177 lines
17 KiB
XML
177 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">7fsær</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7fsær" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d883e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆfsær</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d883e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æfsæræ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d883e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>челюсть</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jaw</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d883e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d883e84" type="lemma"><orth>ʒonyǧy fsærtæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d883e87"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>полозья саней</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sleigh runners</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d883e98">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d883e100">
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<quote>nyvond argævdync, bastīǧync æj, yswængtæ jæ kænync æmæ jæ aǵy
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sfycync; jæ sær yn nyllopʼo kænync æmæ jyn je fsær raxīcæn
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kænync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жертвенное животное закалывают, свежуют, (режут) на части и варят в
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котле; голову его очищают от шерсти и отделяют челюсть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the sacrificial animal is slaughtered, skinned, cut into pieces and
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boiled in a cauldron; his head is cleaned of hair and the jaw is
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separated</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Метатеза из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sfær</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spar-</hi>. Иранское слово; в живых
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иранских языках закрепилось преимущественно за некоторыми предметами
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материальной культуры: сохой, сошником, заступом и пр. Здесь, как и во многих
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других случаях, имеет место перенос анатомического термина на орудия; см.,
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например, под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/> ‘рука’, ‘оглобля’. Ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e332" xml:id="mentioned_d883e125" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>spār, supār</w>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e340" xml:id="mentioned_d883e133" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>плуг</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e346" xml:id="mentioned_d883e139" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>äspärä, aspereh, isperek</w>
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<gloss><q>заступ</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e354" xml:id="mentioned_d883e147" xml:lang="ku"><w/>
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<gloss><q>изогнутая палка внизу у заступа, на которую надавливают
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ногой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e361" xml:id="mentioned_d883e154" xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>äspār</w>
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<gloss><q>заступ</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e369" xml:id="mentioned_d883e162" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>spāra</w>
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<gloss><q>сошник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e377" xml:id="mentioned_d883e170" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>səpār, s(e)pōr, spōr, sepōrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e382" xml:id="mentioned_d883e175" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>sporo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e387" xml:id="mentioned_d883e180" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>s'pēra, sparo, spara</w>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e395" xml:id="mentioned_d883e188" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>spər</w>
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<gloss><q>сошник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e404" xml:id="mentioned_d883e197" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>uspir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e409" xml:id="mentioned_d883e202" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>s%rə%rpīr</w>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e417" xml:id="mentioned_d883e210" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>s%rə%rpundr, s'por</w>
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<gloss><q>сошник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e425" xml:id="mentioned_d883e218" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>spur, supur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e430" xml:id="mentioned_d883e223" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>ʽspar</w>
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<gloss><q>плуг</q></gloss></mentioned>. Перечисленные термины, частью,
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возможно, заимствованные из персидского, частью оригинальные, восходят к
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e438" xml:id="mentioned_d883e231" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*spara-, *sparana-</w>
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<gloss><q>челюсть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e447" xml:id="mentioned_d883e240" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>изогнутое орудие для рыхления почвы</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e453" xml:id="mentioned_d883e246" xml:lang="ira"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">а
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также</note>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e461" xml:id="mentioned_d883e254" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>сошник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e467" xml:id="mentioned_d883e260" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>заступ</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение ‘челюсть’ для
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древнеиранского устанавливается на основании <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e473" xml:id="mentioned_d883e266" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>sparnha-</w>
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<gloss><q>десны</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e481" xml:id="mentioned_d883e274" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>*sparam-ga</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">буквально</note>
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<gloss><q>что находится (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ga</hi>) на челюсти
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">sparam</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e492" xml:id="mentioned_d883e285" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>śṙñga</w>
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<gloss><q>рог</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e500" xml:id="mentioned_d883e293" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>śiram-ga</w>
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<gloss><q>нарост на голове (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">śiram</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>. В дальнейшем
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возможна связь с глагольной основой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">spar-</hi> ‘попирать’, ‘крушить’ и пр. (см.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsæryn"/>). Менее вероятной кажется нам связь
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с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e510" xml:id="mentioned_d883e303" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>pšūr</w>
