137 lines
12 KiB
XML
137 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæxaxst</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cʼæxaxst" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<form xml:id="form_d1198e66" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæxaxst</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1198e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d1198e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>неистовый, отчаянный крик</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>outcry</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1198e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вопль</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>shriek</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1198e92">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1198e94">
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<quote>warijy axst, cærgæsy cʼæxaxst fækodtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>они издали крик сокола, клекот орла</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they let forth a tercel's cry, eagle's squawk</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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5</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1198e113">
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<quote>ḱyzg nycʼcʼæxaxst kodta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>девушка испустила пронзительный крик</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the girl let out a yell</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1198e128" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cʼæxaxstæj bajʒag æj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(площадь) наполнилась криком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there were screams (in the square)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 56</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1198e150" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cʼæxaxst quræj niwdtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>она вопила пронзительным голосом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>she screamed in a shrill voice</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1936 I
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53</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1198e172" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>bæxti kʼaxǧæræj, Kizgaj cʼæxaxstæj azældæj bæstæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>топотом коней, криком Кизгай оглашалась земля</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the ground resounded with the stamping of horses, the Kizgay cry</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/><biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Разлагается на <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæx-axst</hi>. Вторая часть, axst, встречается
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еще в сложении <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qær-axst</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qær æmæ axst</hi> ‘сильный крик, шум’, где <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qær"/> означает ‘крик’, ‘шум’. Это дает право
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выделить <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axst</hi> как самостоятельное когда-то слово со значением ‘крик’,
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‘вопль’ и т. п. Оно сближается с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e246" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e199" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>-ast</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в таких сложениях, как
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e252" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e205" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>balavast</w>
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<gloss><q>мычание</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e260" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e213" xml:lang="yai"><w>bāngast</w>
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<gloss><q>блеяние теленка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e266" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e219" xml:lang="yai"><w>vaast</w>
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<gloss><q>мычание</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e272" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e225" xml:lang="yai"><w>wakast</w>
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<gloss><q>крик горной куропатки</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned> и др.. Возводится к
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vast</hi>, *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vaxšt</hi> oт <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vās</hi>- (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasyn_1"/>)
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‘кричать’ и пр. Ос. форма *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">(w)axst</hi>, может быть, результат контаминации с
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vāk</hi>-, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vaxš</hi>- ‘говорить’, ‘звать’ и пр. Первая часть по видимости
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идентична с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"/> ‘синий’. Но как оправдать
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семантически такое сложение („синий крик“)? Может быть, „крик, при котором
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кричащий синеет от напряжения“? Ср. выражение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæræj bacʼæx īs</hi> „от крика он
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посинел“. Возможно также, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæx</hi> — из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼax"/> с обычным в сложных словах ослаблением гласного (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi>). В этом
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случае ср. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼax-cʼax</hi> ‘резкие, пронзительные крики’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼax"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It consists of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæx-axst</hi>. The second part, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axst</hi>, is
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found also in the compound <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qær-axst</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qær æmæ axst</hi> ‘loud scream, noise,
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where <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qær"/> means ‘scream’, ‘noise’. This allows
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us to mark <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axst</hi> as an old separate word with the meaning ‘scream’, ‘cry’
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etc. It relates to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e199" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e246" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>-ast</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in such compounds as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e205" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e252" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>balavast</w>
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<gloss><q>bellow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e213" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e260" xml:lang="yai"><w>bāngast</w>
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<gloss><q>bleat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e219" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e266" xml:lang="yai"><w>vaast</w>
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<gloss><q>bellow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1198e225" xml:id="mentioned_d1198e272" xml:lang="yai"><w>wakast</w>
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<gloss><q>snowcock scream</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>
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etc. It traces back to *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vast</hi>, *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vaxšt</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vās</hi>- (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasyn_1"/>) ‘scream’ etc. Ossetic form *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">(w)axst</hi>
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may be a result of contamination with <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vāk</hi>-, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vaxš</hi>- ‘speak’, ‘call’ etc.
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The first part is apparently identical to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"/>
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‘blue’. But how can one justify such a compound semantically (“blue sream”)?
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Perhaps “scream when the screaming man turns blue“? Cf. expression %iqæræj
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bacʼæx īs%i „he turned blue because of screaming“. It is also possible that
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæx</hi> is from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼax"/> with a regular in
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compounds weakening of a vowel (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi>). In this case cf. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼax-cʼax</hi>
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‘harsh, shrill screams’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼax"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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