271 lines
22 KiB
XML
271 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaliag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zaliag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5055e66" type="lemma"><orth>zaliag</orth></form>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в сочетании </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T133907+0300" comment="так же?"?>collocation<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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</note>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zaliag (zariag, zalmiag) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalm"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">залийский
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змей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T134006+0300" comment="??"?>Zali<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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serpent</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в фольклоре (главным образом сказочном) </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in folklore (mainly fairy tales) </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">змей-дракон</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dragon serpent</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Он владеет водными источниками и преграждает доступ к
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ним людей, требуя, чтобы ему периодически (раз в год или каждый месяц) приносили в жертву
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девушек, пока не является герой, который убивает змея. Широко распространенный
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мифологический и сказочный образ (см.: <bibl><title>Мифы народов мира, т. I</title>,
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1980</date>, <biblScope>стр. 468–471, статья <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Змей</q></biblScope></bibl>). Хорошо известен в
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иранской мифологии, начиная с авестийского трехголового дракона <foreign>Ажи
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Дахака</foreign>, которого убивает герой Трайтауна (см.:
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<bibl><author>Christensen</author>. <title>Essai sur la démonologie iranienne</title>.
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<pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope>стр. 33
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sq</biblScope></bibl>.). Типологически близки к oc. <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef>
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<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104409+0300" comment="что делать?" id="dyq_rz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192302+0300" parentID="dyq_rz4_1yb" comment="видимо, ничего…" mid="3"?><w>вешапи</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>вишап</w></mentioned> (владение водными источниками, жертвоприношение девушек). В
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роли героя-змееборца выступает у грузин обычно Амирани, у армян — Вахагн (← иран.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104458+0300" comment="здесь без цита или как?" id="qbp_sz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192319+0300" parentID="qbp_sz4_1yb" comment="мда, странно…" mid="5"?>Вртрагна<?oxy_comment_end mid="5"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>)
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(<bibl><title>Мифы народов мира, т. I</title>, <biblScope>стр. 235,
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237</biblScope></bibl>). Со временем змееборческая функция была перенесена на
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христианского святого Георгия. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. He owns water sources and blocks people’s access to
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them, demanding that girls be sacrificed to him periodically (once a year or every month),
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until a hero appears who kills the snake. Widespread mythological and fairy-tale image
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(see: <bibl><title>Mify narodov mira, t. I [Myths of the peoples of the world, vol.
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I]</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1980</date>, <biblScope>p. 468–471,
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entry <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Zmej</q></biblScope></bibl>). Well known in
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Iranian mythology, starting with the Avestan three-headed dragon <foreign>Aži
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Daxak</foreign>, who is killed by the hero
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T134417+0300" comment="я его просто транслитерировала..."?>Trajtauna<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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(see: <bibl><author>Christensen</author>. <title>Essai sur la démonologie
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iranienne</title>. <pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope>p.
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33 sq</biblScope></bibl>.). Typologically close to Ossetic <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef>
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are <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104409+0300" comment="что делать?" id="dyq_rz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192302+0300" parentID="dyq_rz4_1yb" comment="видимо, ничего…" mid="8"?><w>vešapi</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="8"?></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>višap</w></mentioned> (possession of water sources, sacrifice of girls). In the role
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of a hero-serpent fighter, Amirani usually acts among Georgians, and Vahagn among
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Armenians (← Iranian
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T104458+0300" comment="здесь без цита или как?" id="qbp_sz4_1yb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192319+0300" parentID="qbp_sz4_1yb" comment="мда, странно…" mid="10"?>Vrtragna<?oxy_comment_end mid="10"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>)
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(<bibl><title>Mify narodov mira, t. I [Myths of the peoples of the world, vol.
