565 lines
36 KiB
XML
565 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wæzdan</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wæzdan" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d4147e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wæzdan</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wezdon</orth><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdon</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>jezdon</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdan</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4147e69" n="1">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>человек благородного сословия</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>man of noble estate</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дворянин</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>nobleman</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>уздень</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>uzden'</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Edelmann</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Edelmann</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благородный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>noble</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благовоспитанный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>genteel</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>учтивый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>courteous</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вежливый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>polite</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>изысканный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>refined</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>изящный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>elegant</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>wæzdanad</orth><form type="variant"><orth>wæzdanʒīnad</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">благородство</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nobility</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>учтивость</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>courtesy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — В феодальной Осетии <oRef/>’ы занимали среднее
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положение между алдарами-князьями, с одной стороны, и простыми крестьянами — с другой. В
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феодальной иерархии их положение соответствовало примерно армянским <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, грузинским <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, кабардинским <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>work</w></mentioned>. После монгольских нашествий с их катастрофическими
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последствиями для Осетии (Алании) сословные различия утратили былое значение. Но вплоть до
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революции в каждом из ущелий Осетии было несколько фамилий, претендовавших на звание
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<oRef/> и пользовавшихся известными признанными царской властью привилегиями (см.:
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<bibl><author>Скитский</author>. <title>Очерки по истории осетинского народа</title>.
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<pubPlace>Дзауджикау</pubPlace>, <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>стр. 88—100,
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149—160</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — In feudal Ossetia <oRef/>s held the middle position
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between princes-ældars on the one hand and ordinary people from the other. In feudal
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hierarchy their status corresponded roughly to the one of Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, Georgian <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>aznavakʼan</w></mentioned>, Kabardian <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><w>work</w></mentioned>. After the Mongol invasions with their catastrophic
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consequences for Ossetia (Alania) the estate distinctions lost their former importance.
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But until the Revolution, in every Ossetian gorge there were some families who claimed to
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the title <oRef/> and enjoyed certain privileges, acknowledged by royal power (see:
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<bibl><author>Skitskij</author>. <title>Očerki po istorii osetinskogo naroda</title>
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[<title>The essays about history of the Ossetian people</title>].
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<pubPlace>Dzaudžikau</pubPlace>, <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>p. 88—100,
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149—160</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qobany <oRef>wæzdætty</oRef> tyxmitæj Bætæjy
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fyrttæ nal færæztoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от насилий кобанских узденей изнемогли сыновья
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Бата</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from oppressions of Qoban noblemen Bæt's sons
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were exhausted</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Зар."/>
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<biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">myggagæj mæ ma færs — <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> læg
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næ dæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не спрашивай меня о (моем) роде — я не из
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благородных</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't ask me about (my) family — I'm not a
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nobleman</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> myggag...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наш благородный род...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our noble family...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wæzdan</oRef> æmæ sawlæg īw
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yswyʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">уздень и простолюдин (<q>черный человек</q>)
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сравняются</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nobleman and commoner (<q>black man</q>) will
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be equal</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 54</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīstæræn dywwæ ūsy wydī; sæ īw
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<oRef>wæzdan</oRef>, īnnæ ta kūsæg us</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у старшего (брата) было две жены; (из них) одна
