154 lines
14 KiB
XML
154 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axston</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_axston" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T112604+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2958e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>axston</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2958e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ast’onæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_axston">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гнездо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>nest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2958e72">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2958e74">
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<quote>zærvatyḱḱy <oRef>axston</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ласточкино гнездо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>swallow’s nest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2958e89">
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<quote>Ax˳ybaty — bīræǧy <oRef>axston</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в (селении) Ахубат — волчье логово</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in (the village of) Akhubat, a wolfʼs lair</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>190</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2958e108">
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<quote>maxmæ ta xælynbyttyrtæ cary <oRef>axstættæ</oRef> kænync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у нас летучие мыши устраивают на потолке гнезда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>at our place bats make nests on the ceiling</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Происхождение этого слова, равно как несколько необычные
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звуковые отношения между иронской и дигорской формой, могут быть разъяснены,
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кажется, привлечением д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azun"><w>azun</w>
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<gloss><q>давать приют</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ласкать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>кормить</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 188</biblScope></bibl>). Корень <w>az-</w> предполагает более
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древнее <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ag-</w></mentioned>, последнее
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могло иметь вариант с инхоативным <m>s</m>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T102759+0300" comment="Abaev has no asterisk here but I don't see why"?><w type="rec">ag-s-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> → <w type="rec">axš-</w></mentioned>; в и. <oRef>axston</oRef> (из <w>axsdon</w>) мы и
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имеем эту основу <w>axs-</w>, тогда как д. <oRef>astʼonæ</oRef> (из
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<w>az-donæ</w>) заключает другой вариант той же основы, <w>az-</w>, наличный
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в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azun"><w>azun</w>
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<gloss><q>давать приют</q></gloss></ref> (для перебоя: звонкий —
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смычногортанный, <c>d</c> → <c>tʼ</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cʼux</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sk0yxyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>skʼuænxun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>sikʼit</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>siskʼi</w></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīǧyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>stʼeǧun</w></ref> и др.). Следы основы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>az-</w>, <w>axš-</w>
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<gloss><q>быть в согласии, в мире</q></gloss></mentioned> сохранились и в
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других иранских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e234" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e149" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>āxš-</w>
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<gloss><q>беречь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лелеять</q></gloss> (?)</mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e248" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e163" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>āxšti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e254" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e169" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e259" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e174" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āštī</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>мир</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e267" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e182" xml:lang="fa"><w>āšyān</w>
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<gloss><q>гнездо</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>приют</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>убежище</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āxša-dāna</w></mentioned>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e285" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e200" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šahryār</w>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-dāra</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
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Сюда же, может быть, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axsǵiag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>axsǵiag</w>
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<gloss><q>любимый</q></gloss></ref>. К глаголу <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axsyn"><w>axsyn</w>
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<gloss><q>ловить</q></gloss></ref> слово <oRef/>
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<gloss><q>гнездо</q></gloss> никакого отношения не имеет.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl> — ошибочно: <lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w>axæstonæ</w>
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<gloss><q>Nest</q></gloss>; в обоих диалектах <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst6d9on"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">axæstdon</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">axæstdonæ</w>
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<gloss><q>тюрьма</q></gloss></ref>, с одной стороны, и <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">axston</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">astʼonæ</oRef>
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<gloss><q>гнездо</q></gloss>, с другой, — строго различаются.</note></etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The origin of this word, as well as the somewhat unusual
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phonetic relation between the Iron and Digor forms, can be explained, it seems,
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by invoking Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_azun"><w>azun</w>
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<gloss><q>to give shelter</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to caress</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>to feed</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 188</biblScope></bibl>). The stem <w>az-</w> presupposes an
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older <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ag-</w></mentioned>’ the latter
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could have a variant with inchoative <m>s</m>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T102759+0300" comment="Abaev has no asterisk here but I don't see why"?><w type="rec">ag-s-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> → <w type="rec">axš-</w></mentioned>; in the Iron <oRef>axston</oRef> (from <w>axsdon</w>)
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we find this stem <w>axs-</w>, whereas Digor <oRef>astʼonæ</oRef> (from
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<w>az-donæ</w>) contains another variant of this stem, <w>az-</w>, found in
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_azun"><w>azun</w>
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<gloss><q>to give shelter</q></gloss></ref> (for the alternation of voiced
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and ejective consonants <c>d</c> → <c>tʼ</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cʼux</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sk0yxyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>skʼuænxun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syǵyt" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>sikʼit</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>siskʼi</w></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīǧyn" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>stʼeǧun</w></ref> etc.). Traces of the stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>az-</w>, <w>axš-</w>
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<gloss><q>be in harmony, in peace</q></gloss></mentioned> are preserved in
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other Iranian languages as well: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e149" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e234" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>āxš-</w>
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<gloss><q>to protect</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cherish</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e163" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e248" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>āxšti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e169" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e254" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e174" xml:id="mentioned_d2958e259" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āštī</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>peace</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e267" xml:lang="fa"><w>āšyān</w>
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<gloss><q>nest</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>shelter</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>refuge</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āxša-dāna</w></mentioned>, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2958e285" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šahryār</w>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšaθra-dāra</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
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Maybe also related is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axsǵiag" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>axsǵiag</w>
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<gloss><q>beloved</q></gloss></ref>. The word <oRef/>
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<gloss><q>nest</q></gloss> has no relation to the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axsyn"><w>axsyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to catch</q></gloss></ref>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1"><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>, mistakenly: <lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/>
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<w>axæstonæ</w>
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<gloss><q>Nest</q></gloss>; in both dialects, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst6d9on"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">axæstdon</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">axæstdonæ</w>
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<gloss><q>prison</q></gloss></ref>, on the one hand, and <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">axston</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">astʼonæ</oRef>
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<gloss><q>nest</q></gloss>, on the other, are strictly
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differentiated.</note></etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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