234 lines
18 KiB
XML
234 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wærdyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wærdyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d4942e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wærdyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>wærst</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wærdun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>wærst</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4942e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>валять</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (войлок, бурку, сукно)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (войлок, бурку, сукно)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to felt</q>
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<note type="comment"> (wool, cloak, cloth)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Работа производилась женщинами путем катания войлока,
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сукна на земле локтями, была одной из наиболее тяжелых женских занятий; сопровождалась
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особой песней <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onaj</q> (варианты см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 334—338</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The work was performed by women through rolling
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231111T003325+0300" comment="войлок"?>wool<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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cloth on the ground with their elbows, it was one of the hardest kinds of work performed
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by women; it was accompanied by the special song <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onaj</q> (see variants in: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 334—338</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æryncad næ wyd (sylgojmægtæn) tyn wafynæj,
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tyn <oRef>wærdynæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(женщины) без устали ткали сукна, валяли
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сукна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(women) weaved cloth, felted cloth without
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rest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1962 VII 66</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nymættæ arsy q˳ynæj <oRef>wærstoj</oRef>,
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ærkʼītæ sagʒarmæj x˳ydtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бурки они валяли из медвежьей шерсти, (обувь)
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арчи шили из оленьей шкуры</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they felted the cloaks from bear wool, sewed
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the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærḱʼī"><foreign>ærchi</foreign></ref> shoes from
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deer wool</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1958 III 17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">onaj, jæ onaj, awærdūt <oRef>wærdǵytæ</oRef>,
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onaj, jæ onaj, ūsgūry nymæt ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">онай, эй онай, поваляйте, валяльщицы, онай, эй
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онай, (эта) бурка (предназначена) для жениха</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><foreign>onay, hey, onay</foreign>, felt, you
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felters, <foreign>onay, hey, onay</foreign>, (this) felt cloak (is destined) to the
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bridegroom</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 335</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nimæt <oRef>wærduni</oRef> zar</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">песня валяния бурки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">song of felting a cloak</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 338</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">biccew, coqajagæj dæ bærgæ iværzton, fal mæ
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tunæ <oRef>wærdgæj</oRef> mælæti qæbær bawadæj æma din si ku necibal ærxawa omæj
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tærsun</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мальчик, я обещал тебе материал на черкеску, но
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мое сукно при валянии очень сильно село, и боюсь, что тебе из него ничего уже не
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достанется</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">boy, I promised you material, but my fabric has
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shrunk a lot during felting, and I am afraid that nothing will come to you from it
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now</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">со слов Т.
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<name>Бесаева</name></biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the words of T.
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<name>Besaev</name></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>) <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
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полагал, что основное значение глагола — <gloss><q>размягчать</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rendre mou, souple, par pressions
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répétées</q></gloss>). Это неточно. В процессе валяния шерсть не размягчается, а
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уплотняется. Правильнее исходить из характерных для процесса катательных движений.
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Соответствующий по значению германский глагол, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>wealcan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>walken</w></mentioned> обозначает <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ein
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rollendes, walzendes Hin- und Herbewegen</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kluge-Götze"/>
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<biblScope>668</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. А это при разъяснении ос.
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<oRef/> без натяжки приводит нас к хорошо известной базе <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>wert-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>вертеть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вращать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>катать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Приведем только некоторые соответствия:
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gardīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>вращаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>wεrt-</w>
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<gloss><q>мешать белье при стирке</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>11 549</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
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<biblScope>1961, стр. 244<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">46</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w>
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<note type="comment">в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>prwrt-</w>
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<gloss><q>вращаться</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>varət-</w>
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<gloss><q>вращать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vart-</w>, <w>vartati</w>
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<gloss><q>вращаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartayati</w>
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<gloss><q>приводить во вращательное движение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>vratiti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>вертеть</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>vártýti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>vertere</w></mentioned> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1156—1157</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. — Эта же база представлена в
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осетинском с различными превербами: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærdyn"><w>æwwærdyn</w></ref>
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<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">æm-wærdyn</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231111T002704+0300" comment="не стал включать в ссылку т.к. она будет слишком длинной"?><gloss><q>мять</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>растирать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>массировать</q> (например, лошадь, тренируя
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ее к скачкам)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nywærdyn"><w>nywærdyn</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ni-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>кутать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwærdun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>læwærdun</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>fra-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>разворотить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разрывать</q></gloss></ref> (? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 104</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также производные <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"><w>wærdon</w>
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<gloss><q>арба</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdæx"><w>wærdæx</w>
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<gloss><q>скрученный прут</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>) <biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
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believed that the main meanings of the verb is <gloss><q>soften</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rendre mou, souple, par pressions
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répétées</q></gloss>). This is imprecise. In the process of felting the wool is not
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softened, but made more dense. It is more correct to consider the rolling movements
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characteristic for this process. The semantically corresponding Germanic verb,
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>wealcan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>walken</w></mentioned> means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ein
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rollendes, walzendes Hin- und Herbewegen</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kluge-Götze"/>
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<biblScope>668</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. When explaining Ossetic
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<oRef/>, this leads us with no stretch to the well-known stem <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>wert-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>to turn</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>roll</q></gloss></mentioned>. Some of the correspondences are: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gardīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>rotate</q>
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(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231111T004358+0300" comment="?"?>intr.<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>wεrt-</w>
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<gloss><q>knead (in washing clothes)</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>11 549</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/>
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<biblScope>1961, p. 244<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">46</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w>
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<note type="comment">in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>prwrt-</w>
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<gloss><q>rotate</q>
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(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231111T004354+0300" comment="?"?>intr.<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>varət-</w>
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<gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vart-</w>, <w>vartati</w>
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<gloss><q>rotate</q> (intr.)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartayati</w>
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<gloss><q>put into turning motion</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>vratiti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>vertetʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>vártýti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>vertere</w></mentioned> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1156—1157</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. — The same base is represented in
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Ossetic with various preverbs: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æwwærdyn"><w>æwwærdyn</w></ref>
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<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">æm-wærdyn</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ham-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231111T002704+0300" comment="не стал включать в ссылку т.к. она будет слишком длинной"?><gloss><q>rumple</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>griend</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>massage</q> (e.g. a horse, when training it
|
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for racing)</gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nywærdyn"><w>nywærdyn</w>
|
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ni-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
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<gloss><q>wrap</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwærdun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>læwærdun</w>
|
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>fra-wart-</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
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<gloss><q>turn upside down</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to tear</q></gloss></ref> (?
|
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
|
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<biblScope>II 104</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also derivates <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdon"><w>wærdon</w>
|
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<gloss><q>cart</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdæx"><w>wærdæx</w>
|
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<gloss><q>twisted twig</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._Oss."/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
|
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|
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</entry>
|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|