1452 lines
116 KiB
XML
1452 lines
116 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tymbyl</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tymbyl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1972e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tymbyl</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tumbul</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1972e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>круглый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>round</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>круглая масса чего-либо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>round mass of something</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tymbyl<ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūr"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">булыжник</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cobblestone</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tymbyl<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūx"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кулак</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fist</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tymbylcʼægæj (gæpp kænyn)</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(прыгать) свернувшись в клубок, без разбега</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(jump) curled up into a ball, without
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running</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>fætymbyl wyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свернуться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">curl up</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>упасть замертво</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>drop dead</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о подстреленной дичи и т. п.)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (about shot
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185131+0300" comment="? вроде так в словаре"?>game<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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etc.)</note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ratymbyl kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">собрав в кучу, захватить, погнать (добычу,
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скот)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gathering in a heap, capture, drive (prey,
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livestock)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyg0yr">ratyg˳yr</ref> kænyn</phr>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyg0yr">ratyg˳yr</ref> kænyn</phr>)</note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ærbatymbyl kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свернуть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">roll up</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>взять в охапку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>take in an armful</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tymbyl kaft</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">круговой танец</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">round dance</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (лезгинка)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">
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(<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185222+0300" comment="?"?>lezginka<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærtæ ævsymæry... sæ fydy byn bajwærstoj æmæ
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ma se ʽxsæny īw <oRef>tymbyl</oRef> fyng warīnag wyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">три брата разделили наследство отца, и осталось
|
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им разделить один круглый стол</q>
|
|||
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</tr>
|
|||
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">three brothers divided the inheritance of their
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|
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father, and it remains for them to share one round table</q>
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</tr>
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
|||
|
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr dær læwwy cyma mæ cūry
|
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<oRef>tymbylʒæskom</oRef> læppū</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как сейчас стоит будто возле меня круглолицый
|
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юноша</q>
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</tr>
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a chubby young man seems to be standing next to
|
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me
|
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185337+0300" comment="?? что за как сейчас"?>like
|
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now<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
|
|||
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</tr>
|
|||
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>1956 XII 14</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
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|
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tymbyl</oRef> aldymbyd aræztoj ærtæ
|
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æng˳ylʒy færcy, tʼæpæn aldymbyd ta fonʒ æng˳ylʒy færcy</quote>
|
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|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">круглую тесьму плели тремя пальцами, а плоскую
|
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тесьму — пятью пальцами</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">round braid was woven with three fingers, and
|
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|
|
flat braid was woven with five fingers</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
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<biblScope>1971 VI 79</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xsærtæg jæ dymǵytæ <oRef>ærbatymbyl</oRef>
|
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kodta</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хсартаг подобрал свои полы</q>
|
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|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Hsærtæg picked up his
|
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185431+0300" comment="полы??"?>flaps<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
|
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|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
|||
|
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<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Badīlatæn sæ ʒawmatæ <oRef>ratymbyl</oRef>
|
|||
|
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kodta</quote>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он сгреб оружие Бадиловых</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he grabbed the weapons of the Badilovs</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 102</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Teǯia ūsy jæ qæbysy <oRef>ærbatymbyl</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
kodta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Теджиа сгреб женщину в объятия</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tedzia grabbed the woman in his arms</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dælfædtæm <oRef>batymbyl</oRef> k˳yʒ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у ног свернулся пес</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the dog curled up at
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185513+0300" comment="?"?>his<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
feet</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærʒyngænæg xyssæjæ raskʼ˳yny kærʒynxor,
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>atymbyl</oRef> æj kæny arynǵy; nyr ūj xyssæ nal xwiny, fælæ —
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tymbyl</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пекущая хлеб отрывает от теста сколько нужно на
|
|||
|
|
(один) хлеб, скатывает его комом в корыте; теперь это называется уже не тестом, а
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tymbyl</oRef> (комом)</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the baker of bread tears off the dough as much
|
|||
|
|
as is needed for (one) loaf, rolls it into a lump in a trough; now it is no longer
|
|||
|
|
called dough, <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185629+0300" comment="?"?>but<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tymbyl</oRef> (a lump)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1969 I 80</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw mīgty <oRef>tymbyltæ</oRef> xoxæj xoxmæ
|
|||
|
|
līwyrdtoj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">клубы черных туч неслись с горы на гору</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">black
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185701+0300" comment="клубы?"?>clouds<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
were rushing from mountain to mountain</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axmæty gærax acydī, æmæ asaulitæj īw
|
|||
|
|
asqīwdta, qama felvæsta, æmæ dykkag <oRef>fætymbyl</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раздался выстрел Ахмата, и один из есаулов
|
|||
|
|
прянул (подстреленный), (Ахмат) выхватил кинжал, — и второй упал замертво
|
|||
|
|
(«свернулся»)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhmat’s shot rang out, and one of the
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185829+0300" comment="или Yesauls?"?>captains<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
jumped
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T185849+0300" comment="прянул??"?>back<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
(shot), (Akhmat) pulled out a dagger, and the second one fell dead (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">curled up</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wærcc <oRef>fætymbyl</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перепелка упала (подстреленная)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a quail fell (shot down)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku bafsæduncæ, wæd samajuncæ
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tumbul</oRef> fingæbæl kʼærcc ængulʒæxtæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда они насыщаются, то устраивают на круглом
|
|||
|
|
столе звучный пляс на носках</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when they are
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T190011+0300" comment="или full?"?>satiated<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
|
|||
|
|
they arrange a resounding dance on their toes on a round table</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>62<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">338–339</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku ma iskodta <oRef>tumbul</oRef> tox
|
|||
|
|
wæddær</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он все же вступил в кучный («круглый») бой</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he still got into a heap (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">round</q>) fight</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1934 III–IV 84</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Можно, казалось бы, сопоставить с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(анат.)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tümbül</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толстый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1604</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и признать заимствованием
|
|||
|
|
из тюркского.<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 112</biblScope>)</bibl> сравнивает <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>təmməl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>круглое тесто</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note> Однако такое решение было бы
|
|||
|
|
поспешным. Ос. <oRef>tymbyl</oRef> не стоит в языке изолированно. Оно входит в обширную
|
|||
|
|
группу звукоизобразительных слов (идеофонов),<note type="footnote">Термин «идеофоны» для
|
|||
|
|
особого разряда «изобразительных» слов принят исследователями африканских языков, где
|
|||
|
|
звуковая символика имеет широкое распространение. Идеофоны возникают из потребности
|
|||
|
|
передать в звуковом образе (Lautbild) непосредственное впечатление от предмета или
|
|||
|
|
действия. Идеофоны отличны от звукоподражаний; они «изображают» не звуки, а внешний вид,
|
|||
|
|
форму, движение и пр.</note> в которых определенный круг значений («круглое»,
|
|||
|
|
«выпуклое», «вздутое», «выступающее», «торчащее» и т. п.) выражается определенными
|
|||
|
|
звуковыми комплексами — либо двухсогласными типа <c>KP</c>, <c>TP</c>, <c>CP</c>,<note type="footnote">В других случаях «круглое», «пухлое» и т. п. символизируется словами
|
|||
|
|
типа <c>PP</c>, <c>BB</c>.</note> либо трехсогласными типа <c>KPL</c>, <c>TPL</c>,
|
|||
|
|
<c>CPL</c>, <c>KPR</c>, <c>TPR</c>, <c>CPR</c>, <c>KPN</c>, <c>TPN</c>, <c>CPN</c> и т.
