133 lines
14 KiB
XML
133 lines
14 KiB
XML
|
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|||
|
|
<teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi></title>
|
|||
|
|
</titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
|||
|
|
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
|||
|
|
<tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
</tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
</encodingDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<text>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<entry xml:id="entry_kalm" xml:lang="os">
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d1345e66" type="lemma"><orth>kalm</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense xml:id="sense_d1345e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>змея</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>snake</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>червь</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>worm</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1345e89">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e91">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>kalm jæ særæj mardæ ū</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>змею убивают в голову</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>the snake is killed in the head</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
|
|||
|
|
210</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e110">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>kalmaw myn mæ rīw sūʒgæ bawwyldta mast</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>как змея, источило мне грудь жгучее горе</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>burning grief ate into my chest like a snake</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское слово, означавшее ‘червь’, др.иран.
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. Значение ‘червь’ не чуждо и осетинскому; об этом
|
|||
|
|
говорит аблаутный вариант этого же слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/>
|
|||
|
|
‘червивый’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘очервивел’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘изъеденный червями’; ср.
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘червь’. Переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> под влиянием <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>
|
|||
|
|
(ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (←
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> и др. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e140" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e290" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e146" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e295" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e151" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e156" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e161" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e310" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e166" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e315" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e171" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e177" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e326" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e182" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e335" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e191" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e196" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e201" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e207" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kṛmī-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>червь</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e359" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e215" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e364" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e220" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e225" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>aca-karm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>удав</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e381" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e237" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w n="0">чрьвь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e244" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>червь</w></mentioned>) содержит, по-видимому, тот же корень, но с другим
|
|||
|
|
формантом и относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> так же, как, скажем, лат.
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> к ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e394" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e251" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>чермень</w></mentioned> рядом с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘красный цвет’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
|
|||
|
|
111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European word, which means ‘worm’, Old Iranian
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. In Ossetic the meaning ‘worm’ existed as
|
|||
|
|
well; it is proved by the ablaut variant of this word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/> ‘wormy’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘become worm-eaten’),
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘worm-eaten’; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘worm’. The transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> is
|
|||
|
|
under the influence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Old
|
|||
|
|
Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ←
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> etc. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e140" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e284" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e146" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e290" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e151" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e295" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e156" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e300" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e161" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e305" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e166" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e310" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e171" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e315" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e177" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e321" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e182" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e326" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e191" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e335" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e196" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e340" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e201" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e345" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e207" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e351" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kṛmī-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>worm</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e359" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e220" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e364" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e225" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e369" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>aca-karm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>boa</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e237" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e381" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>črьvь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e244" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e387" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>červʼ</w></mentioned>) apparently contains the same root, but with a
|
|||
|
|
different formant, it is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> the same way
|
|||
|
|
as, say, Latin <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; cf.
|
|||
|
|
also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e394" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>чермень</w></mentioned> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘red colour’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
|
|||
|
|
111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|