143 lines
15 KiB
XML
143 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">jæw</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_jæw" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5088e66" type="lemma"><orth>jæw</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5088e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>просо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>proso millet</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к иран. *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">yava-</hi>. Общеиранское и индоевропейское
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слово. Применялось к различным злакам. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e296" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e81" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e301" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e86" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e306" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e91" xml:lang="ku"><w>yō</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e309" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e94" xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>yāu</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 463</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e319" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e104" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e324" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e109" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>jō</w>
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<gloss><q>ячмень</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e330" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e115" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yōu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e120" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>you</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e340" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e125" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>yau</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e345" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e130" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>zau</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e139" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>zau</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e359" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e144" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>jawaus</w>
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<gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Pam."/><biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e371" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e156" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>yau</w>
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<gloss><q>ячмень</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e379" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e164" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>yava-</w>
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<gloss><q>злак</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e387" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e172" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>yava-</w>
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<gloss><q>злак</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e396" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e181" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>ячмень</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e402" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e187" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e408" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e193" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>jāvas</w>
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<gloss><q>злак</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e416" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e201" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ζεά</w>
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<gloss><q>полба</q></gloss></mentioned>. На русской почве сюда относят
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e424" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e209" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>овинъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e432" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e214" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>овин</w></mentioned> (←* <hi rendition="#rend_italic">javaina-</hi> ‘хлебный’, ‘предназначенный для
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хлеба’). Из индоевропейских языков усвоено в некоторые угро-финские: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e441" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e220" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>jyvā</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e449" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e228" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>juv</w>
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<gloss><q>мякина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e457" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e236" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>yu</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>118 прим.</biblScope></bibl>). Из
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осетинского идет, очевидно, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e469" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e248" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>yav</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e474" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e253" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w/>
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<gloss><q>пшено</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e483" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e262" xml:lang="inh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>крупа</q></gloss></mentioned>. То, что древнейшее индоевропейское
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название для злаков закрепилось в осетинском за просом, указывает на древность и
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важность культуры проса на осетинской почве. В сарматскую эпоху „широко
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распространено было просо, составлявшее один из важных продуктов питания у
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меото-сарматских племен“ (<bibl><author>Н. Анфимов</author><biblScope>Древние
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поселения Прикубанья. 1953, стр. 49</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæwgæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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47, 90; Gr. 27</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/><biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>59, 190</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to Iranian *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">yava-</hi>. An Iranian and Indoeuropean
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word. It was used to refer to different grasses. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e81" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e296" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e86" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e301" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e91" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e306" xml:lang="ku"><w>yō</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e94" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e309" xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>yāu</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/><biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 463</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e104" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e319" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>jaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e109" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e324" xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>jō</w>
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<gloss><q>barley</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e115" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e330" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yōu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e120" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e335" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>you</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e125" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e340" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>yau</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e130" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e345" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>zau</w>
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<gloss><q>cereals</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e139" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e354" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>zau</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e144" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e359" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>jawaus</w>
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<gloss><q>proso millet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Pam."/><biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e156" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e371" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>yau</w>
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<gloss><q>barley</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e164" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e379" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>yava-</w>
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<gloss><q>cereal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e172" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e387" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>yava-</w>
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<gloss><q>cereal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e181" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e396" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>barley</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e187" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e402" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>proso millet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e193" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e408" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>jāvas</w>
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<gloss><q>cereal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e201" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e416" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ζεά</w>
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<gloss><q>farro</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e209" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e424" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>овинъ</w>
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<gloss><q>barn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e214" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e432" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>ovin</w>
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<gloss><q>barn</q></gloss></mentioned> (←* <hi rendition="#rend_italic">javaina-</hi> ‘cereal’ (adj.),
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‘assigned for bread’) are attributed to this word as well. Some Ugro-Finnic
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languages acquired it from Indo-European languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e220" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e441" xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>jyvā</w>
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<gloss><q>cereals</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e228" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e449" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>juv</w>
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<gloss><q>chaff</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e236" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e457" xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>yu</w>
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<gloss><q>cereals</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/><biblScope>118 fn.</biblScope></bibl>). It is
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evident that <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e248" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e469" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>yav</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e253" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e474" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w/>
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<gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5088e262" xml:id="mentioned_d5088e483" xml:lang="inh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>groats</q></gloss></mentioned> come from Ossetic. The fact that
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the oldest Indo-European name for cereals was reserved for proso millet in
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Ossetic, indicates the antiquity and importance of proso millet in Ossetia. In
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the Sarmatian era “millet was widespread, which was one of the important
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foodstuffs of Meoto-Sarmatian tribes” (<bibl><author>N.
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Anfimov.</author><biblScope>Drevnie poselenija Prikuban'ja [Ancient
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settlements of the Kuban region]. 1953, p. 49</biblScope></bibl>). Ср.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæwgæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 47, 90; Gr.
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27</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Horn._Gr."/><biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>59, 190</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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