|
|||
|
|
п. (третьим согласным чаще бывают <c>l</c>, <c>r</c>, <c>n</c>, но также <c>s</c>,
|
|||
|
|
<c>t</c> и др.). В качестве начального согласного охотно используются смычногортанные
|
|||
|
|
<c>kʼ</c>, <c>cʼ</c> как более «экспрессивные». Гласный корня обычно <c>u</c>, <c>o</c>,
|
|||
|
|
иногда <c>a</c>, реже <c>e</c>, в единичных случаях <c>i</c>. Подобные идеофоны отмечаются
|
|||
|
|
в самых различных языках, не связанных ни генетическим родством, ни ареальными контактами.
|
|||
|
|
Ниже приводятся относящиеся сюда осетинские слова; в прямых скобках даются некоторые
|
|||
|
|
созвучные идеофоны из других языков. — Тип <c>KP</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼopp"><w>kʼopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>деревянная чаша</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼoppa"><w>kʼoppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>головка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gopp"><w>gopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хохолок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лука седла</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T134855+0300" comment="NB нет в словаре"?><w>gobæ</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>безрогий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ypp"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ypp</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼupp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>холмик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бугор</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ypa"><w>kʼ˳ypa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>почка</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(у растений)</note></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæpo" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼæpo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кисть</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cuppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бочка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cope</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cappa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шапка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cabo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cape</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мыс</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gop</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>клюв</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cup</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>cob</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cop</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kopf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Kaupe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хохолок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Koppe</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kuppe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>káupas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kúopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>масса</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>купа</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kãpas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>могила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дюна</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>копа</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>куб</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубок</w>, <w>кубышка</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumbhas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горшок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύμβη</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>köb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пузатый сосуд</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>kub</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>kup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кувшин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kwabi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>котел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼubo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гроб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мера зерна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kübi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бочка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύβη</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>κύβος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>игральная кость</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gomba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гриб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>gomb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговица</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kǎmpa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гриб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">gomba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>губа</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гриб</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>губа</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumba-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>утолщение кости</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вид женской
|
|||
|
|
прически</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gum̃bas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>возвышение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нарост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gobba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumpu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>koppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>короб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kuppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пузырь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сноп</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kuppi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чашка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>зоб</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кочан</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobə</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ковш</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бокал</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>kübä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выпуклый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кувшин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kambu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>раковина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>quba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>купол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hbo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>köba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шлем</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼob</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ковш</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>волдырь</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaufa</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūb</w>, <w>kwab</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>TP</c>, <c>CP</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼūpp"><w>cʼūpp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼopp" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>верх</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čʼobi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волос</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čʼopʼi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>высокая шапка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>čʼopʼiani
|
|||
|
|
kudi</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼūpp"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T145422+0300" comment="прям č? на что хреф?" id="wpl_qfl_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T033525+0300" parentID="wpl_qfl_rwb" comment="действительно странно č, в словаре ц (цупп)" mid="12"?>čʼūpp<?oxy_comment_end mid="12"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></ref><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūd"/></phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шапка с острым верхом</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>чуб</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čub</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>czub</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хохол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>чепец</w>, <w>чоп</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>затычка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>втулка</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>czop</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>csap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Zapf</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>затычка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>втулка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Topp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка мачты</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Zopf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>коса</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>волосы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tʼup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шкура</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tʼub</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>палец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čöp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>косточка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>top</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шар</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ядро</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tömb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кабан</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>глыба</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кипа</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>рулон</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пачка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>труба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хвост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>töbe</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>tepe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>KPL</c>, <c>TPL</c>, <c>CPL</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>свекла</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шарообразная масса свежего сыра</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">qumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шар</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>нитяной шарик для украшения башлыка, платья,
|
|||
|
|
оружия</q></gloss></ref>, <oRef>tymbyl</oRef> | <oRef>tumbul</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<q>круглый</q>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qambul"><w>qambūl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выпуклый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qabolæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qabolæ</w>, <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_sær">særi</ref> qabolæ</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>череп</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūbal"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼubal</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼobalæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шея</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>голова</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>головка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ymbīl"><w>kʼ˳ymbīl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybyloj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybyloj</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubulojnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>клубок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tubulon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tubulon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tubulojnæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>tubulojnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>круглая корзина для муки</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼybyla"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ḱʼybyla</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼibila</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ушат</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кадушка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbæl"><w>kʼæbæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>втулка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>затычка</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>катушка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæppæl"><w>gæppæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>клочок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кусок</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лоскут</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæppæl" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qæppæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>одежда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæppal"><w>tæppal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волдырь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мозоль</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæppolæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xæppolæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>надутый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæpyloj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xæpyloj</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xæppil</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волдырь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūpal"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cūpal</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">copalæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гроздь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кисть</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼupxali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гроздь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼmbilai</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговка из канители на женском платье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼumbi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговка из канители на женском платье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼuli</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>седельная лука</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шишка на рукояти
