188 lines
12 KiB
XML
188 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tærf</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tærf" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230209T134357+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4895e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tærf</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tærfæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4895e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лощина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hollow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ложбина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>trough</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>котловина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ravine</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>впадина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>valley</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; близко по значению <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lænk"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">lænk</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">læncæ</w></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; close on its meaning to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lænk"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">lænk</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">læncæ</w></ref></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ars ærdūzmæ fæzynd tærfæj, jæ fæstægtyl
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ærbady…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">медведь показался на поляне, (поднявшись) из
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ложбины, садится на задние лапы…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bear showed up in the meadow, (rising) from
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the hollow, sits on his hind legs…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>IV 42</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūcy īwx˳yzon ænk’ard bydyry jæddæmæ cæst
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nīcæwyl xæcyd… nyllæg qamyl <oRef>tærfyty</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…глаз ничего не схватывал, кроме однообразной
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печальной равнины… с низкими камышами в лощинах…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…the eye could not grasp anything but the
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monotonous, sad plain... with low reeds in the hollows...…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazaq"/>
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<biblScope>207</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sirdon æj (Soslani bæxi) ew
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<oRef>tærfæmæ</oRef> balasta ma in je ’ftawgiti buni kokojni sinӡitæ bakodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сирдон его (Сосланова коня) завел в одну лощину
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и подложил ему под попоны колючек</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sirdon led him (Soslan's horse) into a ravine
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and put thorns under his shabrack</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 21</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">raxesærdigi urux <oRef>tærfi</oRef>…
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æræncadæj Xænæz</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">справа в широкой котловине расположился (аул)
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Ханаз</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">On the right in a wide valley is located (aul)
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Khanaz</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к скифо-европейской изоглоссе
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230209T134148+0300" comment="отмечаю как и.е., но не уверен"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">tarpo-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Изоглосса
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охватывает славянские, балтийские, тохарский и фракийский: <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>trapъ</w>
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<gloss><q>яма</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>tárpas</w>
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<gloss><q>промежуток</q>, <q>щель</q>, <q>расщелина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>tarpēklis</w>
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<gloss><q>лощина</q>, <q>ложбина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
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<w>tarp</w>
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<gloss><q>болото</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
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<w>tarpo-</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в топониме <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Tarpo-dizos
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</w><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Talfestung</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Dečev</author>. <title>Charakteristik der thrakishen
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Sprache</title>. <pubPlace>София</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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149, 183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. На иранской почве ср. еще
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<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>tarma</w>
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<gloss><q>болото</q>, <q>трясина</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, если <w type="rec">tarpa</w> →
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<w type="rec">tarba</w> → <w>tarma</w>. Наличие слова именно в афганском естественно,
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если учесть, что и этот язык преемственно связан с сакским-скифским (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>139 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Не случайно и то, что значение
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<gloss><q>болото</q></gloss> сближает афганский именно с тохарским: тохары долгое
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время были ближайшими соседями среднеазиатских саков (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>136—139</biblScope></bibl>). — Как чисто ландшафтный термин <oRef>tærf</oRef>
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не может сближаться с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarf"><w>tarf</w>
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<gloss><q>глубокий</q> (сон)</gloss>, <gloss><q>тяжелый</q>
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(больной)</gloss></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It goes back to the Scytho-European isogloss
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230209T134148+0300" comment="отмечаю как и.е., но не уверен"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">tarpo-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. This isogloss
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covers Slavic, Baltic, Tocharian and Thracian: <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>trapъ</w>
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<gloss><q>pit</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>tárpas</w>
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<gloss><q>span</q>, <q>slit</q>, <q>cleft</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>tarpēklis</w>
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<gloss><q>hollow</q>, <q>trough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
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<w>tarp</w>
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<gloss><q>swamp</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
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<w>tarpo-</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the toponym <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Tarpo-dizos </w><gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Talfestung</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Dečev</author>. <title>Charakteristik der thrakishen
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Sprache</title>. <pubPlace>Sofia</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>pp.
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149, 183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. On Iranian basis cf. also
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<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>tarma</w>
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<gloss><q>swamp</q>, <q>bog</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, if <w type="rec">tarpa</w> →
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<w type="rec">tarba</w> → <w>tarma</w>. The presence of the word in Afghani is natural,
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considering that this language is also historically related to the Saka-Scythian
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>139 w.</biblScope></bibl>). It is also not accidental that the meaning
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<gloss><q>swamp</q></gloss> brings Afghani specifically closer to Tocharian: the
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Tocharians were for a long time the closest neighbors of the Central Asian Saks
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>136—139</biblScope></bibl>). — As a purely landscape term <oRef>tærf</oRef>
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cannot converge with<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarf"><w>tarf</w>
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<gloss><q>deep</q> (sleep)</gloss>, <gloss><q>heavy</q> (sick)</gloss></ref>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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