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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_xīx.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīx</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_xīx" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d598e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīx</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xexæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d598e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>хвоя</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>fir needles</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>побег</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>sprout</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>почка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>bud</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>ветка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>branch</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сучок</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>knot</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойный</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">coniferous</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn bælas</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойное дерево</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">conifer tree</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn qæd</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойный лес</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">coniferous forest</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæǧ... næzy bælasæn jæ cʼæx sūʒinxoyz
<oRef>xīxtæ</oRef> xæry</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">коза ест зеленую иглоподобную хвою сосны</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">goat eats green needle-like pine needles</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
<biblScope>1957 III 24</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælæstæn sæ <oRef>xīxtæ</oRef>
axsæsta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он обрубил сучья у деревьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he cut the branches off the trees</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ qæræj qædy <oRef>xīx</oRef> zǧæly</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от его крика осыпается лесная хвоя</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from his cry the forest needles crumble</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
<biblScope>I 70</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærīsæn jæ <oRef>xīx</oRef> færæsyd</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на иве набухают почки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">buds swell on the willow</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
<biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wad-dymgæ stong syrdaw zīly, gom
<oRef>xīxtæm</oRef> wazal xæssy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер кружит, как голодный зверь, наносит стужу
на голые ветви</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind whirls like a hungry beast, chills the
bare branches</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
<biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razdær næ xæxty <oRef>xīxǵyn</oRef> bælæstæ,
tūlʒ æmæ syvylʒ paraxatæj, zadysty </quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раньше в наших горах хвойные деревья, дуб и
карагач росли в изобилии</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">earlier coniferous trees, oaks and elms grew in
abundance in our mountains </q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
<biblScope>1967 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cawæjnænttæn... næzuj <oRef>xexæ</oRef> — sæ
fælmæn xussæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">для охотников сосновая хвоя — их мягкая
постель</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for hunters pine needles are their soft bed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
<biblScope>II 466</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w xml:lang="ira">xwaikā-</w></mentioned> и неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w type="rec">xvojka</w>, уменьш. от <w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w>xvôjka</w>
<gloss><q>хвоя</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w>xôjka</w>
<gloss><q>ель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl-x-old"><lang/>
<w>chwojka</w>
<gloss><q>вид можжевельника</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>хвойка</w>
<gloss><q>ветвь хвойного дерева</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
<w>хвойка</w>
<gloss><q>сосенка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
<biblScope>VIII 127</biblScope></bibl>). Заимствование степняками скифами от лесовиков
славян такого слова как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хвоя</q> представляется вполне
естественным. Отметим, что и осетинские названия ели (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_naz"/>) и сосны (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_næzy"/>) трудно признать оригинальными. Нельзя
обойти молчанием в связи с ос. <oRef>xīx</oRef> и некоторые припамирские факты: <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>xax</w>
<gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
<biblScope>249</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
<w>xēx</w>
<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/><biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>) производит эти слова от <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šax</w>
<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned>, что связано с фонетическими трудностями. Не
исключено, что они связаны с ос. <oRef>xīx</oRef> | <oRef>xexæ</oRef> и служат
подтверждением того, что припамирские иранские языки также являются осколками
скифо-сакского мира. См. об этом: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">139—140, гл. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Скифы и
сако-афгано-припамирская группа</q></biblScope></bibl>. — Этимологически со
славянским <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned> связано,
вероятно, в конечном счете и <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>свая</w></mentioned>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w xml:lang="ira">xwaikā-</w></mentioned> and is inseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w type="rec">xvojka</w>, diminutive from <w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned>, cf.
<mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w>xvôjka</w>
<gloss><q>fir needles</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
<w>xôjka</w>
<gloss><q>spruce</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl-x-old"><lang/>
<w>chwojka</w>
<gloss><q>juniper species</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>xvojka</w>
<gloss><q>coniferous tree branch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
<w>xvojka</w>
<gloss><q>pine</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
<biblScope>VIII 127</biblScope></bibl>). Borrowing of such a word from the Slavic
foresters by the Scythians dwelling in the steppe seems quite natural. Note that the
Ossetian names of spruce (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_naz"/>) and pine (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_næzy"/>) are difficult to recognize as original. It is impossible to pass
over in silence the connection of Ossetic . <oRef>xīx</oRef> with some facts from Pamir:
<mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
<w>xax</w>
<gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
<biblScope>249</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
<w>xēx</w>
<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>) traces back these words to<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šax</w>
<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is associated with phonetic
difficulties. It is possible that they are related to Ossetic <oRef>xīx</oRef> |
<oRef>xexæ</oRef> and are a confirmation of the fact that the Pamir Iranian languages
are also fragments of the Scythian-Saka world. On this, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="en">139—140, chapter <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Scythians
and the Saka-Afghan-Pamir group</q></biblScope></bibl>. — Ethymologically, Slavic
<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned> is probably connected in
the end to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>svaja</w></mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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