329 lines
20 KiB
XML
329 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sk˳yxyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sk0yxyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3758e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sk˳yxyn</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>skwyxyn</orth></form><form type="participle"><orth>sk˳yxt</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æskʼwænxun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æskʼwænxt</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>æskʼuxt</orth></form></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3758e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отличаться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>excel</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>совершать подвиг</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>perfome a heroic act</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>rask˳yxyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оказаться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">turn out</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>sk˳yxt</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отличившийся</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">excelling</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>прославленный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>glorified</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>герой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hero</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">эвфемистически </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">euphemistically </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>покойник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dead man</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>sk˳yxt(ʒīnad)</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подвиг</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">feat</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūdonæj dīssagdær <oRef>rask˳yxtī</oRef> mænæ
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mæ kæstær ævsymærtæj Xetæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чудеснее их отличился из моих младших братьев
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Хетаг</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khetæg, one of my younger brothers, excelled
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more wonderfully than them</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæm qæbatyr... <oRef>rask˳yxtī</oRef>
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toxy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в бою он оказался таким храбрым</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was so brave in battle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æʒællagmæ ʽrcydysty Narty <oRef>sk˳yxt</oRef>
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fæsīvæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прославленная нартовская молодежь дошла до
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плачевного состояния</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the famous Nart young people has reached a
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230129T150245+0300" comment="??????"?>poor
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condition<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 3</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">padcaxæn qyg wydīs, mæg˳yr læǵy fyrt aftæ kæj
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<oRef>rask˳yxtīs</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">царю было неприятно, что сын бедняка так
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отличился</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tsar was displeased that the poor man's son
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had excelled so much</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 83</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">igurd <oRef>feskʼwænxtæj</oRef> æma æxe
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qiamætæj ǧæw isæntudta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">рожденный</q>) оказался героем и своим трудом сколотил аул</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">born</q>) turned out to be a hero and made a
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village by himself</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 87</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">igurdi xucaw æskʼwænxt læg fækkodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">родившийся оказался божьей волей героем</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the one who was born turned out to be a hero by
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God's will</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dugejæn ew furt
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<oRef>feskʼwælxtæj</oRef></quote>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Дуге отличился один сын</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one of Duge's son excelled</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ feskʼwælxtewæg ǧæwama feǧosun kænoncæ sæ
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fætægæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о своем подвиге они должны сообщить своему
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вождю</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they must inform their leader about their
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feat</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xudta mæ zar <oRef>sguxtæj</oRef>
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<oRef>æsguxtmæ</oRef></quote>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (sic!) </note>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">песня звала меня от подвига к подвигу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the song called me from feat to feat</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ælbegaty <oRef>sk˳yxtyty</oRef> wælæwyl ma
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nywwaʒut</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не оставьте непогребенными покойников
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Албеговых</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not leave the Albegov deadmen unburied</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">skau-k-</w>, <w type="rec">sku-k-</w></mentioned>, дигорская форма — к
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skwa-n-k-</w></mentioned>, индоевропейская база
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
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<gloss><q>замечать</q>, <q>быть заметным, видным</q>, <q>выделяться
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чем-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>. Экспрессивный смычно-гортанный <c>kʼ</c> в дигорском
|
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|
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(при иронском <c>k</c>) — как в некоторых других случаях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myrtkæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">murkʼæ</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>382, § 23</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>škōh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>šukōh</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>достоинство</q>, <q>величие</q>, <q>великолепие</q>, <q>блеск</q>,
|
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|
|
<q>слава</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из многочисленных индоевропейских соответствий
|
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|
|
приведем только семантически для нас более существенные: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>skauns</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>видный собой</q>, <q>красивый</q>, <q>прекрасный</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
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|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>skōni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>scōni</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>прекрасный</q>, <q>блестящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>κῦδος</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>слава</q>, специально <q>военная слава</q></gloss>, <w>κυδρός</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κυδάλιμος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>славный</q>, <q>прославленный</q>, <q>знаменитый</q>, <q>мужественный</q>,
|
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|
|
<q>храбрый</q>, <q>удалой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čudo</w></mentioned>. Семантика <q>славы</q>, <q>подвига</q>, присущая <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<m>skux-</m></mentioned> и некоторым его соответствиям в других языках, как нельзя лучше
|
|||
|
|
подходит для мужского собственного имени у такого воинственного народа, как скифы (саки).
|
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|
|
И мы действительно знаем такое имя. Это — имя вождя саков <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned>, которого захватил в плен персидский царь Дарий I в 518 г.
|
|||
|
|
до н. э. (<bibl><title>Бехистунская надпись</title>, <biblScope>V столбец, 28-я
|
|||
|
|
строка</biblScope></bibl>). Разительное совпадение <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m type="rec">sku(n)x-</m>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>совершать подвиг</q>, <q>быть героем</q></gloss></mentioned> и сакского имени
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned> представляет одно из ярких
|
|||
|
|
свидетельств зыковой близости осетин и саков.<lb/><bibl><author>Фрейман</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1948, стр. 239 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">skau-k-</w>, <w type="rec">sku-k-</w></mentioned>, a Digor form — to
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skwa-n-k-</w></mentioned>, the Indo-European
|
|||
|
|
base is <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>notice</q>, <q>be visible, prominent</q>, <q>stand out with
|
|||
|
|
something</q></gloss></mentioned>. An expressive ejective <c>kʼ</c> is in Digor (while
|
|||
|
|
having <c>k</c>) — as in some other cases: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myrtkæ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">murkʼæ</w></ref> etc.
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>382, § 23</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>škōh</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šukōh</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dignity</q>, <q>magnificence</q>, <q>greatness</q>, <q>shine</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>glory</q></gloss></mentioned>. Of numerous Indo-European correspondances we will
|
|||
|
|
cite only those that are semantically more significant: <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skauns</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>notable</q>, <q>beautiful</q>, <q>attractive</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="osx"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skōni</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>scōni</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>attractive</q>, <q>brilliant</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κῦδος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>glory</q>, especially <q>military glory</q></gloss>, <w>κυδρός</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κυδάλιμος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>glorious</q>, <q>glorified</q>, <q>famous</q>, <q>courageous</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>brave</q>, <q>daring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čudo</w></mentioned>. The semantics of <q>glory</q>, <q>feat</q>, that is common to
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m>skux-</m></mentioned> and some of its correspondances in other languages, could not
|
|||
|
|
be better suited for a male proper name of such a warlike people as the Scythians (Saks).
|
|||
|
|
And we do know such a name. This is the name of the leader of the Saks <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned>, who was captured by the Persian king Darius I
|
|||
|
|
in 518 BC . (<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><title>Behistun Inscription</title>, <biblScope>V
|
|||
|
|
column, 28 line</biblScope></bibl></bibl>). A dramatic coincidence of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m type="rec">sku(n)x-</m>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>perform a feat</q>, <q>be a hero</q></gloss></mentioned> and Saka name
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><w>Skunxa</w></mentioned> It is one of the clearest evidences
|
|||
|
|
of the linguistic proximity of Ossetians and Saks.<lb/><bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Freiman</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1948, p. 239 ff</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|