239 lines
14 KiB
XML
239 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyǧ˳ymmæ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zyǧ0ymmæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1686e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæ</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>usqummæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1686e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наизнанку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>inside out</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>навыворот</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>inside outwards</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>превратно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wrongly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>искаженно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>distortedly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>задом наперед</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>backwards</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstmæ"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; antonym <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræstmæ"/></note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæʒīnad</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неправильные, превратные действия</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wrong actions</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кривда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>falsehood</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zyǧ˳ymmæ kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выворачивать наизнанку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn inside out</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>извращать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>distort</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ kærc <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> ʽskodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он надел свою шубу наизнанку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he put on his fur coat inside out</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmty ardydta
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<oRef>zyg˳ymmæʒīnadyl</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он подстрекал людей на кривду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he incited people to lie</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 114</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg xærægyl ysbadtī
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<oRef>zyǧ˳mmæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сел на осла задом наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmag sat on a donkey backwards</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū jæ bæxy cæfxædtæ <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>
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nyssaǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша прибил подковы своему коню задом
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наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a young man nailed the horseshoes of his horse
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backwards</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>132–134</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rasug æj æma næbal ævzaruj ræstmæ æma
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<oRef>usqummæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он пьян и уже не различает правду и кривду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he is drunk and no longer distinguishes between
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truth and falsehood</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
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<biblScope>1959, № 43<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Направ. падеж от <w>uz-ǧun</w>, восходящего к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-gauna-</w>, <note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
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<gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref>. Приставка <m>uz-</m> означала, с одной стороны,
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направление <q>снизу вверх</q>, c другой — <q>вне</q>, <q>наружу</q>; ср., например,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>uz-dahyu-</w>
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<gloss><q>направленный наружу из страны</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. также
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соответствующую <lang>русскую</lang> приставку <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><m>вз-</m></mentioned> в таких словах как <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взъерошенный</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взлохмаченный</w></mentioned> и т. п. Отмечены случаи употребления формы
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<oRef>dyzǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> вместо <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærægyl dyzǧ˳ymmæ ʽsbad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 13</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>. В связи с этим возникает альтернатива: не восходит ли <oRef>zyǧ˳ym(mæ)</oRef>
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к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dužgauna-</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дурношерстный</q></gloss></mentioned> с утратой
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начального <c>d-</c>, как в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>žəkar</w>
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<gloss><q>злодей</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">duzkara-</w></mentioned>
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(сообщение <name>В. А. Лившица</name>)</note></mentioned>? — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Незакономерное</q> соответствие и. <c>ǧ</c> — д. <c>q</c>
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— как в некоторых других случаях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælǧīvyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ælǧīvyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ælqevun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zǧær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zǧær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsqær</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>378</biblScope></bibl>). — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yntʼyz"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The allative case of <w>uz-ǧun</w>, which goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">uz-gauna-</w>, <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
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<gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref>. The prefix <m>uz-</m> meant, on the one hand, the
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direction <q>from bottom to top</q>, on the other hand, – <q>outside</q>, <q>outward</q>;
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cf., for example, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>uz-dahyu-</w>
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<gloss><q>directed outward from the country</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. also the
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corresponding <lang>Russian</lang> prefix <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><m>vz-</m></mentioned>
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in such words as <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzʺerošennyj</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzloxmačennyj</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>dishevelled</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. There have been cases of using the
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form <oRef>dyzǧ˳ymmæ</oRef> instead of <oRef>zyǧ˳ymmæ</oRef>: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærægyl dyzǧ˳ymmæ ʽsbad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">садись на осла задом наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sit on the donkey backwards</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 13</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>. In this regard, an alternative arises: does not the <oRef>zyǧ˳ym(mæ)</oRef> go
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back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dužgauna-</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230724T104624+0300" comment="дурношерстный"?>with
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bad hair<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned> with the loss of the initial
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<c>d-</c>, as in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>žəkar</w>
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<gloss><q>villain</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">duzkara-</w></mentioned> (<name>V. A. Livšic</name>, p. c.)</note></mentioned>? —
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The <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">irregular</q> correspondence between Iron <c>ǧ</c>
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and Digor <c>q</c> is as in some other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælǧīvyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ælǧīvyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ælqevun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zǧær"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zǧær</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æsqær</w></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>378</biblScope></bibl>). — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dyzǧ0yn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yntʼyz"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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