195 lines
16 KiB
XML
195 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fældīsyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fældīsyn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4118e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fældīsyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d4118e68" type="participle"><orth>fældyst</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4118e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fældesun</orth><form xml:id="form_d4118e73" type="participle"><orth>fældist</orth></form></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fældīsyn.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>творить</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>create</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fældīsyn.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>посвящать покойнику</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dedicate to the dead</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4118e96">
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<form xml:id="form_d4118e98" type="lemma"><orth>bæxfældīsyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4118e101"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>обряд посвящения коня покойнику</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ceremony of the dedication of a horse to the dead</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Обычай посвящения умершему людей и животных
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восходит к скифским временам (десятки заколотых коней „сопровождали“
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скифского царя в загробный мир). В более облагороженном виде эти обычаи
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сохранялись у осетин до недавнего времени (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">67
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сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">67 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Г. Ф. Чурсин, сб. „Юго-Осетия“, стр.
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160</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">G.F. Chursin, col. "South
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Ossetia", p. 160</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. The custom of dedicating people and animals
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to the deceased dates back to Scythian times (dozens of slaughtered horses
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"accompanied" the Scythian king to the afterlife). In a more ennobled form,
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these customs were preserved among the Ossetians until recently (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">67
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сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">67 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Г. Ф. Чурсин, сб. „Юго-Осетия“, стр.
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160</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">G.F. Chursin, col. ‘South
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Ossetia’, p. 160</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4118e145">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e147">
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<quote>o, X˳ycawty X˳ycaw! me sfældīsæg X˳ycaw!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>о, Бог Богов! создавший меня Бог!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oh God of Gods! God who created me!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e166">
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<quote>cy X˳ycaw mæ rafældysta…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Бог, который меня сотворил…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>God who made me …</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4118e186">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e188">
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<quote>Boræty fæsīvæd Syrdony nyffældystoj Soslanæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>молодежь Бораевых посвятила Сырдона (покойному) Сослану</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the Boraevs' youth dedicated Syrdon to the deceased Soslan</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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114</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e207">
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<quote>wæjyg jæ bæxæn ʒūry: …fældysty fæwaj!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>великан говорит своему коню: «чтобы тебе быть посвященным
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мертвому!»</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the giant says to his horse: "so that you may be dedicated to the
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dead!"</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>38–40</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e226" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>digoron fældist</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дигорский (обряд) посвящения мертвому</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Digor ceremony of dedication to the dead</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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169</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4118e248" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ka æxe niffældesidæ…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кое-кто посвящал себя мертвым (т. е. пророчил себе гибель)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a person dedicated themselves to the dead (i.e., prophesied death for
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themselves)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>III
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36</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Несмотря на два сильно расходящихся значения (‘творить’ и
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‘посвящать покойнику’), перед нами, по-видимому, один глагол, а не два
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исторически разных глагола, случайно совпавших по звучанию. Объединяющим
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семантическим стержнем было, как нам кажется, понятие ‘чародейства’,
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‘заклинания’: ‘творить’ = „вызывать с помощью заклинаний“; ‘посвящать покойнику’
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= „с помощью заклинаний переводить из земного плана в загробный“. Глагол
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fældīsyn</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fældesun</hi> представляет сращение преверба <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-</hi> с основой
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dīs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">des-</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e342" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e273" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*pari-dais-</w></mentioned>). Эту же основу имеем в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-dīs-yn</hi> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-des-un</hi> ‘показывать’. Основа <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e347" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e278" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*dais-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e352" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e283" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*deiḱ</w></mentioned>, если проследить ее развитие в разных языках,
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имела, наряду с распространенным значением ‘показывать’, также значение
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‘провозглашать’, ‘посвящать’ (в религиозном смысле), а также ‘строить’. Ср.,
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наряду с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e357" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e288" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dis-</w>
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<gloss><q>показывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e365" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e296" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dīkṣ-</w>
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<gloss><q>посвящать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e374" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e305" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в частности</note>
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<gloss><q>посвящать покойнику (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">maraṇāya</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e382" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e313" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dico dicāre, dedico dedicāre</w>
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<gloss><q>посвящать</q></gloss></mentioned> (наряду с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e390" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e321" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dīco</w>
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<gloss><q>говорить</q></gloss></mentioned>) и др. Для значения ‘строить’ ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e398" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e329" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*parδēs- (prδʼys-), *δes-(δys-)</w>
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<gloss><q>строить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdīs"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Despite the two strongly diverging meanings (‘create’ and
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‘dedicate to the dead’), we are apparently dealing with one verb, and not two
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historically different verbs that accidentally coincided in sound form. The
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unifying semantic core was, as it seems to us, the concept of ‘sorcery’,
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‘spells’: ‘create’ = ‘cause with the help of spells’; ‘dedicate to the dead’ =
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“with the help of spells transfer from the earthly life to the afterlife”. The
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verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fældīsyn</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fældesun</hi> is a contraction of the preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-</hi> with
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the stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dīs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">des-</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e342" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*pari-dais-</w></mentioned>). The same stem is present in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-dīs-yn</hi> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-des-un</hi> ‘show’. The stem <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e278" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e347" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*dais-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e283" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e352" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*deiḱ</w></mentioned>, if one follows its evolution in different
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languages, apart from the widespead meaning ‘show’, also meant ‘proclaim’,
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‘dedicate’ (in the religious sense), and ‘build’ as well. Cf., along with
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e288" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e357" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dis-</w>
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<gloss><q>show</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e296" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e365" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dīkṣ-</w>
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<gloss><q>dedicate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e305" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e374" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">particularly</note>
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<gloss><q>dedicate to the dead (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">maraṇāya</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e313" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e382" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dico dicāre, dedico dedicāre</w>
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<gloss><q>dedicate</q></gloss></mentioned> (along with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e321" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e390" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>dīco</w>
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<gloss><q>say</q></gloss></mentioned>) etc. As for the meaning ‘build’, cf.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4118e329" xml:id="mentioned_d4118e398" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*parδēs- (prδʼys-), *δes-(δys-)</w>
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<gloss><q>build</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdīs"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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