176 lines
18 KiB
XML
176 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ævdīw" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3090e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævdīw</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3090e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ævdew</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3090e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>демон</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>demon</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3090e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>колдун</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sorcerer</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3090e100">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3090e102">
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<quote>wæd yl radtoj avd komæj avd ævdīwy, æmæ ssyǧdī bæstæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тогда семь демонов из семи ущелий стали дуть в кузнечные меха
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(буквально „дали“), и страна была объята огнем</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>then seven demons from seven gorges began to blow into forge bellows
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(lit. "gave") and the country was aflamed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в примечании к этому месту, на стр.
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248, редактор поясняет: „<hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd ævdīwy -- oma avd dælīmony</hi>'', считая,
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стало быть, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi> синонимом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dælīmon"/>
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‘бес’, ‘преисподний дух’)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in the footnote on the page 248, an
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editor explains: “%i<hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd ævdīwy -- oma avd dælīmony</hi>%i” thus
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considering <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi> as a synonym of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dælīmon"/> ‘devil’, ‘ghost of the under
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world’)</note>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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10</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3090e132" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>dæ kʼælætbæl din awinʒun mæ ǯiwaræ mæ rewæj — ba-dæ-xezʒænæj dæ
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medfun dæ avdæni ævdewæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>к дужке (колыбели) я привязываю мой крест (снятый) с моей груди — он
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во время сна в колыбели предохранит тебя от <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdеw</hi></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I tie my cross removed from my chest to the ear of the cradle — it
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will guard you from <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdew</hi> during your sleep</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3090e154" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>wæxwædtæ dær ævdewtæ, wæ čiræǧtæ dær sajtæntæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>и сами вы <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdew</hi>’ы, и ваши лампы шайтаны</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>and you yourselves are <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdew</hi>'s and your lamps are shaitans</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 16</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3090e176" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ænaxur ævdewæj axur ævdew xwæzdær æj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лучше ученая колдунья, чем неученая</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a learned witch is better than an illiterate one <hi rendition="#rend_bold">(?)</hi></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
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187%l79%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">По догадке <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Вс. Миллера</hi> ( <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 157; Gr.
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6</biblScope></bibl>), образовалось из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi> ‘вода’ (у
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<bibl><author>Миллера</author></bibl> ошибочно <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi>) = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e314" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e209" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>āp-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e320" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e215" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*dīw</w>
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<gloss><q>демон</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned> =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e328" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e223" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>daiva</w></mentioned> и означало ‘водяной’, ‘водяной дух’. Ни <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi> в
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значении ‘вода’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don"/>), ни <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dīw</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dew</hi>
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в значении ‘демон’ в осетинском отдельно не сохранились. Это, однако, не
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опорочивает толкования Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллера</hi>, так как нередки случаи, когда в сложных
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словах сохраняются такие лексические элементы, которые отдельно вышли из
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употребления; ср., например, судьбу слов <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/>
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‘рука’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘нога’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘рот’; см. также такие сложные слова, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"/>. Распространенное по всему иранскому миру
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āр</hi>- ‘вода’ не было чуждо в прошлом и осетинскому, как это видно из слова
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘стекло’ (см.), из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/> ‘фильтрат пива’ и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> ‘водопад’ (см.). Знали его и скифы, судя по таким
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собственным . именам, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e354" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e246" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Ἀβνώζος</w>
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<gloss><q>водопийца</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e254" xml:lang="xsc"><w>άβδάρακος</w>
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<gloss><q>вододержец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ослабление гласного (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ap</hi> →
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>-) в сложном слове закономерно. Таким образом, этимология
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<bibl><author>Вс. Миллера</author></bibl> кажется приемлемой. Трудность,
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однако, в том, что ни в одном из текстов, где мы встречаем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdew</hi>, нет даже намека на то, что это существо связывалось с <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">водной</hi>
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стихией (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/></bibl>, passim. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>.—<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 16</biblScope></bibl>). Стало быть,
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">реалии</hi> не подтверждают этимологию <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdew</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">daiva</hi>-. Мы
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возводим слово к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd-dew</hi> = *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">hafta</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">daiva</hi> „семь богов (resp.
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демонов)“. Культ семи богов с несомненностью существовал у алан, ср. аланское
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название г. Феодосии Ἀρδάβδα „(город) семи богов“, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e387" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e279" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">святилище</note><w>Avd ʒuary</w>
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<gloss><q>семь богов</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>167 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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259</biblScope></bibl>). В пользу этого говорит и выражение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd ævdiwy</hi>
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„семь <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdiw</hi>'oв": когда в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi> перестало осознаваться <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/> ‘семь’, пришлось для обозначения „семи богов
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(демонов)“ числительное <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/> повторить. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Avdīwag"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">As <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ws. Miller</hi> suspected ( <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 157; Gr.
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6</biblScope></bibl>), the word derived from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi> ‘water’
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(<bibl><author>Miller</author></bibl> has <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi> by mistake) =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e209" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e314" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>āp-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e215" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e320" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>*dīw</w>
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<gloss><q>demon</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned> =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e223" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e328" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>daiva</w></mentioned> and it meant ‘vodyanoj’, ‘water spirit’. Neither
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi> in the meaning ‘water’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don"/>), nor
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dīw</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dew</hi> in the meaning ‘demon’ are left in the Ossetic. However, this
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does not discredit the interpretation of <bibl><author>Ws.
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Miller</author></bibl>, since there are frequent cases when we found in
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complex words such lexical elements that are out of use; cf., for example, the
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history of such words as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘arm’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘leg’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/>
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‘mouth’; see also such complex words as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"/>.
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The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- ‘water’ which is common in the whole Iranian world was also
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known in Ossetic, as it may be seen in the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘glass’, from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/>
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‘beer filtrate and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> ‘waterfall’. It was
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also known by Scythians, as it may be seen in such proper names as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e246" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e354" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Ἀβνώζος</w>
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<gloss><q>water-drinker</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e362" xml:lang="xsc"><w>άβδάρακος</w>
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<gloss><q>water-holder</q></gloss></mentioned>.The weakening of the vowel
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ap</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>-) in a complex word is regular. Thus, the etymology proposed by
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<bibl><author>Vs Miller</author></bibl> seems acceptable. However, there
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are no texts where <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdīw</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdew</hi> is associated with water element.
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Saxi_ræs."/></bibl>, passim. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>.—<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>II 16</biblScope></bibl>). Hence, the
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">reality</hi> does not confirm the etymology <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdew</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">daiva</hi>-. We
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trace the word back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd-dew</hi> = *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">hafta</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">daiva</hi> „seven gods (resp.
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demons)“. Alans had the worship of seven gods, cf. Alan name of Theodosia
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Ἀρδάβδα „(the town) of seven gods“, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3090e279" xml:id="mentioned_d3090e387" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">sanctuary</note><w>Avd ʒuary</w>
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<gloss><q>seven gods</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>167ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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259</biblScope></bibl>). The expresison <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avd ævdiwy</hi> „seven of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ævdiw</hi>s"
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refers to this hypothesis: when <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/> ‘seven’ was
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no more interpretable, the numeral <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avd"/> had to
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be repeated for the meaning of 'seven gods (demons). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Avdīwag"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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