>Гаглойти</author>. <title>Аланы и вопросы этногенеза осетин</title>.
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<pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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89–100</biblScope></bibl>). Грузинская летопись не упоминает народа двалов и знает
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только область <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Dvaleti</w></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Kartlis
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cxovreba</title>. <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1942</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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34, 42, 163</biblScope></bibl>).</note> — Ср. другие локальные этнонимы осетин: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ir"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">dygūr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">digoræ</w></ref>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Ūrstwaltæ"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>dvali</w></mentioned> with the deafening of the initial <c>d-</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyrysa"><w>tyrysa</w>
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<gloss><q>banner</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>droša</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarvaz"><w>tarvaz</w>
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T000007+0300" comment="этот косяк?..."?>cant<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>darbaz</w></mentioned></note></ref> etc. The ethnonym <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>dvali</w></mentioned> in the Georgian geographical tradition is attached to the
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same territory as Ossetic <oRef>twal</oRef>, namely, to the upper reaches of the Ardon
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south of the gorge <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Kʼasara</w></mentioned>, including the
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domains of auls <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zæræmæg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zǧīl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Nar</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Zrūg</w></mentioned> [<bibl>Prince
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<author>Vakhushti</author>. <title>Description of the Kingdom of Georgia</title> [in Georgian].
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<pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope>p. 107</biblScope></bibl>.
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— the names of the Dvalian auls are given by <name>Vakhushti</name> in the form
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<w>Zramaga</w>, <w>Zǧele</w>, <w>Nara</w>, <w>Zrogo</w>]. There is no doubt that
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<w>dval</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>dvali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>dval-k</w></mentioned>) in ancient times was the name of one of the local, Caucasian
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ethnic groups known in the Geograpgy of <bibl><author>Ptolemy</author> (<biblScope>book V,
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chapter VIII, 17—25</biblScope>)</bibl> as <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Οὔαλοι</w></mentioned>, <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T000518+0300" comment="как лучше)))))))"?>in<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<bibl><author>Pliny</author></bibl>’s works as <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Valli</w></mentioned>, in <bibl><title>Tabula Peutingeriana</title></bibl> as
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<mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>Divali</w></mentioned> (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>68–69</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Yeremyan</author>.
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<title>Rasselenie gorskix narodov Kavkaza po Ptolemeju i <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Armjanskoj geografii</q> VII v.</title> [The distribution of
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the mountain peoples of the Caucasus according to Ptolemy and the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Armenian Geography</q>
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of the 7th century]. <bibl type="m"><title>Trudy VII meždunarodnogo kongressa
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antropologičeskix i ètnografičeskix nauk</title> [Proceedings of the VII International
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Congress of Anthropological and Ethnographic Sciences]</bibl>,
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<biblScope>vol. VIII, 1970, p. 405</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Gamrekeli</author>. <title>Dvaly i Dvaletija v I–XV vv. n. è.</title> [The Dvals and
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Dvaletia in the 1st–15th centuries AD]
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<pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date></bibl>). With the arrival of the Alans
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in the Central Caucasus, the name, as often happens, passed to that branch of them that
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settled in the territory of the ancient Dvals and mixed with them, just as, say, the name
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of the Lithuanian tribe of the Prussians passed to the East Germans, and the name of the
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Celtic tribe of the Britons – on the conquerors of the Anglo-Saxons.<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Gamrekeli</author>
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<note type="comment">(op. cit.)</note></bibl> is absolutely right when he considers
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<w>dval</w> to be a native Caucasian, and not an imported ethnonym. But his assertion
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that the Dvals existed as a separate tribe until the 15th century AD is clearly
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untenable (see: <bibl><author>Gagloity</author>. <title>Alany i voprosy ètnogeneza
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osetin</title> [The Alans and problems of ethnogenesis of Ossetians].
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<pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>p.
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89–100</biblScope></bibl>). The Georgian chronicle does not mention the Dval people
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and only knows the <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Dvaleti</w></mentioned> area
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(<bibl><title>Kartlis cxovreba</title>. <pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>,
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<date>1942</date>, <biblScope>p. 34, 42, 163</biblScope></bibl>).</note> — Cf. other
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local ethnonyms of Ossetians: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ir"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">dygūr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">digoræ</w></ref>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Ūrstwaltæ"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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