133 lines
14 KiB
XML
133 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ir" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1567e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ir</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1567e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>iræ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1567e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d1567e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осетины</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ossetes</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1567e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осетинский народ</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the Ossetian nation</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1567e92">
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<re xml:id="re_d1567e94">
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<form xml:id="form_d1567e96" type="lemma"><orth>iron</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1567e99"><sense xml:id="sense_d1567e100"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осетинский</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ossetian</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1567e109"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осетин</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ossete</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1567e120">
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<form xml:id="form_d1567e122" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>Iryston</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1567e125" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>Iriston</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1567e128"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Осетия</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ossetia</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1567e140">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1567e142">
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<quote>fæxæsson ma, zaǧton, wæddær fæstæmæ mæ īwnæǵy sær mæ Irmæ, mæ
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rajg˳yræn bæstæm</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>снесу-ка, сказал я, все же свою одинокую головушку обратно в мою
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Осетию, на мою родину</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I said: what if after all I return (lit. return my lonely head) back
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to my Ossetia, to my homeland</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Обычное сближение с др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aryana-</hi>, перс.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">īrān</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 55;
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Gr. 17</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>)
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встречает настолько серьезные фонетические трудности, что от него приходится
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отказаться. 1. Для объяснения начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> исходят из эпентетической формы
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">airya-</hi>; между тем, допущение эпентезы для осетинского в данном случае
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произвольно, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæl-"><w>dælæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bællyn"/>. 2. Если бы начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> восходил
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к образовавшемуся через эпентезу дифтонгу <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ai</hi>, то в дигорском диалекте мы
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ожидали бы закономерную форму *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">еr</hi>; ср. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">īv-</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ev-</hi> (преверб) из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aibi</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīdæg"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">medæg</hi> ‘внутри’ из
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">maidyaka</hi>; между тем в дигорском мы имеем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi>, а не *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">er</hi>. 3. Если бы
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начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> вышел из дифтонга <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аi</hi>, ударение по законам осетинской
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акцентологии должно было бы падать на первый слог; ударение <hi rendition="#rend_italic">irón</hi> не
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оставляет сомнения, что начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> искони краткий и к дифтонгу восходить не
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может. 4. Группа <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ry</hi> дает в осетинском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ll</hi>), стало быть из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya</hi>
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мы имели бы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al-</hi>, а не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi>. 5. В осетинском сохранилось безупречно
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закономерное развитие древнеиранского <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aryana-</hi> в форме <hi rendition="#rend_italic">allon</hi>,
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староосетинское *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">allan</hi> ‘алан’. Очевидно, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi> к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya-</hi> никакого
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отношения не имеет, и для него надо искать другое объяснение. Поскольку другие
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осетинские племенные названия — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">digor</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">twal</hi> — связаны с кавказской
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этнонимикой, естественно обратиться туда и для объяснения термина <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi>. Ср.
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грузинский географический термин <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Her-et-i</hi>, а также название осетин в устах
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чеченцев, аварцев и андийцев: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hiri-</hi>. В фирмане Фетх-Али-шаха 1804 г. к
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кабардинцам, чеченцам и осетинам последние зовутся <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hiri-</hi>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Акты Кавк. археограф. комиссии II
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820</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_twal"/>. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>245–247</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The usual convergence with Old Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aryana-</hi>,
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Persian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">īrān</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 55; Gr. 17</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>) comes
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across such serious phonetic difficulties that it had to be rejected. 1. The
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source of the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> is considered to be the epenthetic form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">airya-</hi>;
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meanwhile, the assumption of its epenthetical nature is arbitrary in this case
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for Ossetic, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæl-"><w>dælæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wælæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bællyn"/>. 2. If the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> was traced
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back to a diphtong <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ai</hi> which was formed by means of epenthesis, then in Digor
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dialect the regular form *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">еr</hi> would be expected; cf. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">īv-</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ev-</hi> (a
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preverb) from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aibi</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mīdæg"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">medæg</hi>
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‘inside’ from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">maidyaka</hi>; meanwhile in Digor the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi> is attested, but
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not *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">er</hi>. 3. If the origin of the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> was a diphtong <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аi</hi>, under
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the laws of Ossetic accentology the accent would fall on the first syllable; the
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accent <hi rendition="#rend_italic">irón</hi> leaves little doubt that the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> was previously short
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and it cannot be traced to a diphtong. 4. In Ossetic the group <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ry</hi> results in
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ll</hi>), hence from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya</hi> the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al-</hi> would emerge, but not
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi>. 5. In Ossetic a flawlessly regular development of Old Iranian
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aryana-</hi> in the form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">allon</hi> is attested, Old Ossetic *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">allan</hi> ‘alan’. It
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is evident that <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi> is not related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arya-</hi> at all, and there should be
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another explanation of its origin. Since other Ossetian tribe names — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">digor</hi>,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">twal</hi> — are related to Caucasian ethnonymy, it is natural to explain the term
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ir</hi> in compliance with it. Cf. a Georgian geographical term <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Her-et-i</hi>, and
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also the names of Ossetes by Chechens, Avars and Andis: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hiri-</hi>. In the firman
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of Fath-Ali Shah to Kabardians, Chechens and Ossetes in 1804 the latter are
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called <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hiri-</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>Acts of the Caucasian archeographic
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commission II 820</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygūr"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_twal"/>. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Asy"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>245–247</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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