112 lines
11 KiB
XML
112 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆlxoj</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7lxoj" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1322e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆlxoj</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1322e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ælxojnæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1322e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пест для толчения в ступе соли и пр.</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pestle for crushing salt etc. in a mortar</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1322e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d1322e84" type="lemma"><orth>fæxt æmæ <oRef>lxoj</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1322e89"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ступа и пест</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mortar and pestle</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Остроумная догадка <bibl><author>Вс. Миллера</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
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<biblScope>21, стр. 324</biblScope>)</bibl>, который делит <w>æl-xoj</w> и видит в
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<w>æl-</w> индоевропейское название соли (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e295" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e116" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἅλς</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e121" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e127" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>salt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e311" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e132" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w n="0">соль</w></mentioned> и пр.), а во второй части — основу глагола <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojyn"><w>xojyn</w>
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<gloss><q>толочь</q></gloss></ref>, рушится из-за того, что в дигорском мы имели бы в
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этом случае <w type="rec">ælxwaj</w>, а не <oRef>ælxojnæ</oRef>. Конечное <m xml:lang="os-x-iron">-oj</m><m xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ojnæ</m> восходит обычно к
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<m>-anᵃ-</m> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_moj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"/> и др.). Начальное
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<c>lx-</c> может восходить либо к <c>kr-</c> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"/>), либо к <c>gr-</c> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxyncʼ"/>). В первом случае мы
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приходим к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e352" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e174" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">krānª-</w></mentioned>:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e356" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e178" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κραναός</w>
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<gloss><q>каменистый</q></gloss></mentioned>? Во втором — к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e364" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e187" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">granª-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e191" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>erkʼan</w>
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<gloss><q>жернов</q></gloss></mentioned> (из <w>g˳rāna-</w> с метатезой, как в
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осетинском). <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>, сближая <oRef/> непосредственно
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с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e384" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e206" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>grāvan-</w>
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<gloss><q>камень для выжимки сомы</q></gloss></mentioned>, восстанавливает форму
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e392" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e215" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">grā(u)nya-</w></mentioned>. Однако из <w type="rec">grā(u)nya-</w> мы имели бы <w type="rec">lxun</w> как из <w type="rec">gauna-</w> имеем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>,
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<w>q˳yn</w></ref> и т. п. Исходное значение было, по-видимому,
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<gloss><q>камень</q></gloss> (примитивный пест представляет не что иное, как овальный
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камень). В пользу этого говорит <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e415" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e238" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из ос.)</note>
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<w>älxa</w>, мн. ч. <w>älxan-aš</w>
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<gloss><q>точильный камень</q></gloss></mentioned>; чеченский и по форме отражает
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предшествующую ступень дигорского слова <oRef>ælxojnæ</oRef> (<w type="rec">älxān</w>). —
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Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dressler</author>, <title type="j">Die
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Sprache</title>
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<biblScope>1965 XI 43–44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_OLZ"/>
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<biblScope>1960, стр. 8</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
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<biblScope>21, p. 324</biblScope>)</bibl> makes an ingenious guess, segmenting the word
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into <w>æl-xoj</w> and viewing <w>æl-</w> as the Indo-European name of salt (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e116" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e295" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἅλς</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e121" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e300" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e127" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e305" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>salt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e132" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e311" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w>solь</w></mentioned> etc.), and in the latter part, the stem of the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojyn"><w>xojyn</w>
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<gloss><q>crush</q></gloss></ref>. However, this attempt collapses because it predicts
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the Digor form to be <w type="rec">ælxwaj</w> instead of <oRef>ælxojnæ</oRef>. The final
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<m xml:lang="os-x-iron">-oj</m><m xml:lang="os-x-digor">-ojnæ</m> usually goes back to
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<m>-anᵃ-</m> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_moj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æncoj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"/> etc.). The initial
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<c>lx-</c> may go back to either <c>kr-</c> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"/>), or to <c>gr-</c> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxyncʼ"/>). In the former case
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we reach <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e174" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e352" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">krānª-</w></mentioned>:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e178" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e356" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κραναός</w>
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<gloss><q>stony</q></gloss></mentioned>? In the latter, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e187" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e364" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">granª-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e191" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e369" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>erkʼan</w>
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<gloss><q>millstone</q></gloss></mentioned> (from <w>g˳rāna-</w> with metathesis, as in
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Ossetic). <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>, connecting <oRef/> directly to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e206" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e384" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>grāvan-</w>
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<gloss><q>stone for pressing soma</q></gloss></mentioned>, reconstructs the form
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e392" xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">grā(u)nya-</w></mentioned>. However, <w type="rec">grā(u)nya-</w> would give <w type="rec">lxun</w>, just as <w type="rec">gauna-</w> gives <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>,
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<w>q˳yn</w></ref> etc. The original meaning was apparently <gloss><q>stone</q></gloss>
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(a primitive pestle is just an oval stone). This scenario is supported by <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1322e238" xml:id="mentioned_d1322e415" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Ossetic)</note>
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<w>älxa</w>, pl. <w>älxan-aš</w>
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<gloss><q>grindstone</q></gloss></mentioned>; the Chechen form reflects the preceding
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stage of the Digor word <oRef>ælxojnæ</oRef> (<w type="rec">älxān</w>). — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dressler</author>, <title type="j">Die
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Sprache</title>
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<biblScope>1965 XI 43–44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_OLZ"/>
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<biblScope>1960, p. 8</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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