196 lines
16 KiB
XML
196 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzīdun</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ævzīdun" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d158e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævzīdun</orth><form xml:id="form_d158e68" type="participle"><orth>ævzyst</orth><note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE
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</note></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d158e73" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ævzedun</orth><form xml:id="form_d158e75" type="participle"><orth>ævzist</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d158e78"><sense xml:id="sense_d158e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>замахиваться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to chop</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d158e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>потрясать рукой или оружием</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to shake hand or weapon</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d158e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>грозить</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to threaten</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d158e107">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e109">
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<quote>bæxmæ jæxsæj fevzysta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он замахнулся на коня плеткой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he threatened his horse with a whip</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e124">
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<quote>ævzīdæg æm næj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у него нет стимула</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he has no incentive</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e139">
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<quote>īw jæxsy fevzīdt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>один взмах плетки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>one stroke of the whip</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e158">
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<quote>fevzysta bæxmæ — cærgæsaw æj obawmæ sdavta jæ sawlæxag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он замахнулся на коня, (и) шаулох (кабардинский конь), как орел,
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вознес его на курган</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he threatened the horse (and) a shauloh (Kabarda horse) lifted him to
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a burial mound, like an eagle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e177" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>de ʽvzist niwwaʒæ, wo ældar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оставь угрозы, о, алдар</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>leave the threat, oh Aldar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e200" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>kʼoxæj ævzedgæ niǧǧærtæ kænuj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>потрясая рукой, (хан) кричит</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(a khan) screams while shaking his hand</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e222" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>(cærgæs) kærkbalmæ ravzedidæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(орел) угрожал куриной стае</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(an eagle) threatened a chicken flock</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d158e244" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ævzeduj æ tumbul kʼoxæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>грозит кулаком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>[s/he] threatens with fist</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сращение преверба <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">abī</hi> или <hi rendition="#rend_italic">apa</hi>) с основой
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zīd</hi>- | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zed</hi>-, cр. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e388" xml:id="mentioned_d158e269" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>ba-zéid-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e393" xml:id="mentioned_d158e274" xml:lang="srh"><w>bi-zéid-</w>
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<gloss><q>ударять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e399" xml:id="mentioned_d158e280" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>толкать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e405" xml:id="mentioned_d158e286" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>попадать в цель</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/><biblScope>887</biblScope></bibl>); вероятно, к
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e416" xml:id="mentioned_d158e297" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e421" xml:id="mentioned_d158e302" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>hi-</w>
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<gloss><q>погонять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e429" xml:id="mentioned_d158e310" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>толкать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e435" xml:id="mentioned_d158e316" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>метать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., причем в осетинском основа
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прош. причастия (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e441" xml:id="mentioned_d158e322" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>zita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e446" xml:id="mentioned_d158e327" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>hita-</w></mentioned>) была взята за основу наст, времени; ср. в этом
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отношении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdyn"/>. От корня <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zi</hi>-, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hi</hi>-
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образован в иранском и древнеиндийском ряд слов, по семантике тесно примыкающих
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к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e454" xml:id="mentioned_d158e335" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ævzīdyn</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e459" xml:id="mentioned_d158e340" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zaena-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e464" xml:id="mentioned_d158e345" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zēn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e469" xml:id="mentioned_d158e350" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zīn</w>
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<gloss><q>оружие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e477" xml:id="mentioned_d158e358" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>heti-</w>
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<gloss><q>метательное оружие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e486" xml:id="mentioned_d158e367" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hetú</w>
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<gloss><q>побуждение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стимул</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e497" xml:id="mentioned_d158e376" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hetṛ-</w>
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<gloss><q>погонщик лошадей</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Связь с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"/> ‘призывать’ невероятна как по необычности
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перехода <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">z</hi> и различию форм прош. основы (sīdt, ævzyst), так и по
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семантической отдаленности.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The fusion of the preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">abī</hi> or <hi rendition="#rend_italic">apa</hi>) with
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the stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zīd</hi>- | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zed</hi>-, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e269" xml:id="mentioned_d158e388" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>ba-zéid-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e274" xml:id="mentioned_d158e393" xml:lang="srh"><w>bi-zéid-</w>
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<gloss><q>to hit</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e280" xml:id="mentioned_d158e399" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to push</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e286" xml:id="mentioned_d158e405" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to hit the target</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/><biblScope>887</biblScope></bibl>); probably,
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it traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e297" xml:id="mentioned_d158e416" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zi-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e302" xml:id="mentioned_d158e421" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>hi-</w>
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<gloss><q>to chase</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e310" xml:id="mentioned_d158e429" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to push</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e316" xml:id="mentioned_d158e435" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to throw</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., moreover, in Ossetic the
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stem of a past participle form (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e322" xml:id="mentioned_d158e441" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>zita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e327" xml:id="mentioned_d158e446" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>hita-</w></mentioned>) was taken as a present tense stem; cf. in this
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relation <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūdyn"/>. A range of Iranian and %bOld
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Indian%b words is derived from the root <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zi</hi>-, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hi</hi>-; these words are
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semantically very close to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e335" xml:id="mentioned_d158e454" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ævzīdyn</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e340" xml:id="mentioned_d158e459" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zaena-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e345" xml:id="mentioned_d158e464" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zēn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e350" xml:id="mentioned_d158e469" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zīn</w>
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<gloss><q>weapon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e358" xml:id="mentioned_d158e477" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>heti-</w>
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<gloss><q>throwing weapon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e367" xml:id="mentioned_d158e486" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>hetú</w>
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<gloss><q>motive</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>incitement</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d158e376" xml:id="mentioned_d158e497" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hetṛ-</w>
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<gloss><q>horse driver</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The connection with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"/> ‘to urge’ is unreal because of both an
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unusual transposition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">z</hi> and the difference between forms of past
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tense (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">sīdt</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzyst</hi>), and because of semantic distance.</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">У поэта <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Коста</hi> встречается также форма
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzidt</hi>.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">In the work of the poet <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kosta</hi> one also
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encounters the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævzidt</hi>.</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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