|
|||
|
|
пистолета</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tüppalg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>катушка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мяч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čopilg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговица</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><w>kʼopilg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>коробка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>'серебряные кругляшки на поясе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tupəl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>клубок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tupʼal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>перстень</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qombul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шаровидная пуговица</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>клубок</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пучок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кисть</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qambyl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tümbül</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толстый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tombalak</w>, <w>topalak</w>, <w>tomalak</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>круглый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шарообразный</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>t<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T150928+0300" comment="эта буква?" id="wrh_1gl_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T033818+0300" parentID="wrh_1gl_rwb" comment="на вид да, хотя обычно у Абаева с нижним подчёркиванием. Надо проверить" mid="14"?>ḥ<?oxy_comment_end mid="14"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>ämbəl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pulmo</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tāval</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волдырь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kùbilas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kübel</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чан</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύπελλον</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кобел</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мера сыпучих тел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kbel</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ушат</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ведро</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gebal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>череп</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Giebel</w>, <w>Gipfel</w>, <w>Zipfel</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>верхушка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кончик</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. (с
|
|||
|
|
другими относящимися сюда германскими словами), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κεφαλή</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kambala-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шерстяное одеяло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="brh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gappal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gapal</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кусок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cupola</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kuppel</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>купол</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cuppula</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>небольшая бочка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼombali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дубина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coboli</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пробка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>палица</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼampəlä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волчок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>желудь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qväbäl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ha"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kubul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>о круглом и маленьком предмете</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cobble</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>булыжник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kampela</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>камбала</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(«круглая рыба»)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupla</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пузырь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupula</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>koppelo</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopano</w>, <w>kope</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>полый предмет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>гомола</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ком</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gomolja</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>gumbul</w></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ком свежего сыра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>комолый</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>безрогий</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>KPR</c>, <c>TPR</c>, <c>CPR</c>:
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бугор</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ybyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ybyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gubur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сгорбленный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yppyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳yppyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">guppur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>надутый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>важный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūppar" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>guppar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>комок</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæbyræǧ"><w>xæbyræǧ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>багор</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_typpyr" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>typpyr</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вздутый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>выпуклый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толстый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_typpyr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuppur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>курган</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbur" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼæbur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>скалистый выступ</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼembur" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼembur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>морда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubaræ</w>, <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼuboræ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ком</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>комок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_guboræ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>guboræ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пирожок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæppær"><w>cæppær</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пуговица</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубри</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пироги жареные в масле</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>кубарь</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волчок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>чабурок</w>, <w>чапурок</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>деревянный шар на конце каната, за который привязывают
|
|||
|
|
лодки</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>чабарка</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>чапарка</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чашка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>csupor</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кружка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gum̃bras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cȩpure</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kepùré</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шапка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuber</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kibiras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼybyla" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>kʼibila</w></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ушат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kober</w>, <w>Koffer</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>короб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūbaṛ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūbara-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горбатый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũbras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kauburs</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuprà</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kaũpras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бугор</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kũbrỹs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бугор</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>курган</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kuburỹs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вершина горы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gabur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шея</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qabar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волдырь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼuri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вид лаптей</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qumbara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бомба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qambur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>горб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tömör</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>массивный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>tompor</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>csoport</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>группа</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupera</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выпуклый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kopare</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopero</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>груда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гроздь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кисть</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>KPT</c>:
