116 lines
11 KiB
XML
116 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_gærtam" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d103e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gærtam</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d103e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>gærtan</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d103e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d103e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>взятка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bribe</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d103e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>подкуп</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>graft</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d103e92">
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<form xml:id="form_d103e94" type="lemma"><orth>gærtamxor</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d103e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>взяточник („взяткоед“)</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bribe-taker (“bribe-eater”)</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d103e108">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d103e110">
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<quote>ræsuǧd Bela gærtam wydi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>красавица Бэла послужила взяткой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beautiful Bela served as a bribe</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>188–189</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">За пределами осетинского слово прослеживается в грузинском,
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русском и финских (пермских) языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e232" xml:id="mentioned_d103e133" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>krtami</w>
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<gloss><q>дар</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e240" xml:id="mentioned_d103e141" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>подношение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e246" xml:id="mentioned_d103e147" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>взятка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e252" xml:id="mentioned_d103e153" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(стар. и обл.) </note><w>ко́ртома</w>
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<gloss><q>аренда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e262" xml:id="mentioned_d103e163" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>наем</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e269" xml:id="mentioned_d103e170" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>откуп</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e275" xml:id="mentioned_d103e176" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>условная плата за наем чего-нибудь</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e281" xml:id="mentioned_d103e182" xml:lang="ru"><w>кортомить</w>
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<gloss><q>брать в наем, на откуп</q></gloss></mentioned>(%i%bотдавать, брать
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в кортому%b%i), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e287" xml:id="mentioned_d103e188" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>körtöm, körtəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e292" xml:id="mentioned_d103e193" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>kertəm</w>
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<gloss><q>аренда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e300" xml:id="mentioned_d103e201" xml:lang="udm"><w/>
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<gloss><q>наем</q></gloss></mentioned>. Случайно созвучие с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e307" xml:id="mentioned_d103e208" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>χάρτωμα</w></mentioned>. На пермской почве слово может
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этимологизироваться на основе глагола <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kört</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kert-</hi> ‘связывать’. В этом
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случае придется допустить, что в русский и кавказские языки слово вошло из
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финских. Однако осетинское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi> по значению и огласовке примыкает к груз.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">krtami</hi> и должно считаться усвоенным оттуда.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><biblScope>Blüten 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">103
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сл.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Outside Ossetic, the word can be traced in the Georgian, Russian
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and Finnish (Permic) languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e133" xml:id="mentioned_d103e232" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>krtami</w>
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<gloss><q>donation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e141" xml:id="mentioned_d103e240" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>offering</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e147" xml:id="mentioned_d103e246" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>bribe</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e153" xml:id="mentioned_d103e252" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(obsolete and regional)
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</note><w>kórtoma</w>
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<gloss><q>rent</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e163" xml:id="mentioned_d103e262" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>hire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e170" xml:id="mentioned_d103e269" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>lease</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e176" xml:id="mentioned_d103e275" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>conditional payment for hiring something</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e182" xml:id="mentioned_d103e281" xml:lang="ru"><w>kortomitʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>hire out</q></gloss></mentioned>(%i%bотдавать, брать в
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кортому%b%i), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e188" xml:id="mentioned_d103e287" xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>körtöm, körtəm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e193" xml:id="mentioned_d103e292" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>kertəm</w>
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<gloss><q>rent</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e201" xml:id="mentioned_d103e300" xml:lang="udm"><w/>
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<gloss><q>hire</q></gloss></mentioned>. The similarity with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d103e208" xml:id="mentioned_d103e307" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>χάρτωμα</w></mentioned> is accidental. If this word comes from Permic
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languages, than it might be etymologized on the basis of the verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kört</hi> ||
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kert-</hi> ‘tie’. In this case one have to assume that this word entered Russian
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and Caucasian languages via Finnic ones. However, Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærtam</hi> is close to
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Georgian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">krtami</hi> in the meaning and the sound form and it should be
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considered acquired from it.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._Alan."/><biblScope>326</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><biblScope>Blüten 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/><biblScope xml:lang="en">103 ff.</biblScope></bibl> —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="internal">нужен особый посткоммент к циту</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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