198 lines
18 KiB
XML
198 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ʒonyǧ" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1161e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒonyǧ</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1161e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>conæǧ</orth><form xml:id="form_d1161e71" type="variant"><orth>conuǧ</orth></form><form xml:id="form_d1161e73" type="variant"><orth>ʒonuǧ</orth></form></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_ʒonyǧ.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сани</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sledge</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_ʒonyǧ.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>челюсть</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jaw</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1161e96">
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<form xml:id="form_d1161e98" type="lemma"><orth>kʼaxʒonyǧ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1161e101"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лыжа</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ski</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e111">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e113">
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<quote>wyrdyǵy byrync kʼaxʒonyǧtyl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>скользят под гору на лыжах</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>[they] slide downhill skiing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e135">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e137">
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<quote>bælccon ʒonyǧy sbadti, kærcy jæxī ærbatyxta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отъезжающий сел в сани, закутался в шубу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a departing person sat in the sledge, wrapped himself in a fur
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coat</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazaq"/><biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e156" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mæ ʒonæǧ isrævʒæ kænon</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>приведу в порядок мои сани</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will tidy up my sledge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1161e179">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e181">
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<quote>dæ fyd Sozyryqojæn Būry fyrt jæ žonyǧ x˳yjy žonyǧaw k˳y
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skodta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>твоему отцу Созрыко сын Бура (изуродовал) челюсть, как челюсть
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свиньи</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Bur's son (disformed) your father Sozryko's jaw, like the jaw of a
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pig</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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76</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1161e200">
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<quote>æxsyry cady īw x˳y īs, æmæ myn uj ʒonyǧ arxæss</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в молочном озере есть один кабан, и принеси мне его челюсть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there is one wild boar in the milk lake, and bring me its jaw</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Культурное слово широкого европейско-азиатского распространения:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e391" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e222" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e396" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e227" xml:lang="trk"><w>čanaq</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e399" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e230" xml:lang="trk"><w>sana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e402" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e233" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaq</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e405" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e236" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaǧ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1855, 1856, IV
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298</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e418" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e249" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w>
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<gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e426" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e257" xml:lang="bua"><lang/>
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<w>cana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e431" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e262" xml:lang="bua"><w>sana</w>
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<gloss><q>лыжи</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e437" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e268" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>sani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e442" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e273" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
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<w>san</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e447" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e278" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>szán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e453" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e284" xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
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<w>sanie</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e458" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e289" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>sānus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e463" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e294" xml:lang="lv"><w>sanas</w>
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<gloss><q>лыжи</q></gloss></mentioned>. Некоторые кавказские названия близки
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к тюркским: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e300" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e305" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čanaǧ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e479" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e310" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>čanaǧi</w></mentioned>; но <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e485" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e316" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>sahnakʼ</w></mentioned>. Гласный о перед носовыми восходит в осетинском к
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, и стало быть <hi rendition="#rend_italic">conæǧ</hi> можно восстановить (учитывая осетинское цоканье) в
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čanaǧ</hi>, что вполне совпадает с некоторыми тюркскими и с аварской формой.
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По-видимому, осетинам (аланам) принадлежало какое-то техническое новшество в
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изготовлении саней. Иначе мы не можем объяснить, что в сванском и балкарском
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название саней (или их части) совпадает с наименованиями осетин: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e321" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>sav</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и</note>
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<gloss><q>осетин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1161e331" xml:lang="sva"><w/>
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<gloss><q>сани</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e498" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e337" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>düger</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и</note>
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<gloss><q>осетинец-дигорец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e506" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e347" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
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<gloss><q>перекладина саней</q></gloss><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">302 прим., 280—281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Об идеосемантике слова можно только строить
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догадки. Опираясь на <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e519" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e360" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>čānah</w>
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<gloss><q>нижняя челюсть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e527" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e369" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ǯanax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e533" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e374" xml:lang="trk"><w>janak</w>
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<gloss><q>щека</q></gloss></mentioned>, можно высказать предположение, что
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сани были названы, по сходству формы, ‘челюстью’; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e539" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e380" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ʒonyǵy fsær</w>
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<gloss><q>полоз</q></gloss></mentioned>, буквально ‘челюсть саней’; само
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi> также употребляется иногда в значении ‘нижняя челюсть’.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A cultural word with wide European-Asian spread: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e222" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e391" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e227" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e396" xml:lang="trk"><w>čanaq</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e230" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e399" xml:lang="trk"><w>sana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e233" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e402" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaq</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e236" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e405" xml:lang="trk"><w>sanaǧ</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 1855,
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1856, IV 298</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>sledge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e249" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e418" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w>
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<gloss><q>sledge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e257" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e426" xml:lang="bua"><lang/>
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<w>cana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e262" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e431" xml:lang="bua"><w>sana</w>
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<gloss><q>ski</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e268" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e437" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>sani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e273" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e442" xml:lang="et"><lang/>
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<w>san</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e278" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e447" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>szán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e453" xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
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<w>sanie</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e289" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e458" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>sānus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e294" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e463" xml:lang="lv"><w>sanas</w>
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<gloss><q>ski</q></gloss></mentioned>. Some Caucasian names are close to
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Turkic: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e469" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>čana</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e474" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čanaǧ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e310" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e479" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>čanaǧi</w></mentioned>; but <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e316" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e485" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>sahnakʼ</w></mentioned>. The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> in Ossetic traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>
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and thus <hi rendition="#rend_italic">conæǧ</hi> can be reconstructed to *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čanaǧ</hi> (according to the Ossetic
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pronunciation of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">č</hi> as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">c</hi>, which quite coincides with some Turkic and Avar
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forms). Apparently, the Ossetic people (Alans) had some kind of technical
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innovation in the manufacture of sledges. Otherwise, we cannot explain that in
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Svan and Balkarian the name of the sledge (or part of it) coincides with the
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names of the Ossetian people: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e490" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>sav</w>
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<gloss><q>Ossetian</q></gloss></mentioned> and ‘sledge’, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e337" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e498" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>düger</w>
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<gloss><q>Digor</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e347" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e506" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
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<gloss><q>sledge beam</q></gloss><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">302 footnote.,
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280—281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. One can only speculate about
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the ideosemantics of a word. Relying on the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e360" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e519" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>čānah</w>
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<gloss><q>lower jaw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e527" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>ǯanax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e374" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e533" xml:lang="trk"><w>janak</w>
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<gloss><q>cheek</q></gloss></mentioned>, it can be assumed that the sledge
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was named “jaw” according to the similarity of shape; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1161e380" xml:id="mentioned_d1161e539" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ʒonyǵy fsær</w>
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<gloss><q>runner</q></gloss></mentioned>, literally ‘jaw of the sledge’; the
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word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ʒonyǧ</hi> itself is also used sometimes in the meaning of ‘lower
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jaw’.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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