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbæt" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gæbæt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бурдюк</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gobat</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>gobat kænun</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>окучивать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gebeta" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gebeta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пузатый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbūt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼæbūt</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼæbot</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss xml:lang="os-x-iron"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111447+0300" comment="я всё-таки сделал lang и иронскую глоссу"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<q>затылок</q></gloss>, д. <gloss><q>морда</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæmbudtæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼæmbuttæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>морда</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="aer"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>capu<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T153441+0300" comment="этот символ?" id="xky_14n_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111528+0300" parentID="xky_14n_rwb" comment="вроде бы да" flag="done" mid="17"?>ṭ<?oxy_comment_end mid="17"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>a</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>caput</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gumbat</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>купол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼabeti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тучный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼbode</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мыс</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубатка</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>кринка</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>KPN</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ybyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ybyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gubun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>живот</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goban"><w>goban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тюфяк</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbyna"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">gæbyna</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gæbina</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тюфячок</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæpæn"><w>qæpæn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сугроб</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupene</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сугроб</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cupān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубень</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толстуха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>goppan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>большая чаша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубан</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>большая кринка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>кабан</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>глыба</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>копна</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qaban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толстый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>кабан</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qäbän</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>копна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼapʼani</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нагромождение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>груда</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип
|
|||
|
|
<c>KPS</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼymbys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ḱʼymbys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼimbus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лоскут</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тряпка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼobos" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼobos</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка на палке</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>набалдашник</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼubus" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼubus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выступ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вышка</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūpusa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пузырь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>купушек</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>прыщик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>бородавка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gubus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бородавка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T154049+0300" comment="какая-то буква пропущена?" id="jpv_44n_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111932+0300" parentID="jpv_44n_rwb" comment="вроде бы /u/; в одном из словарей (Зайков, Ругоева) нашёл форму kuvas" mid="19"?>kubaš<?oxy_comment_end mid="19"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>буй</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>поплавок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кубышка</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼičʼ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>булыжник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kapič</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мера зерна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼečʼia</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>макушка</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип <c>KBZ</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼabaz"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼabaz</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼabazæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>конечность</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ветвь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gabaz" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gabaz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>конечность</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ветвь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼabūz"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼabūz</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼabozæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>отросток</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæbūz"><w>xæbūz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рябинка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>оспинка</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbaz"><w>gæbaz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лоскут</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обрывок</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>клочок</q></gloss></ref>; тип <c>KPK</c>, <c>TPK</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qoppæg"><w>qoppæg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>плод альпийской лилии</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūbakk" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gūbakk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūbakk" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>gūbakk kænyn</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>окучивать</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>göbäk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пупок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>topuk</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>tobuk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>коленная чашка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лодыжка</q></gloss></mentioned>]; тип
|
|||
|
|
<c>KBX</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼombox" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼombox</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>почка у растений</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύμβαχος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гребень шлема</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupahi-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шапка</q></gloss></mentioned>]. — Идеофоны образуют в каждом языке
|
|||
|
|
обособленную лексическую группу, к которой обычные принципы и приемы этимологизирования
|
|||
|
|
применимы с известными ограничениями. Это касается, в частности, звуковых законов, которые
|
|||
|
|
перекрываются нередко потребностью идеофонической «выразительности». Разумеется, сходные
|
|||
|
|
идеофоны в родственных языках можно и здесь возводить иногда к прототипам. Несомненно
|
|||
|
|
также, что идеофоны могут заимствоваться, как любые другие слова. Но не следует прилагать
|
|||
|
|
слишком много усилий как для установления генетических связей между идеофонами, так и для
|
|||
|
|
выяснения источников и путей заимствования.<note type="footnote">См., например,
|
|||
|
|
пространную статью <bibl><author>Vasmer</author>'а</bibl> под словом <w>куб</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 676–677</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Факты говорят, что созвучные, нередко
|
|||
|
|
идентичные идеофоны могут снова и снова возникать независимо в разных языках, не связанных
|
|||
|
|
ни родством, ни контактами. Поэтому сложные этимологические выкладки в применении к этому
|
|||
|
|
материалу могут оказаться и на деле оказываются пустой тратой времени.<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl> подметил в русском
|
|||
|
|
группу идеофонов; под словом <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>кубел</w></mentioned> он
|
|||
|
|
замечает: «Кубан, кубел, кубец, кубышка, кубарь и пр. напоминают общий корень куб, хотя
|
|||
|
|
он и не наш». Английский словарь <bibl><author>Webster</author>'а</bibl>, приводя
|
|||
|
|
многочисленные значения слова <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>cob</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<gloss><q>толстяк</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>глыба</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>косточка</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>testiculum</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хохолок</q></gloss> и др.)</mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
отмечает: «basic idea: something round or plump».</note> Приведенные выше идеофоны,
|
|||
|
|
«изображающие» впечатление от внешнего облика предметов особыми звуковыми комплексами,
|
|||
|
|
следует отличать от идеофонов, передающих двигательные, световые и иные впечатления, а
|
|||
|
|
также от звукоподражаний. См. нашу статью <bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Мимео-изобразительные слова в осетинском</title></q> (<bibl type="j"><title>Тр. Инст. языкозн.</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1956 VI 409–427</biblScope></bibl>)</bibl>. Из литературы по звуковой
|
|||
|
|
символике: <bibl><author>Hilmer</author>. <title>Schallnachahmung, Wortschöpfung und
|
|||
|
|
Bedeutungswandel</title>. <pubPlace>Halle</pubPlace>, <date>1914</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Oehl</author>. <title>Elementare Wortschöpfung</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Anthropos</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1918 XII–XIII</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<quote><bibl><author>Petersson</author>. <title>Arische und armenische
|
|||
|
|
Studien</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <date>1920</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
47</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ai bimba-... gehört zu
|
|||
|
|
einer bestimmten Kategorie von in den verschiedensten, auch zwischen einander nicht
|
|||
|
|
verwandten Sprachen anzutreffenden Wörtern, die... allerlei gerundete, dicke,
|
|||
|
|
schwellende oder kugelförmige Gegenstände... bezeichnen</q>)</quote>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Grammont</author>. <title>Traité de phonétique</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1950</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
377–424</biblScope></bibl>; idem: <bibl><title>Onomatopées et mots expressifs</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<bibl type="j"><title>Revue des langues romanes</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XLIV 97</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Westermann</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Laut, Ton und Sinn in westafrikanischen Sudansprachen</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Glückstadt—Hamburg</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Fouche</author>. <title>Il rapporto naturale fra suono е idea:
|
|||
|
|
simbolismo fonetico</title>. <bibl type="m"><title>Atti del III congresso
|
|||
|
|
internazionale dei linguisti</title>. <pubPlace>Firenze</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1935</date>, <biblScope>стр. 119 sqq</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Doke</author>. <title>Bantu linguistic terminology</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1935</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<quote><bibl><author>Marchand</author>. <title>Phonetic symbolism in English
|
|||
|
|
wordformation</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T170721+0300" comment="очень странно сделала библ" id="avd_vqn_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T113637+0300" parentID="avd_vqn_rwb" comment="как раз правильно (только во вложенном лучше ставить type=j если журнал и type=m если монография)" flag="done" mid="21"?><bibl type="j"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="21"?>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1959</date>, <biblScope>стр. 147</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Certain sound combinations as k-p, k-b, t-p for
|
|||
|
|
protuberant forms: hill, knob, boss, wart, pimple etc... We can hardly tell what the
|
|||
|
|
symbolism of these sounds is due to, but we cannot possibly deny the
|
|||
|
|
phenomenon</q>)</quote>. — <quote><bibl><author>Bonfante</author>. <title>The
|
|||
|
|
Neolinguistic Position</title>. <title>Language</title>, <biblScope>vol. 23, N 4,
|
|||
|
|
1947</biblScope></bibl>, цит. по русскому переводу в книге:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Звегинцев</author>. <title>Хрестоматия по истории языкознания XIX–XX
|
|||
|
|
веков</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
321</biblScope></bibl> (<q>…младограмматики всегда резко противодействовали новому
|
|||
|
|
направлению звукового символизма. Он приписывает символическую или экспрессивную
|
|||
|
|
значимость определенным звукам... Каждый день дает в изобилии доказательства подобных
|
|||
|
|
экспрессивных образований, и их существование не может отрицать ни один разумный
|
|||
|
|
человек</q>)</quote>. — <quote><bibl><author>Н. Müller</author>. <title>Ехреrimentelle
|
|||
|
|
Beiträge zur Analyse des Verhältnisses von Laut und Sinn</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>, <date>1935</date></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Durch Versuche, die unter Leitung von. Joh. Wittmann am
