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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_tyzmæg.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tyzmæg</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_tyzmæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d1252e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tyzmæg</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tuzmæg</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1252e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сердитый</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>angry</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>гневный</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>wrathful</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>суровый</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>harsh</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>грозный</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>fearsome</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmægæj</oRef> mæm ma kæs, mæ fydy
zærond</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не смотри на меня сурово, мой старик отец</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not look at me sternly, my old father</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nīk˳y ʒy feq˳ystoj wajʒæf,
<oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> nyxas</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никогда не слышали от него упрека, гневного
слова</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have never heard a reproach or an angry word
from him</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zon, kæd <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> mæxī daryn,
wæddær dæm mæsty næ dæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">знай, хоть я держусь (с тобой) сурово, все же я
на тебя не сержусь</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">know that even though I am being harsh (with
you), I am still not angry with you</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">amydta īw rævdawgæ wæd, <oRef>tyzmægæj</oRef>
wæd je ʽvsymæræn Salǵenyq</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то ласково, то гневно поучал своего брата
Салдженык</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Saldzhenyk lectured his brother sometimes
affectionately, sometimes angrily</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza jæ ūsmæ bynton
<oRef>ystyzmæg</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза стал особенно суров к своей жене</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza became especially harsh to his wife</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ fyd mænæn wydīs <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef>
læg</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отец у меня был человек суровый</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my father was a tough man</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
<biblScope>124</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zaǧta: dæ bon xorz, <oRef>tyzmæg</oRef>
ūspadcax!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молвил: здравствуй, грозная царица</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he said: greetings, oh mighty Tsaritsa!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
<title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
<biblScope>стр. 173</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 173</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> qaggænǵytæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">грозная стража</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grim guards</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
<title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
<biblScope>стр. 173</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 173</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> ulæntæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сердитые волны</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">angry waters</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T204210+0300" comment="сос лажа"?>Пушкин<?oxy_comment_end ?></author>.
<title>Уацмыстæ</title>. <pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>,
<biblScope>стр. 174</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Pushkin</author>. <title>Uacmystæ</title>. <pubPlace>Dzaudzhikau
</pubPlace>, <date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 174</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализованное причастие на <m>-æg</m> от <mentioned xml:lang="os"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T202429+0300" comment="ок ос. mntnd?"?><w type="rec">tyzmyn</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
<gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
<biblScope>§ 110, 169<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I
1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Глагол <w type="rec">tyzmyn</w> в
спрягаемых формах в иронском не засвидетельствован, но д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> хорошо документировано. Развитие значения (<q>спешащий</q>,
<q>быстрый</q> → <q>вспыльчивый</q>, <q>сердитый</q>) находит надежные аналогии в других
языках. Так, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>hasty</w>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(от <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>hasten</w>
<gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note> означает не только
<gloss><q>поспешный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss>, но также
<gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quick to anger</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
<biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang>Ав.</lang>
<w>aešma-</w>
<gloss><q>ярость</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">образовано от <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>aeš-</w>
<gloss><q>приходить в быстрое движение</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>31,
35–36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_turg" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>turg</w>
<gloss><q>сердитый</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>türge(n)</w>
<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w>naglъ</w>
<gloss><q>поспешный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned> при
<mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
<w>náhlý</w>
<gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>náhlost</w>
<gloss><q>furor</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
<w>naprasat</w>
<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><w>náprasit</w>
<gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>резкий</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>грубый</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Этимология 1964</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
<date>1965</date>, <biblScope>стр. 27, 30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;
<mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>ǰengil</w>
<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вспыльчивый</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>сердитый</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Об этимологических связях ос.
<oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_2"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Adyar Library
Bulletin</title>
<biblScope>XXV 5</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">A lexicalized <m>-æg</m>-participle from <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">tyzmyn</w>
<gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
<biblScope>§ 110, 169<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I
1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Conjugated forms of the verb <w type="rec">tyzmyn</w> is not attested in Iron, but Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> is well documented. The meaning development (<q>hurrying</q>,
<q>fast</q> → <q>hot-tempered</q>, <q>angry</q>) has reliable analogies in other
languages. For example, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>hasty</w>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>hasten</w></mentioned>)</note> means not only
<gloss><q>hurried</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss>, but also
<gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quick to anger</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Buck"/>
<biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>aešma-</w>
<gloss><q>fury</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">is derived from
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>aeš-</w>
<gloss><q>come into rapid motion</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>31, 35–36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
Cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_turg" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>turg</w>
<gloss><q>angry</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>türge(n)</w>
<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w>naglъ</w>
<gloss><q>hasty</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
<w>náhlý</w>
<gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><w>náhlost</w>
<gloss><q>furor</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
<w>naprasat</w>
<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><w>náprasit</w>
<gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>harsh</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>rude</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Ètimologija 1964</title>,
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>p. 27,
30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>ǰengil</w>
<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hot-tempered</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>angry</q></gloss></mentioned>. — On the etymological connections of Ossetic
<oRef>tyzmæg</oRef> see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuzmun"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tynʒyn_2"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Adyar Library
Bulletin</title>
<biblScope>XXV 5</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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