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— благородная, другая — рабыня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elder (brother) had two wives; one (of them
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was) noble, the other (was) a slave</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 83</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Baʒaj Borxati — racærgæ læg, muggagæj
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<oRef>wezdon</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бадзай Борхаев — пожилой человек, по роду
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уздень</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Badzaj Borkhaev is an elderly man, by his
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family (he's) a nobleman</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
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<biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧæzdug æmæ xumætægi Cærugtæ cæ ædulijæn
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<oRef>wezdon</oRef> fal mægur Borxati ewnæg ræsuǧd kizgæ Xan-Gwassi kud kurdtoncæ,
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oj æmbesond</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рассказ о том, как богатые, но простые (не
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знатные) Царуговы сватали для своего дурачка (сына) единственную красавицу дочь
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Хан-Гуассу благородных, но бедных Борхаевых</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the tale about how rich but common (not noble)
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Tsærugovs proposed for their little fool (son) the marriage with Khan-Gwass, the
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only beautiful daughter of noble, but poor Borkhaevs</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
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<biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">....bæxbæl Ʒasbolat (ældar), fæste
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<oRef>wæzdantæ</oRef> rænǧitæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...на коне (князь) Дзасболат, позади рядами
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уздени</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...on the horse (is prince) Dzasbolat, behind
|
|||
|
|
him (there are) rows of noblemen</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd xærægyl sarǧ næ fīdawy, aftæ sawlægyl
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>wæzdanad</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как ослу не идет седло, так простолюдину
|
|||
|
|
дворянство</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">like a saddle doesn't fit a donkey, this way
|
|||
|
|
nobility (doesn't fit) a commoner</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>8<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">32</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bazzad Inal dær razyjæ jæ læppūtæj — īw sæ sæ
|
|||
|
|
īnnæjæ sagdær, <oRef>wæzdandær</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">остался и Инал доволен своими сыновьями — один
|
|||
|
|
другого мужественней, благовоспитанней</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Inal also remained satisfied with his sons —
|
|||
|
|
one braver, more genteel than another</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>136</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iron læg xælcyl <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> ū;
|
|||
|
|
stongæj dær jæxī ūromy</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осетин в отношении еды благовоспитан; и будучи
|
|||
|
|
голоден, он себя сдерживает</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an Ossetian is genteel with respect to food;
|
|||
|
|
and being hungry he restrains himself</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1962</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>X 67</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Vano sabyr, <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> æmæ æmbargæ
|
|||
|
|
adæjmag ū</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Вано — тихий, благовоспитанный и рассудительный
|
|||
|
|
человек</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Vano is a quiet, genteel and reasonable
|
|||
|
|
person</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1961</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 22</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wæzdan</oRef> ʒwapp...</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вежливый ответ...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a polite response...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1950</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VII 38</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xetæg ma īsk˳y næ ardta <oRef>wæzdan</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
ʒyrd!</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хетаг ли не находил когда-либо учтивое
|
|||
|
|
слово!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">has Xetæg ever lacked a courteous word!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qamajy særyl <oRef>wæzdan</oRef> xæst
|
|||
|
|
nykkodta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он взялся изящно за рукоять кинжала</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he elegantly took up the handle of the
|
|||
|
|
dagger</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd <oRef>wæzdanæj</oRef> simdtam</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как изящно мы плясали <foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_simd">симд</ref></foreign></q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how elegantly were we dancing <foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_simd">simd</ref></foreign></q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>wæzdanʒinady</oRef> tyxxæj dyn dæ
|
|||
|
|
kʼūx dykkag xatt īsyn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за твое благородное поведение я жму второй раз
|
|||
|
|
твою руку</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for your noble behavior I shake your hand the
|
|||
|
|
second time</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>147</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kud ajtæ? — farsta
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>wæzdanæj</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как живете? — спрашивал он учтиво</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how is your life? —asked he courtously</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Соответствующий социальный термин находим в некоторых тюркских языках
|
|||
|
|
Кавказа: <mentioned xml:lang="kum" extralang="krc-x-karachay nog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özden</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özden</w>, <w>özdön</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>уздень</q></gloss>, также <gloss><q>вежливый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>воспитанный</q></gloss></mentioned>. В рукописных материалах <name>Вс.