|
|||
|
|
Psychologiscen Instituht der Universität Kiel gemacht wurden, ist die Auffassung des
|
|||
|
|
Lautsymbolismus m. E. zu unumstösslicher Gewissheit geworden: zwischen der lautlichen
|
|||
|
|
Struktur des Wortes und der physischen der Sache bestehen feste
|
|||
|
|
Beziehungen</q>)</quote>. — <bibl><author>Газов-Гинзберг</author>. <title>Был ли язык
|
|||
|
|
изобразителен в своих истоках?</title>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Журковский</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Идеофоны: сопоставительный анализ (на материале некоторых языков Африки и
|
|||
|
|
Евразии)</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">It would seem that it can be compared with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(Anatolian Turkish)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tümbül</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>round</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1604</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> and recognize it as a
|
|||
|
|
borrowing from Turkic.<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 112</biblScope>)</bibl> compares it to <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>təmməl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>round dough</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note> However, such a decision would
|
|||
|
|
be hasty. Ossetic <oRef>tymbyl</oRef> does not stand alone in the language. It is included
|
|||
|
|
in an extensive group of onomatopoeic words (ideophones),<note type="footnote">The term <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ideophones</q> for a special category of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T190332+0300" comment="в этот момент я понимаю что лепила везде onomatopoeic без разбора"?>pictorial<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
|
|||
|
|
words is accepted by researchers of African languages, where sound symbolism is
|
|||
|
|
widespread. Ideophones arise from the need to convey in a sound image (Lautbild) the
|
|||
|
|
direct impression of an object or action. Ideophones are distinct from onomatopoeia;
|
|||
|
|
they <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">depict</q> not sounds, but appearance, shape,
|
|||
|
|
movement, etc.</note> in which a certain range of meanings (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">round</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">convex</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">swollen</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">protruding</q> etc.) is expressed by certain sound combinations – either by biconsonant
|
|||
|
|
ones like <c>KP</c>, <c>TP</c>, <c>CP</c>,<note type="footnote">In other cases, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">round</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">chubby</q>
|
|||
|
|
etc. is symbolized by words like <c>PP</c>, <c>BB</c>.</note> or by triconsonant ones
|
|||
|
|
like <c>KPL</c>, <c>TPL</c>, <c>CPL</c>, <c>KPR</c>, <c>TPR</c>, <c>CPR</c>, <c>KPN</c>,
|
|||
|
|
<c>TPN</c>, <c>CPN</c> etc. (the third consonant is usually <c>l</c>, <c>r</c>,
|
|||
|
|
<c>n</c>, but also <c>s</c>, <c>t</c> etc.). As the initial consonant, <?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T190722+0300" comment="??"?>stop-glottals<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<c>kʼ</c>, <c>cʼ</c> are readily used as more <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">expressive</q>. The root vowel is usually <c>u</c>, <c>o</c>, sometimes <c>a</c>, less
|
|||
|
|
often <c>e</c>, in individual cases <c>i</c>. Similar ideophones are noted in a wide
|
|||
|
|
variety of languages that are not related either genetically or by areal contacts. Below
|
|||
|
|
are the related Ossetic words; some consonant ideophones from other languages are given in
|
|||
|
|
straight brackets. — The type <c>KP</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼopp"><w>kʼopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wooden bowl</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼoppa"><w>kʼoppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>head</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>top</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gopp"><w>gopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tuft</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>saddle pommel</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T134855+0300" comment="NB нет в словаре"?><w>gobæ</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hornless</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ypp"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ypp</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼupp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hillock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mound</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ypa"><w>kʼ˳ypa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bud</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(of plants)</note></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæpo" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼæpo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>brush</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cuppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>barrel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cup</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cope</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cappa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cabo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cape</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gop</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>beak</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cup</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>cob</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
etc., <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cop</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kopf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Kaupe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tuft</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Koppe</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kuppe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>káupas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kúopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kãpas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>grave</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dune</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heap</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191154+0300" comment="вообще надо в русской версии разбить на три mentd..."?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kub</w>, <w>kubok</w>, <w>kubyshka</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumbhas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύμβη</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>köb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191223+0300" comment="?"?>bellied<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
vessel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>kub</w>, <w>kup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>jug</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kwabi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼubo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>coffin</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>measure of grain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kübi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>barrel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύβη</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>κύβος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dice</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gomba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mushroom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>gomb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>button</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kǎmpa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mushroom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">gomba</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>guba</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mushroom</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumba-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bone thickening</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>type of women’s
|
|||
|
|
hairstyle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gum̃bas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>elevation</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>outgrowth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gobba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumpu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>koppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>box</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kuppa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bubble</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sheaf</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kuppi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cup</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>goiter</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>head of cabbage</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobə</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ladle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qopa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowl</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>goblet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>kübä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>convex</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>jug</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kambu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sink</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>quba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dome</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hbo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>köba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>helmet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼe</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼob</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ladle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blister</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaufa</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mountain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūb</w>, <w>kwab</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type <c>TP</c>, <c>CP</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼūpp"><w>cʼūpp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼopp" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼopp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wool</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>top</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čʼobi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hair</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čʼopʼi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191618+0300" comment="?"?>high<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
hat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><phr>čʼopʼiani kudi</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼūpp"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T145422+0300" comment="прям č? на что хреф?" id="wpl_qfl_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T033525+0300" parentID="wpl_qfl_rwb" comment="действительно странно č, в словаре ц (цупп)" mid="29"?>čʼūpp<?oxy_comment_end mid="29"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></ref><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūd"/></phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191622+0300" comment="?"?>peaked<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
hat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191639+0300" comment="или здесь не такая транслитерация?"?>chub<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čub</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>czub</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chepec</w>, <w>chop</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plug</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191733+0300" comment="???????/ втулка
|
|||
|
|
и ниже"?>spigot<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>czop</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>csap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Zapf</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plug</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spigot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Topp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mast top</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><w>Zopf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>braid</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hair</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tʼup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191843+0300" comment="шкура - или pelt?"?>skin<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tʼub</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>finger</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čöp</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>chip</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>small bone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>top</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ball</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T191933+0300" comment="это ядро или нет?"?>cannonball<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tömb</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>boar</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lump</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bale</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>roll</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pack</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuba</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tube</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tup</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tail</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>töbe</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>tepe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>chip</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type <c>KPL</c>, <c>TPL</c>, <c>CPL</c>:
