176 lines
14 KiB
XML
176 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævsymær</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ævsymær" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5928e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævsymær</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5928e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænsuvær</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5928e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>брат</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>brother</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5928e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>единоутробный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>uterine</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">первоначально —
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прилагательное</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">originally an
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adjective</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5928e96">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e98">
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<quote>me ʽvsymær ḱyzǵy ūsæn kūryn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>единоутробную девушку беру в жены</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I marry my half-sister (lit. uterine girl)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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92</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e117">
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<quote>dæ dywwæ ævsymær xojy dæm ærcæwʒysty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>твои две единоутробные сестры придут к тебе</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>your two stepsisters will come to you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>III
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124</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e136">
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<quote>de ʽvsymær xo cytæ bakodta, ūdon feq˳ystaj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ты слышал, что наделала твоя родная сестра</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>did you hear what your sisret had done</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>III
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117</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e155">
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<quote>Xūry bydyry avd ævsymæry cardysty æmæ syn īwnæg ævsymær xo
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wyd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>на Солнечном поле жили семь братьев, и у них была единственная
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единоутробная сестра</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there lived seven brothers on the Sun field and they had one and only
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stepsister</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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96</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e174">
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<quote>…cyma Lukaškæjæn je ʽvsymær xotæ wydysty, ūj x˳yzæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>… как будто они были родными сестрами Лукашки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>… as if they were Lukashka's full sisters</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazaq"/><biblScope>208</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e194">
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<quote>Xūca æmæ je ʽvsymærtæ xorz zydtoj…, sæ īwnæg ævsymær xojy syn ænæ
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fæxūdinag kæj næ nywwaǧtaid uj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Хуца него братья хорошо знали, что он не оставил бы их единственную
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единоутробную сестру неопозоренной</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Xūca and his brothers knew well that he wouldn't let their one and
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only step sister be dishonoured</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e213">
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<quote>wæjguti Xucaw ku sfældista, wædta si ærtæ ænsuværtæ adtæncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда Бог создал <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ваюгов</hi>, трое из них были братьями</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when God created <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">wæjug</hi>s, three of them were brothers</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e232">
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<quote>cæjtæ madta wæ kæd fænduj, wæd æj næ astæw næxecæn ænsuvær xwæræ
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iskænæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>давайте, если хотите, сделаем ее себе среди нас родной сестрой“</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>if you want, let's make her our full sister among us</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5928e251">
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<quote>ævsymær æmgarīmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>со сверстником он — как брат</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>with a peer he behaves himself like a brother</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Иронская форма представляет перестановку из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æm</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">syvær</hi>,
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буквально ‘со-утробный’, ‘единоутробный’, ‘couterius’, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/>.
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Общеиндоевропейское слово для „брата“, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>, имело у осетин, в условиях родового строя, более широкое значение: ‘родич’,
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‘член того же рода’. Для выделения понятия единоутробного брата было создано
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слово *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æmsyvær</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ænsuvær</hi>. Аналогичное развитие мы видим в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">греческом</hi>,
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где первоначально адъективное αδελφός (= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5928e320" xml:id="mentioned_d5928e280" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sagarbhya-</w>
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<gloss><q>единоутробный</q></gloss></mentioned>) со временем
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субстантивировалось в значении ‘брат’, тогда как φράτηρ, как ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>, означало ‘член родового братства’, ‘член фратрии’. В
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старых эпических текстах нередко еще употребление <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævsymær</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ænsuvær</hi> в
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адъективном значении ‘единоутробный’, ‘родной’, см. выше. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xwæræ</hi>, для второй части сложения, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">suvær</hi>, ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syværǵyn"/> ‘беременная’ и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvællon"/> ‘ребенок’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 87; </biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>62 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The Iron form represents the transposition from
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æm</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">syvær</hi>, literally ‘uterine’, ‘couterius’, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/>. A common
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Indo-European word for ‘brother’, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>,
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had a wider meaning ‘kinsman’, ‘clansman’, in the context of the clan system.
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The word *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æmsyvær</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ænsuvær</hi> was created for marking the notion of a
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uterine brother. There is an analogous development in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Greek</hi> where originally
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an adjective αδελφός (= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5928e280" xml:id="mentioned_d5928e320" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sagarbhya-</w>
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<gloss><q>uterine</q></gloss></mentioned>) has been substantivized over time
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in the meaning of 'brother', while φράτηρ, like Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/>, meant ‘kinsman’, ‘a member of phratry’. The word
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævsymær</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ænsuvær</hi> is often used as an adjective ‘uterine’, ‘closely
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related’ in old epic texts, see above. Cf.: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>
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| <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xwæræ</hi>, fot the second part, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvær"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">suvær</hi>, cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syværǵyn"/> ‘pregnant’ and
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvællon"/> ‘child’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 87; </biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>62ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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