|
|||
|
|
Миллера</name> приводится — со ссылкой на <name>Радлова</name> — <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>öздäн</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">von hohem Geschlechte</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Grønbech</author> (<title>Komanisches Wörterbuch</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1942</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
186</biblScope>)</bibl> дает <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özden</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>frei</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>adlig</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако
|
|||
|
|
заимствование из этих языков маловероятно по следующим причинам: 1) слово известно только
|
|||
|
|
тем тюркским народам, которые имеют или имели контакты с осетинами (аланами), — кумыкам,
|
|||
|
|
ногайцам, балкарцам, карачаевцам, куманам; 2) на тюркской почве слово не
|
|||
|
|
этимологизируется; в словарях <name>Räsänen</name>’а, <name>Clauson</name>’а и
|
|||
|
|
<name>Севортяна</name> слово полностью отсутствует; в словаре <name>Радлова</name>
|
|||
|
|
единственное созвучное слово <w>öздäн</w> (с пометой <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Osm.</q>) означает <gloss><q>поджелудочная железа</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 305</biblScope></bibl>). Поэтому правы те, кто считает, что слово следует
|
|||
|
|
этимологизировать на иранской почве, а тюркские формы рассматривать как заимствования из
|
|||
|
|
аланского. Исходная форма <w type="rec">wazda-</w>, <w type="rec">wazdana-</w>
|
|||
|
|
распознается в <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wūžd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāst</w>, <w>wōst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>жир</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сало</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazdah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>прочный</q></gloss>, <w>vazdvar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>прочность</q></gloss>, в именах <w>Artavazdah</w>, <w>Vohvazdah-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>Krṣavazdah-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vedhas-</w> как наименование богов, жрецов</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 258—259</biblScope></bibl>). Исходное значение базы <w type="rec">wazd-</w> было, по <name>Bailey</name>, <gloss><q>питать</q></gloss>. Развитие значения
|
|||
|
|
в этом случае — <gloss><q>упитанный</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>сильный</q></gloss> →
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>принадлежащий к сильному сословию</q></gloss>. Ср. для семантики связь иран.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мужчина</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>герой</q></gloss></mentioned> с ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nard"><w>nard </w><gloss><q>жирный</q></gloss></ref>. — Через
|
|||
|
|
тюркское посредство слово вошло в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang>русский</lang>:
|
|||
|
|
<w>уздень</w></mentioned> (у <name>Палласа</name> в <date>1812 г.</date>, см.:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>A note on the princely families of
|
|||
|
|
Kabarda</title>. <pubPlace>Bedi Kartlisa</pubPlace>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1962</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XUI—XIV 140</biblScope></bibl>; у <bibl><author>Пушкина</author> в <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Кавказском пленнике</title></q></bibl>:
|
|||
|
|
<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...обманы хитрых узденей</q></quote>).
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang>Чеч.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özda</w>, мн. ч. <w>özdanaš</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>уздень</q></gloss>, также <gloss><q>вежливый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>обходительный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>учтивый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>воспитанный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>) могло быть усвоено как из аланского, так и через
|
|||
|
|
тюркское посредство. Непосредственно из аланского идут <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>uzdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тонко</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>утонченно</q></gloss>, <w>uzdanab</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тонкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>утонченный</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230518T120126+0300" comment="язык"?><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang>старокаб.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wasdan</w>, <w>wastan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дружинник</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рыцарь</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author>Гатцук</author>. <title>Черкесы</title>. <publisher>Юная Россия, №№ 11—
|
|||
|
|
12</publisher>, <biblScope>стр. 1443, 1588, 1594</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Indagatio
|
|||
|
|
Indo-iranica</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 63—69</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Гаглойти</author>. <title>К изучению терминологии нартского
|
|||
|
|
эпоса</title>. <publisher>Изв. Юго-Осет. научно-исслед. инст.</publisher>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1965</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIV 92-93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The corresponding social term is found in some Turkic languages of the
|
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|
|
Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="kum" extralang="krc-x-karachay nog"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>özden</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özden</w>, <w>özdön</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>nobleman</q></gloss>, also <gloss><q>polite</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>genteel</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the handwritten materials of <name>Ws.