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>beetroot</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ball-shaped mass of fresh cheese</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ymbyl</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">qumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ball</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>thread ball for decorating a bashlyk, dress,
|
|||
|
|
weapon</q></gloss></ref>, <oRef>tymbyl</oRef> | <oRef>tumbul</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<q>round</q>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qambul"><w>qambūl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>convex</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qabolæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qabolæ</w>, <phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_sær">særi</ref> qabolæ</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>scull</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūbal"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼubal</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼobalæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>neck</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>head</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T192135+0300" comment="?? выше головку просто как head перевела"?><gloss><q>small
|
|||
|
|
head</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ymbīl"><w>kʼ˳ymbīl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybyloj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybyloj</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubulojnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ball (of string)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tubulon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tubulon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>round</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tubulojnæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>tubulojnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>round flour basket</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼybyla"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ḱʼybyla</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼibila</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tub</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbæl"><w>kʼæbæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T192257+0300" comment="все еще хз втулка"?>spigot<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plug</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spool</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæppæl"><w>gæppæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>scrap</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>piece</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>patch</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæppæl" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qæppæl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>clothes</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæppal"><w>tæppal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>blister</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>callus</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæppolæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xæppolæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>inflated</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæpyloj"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xæpyloj</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xæppil</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>blister</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūpal"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cūpal</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">copalæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bunch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cluster</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼupxali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bunch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>kʼmbilai</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gimp button on a women’s dress</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼumbi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gimp button on a women’s dress</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼuli</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>saddlebow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bump on the handle of a
|
|||
|
|
gun</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tüppalg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spool</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ball</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čopilg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>button</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><w>kʼopilg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>box</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T192534+0300" comment="NB поправить в русском лишний апостроф"?>s<?oxy_comment_end ?>ilver
|
|||
|
|
circles on the belt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tupəl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ball (of string)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tupʼal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qombul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spherical button</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ball (of
|
|||
|
|
string)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qumbul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bundle</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cluster</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>small
|
|||
|
|
button</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qambyl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tümbül</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>round</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>tombalak</w>, <w>topalak</w>, <w>tomalak</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>round</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spherical</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>t<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T150928+0300" comment="эта буква?" id="wrh_1gl_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T033818+0300" parentID="wrh_1gl_rwb" comment="на вид да, хотя обычно у Абаева с нижним подчёркиванием. Надо проверить" mid="39"?>ḥ<?oxy_comment_end mid="39"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>ämbəl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pulmo</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tāval</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>blister</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kùbilas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kübel</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>vat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύπελλον</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobel</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dry measure</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kbel</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bucket</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gebal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>skull</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Giebel</w>, <w>Gipfel</w>, <w>Zipfel</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tip</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (with other
|
|||
|
|
related Germanic words), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κεφαλή</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kambala-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wool blanket</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="brh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gappal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gapal</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>piece</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="it"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cupola</w></mentioned> → <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kuppel</w></mentioned> →
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T192817+0300" comment="а здесь типа нужен общий перевод что ли?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupol</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cuppula</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>small barrel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼombali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>club</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coboli</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plug</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼal</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mace</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼampəlä</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T192851+0300" comment="какой волчок?"?>spinning
|
|||
|
|
top<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>, <gloss><q>acorn</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qväbäl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ha"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kubul</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>about a round and small object</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cobble</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kampela</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flounder</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">round
|
|||
|
|
fish</q>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupla</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bubble</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kupula</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>koppelo</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopano</w>, <w>kope</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hollow object</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gomola</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gomolja</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ymbyl" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>gumbul</w></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump of fresh cheese</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>komolyj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hornless</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type <c>KPR</c>, <c>TPR</c>,
|
|||
|
|
<c>CPR</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hillock</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ybyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ybyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gubur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hunched</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yppyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳yppyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">guppur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>inflated</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>important</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūppar" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>guppar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæbyræǧ"><w>xæbyræǧ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193140+0300" comment="?"?>gaff<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_typpyr" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>typpyr</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>inflated</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>convex</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_typpyr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuppur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mound</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbur" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼæbur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>rocky ledge</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼembur" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼembur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193216+0300" comment="или snout?"?>muzzle<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼ0ybar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼ˳ybar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼubaræ</w>, <w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼuboræ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ball</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_guboræ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>guboræ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>small pie</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæppær"><w>cæppær</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>button</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kubri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pies fried in oil</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>kubar'</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spinning top</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>chaburok</w>, <w>chapurok</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>a wooden ball at the end of a rope to which boats are
|
|||
|
|