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<gloss><q>щека</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e518" xml:id="mentioned_d883e311" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>лицо</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsærfars"/> ‘щека’ представляет очевидную диссимиляцию из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsær</hi>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fars"/> буквально „сторона
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челюсти“.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 325 сл</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A metathesis from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*sfær</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*spar-</hi>. An Iranian word; in
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(not dead) Iranian languages, it was mainly assigned to some objects of material
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culture: plough, ploughshare bone, spade, etc. Here, as in many other cases,
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there is a transfer of the anatomical term to tools; see, e.g., under the word
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ar"/> ‘hand’, ‘shaft’. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e125" xml:id="mentioned_d883e332" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>spār, supār</w>
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<gloss><q>wooden plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e133" xml:id="mentioned_d883e340" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e139" xml:id="mentioned_d883e346" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>äspärä, aspereh, isperek</w>
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<gloss><q>spade</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e147" xml:id="mentioned_d883e354" xml:lang="ku"><w/>
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<gloss><q>curved stick at the bottom of the spade that is pressed down on by
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the foot</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e154" xml:id="mentioned_d883e361" xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>äspār</w>
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<gloss><q>spade</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e162" xml:id="mentioned_d883e369" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>spāra</w>
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<gloss><q>ploughshare</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e170" xml:id="mentioned_d883e377" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>səpār, s(e)pōr, spōr, sepōrn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e175" xml:id="mentioned_d883e382" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>sporo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e180" xml:id="mentioned_d883e387" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>s'pēra, sparo, spara</w>
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<gloss><q>wooden plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e188" xml:id="mentioned_d883e395" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>spər</w>
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<gloss><q>ploughshare</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e197" xml:id="mentioned_d883e404" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>uspir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e202" xml:id="mentioned_d883e409" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>s%rə%rpīr</w>
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<gloss><q>wooden plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e210" xml:id="mentioned_d883e417" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>s%rə%rpundr, s'por</w>
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<gloss><q>ploughshare</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e218" xml:id="mentioned_d883e425" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>spur, supur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e223" xml:id="mentioned_d883e430" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>ʽspar</w>
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<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></mentioned>. The listed terms, partly possibly
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borrowed from Persian, partly original, go back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e231" xml:id="mentioned_d883e438" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*spara-, *sparana-</w>
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<gloss><q>jaw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e240" xml:id="mentioned_d883e447" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>curved soil loosening tool</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e246" xml:id="mentioned_d883e453" xml:lang="ira"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">and also</note>
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<gloss><q>wooden plough</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e254" xml:id="mentioned_d883e461" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>ploughshare</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e260" xml:id="mentioned_d883e467" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
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<gloss><q>spade</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning ‘jaw’ is established
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for Old Iranian based on <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e266" xml:id="mentioned_d883e473" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>sparnha-</w>
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<gloss><q>gums</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e274" xml:id="mentioned_d883e481" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>*sparam-ga</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">literally</note>
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<gloss><q>thing that is (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ga</hi>) on a jaw
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">sparam</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, as <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e285" xml:id="mentioned_d883e492" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>śṙñga</w>
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<gloss><q>horn</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e293" xml:id="mentioned_d883e500" xml:lang="sa"><lang/>
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<w>śiram-ga</w>
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<gloss><q>growth on the head (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">śiram</hi>)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Later, a
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connection with the verb stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">spar-</hi> ‘trample’, ‘destroy’ etc. is possible
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(see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsæryn"/>). The connection to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e303" xml:id="mentioned_d883e510" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>pšūr</w>
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<gloss><q>cheek</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d883e311" xml:id="mentioned_d883e518" xml:lang="srh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>face</q></gloss></mentioned> seems less probable. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsærfars"/> ‘cheek’ is an obvious dissimilation
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from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fsær</hi>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fars"/> literaly ‘jaw
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side’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 325
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ff</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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|||
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</TEI>
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