164 lines
13 KiB
XML
164 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sart</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sart" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2158e66" type="lemma"><orth>sart</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2158e69">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>долото</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>chisel</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒagur"/></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">id</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe rajdydta ḱyrynæj īsyn læǧzgænæntæ,
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<oRef>sartytæ</oRef>, ræs, ʒæbūg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бабе стал доставать из сундука рубанки, долота,
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напильник, молоток</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babe started to get planers, chisels, a file
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and a hammer out from the chest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
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<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ conǵy ’stægæj <oRef>sart</oRef> acaræzton,
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mæ særy faxsæj mysalǧ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из кости руки я сделал долото, из части черепа
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— колотушку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I made the chisel from the arm bone, the mallet
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I made from the part of the skull</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из сказки;
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</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from a fairy tale; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Названия орудий характеризовались в древнеиранском формантом <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-θra</m></mentioned>, др.инд. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>-tra-</m></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m>-tro-</m>,
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<m>-tlo-</m></mentioned> от глагольных корней (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II 1 340 — 346</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
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<biblScope>II 2 701 — 706</biblScope></bibl>). В осетинском <c>-θra</c> регулярно дает
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<c>-rt</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"/>
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<gloss><q>мера зерна</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">maθra</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"/>
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<gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vartaθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"/>
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<gloss><q>щит</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">varθura</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrt"/>
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<gloss><q>памятник</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">čiθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūsart"/>
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<gloss><q>заколотое согласно ритуалу животное</q></gloss> (из <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaušaθra-</w></mentioned>). Ос. <oRef>sart</oRef> по
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своему образованию относится к этой группе и возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">saθra-</w></mentioned> от иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sā</m> (также <m type="rec">sya-ʔ</m>):
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<w>sāta-</w></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sḱei-</w>
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<gloss><q>срезать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обрезать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср.
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<mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>sāy-</w>, <w>sātak</w>
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<gloss><q>стричь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sād</w>
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<gloss><q>гладкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>fra-sā-na-</w>
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<gloss><q>разрушение</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pra-cchā-na-</w>
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<gloss><q>ранение</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>chzati</w>: <w>chāta-</w>
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<gloss><q>срезать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отрезать</q></gloss>, каузатив
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<w>chāyayati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mga"><lang/>
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<w>scīan</w>
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<gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Древность слова <oRef>sart</oRef>
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поддерживается древностью реалий. Материалы археологических раскопок последних десятилетий
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показали высокий уровень ремесленного производства у скифов. Среди вещей, добытых, в
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частности, в Каменском городище на Днепре, встречаются пробойники и зубила разных размеров
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и профиля (<bibl><author>Граков</author>. <title>Каменское городище на Днепре</title>.
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<publisher>МИА</publisher>
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<biblScope>1954 XXXVI 123—125</biblScope></bibl>). Таким образом, <oRef>sart</oRef>
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стоит в ряду исконно иранских, скифских названий орудий, таких как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>
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<gloss><q>топор</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>
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<gloss><q>нож</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"/>
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<gloss><q>напильник</q></gloss> и др. — Из аланского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>čert</w>
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<gloss><q>орудие для тесания дерева</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
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<biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Names of instruments had the formant <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-θra</m></mentioned> in Old Iranian, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><m>-tra-</m></mentioned> in Old Indian, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m>-tro-</m>,
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<m>-tlo-</m></mentioned> in Indo-European and were derived from verb roots (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II 1 340 — 346</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
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<biblScope>II 2 701 — 706</biblScope></bibl>). In Ossetic, <c>-θra</c> regularly
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corresponds to <c>-rt</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"/>
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<gloss><q>measure for grain</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">maθra</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wædært"/>
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<gloss><q>massive wooden ring that is put on a spinning spindle</q></gloss> (from
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<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vartaθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"/>
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<gloss><q>shield</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">varθura</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyrt"/>
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<gloss><q>monument</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">čiθra-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūsart"/>
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<gloss><q>animal slaughtered by ritual</q></gloss> (from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">kaušaθra-</w></mentioned>). Ossetic <oRef>sart</oRef>, according to its
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derivation, belongs to this group and is traced regularly to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">saθra-</w></mentioned>, from Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m type="rec">sā</m> (also <m type="rec">sya-ʔ</m>):
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<w>sāta-</w></mentioned>, Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sḱei-</w>
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<gloss><q>cut off</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trim</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>sāy-</w>, <w>sātak</w>
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<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sād</w>
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<gloss><q>smooth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>fra-sā-na-</w>
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<gloss><q>destruction</q></gloss></mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pra-cchā-na-</w>
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<gloss><q>wound</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>chzati</w>: <w>chāta-</w>
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<gloss><q>cut off</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, causative
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<w>chāyayati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mga"><lang/>
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<w>scīan</w>
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<gloss><q>knife</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The ancient origin of <oRef>sart</oRef> is
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supported by the antiquity of realities. The materials of the archeological excavation of
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recent decades have shown the high level of the Scythian handicraft production. Among the
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things founded, in particular, in Kamenskoe settlement on the Dnieper River, there are
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punches and chisels of various sizes and profile (<bibl><author>Grakov</author>.
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<title>Kamenskoe gorodišče na Dnepre</title> [Kamenskoe settlement on the Dnieper
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River]. <publisher>MIA</publisher>
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<biblScope>1954 XXXVI 123—125</biblScope></bibl>). So, <oRef>sart</oRef> is among
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originally Iranian, Scythian names of instruments, such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>
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<gloss><q>axe</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/>
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<gloss><q>knife</q></gloss>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"/>
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<gloss><q>file</q></gloss> etc. — From Alanian is, probably, borrowed <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>čert</w>
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<gloss><q>instrument for adzing wood</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Марр._Сван."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
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<biblScope>VI 359</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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