235 lines
19 KiB
XML
235 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æcægælon</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æcægælon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240126T224934+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5314e66" type="lemma"><orth>æcægælon</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5314e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5314e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чужой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>alien</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5314e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чужак</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stranger</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5314e88">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>посторонний</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>outsider</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; применяется только к человеку, народу или
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стране; по значению противопоставлено слову <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīon"><w>xīon</w>
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<gloss><q>свой</q></gloss></ref>; в зависимости от того, что понимается под
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīon"><w>xīon</w></ref> — семья, род, нация,
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страна, — <oRef/> может означать либо <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чужой</q> в отношении семьи, либо в отношении рода</gloss>, либо
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чужой</q> в смысле
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<q>иноплеменник</q></gloss></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; applied only to a person, nation or country; in
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meaning opposite to the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīon"><w>xīon</w>
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<gloss><q>(one’s) own</q></gloss></ref>; depending on what <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xīon"><w>xīon</w></ref> refers to — family, clan, nation,
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country, — <oRef/> may mean either <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">alien</q> with respect to the family or clan</gloss>, or <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">alien</q> in the sense
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<q>foreigner</q></gloss></note>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5314e98">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e100">
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<quote>binonty ’xsæn <oRef>æcægælony</oRef> mitæ kæny</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в семье он ведет себя как посторонний</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in the family he behaves like an outsider</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e115">
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<quote>xīonæj, <oRef>æcægælonæj</oRef> — īwyldær fæfædīs sty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>и свои, и чужие — все кинулись на тревогу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>both their own people and strangers — everyone rushed to the
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alarm</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e130">
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<quote>Kʼostajy ingænyl iron adæm næ, fælæ <oRef>æcægælættæ</oRef> dær sūʒgæ
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cæssyg kaldtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>на могиле Коста не только осетины, но и чужие (иноплеменники)
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проливали жгучие слезы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>at the grave of Kosta not only Ossetians, but also strangers
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(foreigners) shed burning tears</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e145">
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<quote>æcægælon adæm, æcægælon bæstæ æxsnyfæj nywazync mæ tūg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чужие люди, чужая страна питают ко мне лютую ненависть (буквально
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«пьют мою кровь»)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the foreign people, the foreign country harbour a fierce hatred for
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me (literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">drink my
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blood</q></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>æcægælon</oRef> læqwæntæj Xadizæti neke nekæd nekæmi fæwwidta,
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wædta in fæwwinæn dær n’ adtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из посторонних юношей никто никогда нигде не видел Хадизату, да и
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увидеть ее было невозможно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>of the outsider young men no one has ever seen Khadizætæ anywhere,
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and it was impossible to see her anyway</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 32</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e187" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>iwazæg — æcægælon iwazæg, æxe ba daruj baraggeni xuzæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гость — посторонний (незнакомый) гость, а держит себя свободно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the guest is an alien (unfamiliar) guest, but he carries himself at
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ease</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e209" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>æcægælonæj</oRef> ka ærbacæwidæ mardmæ, e ba idardæj ratæfirfæ
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kænidæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кто из чужих (посторонних) приходил к покойнику, тот издали выражал
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соболезнование</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>whoever from among strangers approached the deceased, expressed
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condolences from afar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 44</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5314e231" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Kʼornatæn niwwaʒæ, fal bunton <oRef>æcægælænttæn</oRef> dær ma adtæj
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qæbær æxcæwæn Kʼornati ǧuddag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не только (фамилии) Корнаевых, но даже совершенно посторонним было
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очень приятно дело Корнаевых</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>not only (those who were fro the family of) Kornaevs, but even
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outsiders were very pleased with the Kornaevsʼ case</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сложение из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"><w>æcæg</w></ref> + <w type="rec">ælon</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">haθyaka</w></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">aryana</w></mentioned>, буквально <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">истинно чужой</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">true-stranger</q></gloss>. Для первой
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части см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"><w>æcæg</w>
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<gloss><q>истинный</q></gloss></ref>. Не сохранившееся отдельно <w type="rec">ælon</w> закономерно восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">aryana</w></mentioned>, производному от арийского <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e334" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e258" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ari-</w>, <w type="rec">arya-</w>
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<gloss><q>чужой</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e342" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e266" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>ari-</w>
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<gloss><q>чужой</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Thieme</author>. <title>Fremdling im
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Rgveda</title>,
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<biblScope>1938</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Не исключено, что
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>формант</gloss>
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<w>-оn</w></mentioned> — позднейшее наращение и что старая форма была <w type="rec">æcægæl</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">haθyaka-ari</w></mentioned>. В сложении <oRef>æcæg-ælon</oRef>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"><w>æcæg</w></ref> имеет усилительное
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значение, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e353" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e277" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haiθya-</w></mentioned> в выражении <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e359" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e283" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haiθyō-dvaešah</w>
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<gloss><q>истинный враг</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>true-enemy</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yasna</title>
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<biblScope>43 8</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср.
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усилительную функцию английского <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e371" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e301" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>true</w></mentioned> в таких выражениях, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e306" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>true-love</w>
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<gloss><q>возлюбленный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e384" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e314" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>true-bred</w>
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<gloss><q>чистокровный</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. — Наряду с
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<w>ælon</w> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">aryana</w></mentioned> (с кратким начальным <c>а</c>) имеем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>allon</w>
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<gloss><q>алан</q></gloss></ref>, самоназвание осетин в сказках, из
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w>
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<gloss><q>ариец</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>арийский</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
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См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/>.<lb/><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/> 1958 II
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113—115.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Compound of <w>æcæg</w> + <w type="rec">ælon</w> ← <w type="rec">haθyaka</w> + <w type="rec">aryana</w>, literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">truly alien</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">true-stranger</q></gloss>. For the first
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part, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"><w>æcæg</w>
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<gloss><q>true</q></gloss></ref>. The element <w type="rec">ælon</w>, not
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preserved separately, regularly goes back to <w type="rec">aryana</w>, derived
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from the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e258" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e334" xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ari-</w>, <w type="rec">arya-</w>
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<gloss><q>hostile</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e266" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e342" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>arí-</w>
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<gloss><q>hostile</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Thieme</author>. <title>Fremdling im
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Rgveda</title>,
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<biblScope>1938</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is possible that
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the <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>suffix</gloss>
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<w>-оn</w></mentioned> is a later derivation and that the old form was <w type="rec">æcægæl</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">haθyaka-ari</w></mentioned>. In the compound <w>æcæg-ælon</w>,
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<w>æcæg</w> has augmentative meaning, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e277" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e353" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haiθya-</w></mentioned> in the expression <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e283" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e359" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haiθyō-dvaešah</w>
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<gloss><q>true-enemy</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yasna</title>
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<biblScope>43 8</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf. the
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augmentative function of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e301" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e371" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>true</w></mentioned> in expressions such as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e306" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e376" xml:lang="en"><w>true-love</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5314e314" xml:id="mentioned_d5314e384" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>true-bred</w></mentioned> etc. — In addition to <w>ælon</w> from <w type="rec">aryana-</w> (with short initial <c>a</c>), Ossetic also has <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon" xml:lang="os"><w>allon</w>
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<gloss><q>Alan</q></gloss></ref>, an Ossetian endonym in
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240126T224914+0300" comment="folk tales? (сказки)"?>fairy
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tales<?oxy_comment_end ?>, from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w>
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<gloss><q>Aryan</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/>.<lb/><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/> 1958 II 113—115.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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