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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_xarbyz.xml

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Initial BaseX export
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xarbyz</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_xarbyz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d1945e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xarbyz</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xarbuz</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1945e69">
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>арбуз</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>watermelon</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>Anguria</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>Anguria</q>
</abv:tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<gloss><q>Citrullus</q></gloss>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<gloss><q>Citrullus</q></gloss>)</note>
</sense>
</sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qwamæ dywwæ-’rtæ <oRef>xarbyzy</oRef> æmæ
īw-dywwæ ǵirankajy ʒūl wærdony bappærstaid</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он предполагал кинуть в арбу два-три арбуза и
фунта два белого хлеба</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he intended to throw into the bullock cart two
or three watermelons and nealy two pounds of bread</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw army dywwæ <oRef>xarbyzy</oRef> næ
cæwy</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в одной руке не вмещаются два арбуза</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">two watermelons do not fit into one hand</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>a proverb</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xarbuz</oRef> afonæ mæ ew boni sæwmæj
skʼolamæ fæxxudta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во время (созревания) арбузов (мать) однажды
утром повела меня в школу</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the time of (ripening of) watermelons, one
morning (my mother) took me to school</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
<biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Многочисленные соответствия в иранских, тюркских, кавказских языках:
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xarbūza</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>xarbūčak</w>, <w>xarbōǰīna</w>
<gloss><q>дыня</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
<biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Junker._Frahang"/>
<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>xerbuz</w>, <w>harbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>xarbuza</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qarbus</w>, <w>qarbəs</w>, <w>qarpuz</w>, <w>xarbus</w>, <w>xarbuz</w></mentioned>
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 212, 214, 215, 1673</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
<biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>xarbzakʼ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
<biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi><note type="footnote">Рядом с <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><w>ʒəmarukʼ</w></mentioned>.</note><mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>qarpuzi</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
<biblScope>603, 610</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi><note type="footnote">В литературном <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang>грузинском</lang> —
<w>sazamtro</w></mentioned>.</note><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
<w>xaburzakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>xaburzakʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-xabərzak</w>, <w>a-karpəž˳</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>xarbaz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>xorbaz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>xarpuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
<w>xarbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
<w>qʼalpuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>xarbəz</w>
<gloss><q>арбуз</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
<w>гарбуз</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> (из укр.)
<w>арбуз</w></mentioned>. — Первоисточником считают обычно <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xarbūza</w></mentioned>, которое осмысляется как <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ослиный огурец</q></gloss> (<w>xar</w>
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss>, <w>būǰīna</w>
<gloss><q>огурец</q></gloss>). Не говоря о семантике,<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">3</hi><note type="footnote">Высказывалось мнение, что <w>xar-</w> в первой части
сложных слов может значить не <gloss><q>осел</q></gloss>, а
<gloss><q>большой</q></gloss>, приводится <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<phr>xarbūz i spēt</phr>
<gloss><q>большая (<w>xar</w>) белая (<w>spēt</w>) коза
(<w>būz</w>)</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Иранская филология,</title>
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1969</date>, <biblScope>стр.
98</biblScope></bibl>).</note> сомнения возникают в связи с тем, что в ряде языков
отмечены параллельные формы с начальным <c>t-</c>: <mentioned xml:lang="trk-x-east"><lang>вост.тюрк.</lang>
<w>tarbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>tarwas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>tarbūz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>tarbuz</w>
<gloss><q>арбуз</q></gloss> (при <w>xarbuzā</w>
<gloss><q>дыня</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>240, 263</biblScope></bibl>) и др. В самóм <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang>персидском</lang> регистрируются формы <w>tarbuz</w>,
<w>tarbuza</w></mentioned>. Эти факты навели <bibl><author>Pelliot</author>
(<title>T’ung Pao</title>
<date>1944</date>
<biblScope>XXXVII 86—90</biblScope>)</bibl> на мысль, что родоначальником приведенных
названий дыни и арбуза является <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>trapusa-</w>
<gloss><q>огурец</q></gloss></mentioned>, превратившееся на персидской почве в
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xarbūzā</w></mentioned> под влиянием народноэтимологического
осмысления (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ослиный огурец</q></gloss>). См.