|
|||
|
|
Miller</name> with the reference to <name>Radlov</name> is given <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>öздäн</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">von hohem Geschlechte</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Grønbech</author> (<title>Komanisches Wörterbuch</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Kopenhagen</pubPlace>, <date>1942</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
186</biblScope>)</bibl> provides <mentioned xml:lang="qwm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özden</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>frei</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>adlig</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, borrowing
|
|||
|
|
from these languages in unlikely due to the following reasons: 1) the word is known only
|
|||
|
|
to the Turkic peopes that have or have had the contacts with Ossetians (Alans), — to
|
|||
|
|
Kumyk, Nogai, Balkar, Karachay, Cuman; 2) on the Turkic ground the word is not
|
|||
|
|
etymologized; in the dictionaries of <name>Räsänen</name>, of <name>Clauson</name> and of
|
|||
|
|
<name>Sevortjan</name> the word is completely absent; in the <name>Radlov</name>'s
|
|||
|
|
dictionary the only consonanting word <w>öздäн</w> (with the note <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Osm.</q>) means <gloss><q>pancreas</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 305</biblScope></bibl>). That's why right are the ones who think that the
|
|||
|
|
word must be etymologized on the Iranian ground, and the Turkic forms have to be
|
|||
|
|
consiedered to be the borrowings from Alanian. The original form <w type="rec">wazda-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">wazdana-</w> is recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāzda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wūžd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāst</w>, <w>wōst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lard</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 264</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazdah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>strong</q></gloss>, <w>vazdvar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>strength</q></gloss>, in names <w>Artavazdah</w>, <w>Vohvazdah-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>Krṣavazdah-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vedhas-</w> as a name for gods, priests</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 258—259</biblScope></bibl>). The original meaning of the base <w type="rec">wazd-</w>was, according to <name>Bailey</name>, is
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>feed</q></gloss>. The develpoment of the meaning in this case is the following —
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>well-fed</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>belonging to
|
|||
|
|
a strong estate </q></gloss>. Cf. for the semantics the connection of Iranian
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>man</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hero</q></gloss></mentioned> with Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nard"><w>nard </w><gloss><q>fat</q></gloss></ref>. — Through
|
|||
|
|
the Turkic medium the word came into <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>:
|
|||
|
|
<w>uzden'</w></mentioned> (in the notes of <name>Pallas</name> in the year
|
|||
|
|
<date>1812</date>, see: <bibl><author>Allen</author>. <title>A note on the princely
|
|||
|
|
families of Kabarda</title>. <pubPlace>Bedi Kartlisa</pubPlace>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1962</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XUI—XIV 140</biblScope></bibl>; in <bibl><author>Puškin</author>'s <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>Kavkazskij plennik</title></q> [<title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Prisoner of the Caucasus</q></title>]</bibl>:
|
|||
|
|
<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...the lies of cunning
|
|||
|
|
<w>uzden'</w>s</q></quote>). <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>özda</w>, pl. <w>özdanaš</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>nobleman</q></gloss>, also <gloss><q>polite</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>courteous</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>genteel</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>well-mannered</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>333</biblScope></bibl>) may be borrowed from Alanian as well as through the
|
|||
|
|
Turkic medium. The direct borrowings from Alanian are <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>uzdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>finely</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>delicately</q></gloss>, <w>uzdanab</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>delicate</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саидов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>),
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230518T120126+0300" comment="язык"?><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang>Old Kabardian</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wasdan</w>, <w>wastan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>man-at-arms</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>knight</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author>Gattsuk</author>. <title>Čerkesy</title> [<title>The
|
|||
|
|
Circassians</title>]. <publisher>Junaja Rossija [The young Russia], №№ 11—
|
|||
|
|
12</publisher>, <biblScope>p. 1443, 1588, 1594</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>. <title>Indagatio
|
|||
|
|
Indo-iranica</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p. 63—69</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Gaglojti</author>. <title>K izučeniju terminologii nartskogo
|
|||
|
|
èposa</title> [<title>Towards the study of the Nart epic's terminology</title>].
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Izv. Jugo-Oset. naučno-issled.inst.</publisher>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1965</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIV 92-93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|