229 lines
20 KiB
XML
229 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæskom</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cæskom" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d2375e66" type="lemma"><orth>cæskom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2375e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d2375e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лицо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>face</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2375e79"><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">а
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также</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">and also</note><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>совесть</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">а также</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">and also</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>conscience</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d2375e97">
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<re xml:id="re_d2375e99">
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<form xml:id="form_d2375e101" type="lemma"><orth>cæskom-ǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2375e104"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>честный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>honest</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2375e115">
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<form xml:id="form_d2375e117" type="lemma"><orth>æ-ʒæskom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2375e120"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бессовестный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>unashamed</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2375e132">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e134">
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<quote>fælūrsdær jæ cæskom</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ее лицо бледнее</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>her face is more pale</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e153">
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<quote>cæskom nympyldtæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лицо в морщинах</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wrinkled face</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e172" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ænqirdtæ cæskom</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>морщинистое лицо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wrinkled face</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e194" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ku in fæwwininæ æxe cæsgon</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хоть бы мне увидеть его лицо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>if only I could see his face</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e216">
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<quote>būlkʼæn ta æppyn cæskom næj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у редьки же вовсе нет совести</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>radish has no conscience at all</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e236">
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<quote>swaǧta jæ cæskom</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>потеряла стыд („распустила лицо“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>[she] is lost to shame (‘let her face down’)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>III
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116</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e255">
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<quote>cæj bærcytæ næ baqæcyd jæ cæskom!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чего только она себе не позволяла!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the things she allowed herself!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>III
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116</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2375e274">
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<quote>mæ cæskom næ qæcy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я стесняюсь, не осмеливаюсь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>i'm shy, I don't dare to this</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сложение из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/>, буквально „глаз-рот“. Обозначение ‘лица’ отдельными
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его частями (глазом, ртом, носом, щекой) широко распространено, в частности в
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кавказских языках; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e492" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e296" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>pʼirī</w>
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<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e500" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e304" xml:lang="ka"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">→</note>
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<gloss><q>лицо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e508" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e312" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>ber-kal</w>
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<gloss><q>лицо</q></gloss></mentioned> ← „глаз-рот“ (полная параллель к
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e517" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e321" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cæs-kom</w></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e522" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e326" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>marl-bakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e527" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e331" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>na-pe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e532" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e336" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w n="0">ныр-вом</w>
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<gloss><q>„нос-рот“</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2375e345" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w n="0">осм-ныр</w>
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<gloss><q>„рот-нос“</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e542" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e354" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>ak-mal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e548" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e360" xml:lang="eu"><lang/>
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<w>aho(r)-pegi</w></mentioned>, язык <hi rendition="#rend_bold">мандинго</hi> в Зап. Африке <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e553" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e365" xml:lang="man"><w>nya-da</w></mentioned> и др.
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(см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_E._Lewy._Studi_Etruschi"/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><author>K.
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Bouda</author><biblScope>Caucasica, 10, 95</biblScope></bibl>). В
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осетинском такое образование представляет один из ярких примеров семантического
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схождения с кавказскими языками. По типу сложения ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼyldym"/> ‘тыл’, ‘зад’ из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼīl"/> ‘пятка’ и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dymæg"><w>dym</w>
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<gloss><q>хвост</q></gloss></ref>. Идеосемантика ‘лицо’→‘совесть’ находит
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поддержку как в кавказских языках, так и за их пределами; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e571" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e383" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>bet-səz</w>
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<gloss><q>бессовестный</q></gloss></mentioned>, буквально „безлицый“,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e579" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e391" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>pʼiri</w>
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<gloss><q>лицо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e587" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e399" xml:lang="ka"><w>pʼiriani</w>
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<gloss><q>честный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e593" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e405" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>верный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2375e411" xml:lang="ka"><w>pʼiris cʼqali</w>
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<gloss><q>совесть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e606" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e418" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
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<w n="0">òбраз</w>
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<gloss><q>лицо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e614" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e427" xml:lang="sr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>стыд</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e620" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e433" xml:lang="sr"><w n="0">òбразан</w>
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<gloss><q>стыдливый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e626" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e440" xml:lang="sr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>честный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e632" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e446" xml:lang="sr"><w n="0">безòбразан</w>
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<gloss><q>бесстыдный</q></gloss></mentioned>. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/> ‘глаз’ и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/>
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‘рот’.%n<bibl><author>Шегрен</author><biblScope>Сл.
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180</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Шифнер</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОТ"/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
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161</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/><biblScope>1952 V 62</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>79, 92,
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125</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The composition of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/>, literally “eye-mouth”. Naming ‘face’ by its
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independent parts (eye, mouth, nose, cheek) is widespread in particular in
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Caucasian languages; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e296" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e492" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>pʼirī</w>
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<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e304" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e500" xml:lang="ka"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">→</note>
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<gloss><q>face</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e312" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e508" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>ber-kal</w>
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<gloss><q>face</q></gloss></mentioned> ← “eye-mouth” (a full parallel to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e321" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e517" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cæs-kom</w></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e326" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e522" xml:lang="bbl"><lang/>
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<w>marl-bakʼi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e331" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e527" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>na-pe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e336" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e532" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>nyr-vom</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2375e537" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>osm-nyr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e354" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e542" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>ak-mal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e360" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e548" xml:lang="eu"><lang/>
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<w>aho(r)-pegi</w></mentioned>, <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Manding</hi>
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language in West Africa <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e365" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e553" xml:lang="man"><w>nya-da</w></mentioned> etc.
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(see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_E._Lewy._Studi_Etruschi"/><biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><author>K.
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Bouda</author><biblScope>Caucasica, 10, 95</biblScope></bibl>). In
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Ossetic, such formation represents one of the clearest examples of semantic
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convergence with the Caucasian languages. By the type of composition cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼyldym"/> ‘rear area’, ‘back’ from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼīl"/> ‘heel’ and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dymæg"><w>dym</w>
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<gloss><q>tale</q></gloss></ref>. The ideosemantics <q>face</q> →
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<q>conscience</q> finds support in Caucasian languages and beyond as well;
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cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e383" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e571" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>bet-səz</w>
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<gloss><q>unashamed</q></gloss></mentioned>, literally “faceless”,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e391" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e579" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>pʼiri</w>
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<gloss><q>face</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e399" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e587" xml:lang="ka"><w>pʼiriani</w>
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<gloss><q>honest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e405" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e593" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>faithful</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2375e599" xml:lang="ka"><w>pʼiris cʼqali</w>
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<gloss><q>conscience</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e418" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e606" xml:lang="sr"><lang/>
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<w>òbraz</w>
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<gloss><q>face</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e427" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e614" xml:lang="sr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>shame</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e433" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e620" xml:lang="sr"><w>òbrazan</w>
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<gloss><q>shy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e440" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e626" xml:lang="sr"><w/>
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<gloss><q>honest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2375e446" xml:id="mentioned_d2375e632" xml:lang="sr"><w>bezòbrazan</w>
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<gloss><q>unashamed</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/> ‘eye’ and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/>
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‘mouth’.%n<bibl><author>Sjögren</author><biblScope>Сл.
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180</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schiffner</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОТ"/><biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
|
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161</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/><biblScope>1952 V 62</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>79, 92,
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125</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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