155 lines
15 KiB
XML
155 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læsæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
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<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
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</publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">II</biblScope>. L–R. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1973</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">32–33</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_læsæg" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1111e68" type="lemma"><orth>læsæg</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1111e74"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лосось</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>salmon</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Не документировано</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Not documented</note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1111e93"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e94" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>лосось</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e99" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>lasasso</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e350" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e104" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>lašišà</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e355" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e109" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>lahs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e360" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e114" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Lachs</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>лосось</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e368" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e122" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>laks</w>
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<gloss><q>рыба</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ос. <oRef/> привлекается нередко как
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доказательство общеиндоевропейского характера этого названия, откуда делаются далеко
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идущие выводы о прародине индоевропейцев, которую в этом случае следует искать в местах,
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где водится лосось. Однако за пределами осетинского других надежных индоиранских
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соответствий не видно. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e378" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e132" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>lākṣā</w>
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<gloss><q>красный лак</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e140" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">raxš</w> (<w>rɣš</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e396" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e150" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>rr<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220330T005112+0300" comment="check"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end ?>ṣa</w>
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<gloss>название цвета</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1111e162" xml:lang="fa"><lang/> raxš
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<gloss><q>color ruber et aljius inter se mixtus</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e417" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e168" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
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<w>erašx</w>
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<gloss><q>желтый с красноватым отливом (о масти)</q></gloss></mentioned>, видимо, не
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имеют сюда отношения и связаны с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e428" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e179" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<m>raj-</m>
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<gloss><q>красный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Это обстоятельство, а также начальный
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<c>l</c> в <oRef/> (вместо <c>r</c>, которого требует иранский ротацизм) вынуждают
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отказаться от возведения <oRef/> к иранскому или индоевропейскому прототипу и
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рассматривать его как специфическую скифо-европейскую изоглоссу, подобно многим другим
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осетинским словам, не имеющим параллелей в индоиранских языках (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lænk"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælæs"/> и др.). Исходное значение указывало, по-видимому, на окраску:
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<gloss><q>пятнистый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пестрый</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>крапчатый</q></gloss><note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Молодые рыбы имеют поперечные полосы, которые иногда
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замечаются и у взрослых; у взрослых часто встречаются черные или красноватые пятна</q>
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(статья <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Лосось</q> в внциклопедическом словаре <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Брокгауза</hi> и <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ефрона</hi>).</note> (<bibl><author>Löwenthal</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>LII 98</biblScope></bibl>); ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e233" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>ла́са</w>
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<gloss><q>яркое пятно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>полоса</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e482" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e244" xml:lang="ru"><w>лоса́</w>
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<gloss><q>гладкая, освещенная солнцем поверхность воды</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e499" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e251" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>làse</w>
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<gloss><q>пятно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крапинка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e511" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e262" xml:lang="lv"><w>lāsains</w>
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<gloss><q>пятнистый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крапчатый</q></gloss></mentioned>.<pb/>
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<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1934 VII 120</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Konow</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1945 XIII 214</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Thieme</author>. <title>Die
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Heimat der indogermanischen Gemeinsprache</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Abhandl. der
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Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der
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Literatur in Mainz</title>
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<date>1953</date>
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<biblScope>XI 557</biblScope></bibl></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>LXIX 209 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Krause</author>. <title>Zum
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Namen des Lachses</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>.</bibl> —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS">JRAS</ref>
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<biblScope>1953, стр. 95, прим. 1</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG">ZDMG</ref>
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<biblScope>1955 CV 175—183</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>7 сл., 38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1111e339"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e94" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e340" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>lososʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e99" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e345" xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>lasasso</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e104" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e350" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>lašišà</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e109" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e355" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>lahs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e114" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e360" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Lachs</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>salmon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e122" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e368" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>laks</w>
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<gloss><q>fish</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ossetic <oRef/> is quite often invoked as proof
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of common Indo-European origin of this name, from where far-fetched conclusions are drawn
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concerning the homeland of the Indo-Europeans, which should in this case be situated in
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areas where salmon is found. However, no reliable Indo-Iranian correspondences outside
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Ossetic are observed. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e132" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e378" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>lākṣā</w>
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<gloss><q>red lac</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1111e386"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e140" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e387" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">raxš</w> (<w>rɣš</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e150" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e396" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>rr<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220330T005112+0300" comment="check"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end ?>ṣa</w></mentioned>
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<gloss>name of a colour</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1111e409" xml:lang="fa"><lang/> raxš
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<gloss><q><hi rendition="#rend_italic">color ruber et aljius inter se
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mixtus</hi></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e168" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e417" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
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<w>erašx</w>
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<gloss><q>yellow with reddish tint (of animal)</q></gloss></mentioned> apparently have
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no connection here and are related to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e179" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e428" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<m>raj-</m>
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<gloss><q>red</q></gloss></mentioned>. This circumstance, as well as initial <c>l</c> in
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<oRef/> (instead of <c>r</c> required by Iranian rhotacism) demand us to reject the
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tracing back of <oRef/> to an Iranian or Indo-European prototype. Instead, it has to be
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viewed as a specific Scytho-European isogloss, like many other Ossetic words not having
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parallels in Indo-Iranian languages (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lænk"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælæs"/> etc.). The
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initial meaning probably denoted the colour: <gloss><q>spotted</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>variegated</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>speckled</q></gloss><note type="footnote">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Young fish have transverse stripes that are also
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sometimes observed on mature individuals; mature fish often have black or reddish
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spots</q> (article <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Salmon</q> in the <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Brockhaus</hi> and <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Efron</hi> Encyclopedic Dictionary).</note> (<bibl><author>Löwenthal</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>LII 98</biblScope></bibl>); cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e94" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e482" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>lása</w>
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<gloss><q>bright spot</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>stripe</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e233" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e493" xml:lang="ru"><w>losá</w>
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<gloss><q>smooth, sunlit water surface</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e499" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>làse</w>
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<gloss><q>spot</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>speckle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1111e262" xml:id="mentioned_d1111e511" xml:lang="lv"><w>lāsains</w>
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<gloss><q>spotted</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>speckled</q></gloss></mentioned>.<pb/>
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<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1934 VII 120</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Konow</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1945 XIII 214</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Thieme</author>. <title>Die
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Heimat der indogermanischen Gemeinsprache</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Abhandl. der
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Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der
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Literatur in Mainz</title>
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<date>1953</date>
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<biblScope>XI 557</biblScope></bibl></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>LXIX 209ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Krause</author>. <title>Zum
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Namen des Lachses</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>, <date>1961</date>.</bibl> —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS">JRAS</ref>
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<biblScope>1953, p. 95, fn. 1</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>,
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG">ZDMG</ref>
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<biblScope>1955 CV 175—183</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>7ff., 38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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