199 lines
16 KiB
XML
199 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">simd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_simd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1177e66" type="lemma"><orth>simd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1177e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>старинный хороводный массовый танец</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>old circle group dance</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><name>Æbati Samel</name> называет этот танец <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ewgurxwæst</w></mentioned>, т. е. таким танцем, где <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">все (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ewgur</w></mentioned>)
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держатся (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwæst</w></mentioned>) друг за друга</q>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="footnote"><name>Æbati Samel</name> calls this dance <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ewgurxwæst</w></mentioned>, i.e. such dance where <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">everyone (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ewgur</w></mentioned>) is holding (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwæst</w></mentioned>) each other</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> Танцующие выстраивались шеренгой: девица, мужчина,
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девица, мужчина и т. д. Мужчина брал под руку девицу. Затем правая нога танцоров
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выдвигалась немного вперед. В этом положении стена танцующих, переступая с ноги на ногу,
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медленно двигалась вправо до момента, когда первая пара выходила из общего ряда, принимая
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перпендикулярное к шеренге положение. За ней отрывалась вторая пара и т. д. Каждая пара
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двигалась вперед, попеременно выбрасывая легким кругообразным движением то правую ногу
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вправо, то левую влево. В результате общий рисунок движения пар получал зигзагообразный
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характер. Совершив полный круг, пары вновь выстраивались в одну шеренгу, и т. д.
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(<bibl><author>Туганов</author>. <title>Осетинские народные танцы</title>.
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<pubPlace>Сталинир</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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17—20</biblScope></bibl>). <oRef>Симд</oRef> сопровождался раньше хоровым пением, теперь
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исполняется под инструментальные наигрыши. <oRef>Симд</oRef> неоднократно упоминается в
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героическом эпосе осетин (сказания о Нартах) как излюбленный танец нартовских богатырей.
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Судя по сказаниям, практиковался и чисто мужской <oRef>симд</oRef>. Он начинался в
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медленном темпе и, постепенно ускоряясь, достигал такой бурной силы и стремительности, что
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более слабые участники рисковали в нем целостью своих конечностей (<bibl><title>Изв. Сев.-
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Осет. научно-исслед. инст</title>. <date>1945</date>
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<biblScope>X <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 101</biblScope></bibl>). Именно во
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время <oRef>симда</oRef> герой Батраз, танцуя в паре с сыном кривого великана, так его
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покалечил, что тот еле дополз домой (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>213—216</biblScope></bibl>). Согласно одной песне, исполняющие
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<oRef>симд</oRef>
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">находят божью милость</q> (см. ниже, под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"/>). Это указывает на ритуальное значение
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<oRef>симда</oRef>, как и свидетельство одного сказания, что симд не прекращался даже
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тогда, когда враги <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">агуры</q> грозили ворваться в селение
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>307 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The dancers lined up in a row: a girl, a man, a girl, a
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man etc. The man took the girl by the arm. Then the right leg of the dancers moved forward
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a little. In this position the dancers. shifting their feet, moved slowly to the right
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until the first pair came out of the common row and stood in a perpincular position to the
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others. After ther first pair the second did the same, etc. Each pair moved forward
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alternately making light circular motions with right and left legs. As a result, the
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general pattern of the movement looked like a zigzag. Having completed a full circle, the
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couples again lined up in one row, etc. (<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Tuganov</author>. <title>Ossetian folk dances</title>.
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<pubPlace>Stalinir</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>pp.
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17—20</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). <oRef>Simd</oRef> used to be accompanied by choral
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singing, now it is performed with instrumental music. <oRef>Simd</oRef> is repeatedly
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mentioned in the Ossetian heroic epic (Nart epic) as a favourite dance of Nart heroes.
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Judging by the legends, a purely male <oRef>simd</oRef> was also practiced. It started at
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a slow pace and, gradually accelerating, reached such violent strength and rapidity that
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weaker participants risked loosing their limbs (<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230126T215340+0300" comment="??"?><title>Izv.
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Sev.-Oset. naučno-issled. inst.</title><?oxy_comment_end ?> [Transactions of the
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North Ossetian Research Institute]. <date>1945</date>
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<biblScope>X <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 101</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). It
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was during this <oRef>simd</oRef> that the hero Batraʒ, dancing in a pair with the son of
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a crooked giant, hurted him so badly that he barely crawled home (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>213—216</biblScope></bibl>). According to one song, those who dance
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<oRef>simd</oRef>
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<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">find God's mercy</q> (see the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"/>). This indicates a ritual significance of <oRef>simd</oRef>, as
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well as the evidence of one legend that the simd did not stop even when the enemies <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230126T220404+0300" comment="?"?>Agurs<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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threatened to break into the village (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>307 ff.</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nart Zilaxary saræztoj styr
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<oRef>simd</oRef>, axæm <oRef>simd</oRef>, æmæ zæxx sæ byny ryztī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты устроили на (равнине) Зилахар великий
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<oRef>симд</oRef>, такой <oRef>симд</oRef>, что земля дрожала под ними</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narts had a great <oRef/> on the plain
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Zilakhar, such a <oRef/>, that the ground was shaking under them</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>213</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>simd</oRef> tyngæj tyngdær kæny</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>симд</oRef> становится все более
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бурным</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> is becoming more and more violent</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>215</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dunejy ḱyzǵytæ <oRef>simdy</oRef> læwwydysty,
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— aj ʒy xærzaræstdær, aj ʒy ræsuǧddær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">множество девушек стояло в <oRef>симде</oRef>,
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— одна другой наряднее, одна другой красивее</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were many girls dancing <oRef/>, — one is
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more elegant than the other, one is more beautiful than the other</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>simdy</oRef> k˳y bacæwaj, wæd ʒy simyn
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qæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уж если вошел в <oRef>симд</oRef>, то надо
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плясать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you entered into the <oRef/>, you have to
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dance</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">saying</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narti <oRef>sind</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нартовский синд</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nart sind</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 25</biblScope><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <oRef>синд</oRef>
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служит здесь завязкой и сюжетом целого сказания</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <oRef>sind</oRef> serves here as the beginning and plot of a whole
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legend</note></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku bafsæduncæ, wæd samajuncæ... cʼæx-zældæ
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turǧi ængom wæzzaw <oRef>sind</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда они насыщаются едой, то устраивают на
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(покрытом) зеленой травой дворе сомкнутый торжественный <oRef>шинд</oRef></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when they are full of food, they made a closed
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solemn <oRef/> in the yard covered with green grass</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>62 <hi rendition="#rend_subscript">338—341</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xwæstæncæ <oRef>šindi</oRef> ænvæsrtæj kark
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æma i babuz</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">взялись за <oRef>шинд</oRef> бок-о-бок курица и
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утка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">side by side, the chicken and the duck began to
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dance <oRef/></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æmburdgond"/>
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<biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализованное прош. причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīmyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">semun</w></ref>, q. v.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A lexicalized past participle of the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīmyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīmyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">semun</w></ref>, q. v.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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