132 lines
12 KiB
XML
132 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūton</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_gūton" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5756e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gūton</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5756e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>goton</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5756e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плуг</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>plough</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5756e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5756e84">
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<quote>mæ gūton, mæ galtæ mænæn dær cættæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мой плуг, мои быки и у меня наготове</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I also keep my plow and my bulls in readiness</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5756e103">
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<quote>zæxxæj kæm wa fælmændær, ūm nyssaʒon mæ gūton</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где земля помягче, там я всажу свой плуг</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>where the earth is softer, there I will plunge my plow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека._Ир._фийау"/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5756e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>wæ gotænttæ ræsteftong</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ваши плуги в полной исправности</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>your ploughs are in good condition</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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142</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5756e144">
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<quote>wædta sæ (wæjguti) Asægo gotoni galti bæsti fæjjevtigta ma si xumæ
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kænun bæjdædta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тогда их (великанов) Асаго запряг в плуг вместо быков и стал на них
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пахать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>then Asago harnessed them (the giants) to a plough instead of bulls
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and began to plough with them</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>7%l14–15%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общекавказское слово неизвестного происхождения: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e243" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e166" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>gutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e248" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e171" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e253" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e176" xml:lang="az"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e258" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e181" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>gutani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e186" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-k’˳atán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e192" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>kutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e274" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e197" xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e279" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e202" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>gutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e284" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e207" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>gwota</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e289" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e212" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>gotan</w></mentioned>. Ни в одном из перечисленных языков слово не имеет
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этимологических корней. К тому же почти во всех этих языках слово обозначает
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особое, более усовершенствованное или тяжелое орудие пахоты, в отличие от
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обычной сохи, для которой имеется другое, оригинальное название. Если в конце
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видеть формант <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-an</hi>, то <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kut</hi> могло быть племенным названием, указывающим
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на происхождение данного вида орудия. Может быть, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kut-</hi> — из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*skut-</hi>
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‘скиф’? В этом случае название <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*skutan</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kutan</hi> „скифский (плуг)“ можно
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было бы связать с известной легендой скифов о получении ими плуга с
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неба.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 67, III 15</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Генко</author><biblScope>О названиях плуга в
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северокавказских языках</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ДАН"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1903, стр. 133
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сл</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It is a common Caucasian word of unknown origin: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e166" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e243" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>gutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e171" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e248" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e176" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e253" xml:lang="az"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e181" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e258" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>gutani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e186" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e263" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-k’˳atán</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e192" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e269" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>kutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e197" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e274" xml:lang="udi"><lang/>
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<w>kotan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e202" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e279" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>gutan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e207" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e284" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
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<w>gwota</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5756e212" xml:id="mentioned_d5756e289" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>gotan</w></mentioned>. The word does not have etymological roots in none
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of the languages listed above. In addition, in almost all of these languages,
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the word denotes a special, more advanced or heavy ploughing tool, in contrast
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to the ordinary (wooden) plough, for which there is a different, original name.
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If there is a formant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-an</hi> at the end, then <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kut</hi> might have been a tribal
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name indicating the origin of this type of tool. Maybe <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kut-</hi> is from
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*skut-</hi> ‘Scythian’? In this case the name <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*skutan</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kutan</hi> “Scythian
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(plough)” could be associated with the famous legend of the Scythians about
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their receiving of a plough from the sky.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 67, III
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15</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Genko.</author><biblScope>On the names of the plough in
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the North Caucasian languages</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ДАН"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1903, p. 133
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ff</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="internal">перевод работы про плуг?..</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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