174 lines
14 KiB
XML
174 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>ænʒalm</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ænʒalm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240329T143853+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3596e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ænʒalm</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3596e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænʒalæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3596e72">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3596e73">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жердь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pole</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3596e82">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>брус</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beam</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Так называются брусья, употребляемые для
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покрытия горской сакли. Плоская крыша сакли строится следующим образом: на
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возведенные стены укладываются сперва потолочные балки (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1"><w>qædtæ</w></ref>) на расстоянии ½—1 м друг от друга;
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поперек балок вплотную друг к другу кладутся жерди (<oRef/>), на брусья ложится
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слой хвороста (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyxs"/>) и соломы (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæmp"/>); сверху насыпается земля — глина с песком (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt"/>), которая утрамбовывается с помощью особой
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бабы (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūlæg"/>)</note>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240403T135444+0300" comment="not 100% sure of the translation"?>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. This is the name for the poles used to cover a
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highland house. The flat roof of the house is constructed in the following way:
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first, ceiling beams (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1"><w>qædtæ</w></ref>)
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are laid over the constructed walls ½—1 m apart from each other; crosswise to
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the beams, in close contact with each other poles (<oRef/>) are overlaid on top,
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which are then covered with brushwood (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_pyxs"/>)
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and straw (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæmp"/>); earth — clay with sand (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt"/>) — is poured on top, which is then
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levelled using a special hammer (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūlæg"/>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3596e92">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e94">
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<quote>mæ xæʒar aǧ˳yndynæn ma mæ <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> qæwy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чтобы покрыть дом, мне недостает только <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef>
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(жердей)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I am only lacking in <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> (poles) to cover the
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house</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e109" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>jæ <oRef>’nʒalæ</oRef> in Rasti komi rawaǧtoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жерди для крыши спустили по ущелью Раст</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>poles for the roof were sent via the Rast gorge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 135</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e131" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>etæ xæʒaræ kodtoncæ ’ma nikkarstoncæ se <oRef>’nʒalæ</oRef>
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Ræstikomi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>они строили дом и нарубили жердей в Растикоме</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they built a house and cut poles in
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240329T142053+0300" comment="this is in fact the same as "Rast gorge" in the previous sentence, only spelled differently"?>Ræstikom<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3596e153" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Majrænqul æ wærgutæbæl tærsæ <oRef>ænʒalæ</oRef> tæssarmæ
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ærævardta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Майрамкул положил себе на колени буковую жердь поперек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Mayrænqul put a beech pole cross his knees</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><lang xml:lang="os">Ос.</lang>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ænʒalm</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒalæ</w> представляет сращение префикса <m>æn-</m> c
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основой <w>ʒal</w>
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<gloss><q>брус</q></gloss> кавказского происхождения. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e238" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e182" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ʒeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e246" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e187" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>ǯali</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
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<biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e258" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e199" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>ǯa </w> : <w>ʒalepe</w></mentioned>, , <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>nǯa </w> : <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e204" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>ǯolum</w>
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<gloss><q>валежник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e272" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e213" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>žəlmə</w>, <w>zəlmə</w>
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<gloss><q>хворост для покрытия крыши</q></gloss></mentioned>. Представляет
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ли начальное <m>æn</m> в <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> иранский префикс (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>) или кавказский — трудно решить;
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вероятнее последнее; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e280" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e221" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>, а на осетинской почве еще и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ængūz</w>
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<gloss><q>орех</q></gloss></ref>. Конечное <c>m</c>, вероятно, окаменелый
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показатель множественности, вариант губного суффикса множественности <m>b</m> ‖
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<m>m</m> ‖ <m>р</m>, широко распространенного в южнокавказских и
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дагестанских языках; кстати, <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> употребляется нередко в
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собирательном смысле: <gloss><q>брусья</q></gloss>. Чеченское и балкарское слово
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усвоены, возможно, из осетинского.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>327</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ænʒalm</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænʒalæ</w> represents
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the fusion of the prefix <m>æn-</m> with the stem <w>ʒal</w>
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<gloss><q>beam</q></gloss> of Caucasian origin. Compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e182" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e238" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ʒeli</w>
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<gloss><q>beam</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e187" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e246" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>ǯali</w>
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<gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
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<biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e258" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>ǯa </w> : <w>ʒalepe</w></mentioned>, , <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><w>nǯa </w> : <w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e204" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e263" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>ǯolum</w>
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<gloss><q>brushwood</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e213" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e272" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>žəlmə</w>, <w>zəlmə</w>
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<gloss><q>brushwood for roof covering</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is hard to
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decide whether the initial <m>æn</m> in <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> is an Iranian prefix
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(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"><w>æm-</w></ref>) or a Caucasian one;
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the latter is more likely; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3596e221" xml:id="mentioned_d3596e280" xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>nǯalepe</w></mentioned>, and within Ossetic also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"><w>ængūz</w>
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<gloss><q>walnut</q></gloss></ref>. The final <c>m</c> is probably a
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fossilized plural marker, a variant of the labial plural suffix <m>b</m> ‖
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<m>m</m> ‖ <m>р</m> widespread in the South Caucasian and Daghestanian
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languages; by the way, <oRef>ænʒalm</oRef> is often used as a collective noun:
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<gloss><q>beams</q></gloss>. The Chechen and Balkar words are possibly
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adopted from Ossetic. <lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>327.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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