tied</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><w>chabarka</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>chaparka</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cup</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>csupor</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mug</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gum̃bras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cȩpure</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kepùré</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuber</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kibiras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">= Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼybyla" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>kʼibila</w></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tub</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Kober</w>, <w>Koffer</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>box</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūbaṛ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūbara-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>humpbacked</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũbras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kauburs</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuprà</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kaũpras</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193441+0300" comment="бугор? и след слово"?>mound<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kũbrỹs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mound</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193504+0300" comment="в прошлый раз я перевела здесь курган как mound как раз"?>barrow<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>kuburỹs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top of the mountain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gabur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>neck</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qabar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>blister</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼuri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>kind of bast shoes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qumbara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bomb</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qambur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tömör</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>massive</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>tompor</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193546+0300" comment="или thigh?"?>hip<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="hu"><w>csoport</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>group</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupera</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>convex</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><w>kopare</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>kopero</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heap</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bunch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cluster</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type
|
|||
|
|
<c>KPT</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbæt" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gæbæt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>waterskin</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gobat</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>gobat kænun</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spud</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gebeta" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gebeta</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pot-bellied</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbūt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼæbūt</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼæbot</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss xml:lang="os-x-iron"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111447+0300" comment="я всё-таки сделал lang и иронскую глоссу"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<q>back of the head</q></gloss>, Digor
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193706+0300" comment="или snout? и далее"?>muzzle<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæmbudtæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼæmbuttæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>muzzle</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="aer"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>capu<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T153441+0300" comment="этот символ?" id="xky_14n_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111528+0300" parentID="xky_14n_rwb" comment="вроде бы да" flag="done" mid="50"?>ṭ<?oxy_comment_end mid="50"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>a</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>caput</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gumbat</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dome</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼabeti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼbode</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T193751+0300" comment="ну и какой это мыс...."?>foreland<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kubatka</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>jug</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type <c>KPN</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0ybyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">g˳ybyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gubun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_goban"><w>goban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mattress</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbyna"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">gæbyna</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">gæbina</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mattress</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæpæn"><w>qæpæn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>snowdrift</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupene</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>snowdrift</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cupān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuben'</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat woman</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>goppan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>big bowl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kuban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>big jug</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kaban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kopna</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stack</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qaban</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>boar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qäbän</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stack</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼapʼani</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>conglomeration</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type
|
|||
|
|
<c>KPS</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱʼymbys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ḱʼymbys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼimbus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>patch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rag</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼobos" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼobos</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bump on a stick</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>knob</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼubus" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼubus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ledge</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tower</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūpusa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T194037+0300" comment="этот пузырь? и выше где-то тоже было здесь"?>bubble<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupushek</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pimple</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wart</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gubus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wart</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T154049+0300" comment="какая-то буква пропущена?" id="jpv_44n_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T111932+0300" parentID="jpv_44n_rwb" comment="вроде бы /u/; в одном из словарей (Зайков, Ругоева) нашёл форму kuvas" mid="54"?>kubaš<?oxy_comment_end mid="54"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>buoy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>float</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kubyshka</w>
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T194123+0300" comment="????"?><gloss><q>capsule</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼičʼ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cobblestone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kapič</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>measure of grain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼopʼečʼia</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>top of the head</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type <c>KBZ</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼabaz"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼabaz</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼabazæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>limb</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gabaz" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gabaz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>limb</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼabūz"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">kʼabūz</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kʼabozæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>outgrowth</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæbūz"><w>xæbūz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pockmark</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gæbaz"><w>gæbaz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>patch</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>snippet</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>scrap</q></gloss></ref>; the type <c>KPK</c>, <c>TPK</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qoppæg"><w>qoppæg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>alpine lily fruit</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūbakk" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gūbakk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pile</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gūbakk" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><phr>gūbakk kænyn</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spud</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>göbäk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>navel</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>topuk</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>tobuk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>kneecap</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ankle</q></gloss></mentioned>]; the type
|
|||
|
|
<c>KBX</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼombox" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼombox</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plant bud</q></gloss></ref> [<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>κύμβαχος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>helmet crest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kupahi-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hat</q></gloss></mentioned>]. — Ideophones form a separate lexical group in
|
|||
|
|
each language, to which the usual principles and techniques of etymologization are
|
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|
|
applicable with known limitations. This applies, in particular, to sound laws, which are
|
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|
|
often overlapped by the need for ideophonic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">expressiveness</q>. Of course, similar ideophones in related languages can sometimes be
|
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|
|
traced here to prototypes. It is also certain that ideophones can be borrowed like any
|
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|
|
other words. But one should not make too much effort both to establish genetic links
|
|||
|
|
between ideophones, and to clarify the sources and ways of borrowing.<note type="footnote">See, for example, the lengthy article by <bibl><author>Vasmer</author></bibl> under the
|
|||
|
|
word <w>kub</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 676–677</biblScope></bibl>).</note> The facts show that consonant, often
|
|||
|
|
identical, ideophones can appear again and again independently in different languages, not
|
|||
|
|
related by either kinship or contacts. Therefore, complex etymological calculations when
|
|||
|
|
applied to this material can and do turn out to be a waste of time.<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl> noticed a group of ideophones in
|
|||
|
|
Russian; under the word <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>kubel</w></mentioned> he notices: <cit>
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T194824+0300" comment="и в русском сделать cit и quote?"?>
|
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|
|
<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Kuban, kubel, kubec, kubyshka, kubar' etc.
