331 lines
22 KiB
XML
331 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xalon</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xalon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2162e66" type="lemma"><orth>xalon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2162e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ворона</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>crow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Cornix</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Cornix</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synt_1"><w>synt</w>
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<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_synt_1"><w>synt</w>
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<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæmdær ta <oRef>xalon</oRef>... cyxty kʼært
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’ssardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где-то ворона нашла кусок сыра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">somewhere a crow found a piece of cheese</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> barǧævst synʒyl</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона окоченела на терновом кусте</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow got frost on a sloe bush</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef>
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<oRef>xalony</oRef> cæst næ kʼaxy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона вороне глаз не выклюет</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow won't peck out an eye of a crow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
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</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> jæ ony kæsy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона смотрит (гадает, смотря) в свою
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лопаточную кость</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow looks (tells fortunes, looking) at its
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blade bone</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
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</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 228</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi></note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Вороне
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приписывался дар прорицания. О гадании по лопаточной кости животных см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
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<biblScope>227, s. v. <w>on</w></biblScope></bibl>.</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">To crow was
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ascribed the gift of prophecy. About telling fortunes with blade bones of animals see:
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
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<biblScope>227, s. v. <w>on</w></biblScope></bibl>.</note>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj jæ zydtaj? <oRef>xalonaw</oRef> de ony
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kæsys?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">откуда ты это знала? гадаешь подобно вороне по
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собственной лопатке?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how did you know that? do you tell fortunes,
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like a crow, with your blade?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<date>1972</date>
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<biblScope>VI 22</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fydwacxæssæg <oRef>xalon</oRef> faǵysy
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raǧæj... wasyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вестница беды ворона каркала с навозной
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кучи</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow, the messenger of disaster, croaked from
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a dung heap</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalættæ</oRef> jæ særmæ
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taxtysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">над ее головой летали ворóны</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">crows flew above her head</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fydæbony <oRef>xalætty</oRef> wast x˳ymætægy
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næ kænūt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не зря каркаете, как зловещие ворóны</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are croaking not in vain, as sinister
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crows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ cæfxædti sigittæ wællæj saw
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<oRef>xalænttaw</oRef> tæxʒænæncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">комья земли из-под его (коня) копыт будут
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летать поверху, как черные ворóны</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">clods of earth from his (horse's) hooves will
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fly above, as black crows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xalon</oRef> nekæd axæssuj nard wærccæ
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buduri</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона никогда не поймает жирную перепелку в
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поле</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a crow will never catch a fat quail in a
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field</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæssæd mæ xwærunmæ <oRef>xalon</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть ворона уносит меня на съедение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may a crow carry me to be eaten</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ osi... sæxe duwwæ lacini festun
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kodtoncæ, lægi ba saw <oRef>xalon</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">две женщины обратили себя в двух соколов, а
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мужа — в черную ворону</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two women turned themselves into two falcons, a
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husband [they turned into] a black crow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>30<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3–4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">В названиях ворона и вороны мы находим в ряде языков, генетически или
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ареально связанных или не связанных с осетинским, трехсог.ласные основы типа <w>KRN</w> ‖
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<w>KLN</w> ‖ <w>XRN</w> ‖ <w>XLN</w>. На индоевропейской почве: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>qalānǰik</w>
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<gloss><q>corbeu</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/>
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<biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="tg" extralang="sgh yai"><lang/>
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<w>qulang</w>
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<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (с другим
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третьим согласным) <w>kulāγ</w>, <w>kalāγ</w>
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<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
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<biblScope>275</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
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<biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>xūrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>xern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>xworn</w>
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<gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
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<biblScope>270</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
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<biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
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<biblScope>98<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)<note type="footnote">С весьма сомнительным анализом: <w type="rec">ku-varana-</w>.</note>,
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
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<w>χορώνη</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>cornix</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss>id</gloss></mentioned>. На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>qorani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>a-qwarūn</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>kerona</w>, <w>glon</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss>названия птиц</gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); двухсогласный тип: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>q˳alä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>qalä</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>галка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>352</biblScope></bibl>). В угро-финских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>kaarue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>karn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>xarna</w>, <w>harona</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>kərnəš</w>, <w>kərnəž</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>ворон</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>kranč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>kolank</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>holló</w>, <w>hallo</w> (с отпадением конечного <c>-n</c>?)
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>ворона</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>s. v. <w>kaarne</w></biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>). Звуковая близость в столь различных и территориально
|
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|
|
удаленных друг от друга языках объясняется прежде всего участием звукоподражательного и
|
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|
|
экспрессивного моментов. Но не исключено, что в отдельных случаях имели место контакты
|
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|
|
между соответствующими языками в прошлом. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>771</biblScope></bibl> (приводятся памирские и угро-финские факты). —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>68 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sariqoli
|
|||
|
|
<w>xērn</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>73 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">kurd.
|
|||
|
|
<w>qalānǰik</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl><hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi><note type="footnote">Старая форма ос. <oRef/> должна была звучать <w type="rec">xalan</w>. Не
|
|||
|
|
отсюда ли фамилия <w>Холанский</w>?</note></etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The names of a crow and of a raven in some languages, genetically or
|
|||
|
|
areally connected or not connected with Ossetic, contain three-consonants stems of such
|
|||
|
|
types: <w>KRN</w> ‖ <w>KLN</w> ‖ <w>XRN</w> ‖ <w>XLN</w>. On the Indo-European ground
|
|||
|
|
there are the following facts: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qalānǰik</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>corbeu</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="tg" extralang="sgh yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qulang</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> (with the
|
|||
|
|
other third consonant) <w>kulāγ</w>, <w>kalāγ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>275</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xūrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xworn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>270</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>202</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl><note type="footnote">With a very dubious analysis: <w type="rec">ku-varana-</w>.</note>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>χορώνη</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cornix</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>id</gloss></mentioned>. On the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qorani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>a-qwarūn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kerona</w>, <w>glon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>names of birds</gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); the two consonant type: <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>q˳alä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qalä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>jackdaw</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mészaros"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>352</biblScope></bibl>). In Finno-Ugric languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaarue</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xarna</w>, <w>harona</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv" extralang="udm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kərnəš</w>, <w>kərnəž</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>raven</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kranč</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kolank</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>holló</w>, <w>hallo</w> (with lost of the final <c>-n</c>?)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crow</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>s. v. <w>kaarne</w></biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>). The phonetic proximity of the words in so different
|
|||
|
|
and geographically distant from each other languages is explained primarily by assuming
|
|||
|
|
their ideophonic and expressive nature. But it is not excluded that in some cases contacts
|
|||
|
|
between some languages took place in the past.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>771</biblScope></bibl> (there Pamir and Finno-Ugric facts are given). —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>68 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sariqoli
|
|||
|
|
<w>xērn</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>73 (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">kurd.
|
|||
|
|
<w>qalānǰik</w></q>)</biblScope></bibl>.<note type="footnote">The old form of Ossetic
|
|||
|
|
<oRef/> would have the phonetic form <w type="rec">xalan</w>. May the surname
|
|||
|
|
<w>Cholanskiy</w> be derived from this form?</note></etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|