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I]</title>, <biblScope>p. 235, 237</biblScope></bibl>). Over time, the snake-fighting
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function was transferred to the Christian Saint George. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæfq0yndar"/></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū kʼūlæj kard ratydta æmæ
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<oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmy ʽskʼ˳yxtæ kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша сорвал со стены шашку и искрошил
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залийского змея</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man tore off a saber from the wall
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and crushed the Zali snake</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 211</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævdsæron ūrs wæjyg æmæ <oRef>zariag</oRef>
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kalmy arǧaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сказка о семиголовом белом великане и зарийском
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змее</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tale of the seven-headed white giant and
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the serpent of Zaria</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ dony <oRef>zariag</oRef> kalm bady æmæ nyn
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ūj don xæssyn næ waʒy; aftæmæj ta jyn aly mæj dær ḱyzg qalon fīdæm, æmæ jæ baxæry
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ḱyzǵy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в нашей реке сидит зарийский змей, и он не дает
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нам брать воду; между тем мы платим ему каждый месяц дань — девушку, и он ее,
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девушку, съедает</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in our river sits a Zarian serpent, and he does
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not allow us to take water; meanwhile, we pay him tribute every month – a girl, and
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he eats her, the girl</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 54</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max fīdæm qalon <oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmæn
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aly az dær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы платим дань залийскому змею каждый год</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we pay tribute to the Zali serpent every
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year</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>IV 135</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbawaǧta jæxī <oRef>zariag</oRef> kalm æmæ
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Amirany anyqq˳yrdta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">напустился (на них) зарийский змей и проглотил
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Амирана</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a Zariyan snake attacked (them) and swallowed
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Amiran</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 62</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw... <oRef>zaliag</oRef> kalmy qæbysy
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zyndony artæj syǧdī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау в объятиях залийского змея сгорала (как) в
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адском пламени</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azau, in the arms of the Zali snake, burned
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(like) in a hellish flame</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">madæ... suvælloni ǧælæsi <oRef>zalmiag</oRef>
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xelagæ rawidta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мать увидела в горле у ребенка
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T105454+0300" comment="почему только здесь внезапно такое выделение?" id="rby_tz4_1yb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192342+0300" parentID="rby_tz4_1yb" comment="не знаю…" flag="done" mid="12"?><oRef>залмийскую</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="12"?>
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змею</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mother saw a
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230607T105454+0300" comment="почему только здесь внезапно такое выделение?" id="rby_tz4_1yb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192342+0300" parentID="rby_tz4_1yb" comment="не знаю…" flag="done" mid="14"?><oRef>Zalmian</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="14"?>
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snake in the child’s throat</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Имея в виду, что суффикс <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<m>-ag</m></mentioned> указывает обычно на происхождение, <quote><bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>I 126<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">87</hi></biblScope>)</bibl> высказал
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догадку, что <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>zariag</oRef> (зарийский)
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собственно имя, происходящее от какой-то местности</q></quote>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
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<gloss><q>грузинский</q></gloss></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asiag</w>
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<gloss><q>балкарский</q></gloss></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asy</w></ref> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§ 168<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">II 1</hi></biblScope></bibl>).
|
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Предполагаемый <name>Миллером</name> топоним (resp. этноним) должен был звучать, стало
|
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быть, <w type="rec">zary</w> (<w type="rec">zaly</w>). Однако ни на иранском, ни на
|
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кавказском горизонте ничего похожего не видно. Возможно иное толкование:
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<oRef>zaliag</oRef> из <w type="rec">zary-ag</w> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
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<w type="rec">zār-</w>
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<gloss><q>ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. (с приставкой <m>ā-</m>) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azar"><w>āzar</w>
|
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<gloss><q>terror</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælazar"><w>wælazar</w>
|
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<gloss>id.</gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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<note type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
|
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<w>zari</w>
|
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<gloss><q>ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>zariani</w>
|
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<gloss><q>внушающий ужас</q></gloss></mentioned>. По
|
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192652+0300" comment="NB: интересная деривация"?>образованию<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
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ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæstiag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>предмет огорчения</q></gloss></mentioned> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mast"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fsærmiag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>предмет стыда</q></gloss></mentioned> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsærm"><w>fsærm</w></ref> и т. п. Стало быть, <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef> означало <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">наводящий ужас змей</q>. Переход <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>
|
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|
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перед <c>i</c> закономерен; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>приятель</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">friyamana-</w></mentioned> и мн. др. — Мало вероятна связь с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>zairik</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss>наименование <foreign>дэва</foreign></gloss>
|
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|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>1680</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
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|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Bearing in mind that the suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<m>-ag</m></mentioned> usually refers to the origin, <quote><bibl>Ws.
|
|||
|
|
<author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 126<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">87</hi></biblScope>)</bibl> speculated
|
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|
|
that <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>zariag</oRef> (Zari) proper name originated
|
|||
|
|
from a locality</q></quote>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>Georgian</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asiag</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>Balkar</q></gloss></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"><w>asy</w></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>§ 168<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">II 1</hi></biblScope></bibl>). The
|
|||
|
|
toponym (resp. ethnonym) suggested by <name>Miller</name> thus should have sounded <w type="rec">zary</w> (<w type="rec">zaly</w>). However, nothing similar can be seen
|
|||
|
|
either on the Iranian or on the Caucasian
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T135109+0300" comment="??"?>horizon<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
|
|||
|
|
Another interpretation is possible: <oRef>zaliag</oRef> from <w type="rec">zary-ag</w>
|
|||
|
|
from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">zār-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>horror</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. (with the prefix <m>ā-</m>) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azar"><w>āzar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>terror</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælazar"><w>wælazar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>id.</gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>zari</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>horror</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>zariani</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>terrifying</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230706T192652+0300" comment="NB: интересная деривация"?>Cf.
|
|||
|
|
s similar derivation pattern<?oxy_comment_end ?> in <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæstiag</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>object of chagrin</q></gloss></mentioned> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mast"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fsærmiag</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T135240+0300" comment="прям object?"?>object<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
of shame</q></gloss></mentioned> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsærm"><w>fsærm</w></ref> etc. Thus, <oRef>zaliag kalm</oRef> meant <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">terrifying snake</q>. The change <c>r</c> → <c>l</c>
|
|||
|
|
before <c>i</c> is regular; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fellow man</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">friyamana-</w></mentioned> and many others. — Unlikely to be associated with
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>zairik</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>name of a <foreign>daeva</foreign></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1680</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|