152 lines
12 KiB
XML
152 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæm</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kæm" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1987e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>kæm</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1987e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kæmi</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1987e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>where</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1987e82">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">иногда имеет значение экспрессивного
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отрицания при глаголе; как модальная частица выражает желательность,
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пожелание:</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">sometimes it expresses the meaning of
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expressive negation on the verb; it means desirability or wish as a modal
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particle:</note>
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<re xml:id="re_d1987e90">
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<form xml:id="form_d1987e92" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdær</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1987e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где-то</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>somewhere</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1987e106">
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<form xml:id="form_d1987e108" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdæriddær</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1987e111"><sense xml:id="sense_d1987e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где бы ни</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wherever</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1987e121"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>везде</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>everywhere</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1987e132">
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<form xml:id="form_d1987e134" type="lemma"><orth>kæmdæridaw</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1987e137"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оказывается</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>it turns out that</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1987e149">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e151">
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<quote>kæm ræzync, kæm cærync dæ xotæ, dæ mad?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где растут, где живут твои сестры, твоя мать?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>where do your sisters grow up, where do they and your mother
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live?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e170">
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<quote>syrd ma kæm ʒūry!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зверь уже не говорит! (= „зверю уже не до разговоров!“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the beast no longer speaks! (= “The beast is no longer up to the
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conversation!”)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e189">
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<quote>ḱyzg dær kæm komy!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>девушка никак не соглашается</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the girl really does not agree</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1987e208">
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<quote>Wælxægæn axæm fyrt kæm razyna ‘mæ me ‘rtæ nywazæny jæxīcæn cy
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bazzajoj!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пусть у Уалхага окажется такой сын, чтобы мои три кубка остались у
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него!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>may Oulhag have such a son that my three goblets remain with him!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>33, 83 прим.
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48</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализовавшийся в значении наречия старый местный падеж
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka-</hi> ‘кто’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱī"/>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_am"/> ‘здесь’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ahmi</hi> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"/> ‘там’ из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avahmi</hi>. Созвучные формы в других иранских
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языках означают не ‘где’, а ‘кто’, ‘какой’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e298" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e237" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kāma</w>
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<gloss><q>кто</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e306" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e245" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>kam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e312" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e251" xml:lang="ps"><w>kəm</w>
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<gloss><q>какой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e318" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e257" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>kyum</w>
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<gloss><q>кто</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e326" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e265" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>kum</w>
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<gloss><q>какой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e334" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e273" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>kām</w>
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<gloss><q>кто-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>; по смыслу они восходят скорее к
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*katama</hi> или <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ka</hi> + <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ama</hi>, чем к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> (ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>s.v.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kam</hi></biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The old locative case <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ka-</hi> ‘who’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ḱī"/>) has lexicalized in the adverbial meaning.
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Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_am"/> ‘here’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ahmi</hi> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūm"/> ‘there’ from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avahmi</hi>. Similar forms in other Iranian
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languages means not ‘where’, but ‘who’, ‘which’: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e237" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e298" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kāma</w>
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<gloss><q>who</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e245" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e306" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>kam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e312" xml:lang="ps"><w>kəm</w>
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<gloss><q>which</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e257" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e318" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>kyum</w>
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<gloss><q>who</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e265" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e326" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>kum</w>
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<gloss><q>which</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1987e273" xml:id="mentioned_d1987e334" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>kām</w>
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<gloss><q>somebody</q></gloss></mentioned>; they are more likely to trace
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back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*katama</hi> or <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*ka</hi> + <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ama</hi> by meaning, rather than to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kahmi</hi>
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(cf. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/><biblScope>s.v.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kam</hi></biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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