|
|||
|
|
resemble a common root kub, although it is not ours</q></quote><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>. The English dictionary by <bibl><author>Webster</author></bibl>, giving multiple
|
|||
|
|
meanings of the word<mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>cob</w> (<gloss><q>fat man</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>lump</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>pile</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>small
|
|||
|
|
bone</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>testiculum</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tuft</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
etc.)</mentioned>, notes:
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T195015+0300" comment="а это надо цитатой?"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">basic idea: something round or
|
|||
|
|
plump</q><?oxy_comment_end ?>.</note> The above ideophones, which <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">depict</q> the impression of the external appearance of
|
|||
|
|
objects with special sound complexes, should be distinguished from ideophones that
|
|||
|
|
transmit motor, light and other impressions, as well as from onomatopoeia. See my paper
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Mimeo-izobrazitelʼnye slova v
|
|||
|
|
osetinskom</title> [Mimeo-figurative words in Ossetic]</q> (<bibl type="j"><title>Trudy Instituta jazykoznanija</title> [Proceedings of the Institute of
|
|||
|
|
Linguistics]. <biblScope>1956 VI 409–427</biblScope></bibl>)</bibl>. From
|
|||
|
|
the literature on sound symbolism: <bibl><author>Hilmer</author>. <title>Schallnachahmung,
|
|||
|
|
Wortschöpfung und Bedeutungswandel</title>. <pubPlace>Halle</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1914</date></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Oehl</author>. <title>Elementare
|
|||
|
|
Wortschöpfung</title>. <bibl type="j"><title>Anthropos</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1918 XII–XIII</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<quote><bibl><author>Petersson</author>. <title>Arische und armenische
|
|||
|
|
Studien</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>, <date>1920</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
47</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ai bimba-... gehört zu
|
|||
|
|
einer bestimmten Kategorie von in den verschiedensten, auch zwischen einander nicht
|
|||
|
|
verwandten Sprachen anzutreffenden Wörtern, die... allerlei gerundete, dicke,
|
|||
|
|
schwellende oder kugelförmige Gegenstände... bezeichnen</q>)</quote>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Grammont</author>. <title>Traité de phonétique</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1950</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
377–424</biblScope></bibl>; idem: <bibl><title>Onomatopées et mots expressifs</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<bibl type="j"><title>Revue des langues romanes</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XLIV 97</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Westermann</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Laut, Ton und Sinn in westafrikanischen Sudansprachen</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Glückstadt—Hamburg</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Fouche</author>. <title>Il rapporto naturale fra suono e idea:
|
|||
|
|
simbolismo fonetico</title>. <bibl type="m"><title>Atti del III congresso
|
|||
|
|
internazionale dei linguisti</title>. <pubPlace>Firenze</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1935</date>, <biblScope>p. 119 sqq</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Doke</author>. <title>Bantu linguistic terminology</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1935</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<quote><bibl><author>Marchand</author>. <title>Phonetic symbolism in English
|
|||
|
|
wordformation</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221213T170721+0300" comment="очень странно сделала библ" id="avd_vqn_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230303T113637+0300" parentID="avd_vqn_rwb" comment="как раз правильно (только во вложенном лучше ставить type=j если журнал и type=m если монография)" flag="done" mid="59"?><bibl type="j"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="59"?>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1959</date>, <biblScope>p. 147</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Certain sound combinations as k-p, k-b, t-p for
|
|||
|
|
protuberant forms: hill, knob, boss, wart, pimple etc... We can hardly tell what the
|
|||
|
|
symbolism of these sounds is due to, but we cannot possibly deny the
|
|||
|
|
phenomenon</q>)</quote>. — <quote><bibl><author>Bonfante</author>. <title>The
|
|||
|
|
Neolinguistic Position</title>. <title>Language</title>, <biblScope>vol. 23, N 4,
|
|||
|
|
1947</biblScope></bibl>, cit. according to Russian translation in the book:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Zvegincev</author>. <title>Xrestomatija po istorii jazykoznanija
|
|||
|
|
XIX–XX vekov</title> [Reader on the history of linguistics of the 19th–20th
|
|||
|
|
centuries]. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1956</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
321</biblScope></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Neo-Grammarians
|
|||
|
|
have always sharply opposed the new trend of sound symbolism. It ascribes symbolic or
|
|||
|
|
expressive significance to certain sounds… Every day provides abundant evidence of
|
|||
|
|
such expressive formations, and their existence cannot be denied by any reasonable
|
|||
|
|
person.</q><note type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">…младограмматики всегда резко противодействовали новому
|
|||
|
|
направлению звукового символизма. Он приписывает символическую или экспрессивную
|
|||
|
|
значимость определенным звукам... Каждый день дает в изобилии доказательства подобных
|
|||
|
|
экспрессивных образований, и их существование не может отрицать ни один разумный
|
|||
|
|
человек</q></note>)</quote>. — <quote><bibl><author>H. Müller</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Experimentelle Beiträge zur Analyse des Verhältnisses von Laut und
|
|||
|
|
Sinn</title>. <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>, <date>1935</date></bibl> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Durch Versuche, die unter Leitung von. Joh. Wittmann am
|
|||
|
|
Psychologiscen Instituht der Universität Kiel gemacht wurden, ist die Auffassung des
|
|||
|
|
Lautsymbolismus m. E. zu unumstösslicher Gewissheit geworden: zwischen der lautlichen
|
|||
|
|
Struktur des Wortes und der physischen der Sache bestehen feste
|
|||
|
|
Beziehungen</q>)</quote>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Gazov-Gin<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T195453+0300" comment="не z?"?>s<?oxy_comment_end ?>berg</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Byl li jazyk izobrazitelen v svoix istokax?</title> [Was language pictorial in its
|
|||
|
|
origins?]
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Žurkovskij</author>. <title>Ideofony: sopostavitelʼnyj analiz (na
|
|||
|
|
materiale nekotoryx jazykov Afriki i Evrazii)</title> [Ideophones: comparative analysis (based
|
|||
|
|
on some languages of Africa and Eurasia)]. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1968</date></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|