232 lines
18 KiB
XML
232 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æmbal</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æmbal" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T113312+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3936e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmbal</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3936e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æmbal</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d3936e71" type="variant"><orth>ænbal</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3936e74">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3936e75">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>товарищ</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>comrade</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3936e84">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>спутник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>companion</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3936e94">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e96">
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<quote>Cyppū zaǧta je <oRef>’mbælttæn</oRef>…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Цыппу сказал своим товарищам…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Cyppu said to his companions…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 142</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e115">
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<quote><oRef>æmbælttæ</oRef> jæm q˳ystoj æncad</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>товарищи слушали его безмолвно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>comrades listened to him without speaking</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 145</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e134">
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<quote>lægtæj īw razyndī Salajæn jæxī <oRef>æmbal</oRef> abyræg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из мужчин один оказался товарищем-абреком самого Сала</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>one of the men turned out to be an <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abyræg"><foreign>abrek</foreign></ref> comrade of
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Sala himself</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 156</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e153">
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<quote>X˳ycawæj būznyg, axæm æmbal k˳y wa</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благодарение Богу иметь такого товарища</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thank God to have such a friend</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e172" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>æncæ mænæn ærmæst <oRef>æmbal</oRef> mæ tōpp, mæ kard æma mæ
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bæx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мои единственные товарищи — мое ружье, сабля и конь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my only companions are my gun, saber and horse</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e195">
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<quote>xonyn <oRef>æmbalæn</oRef> næ fydbylyz memæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в качестве товарища я зову с собой нашу беду</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>as a comrade I call my misfortune with me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e214" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>rajston dungi <oRef>æmbalæn</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>товарищем я взял себе ветер</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I took the wind as my companion</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
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<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3936e236" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>kæræʒemæn <oRef>ænbaltæn</oRef> cæmæn næ bæztæncæ?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>почему бы им не годиться друг другу в товарищи?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>why can they not be comrades to each other?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>8%l16%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w>æm-bal</w>, где <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> —
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префикс (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e312" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e263" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>ham-</w></mentioned>), а <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"><w>bal</w>
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— <gloss><q>группа или партия, находящаяся в военном
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походе</q></gloss></ref> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"><w>balxon</w></ref>), первоначально <gloss><q>товарищ по
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походу</q></gloss>;<note type="footnote">С распространенным на переднем
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Востоке
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T105213+0300" comment="check in printed book"?><w>ambal</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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<w>amal</w>, <w>hamal</w> (из <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3936e275" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>hamāl</w>
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<gloss><q>рабочий</q></gloss></mentioned>) <lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<oRef>æmbal</oRef> ничего общего не имеет, вопреки
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<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
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<biblScope>43</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> по составу и значению близко к
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e327" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e287" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>со-ратник</w></mentioned>. Слово <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmbal</oRef>
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| <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef> дважды засвидетельствовано в аланскую
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эпоху в качестве собственного имени: в русских летописях и в осетинской
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(аланской) надписи с р. Зеленчук. Из летописи мы узнаем, что у князя Андрея
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Боголюбского служил ключником ясин (осетин) <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Анбалъ</w></mentioned>, который в 1175 г. участвовал в убийстве
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князя. В зеленчукской надмогильной надписи (X—XII в.) в числе погребенных
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называются <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Παχαθα[ρ]η φουρτ Ανπαλαν</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Бакатара сын
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<foreign>Анбалан</foreign></q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Α[ν]παλανη φουρτ Λακ</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>Анбалана</foreign> сын
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Лаг</q></gloss></mentioned>. Форма <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>Anbalan</w>
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<note type="comment">(современное <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ænbalon</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> есть усиление
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слова <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef>
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<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><gloss>суффиксом</gloss>
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<m>-аn</m>
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<note type="comment">(современное <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Такая форма вполне
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могла существовать как в качестве собственного имени, так и нарицательно (ср.
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmzærdion</w>
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<note type="comment">рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæ"><w>æmzærdæ</w>
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<gloss><q>единодушный</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned> и т. п.).
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Таким образом в историю нашего слова мы с полным правом вносим и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e337" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e294" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
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<w>ανπαλ </w> (<w>*ænbal</w>) <gloss><q>товарищ</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>Известная в Осетии фамилия</gloss>
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<w>Æmbaltæ</w>
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<gloss><q>Амбаловы</q></gloss></mentioned> также предполагает существование
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собственного имени <oRef>Æmbal</oRef>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>42, 262, 266</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <w>æm-bal</w>, where<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/> is
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a prefix (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e312" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>ham-</w></mentioned>) and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal_1"><w>bal</w>
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is <gloss><q>a group or party in a military campaign</q></gloss></ref> (cf.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_balxon"><w>balxon</w></ref>), originally
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<gloss><q>comrade in a military campaign</q></gloss>;<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<oRef>æmbal</oRef> has no relation to the word <w>ambal</w>, <w>amal</w>,
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<w>hamal</w> common in Western Asia (from <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3936e354" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>hamāl</w>
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<gloss><q>worker</q></gloss></mentioned>, pace
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<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP">EVP</ref>
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<biblScope>43</biblScope>)</bibl>.</note> in its form and meaning the
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word resembles <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e287" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e327" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>so-ratnik</w>
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<gloss><q>comrade-in-arms</q></gloss> (<gloss>lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">co-warrior</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.
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The word <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmbal</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal </oRef> has been twice attested in the Alan era as a proper name — in
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Russian chronicles and in the Ossetic (Alanic) inscription from the river
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Zelenchuk. From the chronicles we learn that Prince
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240209T112202+0300" comment="sometimes called Andrew I (of Bogolyubovo), but this name seems more widespread in the academic literature"?>Andrey
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Bogolyubsky<?oxy_comment_end ?> had a Jassic (Alan) key keeper named <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><w>Anbalъ</w></mentioned>, who participated in the murder of
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the prince in 1174. The Zelenchuk gravestone inscription (10th-12th cc.), among
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other names of buried people, refers to <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Πακαθα[ρ]η φουρτ Ανπαλαν</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><foreign>Anbalan</foreign> son of
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Bakatar</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><phr>Α[ν]παλανη φουρτ Λακ</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Lag son of
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<foreign>Anbalan</foreign></q></gloss></mentioned>. The form
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<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>Anbalan</w>
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<note type="comment">(modern <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>ænbalon</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> is an emphatic
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derivate of <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænbal</oRef> with the <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><gloss>suffix</gloss>
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<m>-аn</m>
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<note type="comment">(modern <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-оn</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. Such a from could have
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existed both as a proper name and as a common noun (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>æmzærdion</w>
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<note type="comment">alongside <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærdæ"><w>æmzærdæ</w>
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<gloss><q>unanimous</q></gloss></ref></note></mentioned> etc.). Thus
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we have all reason to include <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3936e294" xml:id="mentioned_d3936e337" xml:lang="xln"><lang/>
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<w>ανπαλ </w> (<w>*ænbal</w>) <gloss><q>companion</q></gloss></mentioned> in
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the history of this word. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>The well-known
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Ossetian family name</gloss>
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<w>Æmbaltæ</w></mentioned> also presupposes the existence of
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<oRef>Æmbal</oRef> as a proper name.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>42, 262, 266</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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