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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_qama.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qama</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_qama" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d4427e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qama</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d4427e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>qæma</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4427e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>кинжал</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>dagger</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4427e82">
<example xml:id="example_d4427e84">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qamajy fynʒyl jæ zærdæsær bakʼ˳yrtta æmæ
amardī</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мальчик наткнулся верхушкой сердца на кинжал и
умер</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the boy bumped the tip of his heart on the
dagger and died</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4427e107">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼūlyl — sagʒarm; jæ wælæ awyǧd topp, toppy
aǧūd, dambaca, qama, kard</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на стене — оленья шкура; на ней висят ружье,
ружейный чехол, пистолет, кинжал, шашка</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the wall there is a deer skin; a gun, a
rifle case, a pistol, a dagger, a saber hang on it</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4427e130">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ǵirgol qama felvæsta æmæ jæ Teǯiajy nard
g˳ybyny rast jæ fīstony ong nyssaǧta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Джиргол выхватил кинжал и всадил его по самую
рукоятку в жирный живот Теджиа</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Jirgol pulled out a dagger and plunged it up to
the hilt into Tejia’s fat belly</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4427e153">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…xastoj wæjmæ alyǧ˳yzon kærdtæ,
qamatæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">несли на продажу всякого рода шашки,
кинжалы</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they carried all kinds of sabres and daggers
for sale</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4427e176" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbaduncæ tærxoni æd læʒgutæ, æd
qæmatæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рассаживаются на судилище с палками, с
кинжалами</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sit on the bench with sticks, with
daggers</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4427e203" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…cæveddongæ ma mæ zærdi saǧd bajzadæj saw
qæma</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как если бы в моем сердце остался воткнутым
черный кинжал</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as if a black dagger was stuck in my heart</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e410" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e232" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
<w>qamʼa</w>
<gloss><q>кинжал</q> (прямой)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e419" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e241" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss>1. <q>острое орудие</q>, 2. <q>острый прямой персидский кинжал</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 478</biblScope></bibl>.— <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
<biblScope>III 406—407</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>. Вошло во
многие языки Кавказа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e444" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e266" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
<w>qamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e449" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e271" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>qāma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e454" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e276" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-qàma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e460" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e282" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>кинжал</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e468" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e290" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>xami</w>
<gloss><q>нож</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
<biblScope>169</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e484" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e306" xml:lang="ka-x-guria"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>кинжал</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e498" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e320" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>ǧama</w>
<gloss><q>шашка</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Бартоломей</author>. <title>Чеченский букварь</title>.
<biblScope>Тифлис, 1861, стр. 6</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>ǧāma</w>
<gloss><q>клинок</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Отмечено и в
курдско-персидских говорах: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e530" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e352" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
<w>q<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220318T101447+0300" comment=",не уверена, более круглая крышечка, нет домик, как у второго гласного?"?>â<?oxy_comment_end ?>mâ</w>
<gloss><q>короткий меч</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e543" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e365" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>длинный обоюдоострый прямой кинжал</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
<biblScope>II 633</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e560" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e382" xml:lang="fa-x-krmns"><lang>(кирманшах.)</lang>
<w>qämä</w>
<gloss><q>обоюдоострый меч</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
<biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр. 164</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e232" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e410" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
<w>qamʼa</w>
<gloss><q>dagger</q> (straight)</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e241" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e419" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss>1. <q>sharp weapon</q>, 2. <q>sharp straight persian dagger</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 478</biblScope></bibl>. — <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
<biblScope>III 406—407</biblScope></bibl></note>)</note></mentioned>. It has
entered many languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e266" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e444" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
<w>qamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e271" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e449" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>qāma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e276" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e454" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>a-qàma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e282" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e460" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>dagger</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e290" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e468" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>xami</w>
<gloss><q>knife</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
<biblScope>169</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e306" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e484" xml:lang="ka-x-guria"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>dagger</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e320" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e498" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>ǧama</w>
<gloss><q>saber</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bartolomej</author>. <title>The Chechen primer</title>.
<biblScope>Tiflis, 1861, p. 6</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>ǧāma</w>
<gloss><q>blade</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is also atested in the
Kurdish-Persian dialects: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e352" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e530" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
<w>q<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220318T101447+0300" comment=",не уверена, более круглая крышечка, нет домик, как у второго гласного?"?>â<?oxy_comment_end ?>mâ</w>
<gloss><q>short sword</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e365" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e543" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>qama</w>
<gloss><q>a long double-edged straight dagger</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/>
<biblScope>II 633</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4427e382" xml:id="mentioned_d4427e560" xml:lang="fa-x-krmns"><lang>(Kermanshah)</lang>
<w>qämä</w>
<gloss><q>a double-edged sword</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>126</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
<biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. IV, p. 164</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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