подробнее: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
<biblScope>III 380—383</biblScope></bibl>. — С другой стороны,
<mentioned><lang>позднесанскритские</lang>
<w>tarambuj́a-</w> и <w>kharbūǰa-</w>
<gloss><q>арбуз</q></gloss></mentioned>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/> (<biblScope> 481, 304</biblScope>)</bibl>
считает усвоенными из иранского. Если так, то, оставаясь на точке зрения
<name>Pelliot</name>, следует допустить, что <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>trapusa-</w></mentioned>, породив названия дыни и арбуза во множестве языков,
вернулось затем в Индию как заимствование в формах <mentioned><w>tarambuj́a-</w> и
<w>kharbūǰa-</w></mentioned>. Ничего неправдоподобного в этом нет. Подобные <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">челночные</q> передвижения не редкость в истории
лексики.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The word has multiple correspondences in Iranian, Turkic, Caucasian
languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xarbūza</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>xarbūčak</w>, <w>xarbōǰīna</w>
<gloss><q>watermelon</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/>
<biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Junker._Frahang"/>
<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>xerbuz</w>, <w>harbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>xarbuza</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qarbus</w>, <w>qarbəs</w>, <w>qarpuz</w>, <w>xarbus</w>, <w>xarbuz</w></mentioned>
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 212, 214, 215, 1673</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
<biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>xarbzakʼ</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
<biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>),<note type="footnote">Along with <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><w>ʒəmarukʼ</w></mentioned>.</note><mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>qarpuzi</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._диал._I"/>
<biblScope>603, 610</biblScope></bibl>),<note type="footnote">In literary <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/> — <w>sazamtro</w></mentioned>.</note><mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
<w>xaburzakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>xaburzakʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-xabərzak</w>, <w>a-karpəž˳</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>xarbaz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>xorbaz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>xarpuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
<w>xarbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
<w>qʼalpuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>xarbəz</w>
<gloss><q>арбуз</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cognates are <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
<w>garbuz</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> (from Ukranian)
<w>arbuz</w></mentioned>. — They usually consider <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xarbūza</w></mentioned> to be the original source; this word is understood as
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">donkey cucumber</q></gloss> (<w>xar</w>
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss>, <w>būǰīna</w>
<gloss><q>cucumber</q></gloss>). Not to mention the semantics,<note type="footnote">It was
suggested that <w>xar-</w> as the first part of compounds may mean not
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss>, but <gloss><q>big</q></gloss>, they give <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<phr>xarbūz i spēt</phr>
<gloss><q>big (<w>xar</w>) white (<w>spēt</w>) goat
(<w>būz</w>)</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><title>Iranskaja filologija</title>
[<title>The Iranian philology</title>], <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
<date>1969</date>, <biblScope>p. 98</biblScope></bibl>).</note> doubts occur due to
the fact that in some languages parallel forms with the initial <c>t-</c> are attested:
<mentioned xml:lang="trk-x-east"><lang/>
<w>tarbuz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>tarwas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>tarbūz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
<w>tarbuz</w>
<gloss><q>watermelon</q></gloss> (along with <w>xarbuzā</w>
<gloss><q>melon</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
<biblScope>240, 263</biblScope></bibl>), etc. Moreover, in <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> itself forms <w>tarbuz</w>, <w>tarbuza</w></mentioned> are attested. This facts
led <bibl><author>Pelliot</author> (<title>T’ung Pao</title>
<date>1944</date>
<biblScope>XXXVII 86—90</biblScope>)</bibl> to suggest that the original source of the
given names of a melon and of a watermelon is <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>trapusa-</w>
<gloss><q>cucumber</q></gloss></mentioned>, which on the Persian ground transformed to
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xarbūzā</w></mentioned> under the influence of
folk-etymological understanding (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">donkey
cucumber</q></gloss>). See in detail in <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
<biblScope>III 380—383</biblScope></bibl>. — On the other hand, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/> (<biblScope> 481, 304</biblScope>)</bibl> considers
<?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230623T112817+0300" comment="нет языка в списке"?><mentioned><lang>Late
Sanskrit</lang>
<w>tarambuj́a-</w> and <w>kharbūǰa-</w>
<gloss><q>watermelon</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> to be borrowed from
Iranian. If so, then, preserving the point of view of <name>Pelliot</name>, one have to
assume that <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>trapusa-</w></mentioned>, having generated names of a melon and of a watermelon in
lots of languages, then came back to India as a borrowing in the forms
<mentioned><w>tarambuj́a-</w> and <w>kharbūǰa-</w></mentioned>. There is nothing
implausible in this suggestion. The same <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">shuttle</q>
movements are not rare in the history of the lexicon.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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