132 lines
12 KiB
XML
132 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyxt</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cyxt" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d2535e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cyxt</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2535e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ciǧd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2535e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сыр</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cheese</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2535e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2535e84">
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<quote>karḱy næmyǵy jas cyxt yn ʒy ravzæry</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у нее получается сыр с куриное зерно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>she makes cheese as big as chicken grain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2535e103" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>xæʒærttæmæ balæsianæ ma si raxæssianæ ciǧdæltæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мы проникали в дома и выносили оттуда сыры</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we intruded into houses and took out cheeses</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>191%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сближается с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e246" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e128" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>čəǧət</w>
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<gloss><q>сыр</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 336, V
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328</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e259" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e141" xml:lang="kdr"><lang/>
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<w>čəgət</w>
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<gloss><q>сыр</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 2067</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e271" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e153" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>čəgət</w></mentioned>. Несмотря на возражения <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Sköld</hi>’a, который
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исходит из несуществующей иронской формы *cyǧd (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">79
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сл.</biblScope></bibl>),
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сопоставление полностью сохраняет силу и служит веским доказательством
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осетино-чувашского культурного контакта в прошлом. Остается, однако, неясным, в
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каком направлении шло усвоение: из осетинского (аланского) в чувашский
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(булгарский) или обратно. Иранская этимология, предложенная Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллером</hi>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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151</biblScope></bibl> — к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e286" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e168" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tikta-</w>
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<gloss><q>острый по вкусу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e294" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e176" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>горький</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e300" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e182" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">также</note>
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<gloss><q>соль</q></gloss></mentioned>), безупречна с звуковой стороны
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ti</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ci</hi>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrv"/> и др.) и вполне
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приемлема со смысловой („острый, соленый продукт“). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e311" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e193" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>τεɣd</w>
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<gloss><q>острый</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/><biblScope>II
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545</biblScope></bibl>). Тюркская этимология
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<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author></bibl> обоснованно оспаривается
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gombocz</hi>’eм (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>). Нужно учесть также оригинальность
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всей остальной осетинской терминологии молочного хозяйства (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsyr"/> ‘молоко’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carv"/>
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‘масло’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīsyn"/> ‘пахтанье’). Поэтому более
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вероятным следует считать движение из аланского в булгарский. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e337" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e219" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>čux́i</w>
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<gloss><q>сыр</q></gloss></mentioned> примыкает, по-видимому, к осетинскому.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e345" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e227" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>чигит</w>
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<gloss><q>круто посоленный творог</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>) идет из чувашского.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>35,
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58</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It is close to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e128" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e246" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>čəǧət</w>
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<gloss><q>cheese</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 336, V 328</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e141" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e259" xml:lang="kdr"><lang/>
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<w>čəgət</w>
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<gloss><q>cheese</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/><biblScope>III 2067</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e153" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e271" xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>čəgət</w></mentioned>. Despite <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Sköld</hi>’s objections who considers a
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non-existent Iron form *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyǧd</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="en">79 ff.</biblScope></bibl>), the
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comparison is fully valid and serves as strong evidence of the Ossetic-Chuvash
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cultural contact in the past. It remains, however, unclear in which direction
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the assimilation was going: from the Ossetic (Alan) to the Chuvash (Bulgar) or
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vice versa. The Iranian etymology offered by Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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151</biblScope></bibl> — to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e168" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e286" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tikta-</w>
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<gloss><q>spicy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e176" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e294" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>bitter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e182" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e300" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also</note>
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<gloss><q>salt</q></gloss></mentioned>), is phonetically irreproachable
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ti</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ci</hi>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrv"/> etc.) and quite
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acceptable semantically (“spicy, salty product”). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e193" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e311" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>τεɣd</w>
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<gloss><q>spicy</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/><biblScope>II
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545</biblScope></bibl>). The turkic etymology of
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<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author></bibl> is reasonably disputed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gombocz</hi>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>). It is also necessary to take into
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account the originality of the rest of the Ossetic dairy industry terminology
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(see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsyr"/> ‘milk’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carv"/> ‘butter’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīsyn"/>
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‘butter milk’). That is why the direction from Alan to Bulgar should be
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considered more probable. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e219" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e337" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>čux́i</w>
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<gloss><q>cheese</q></gloss></mentioned> apparently relates to Ossetic.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2535e227" xml:id="mentioned_d2535e345" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>čigit</w>
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<gloss><q>heavily salted cottage cheese</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>) comes from Chuvash.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>35,
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58</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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